101
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Kuwabara J, Kanbara T. Step-Economical Synthesis of Conjugated Polymer Materials Composed of Three Components: Donor, Acceptor, and π Units. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000493. [PMID: 33225550 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers have immense potential for their use as semiconducting materials in organic optoelectronic devices. The improvement of synthetic methods for conjugated polymers is important for the practical application of conjugated polymers. For mass production, synthetic methods must be developed by considering the concerns regarding cost and environment. Reduction in the number of synthetic steps is an efficient approach to address these concerns. The utilization of direct CH functionalization is a reasonable strategy in monomer and polymer syntheses, because the prefunctionalization steps for CC bond formation can be eliminated. This review summarizes the recent developments in the efficient syntheses of conjugated polymers as well as their monomers via direct arylation (CH/CX coupling) and cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CH/CH coupling) reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Kuwabara
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Takaki Kanbara
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
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102
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Sui Y, Shi Y, Deng Y, Li R, Bai J, Wang Z, Dang Y, Han Y, Kirby N, Ye L, Geng Y. Direct Arylation Polycondensation of Chlorinated Thiophene Derivatives to High-Mobility Conjugated Polymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yibo Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Riqing Li
- School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Junhua Bai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhongli Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Nigel Kirby
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
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103
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King ER, Tropp J, Eedugurala N, Gonce LE, Stanciu S, Azoulay JD. Gold‐Catalyzed C−H Functionalization Polycondensation for the Synthesis of Aromatic Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21971-21975. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric R. King
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering The University of Southern Mississippi 118 College Drive #5050 Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Joshua Tropp
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering The University of Southern Mississippi 118 College Drive #5050 Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Naresh Eedugurala
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering The University of Southern Mississippi 118 College Drive #5050 Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Lauren E. Gonce
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering The University of Southern Mississippi 118 College Drive #5050 Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Sonia Stanciu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering The University of Southern Mississippi 118 College Drive #5050 Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Jason D. Azoulay
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering The University of Southern Mississippi 118 College Drive #5050 Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
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104
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King ER, Tropp J, Eedugurala N, Gonce LE, Stanciu S, Azoulay JD. Gold‐Catalyzed C−H Functionalization Polycondensation for the Synthesis of Aromatic Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric R. King
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering The University of Southern Mississippi 118 College Drive #5050 Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Joshua Tropp
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering The University of Southern Mississippi 118 College Drive #5050 Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Naresh Eedugurala
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering The University of Southern Mississippi 118 College Drive #5050 Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Lauren E. Gonce
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering The University of Southern Mississippi 118 College Drive #5050 Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Sonia Stanciu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering The University of Southern Mississippi 118 College Drive #5050 Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Jason D. Azoulay
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering The University of Southern Mississippi 118 College Drive #5050 Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
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105
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Wang F, Meng Q. Theoretical Insight into Ni(0)-Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Alkenes and Arylboronic Acids. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13264-13271. [PMID: 32960062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The density functional theory (ωB97XD functional) is employed to clarify nickel(0)/PtBu3-catalyzed hydroarylation of alkenes and arylboronic acids with methanol. The computational results reveal that this reaction goes primarily through the ligand-to-ligand H transfer from the O-H bond to the alkene coordinated with nickel, complexation of arylboronic acid to the nickel-alkyl-methoxyl intermediate, attack of methoxyl on boron, transmetalation, and reductive elimination. The formation of the branched 1,1-diarylalkane, linear 1,1-diarylalkane, and alkene-dimer is also discussed in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taishan University, Taian, Shandong 271021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxi Meng
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
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106
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Yang W, Yue HG, Zhao D, Yan H, Cao KL, Zhao JS, Zhang Q. Thienylmethylene Oxindole Based Conjugated Polymers via Direct Arylation Polymerization and Their Electrochromic Properties. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2503-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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107
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Chen MY, Pannecoucke X, Jubault P, Besset T. Pd-Catalyzed Selective Chlorination of Acrylamides at Room Temperature. Org Lett 2020; 22:7556-7561. [PMID: 32941046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this Letter, the transition-metal-catalyzed chlorination of alkenes is reported. In the presence of the commercially available and inexpensive N-chlorosuccinimide and without additive, the Pd-catalyzed chlorination of acrylamides by C-H bond activation was developed at room temperature under air. Under these mild reaction conditions, the versatility of the methodology was demonstrated as an array of acrylamides was functionalized to selectively provide the corresponding difficult-to-synthesize chlorinated olefins as a single Z stereoisomer. Mechanistic studies were conducted to get insights into the reaction mechanism, and post-functionalization reactions further demonstrated the synthetic utility of the approach toward the access to high value-added chlorinated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Yi Chen
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Xavier Pannecoucke
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Philippe Jubault
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Tatiana Besset
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
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108
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Pankow RM, Thompson BC. The development of conjugated polymers as the cornerstone of organic electronics. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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109
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Regiocontrolled synthesis of ester-functionalized polythiophenes via direct arylation polycondensation. Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-020-00421-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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110
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Bautista MV, Varni AJ, Ayuso-Carrillo J, Tsai CH, Noonan KJT. Chain-Growth Polymerization of Benzotriazole Using Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling and Dialkylbiarylphosphine Palladium Catalysts. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1357-1362. [PMID: 35638632 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Electron-deficient (n-type) conjugated materials are commonly prepared via step-growth methods with limited control over the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the resulting polymers. In this communication, we demonstrate that Pd-dialkylbiarylphosphine catalysts enable the chain-growth polymerization of benzo[1,2,3]triazole using Suzuki-Miyaura coupling with molecular weight control and modest molecular weight distributions (Đ ∼ 1.2-1.6). The importance of a free ligand in the reaction mixture during polymerization was established by analysis of polymer samples using GPC and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. A block copolymer with poly(3-hexylthiophene) was also synthesized by sequential monomer addition. The success of these commercially available catalysts for polymerization of benzotriazole highlights their potential for chain-growth reactions with other bicyclic arenes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V. Bautista
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2567, United States
| | - Anthony J. Varni
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2567, United States
| | - Josué Ayuso-Carrillo
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2567, United States
| | - Chia-Hua Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2567, United States
| | - Kevin J. T. Noonan
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2567, United States
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111
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Jones AL, De Keersmaecker M, Pelse I, Reynolds JR. Curious Case of BiEDOT: MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Reveals Unbalanced Monomer Incorporation with Direct (Hetero)arylation Polymerization. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Austin L. Jones
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, and Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Michel De Keersmaecker
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, and Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ian Pelse
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, and Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - John R. Reynolds
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, and Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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112
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Sanzone A, Calascibetta A, Monti M, Mattiello S, Sassi M, Corsini F, Griffini G, Sommer M, Beverina L. Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers by Sustainable Suzuki Polycondensation in Water and under Aerobic Conditions. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1167-1171. [PMID: 35653208 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated semiconducting polymers are key materials enabling plastic (opto)electronic devices. Research in the field has a generally strong focus on the constant improvement of backbone structure and the resulting properties. Comparatively fewer studies are devoted to improving the sustainability of the synthetic route that leads to a material under scrutiny. Exemplified by the two established and commercially available luminescent polymers poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-bithiophene) (PF8T2) and poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (PF8BT), this work describes the first examples of efficient Suzuki-Miyaura polycondensations in water, under ambient environment, with minimal amount of organic solvent and with moderate heating. The synthetic approach enables a reduction of the E-factor (mass of organic waste/mass of product) by 1 order of magnitude, without negatively affecting molecular weight, dispersity, chemical structure, or photochemical stability of PF8T2 or PF8BT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Sanzone
- Department of Materials Science and INSTM, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi, 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Adiel Calascibetta
- Department of Materials Science and INSTM, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi, 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Mauro Monti
- Department of Materials Science and INSTM, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi, 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Mattiello
- Department of Materials Science and INSTM, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi, 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Mauro Sassi
- Department of Materials Science and INSTM, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi, 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Corsini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Griffini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Michael Sommer
- Institute for Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Luca Beverina
- Department of Materials Science and INSTM, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi, 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
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113
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Calascibetta AM, Mattiello S, Sanzone A, Facchinetti I, Sassi M, Beverina L. Sustainable Access to π-Conjugated Molecular Materials via Direct (Hetero)Arylation Reactions in Water and under Air. Molecules 2020; 25:E3717. [PMID: 32824058 PMCID: PMC7465621 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct (hetero)arylation (DHA) is playing a key role in improving the efficiency and atom economy of C-C cross coupling reactions, so has impacts in pharmaceutical and materials chemistry. Current research focuses on further improving the generality, efficiency and selectivity of the method through careful tuning of the reaction conditions and the catalytic system. Comparatively fewer studies are dedicated to the replacement of the high-boiling-point organic solvents dominating the field and affecting the overall sustainability of the method. We show herein that the use of a 9:1 v/v emulsion of an aqueous Kolliphor 2 wt% solution while having toluene as the reaction medium enables the preparation of relevant examples of thiophene-containing π-conjugated building blocks in high yield and purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adiel Mauro Calascibetta
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi, 55, I-20125 Milano, Italy; (A.M.C.); (A.S.); (I.F.)
| | - Sara Mattiello
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca and INSTM, Via R. Cozzi, 55, I-20125 Milano, Italy; (S.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Alessandro Sanzone
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi, 55, I-20125 Milano, Italy; (A.M.C.); (A.S.); (I.F.)
| | - Irene Facchinetti
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi, 55, I-20125 Milano, Italy; (A.M.C.); (A.S.); (I.F.)
| | - Mauro Sassi
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca and INSTM, Via R. Cozzi, 55, I-20125 Milano, Italy; (S.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Luca Beverina
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca and INSTM, Via R. Cozzi, 55, I-20125 Milano, Italy; (S.M.); (M.S.)
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114
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Perylene diimide based low band gap copolymers: synthesis, characterization and their applications in perovskite solar cells. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02212-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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115
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Su Z, Liu B, Liao H, Lin HW. Synthesis of N-Heterocycles by Reductive Cyclization of Nitroalkenes Using Molybdenum Hexacarbonyl as Carbon Monoxide Surrogate. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyou Su
- Research Center for Marine Drugs; State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes; Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 200127 Shanghai China
| | - Bo Liu
- Research Center for Marine Drugs; State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes; Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 200127 Shanghai China
| | - Hongze Liao
- Research Center for Marine Drugs; State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes; Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 200127 Shanghai China
| | - Hou-Wen Lin
- Research Center for Marine Drugs; State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes; Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 200127 Shanghai China
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116
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Sinclair GS, Kukor AJ, Imperial KKG, Schipper DJ. Transition-Metal-Free ipso-Arylative Condensation. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey S. Sinclair
- Institute for Polymer Research and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Andrew J. Kukor
- Institute for Polymer Research and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Kevin Karl G. Imperial
- Institute for Polymer Research and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Derek J. Schipper
- Institute for Polymer Research and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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117
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Mei R, Dhawa U, Samanta RC, Ma W, Wencel-Delord J, Ackermann L. Cobalt-Catalyzed Oxidative C-H Activation: Strategies and Concepts. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:3306-3356. [PMID: 32065843 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inexpensive cobalt-catalyzed oxidative C-H functionalization has emerged as a powerful tool for the construction of C-C and C-Het bonds, which offers unique potential for transformative applications to modern organic synthesis. In the early stage, these transformations typically required stoichiometric and toxic transition metals as sacrificial oxidants; thus, the formation of metal-containing waste was inevitable. In contrast, naturally abundant molecular O2 has more recently been successfully employed as a green oxidant in cobalt catalysis, thus considerably improving the sustainability of such transformations. Recently, a significant momentum was gained by the use of electricity as a sustainable and environmentally benign redox reagent in cobalt-catalyzed C-H functionalization, thereby preventing the consumption of cost-intensive chemicals while at the same time addressing the considerable safety hazards related to the use of molecular oxygen in combination with flammable organic solvents. Considering the unparalleled potential of the aforementioned approaches for sustainable green synthesis, this Review summarizes the recent progress in cobalt-catalyzed oxidative C-H activation until early 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhuai Mei
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, P. R. China
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610052, P. R. China
| | - Uttam Dhawa
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August Universität, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ramesh C Samanta
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August Universität, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wenbo Ma
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610052, P. R. China
| | - Joanna Wencel-Delord
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042), Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute Alsace, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August Universität, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 10, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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118
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Mainville M, Tremblay V, Fenniri MZ, Laventure A, Farahat ME, Ambrose R, Welch GC, Hill IG, Leclerc M. Water Compatible Direct (Hetero)arylation Polymerization of PPDT2FBT: A Pathway Towards Large‐Scale Production of Organic Solar Cells. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Mainville
- Department of ChemistryUniversité Laval 1046 Avenue de la medecine Quebec City G1V 0A6 (QC Canada
| | - Vicky Tremblay
- Department of ChemistryUniversité Laval 1046 Avenue de la medecine Quebec City G1V 0A6 (QC Canada
| | - Miriam Z. Fenniri
- Department of ChemistryUniversité Laval 1046 Avenue de la medecine Quebec City G1V 0A6 (QC Canada
| | - Audrey Laventure
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary T2N 1N4 (AB Canada
| | - Mahmoud E. Farahat
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary T2N 1N4 (AB Canada
| | - Ryan Ambrose
- Department of Physics & Atmospheric ScienceDalhousie University 6310 Coburg Road Halifax B3H 4R2 (NS Canada
| | - Gregory C. Welch
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary T2N 1N4 (AB Canada
| | - Ian G. Hill
- Department of Physics & Atmospheric ScienceDalhousie University 6310 Coburg Road Halifax B3H 4R2 (NS Canada
| | - Mario Leclerc
- Department of ChemistryUniversité Laval 1046 Avenue de la medecine Quebec City G1V 0A6 (QC Canada
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119
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Lv S, Yan X, Li C, Zhou S, Shoberu A, Zou J. Copper‐Catalyzed
sp
3
‐Carbon Radical/Halogen Radical Cross Coupling: Selective Halogenation of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai‐Shuai Lv
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Sciences Soochow University Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Xu‐Ping Yan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Sciences Soochow University Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Cheng‐Kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Sciences Soochow University Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Shao‐Fang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Sciences Soochow University Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Adedamola Shoberu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Sciences Soochow University Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Jian‐Ping Zou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Sciences Soochow University Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 China
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120
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Uegaki K, Nakabayashi K, Yamamoto SI, Koizumi T, Hayashi S. Donor-acceptor random regioregular π-conjugated copolymers based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) with unsymmetrical monothienoisoindigo units. RSC Adv 2020; 10:19034-19040. [PMID: 35518285 PMCID: PMC9053906 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03557b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Donor-acceptor π-conjugated random copolymers based on regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene), rr-P3HT, with unsymmetrical monothienoisoindigo moieties were obtained by direct arylation polycondensation of 2-bromo-3-hexylthiophene with unsymmetrical monothienoisoindigo motifs under the optimized conditions [palladium-immobilized on thiol-modified silica gel with chloride counter anions, PITS-Cl (2.5 mol%), PivOH (1.0 equiv.), K2CO3 (3.0 equiv.), DMAc, 100 °C, 24 h]. Incorporation of unsymmetrical monothienoisoindigo electron-acceptor units into the polymers tuned their highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels, which were close to those of the hole transport material (PEDOT) and electron transport material (PCBM), respectively, in thin-film organic solar cells. Alkyl chains of the unsymmetrical monothienoisoindigo units in the polymers tuned their macrostructural order, resulting in the observation of crystalline patterns and specific absorption peaks in thin films. An organic solar cell containing the most crystalline random copolymer showed an efficiency of 1.91%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Uegaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defence Academy 1-10-20 Hashirimizu Yokosuka Kanagawa 239-8686 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakabayashi
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University 4-3-16 Jonan Yonezawa Yamagata 992-8510 Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defence Academy 1-10-20 Hashirimizu Yokosuka Kanagawa 239-8686 Japan
| | - Toshio Koizumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defence Academy 1-10-20 Hashirimizu Yokosuka Kanagawa 239-8686 Japan
| | - Shotaro Hayashi
- Research Center for Molecular Design, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology 185 Miyanokuchi Kami Kochi 782-8502 Japan
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121
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Yang L, Steinbock R, Scheremetjew A, Kuniyil R, Finger LH, Messinis AM, Ackermann L. Azaruthena(II)‐bicyclo[3.2.0]heptadien: Schlüsselintermediat für Ruthenaelektro(II/III/I)‐katalysierte Alkinanellierungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie und Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable ChemistryGeorg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Ralf Steinbock
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie und Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable ChemistryGeorg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Alexej Scheremetjew
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie und Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable ChemistryGeorg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Rositha Kuniyil
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie und Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable ChemistryGeorg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Lars H. Finger
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie und Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable ChemistryGeorg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Antonis M. Messinis
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie und Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable ChemistryGeorg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie und Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable ChemistryGeorg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
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122
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Dhawa U, Tian C, Li W, Ackermann L. Cobalta-Electrocatalyzed C–H Allylation with Unactivated Alkenes. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Dhawa
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Cong Tian
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Weizhao Li
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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123
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Yang L, Steinbock R, Scheremetjew A, Kuniyil R, Finger LH, Messinis AM, Ackermann L. Azaruthena(II)-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptadiene: Key Intermediate for Ruthenaelectro(II/III/I)-catalyzed Alkyne Annulations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11130-11135. [PMID: 32129528 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A ruthenium-catalyzed electrochemical dehydrogenative annulation reaction of imidazoles with alkynes has been established, enabling the preparation of various bridgehead N-fused [5,6]-bicyclic heteroarenes through regioselective electrochemical C-H/N-H annulation without chemical metal oxidants. Novel azaruthenabicyclo[3.2.0]heptadienes were fully characterized and identified as key intermediates. Mechanistic studies are suggestive of an oxidatively induced reductive elimination pathway within a ruthenium(II/III) regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Steinbock
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexej Scheremetjew
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rositha Kuniyil
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lars H Finger
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Antonis M Messinis
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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124
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Meyer TH, Oliveira JCA, Ghorai D, Ackermann L. Mechanistische Studien zu Cobalta(III/IV/II)‐Elektrokatalyse: Oxidativ‐induzierte reduktive Eliminierung zur zweifachen C‐H‐Aktivierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tjark H. Meyer
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - João C. A. Oliveira
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Debasish Ghorai
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
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125
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Meyer TH, Oliveira JCA, Ghorai D, Ackermann L. Insights into Cobalta(III/IV/II)-Electrocatalysis: Oxidation-Induced Reductive Elimination for Twofold C-H Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10955-10960. [PMID: 32154625 PMCID: PMC7318662 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The merger of cobalt‐catalyzed C−H activation and electrosynthesis provides new avenues for resource‐economical molecular syntheses, unfortunately their reaction mechanisms remain poorly understood. Herein, we report the identification and full characterization of electrochemically generated high‐valent cobalt(III/IV) complexes as crucial intermediates in electrochemical cobalt‐catalyzed C−H oxygenations. Detailed mechanistic studies provided support for an oxidatively‐induced reductive elimination via highly‐reactive cobalt(IV) intermediates. These key insights set the stage for unprecedented cobaltaelectro two‐fold C−H/C−H activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjark H Meyer
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Gottingen, Germany
| | - João C A Oliveira
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Debasish Ghorai
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Gottingen, Germany
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126
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Muller EW, Burney‐Allen AA, Shaw J, Wheeler DL, Duzhko V, Jeffries‐EL M. Synthesis of 1,6‐
didecylnaphtho
[1,2‐
b
:5,6‐
b
']
difuran‐based
copolymers by direct heteroarylation polymerization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evan W. Muller
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | | | - Jessica Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - David L. Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Volodimyr Duzhko
- Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts USA
| | - Malika Jeffries‐EL
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA
- Division of Materials Science and EngineeringBoston University Boston Massachusetts USA
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127
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Hou P, Oechsle P, Kuckling D, Paradies J. Palladium‐Catalyzed Polycondensation for the Synthesis of Poly(Aryl)Sulfides. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000067. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hou
- Department of Chemistry Paderborn University Warburger Strasse 100 Paderborn D‐33098 Germany
| | - Peter Oechsle
- Department of Chemistry Paderborn University Warburger Strasse 100 Paderborn D‐33098 Germany
| | - Dirk Kuckling
- Department of Chemistry Paderborn University Warburger Strasse 100 Paderborn D‐33098 Germany
| | - Jan Paradies
- Department of Chemistry Paderborn University Warburger Strasse 100 Paderborn D‐33098 Germany
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128
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Liu JT, Hase H, Taylor S, Salzmann I, Forgione P. Approaching the Integer‐Charge Transfer Regime in Molecularly Doped Oligothiophenes by Efficient Decarboxylative Cross‐Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Tian Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Concordia University 7141 rue Sherbrooke O. Montréal QC H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Hannes Hase
- Department of Physics Concordia University 7141 rue Sherbrooke O. Montréal QC H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Sarah Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Concordia University 7141 rue Sherbrooke O. Montréal QC H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Ingo Salzmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Concordia University 7141 rue Sherbrooke O. Montréal QC H4B 1R6 Canada
- Department of Physics Concordia University 7141 rue Sherbrooke O. Montréal QC H4B 1R6 Canada
- Centre for Research in Molecular Modeling (CERMM) Centre for NanoScience Research (CeNSR) Concordia University 7141 rue Sherbrooke O. Montreal QC H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Pat Forgione
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Concordia University 7141 rue Sherbrooke O. Montréal QC H4B 1R6 Canada
- Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis McGill University 801 rue Sherbrooke O. Montréal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
- Centre for Research in Molecular Modeling (CERMM) Centre for NanoScience Research (CeNSR) Concordia University 7141 rue Sherbrooke O. Montreal QC H4B 1R6 Canada
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129
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Tian C, Meyer TH, Stangier M, Dhawa U, Rauch K, Finger LH, Ackermann L. Cobaltaelectro-catalyzed C-H activation for resource-economical molecular syntheses. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:1760-1774. [PMID: 32296151 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-0306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The direct cleavage of otherwise inert C-H bonds has emerged as a sustainable approach for organic synthesis; in contrast to other approaches, these reactions result in the formation of fewer undesired by-products and do not require pre-functionalization steps. In recent years, oxidative C-H/N-H alkyne annulations and C-H oxygenations were realized by 3d metals. Unfortunately, most of these reactions require stoichiometric amounts of often toxic chemical oxidants. This protocol provides a general method for cobaltaelectro-catalyzed C-H activations of benzamides. Here, anodic oxidation obviates the need for a chemical oxidant and uses 10-20% of a more environmentally benign, inexpensive catalyst. We outline a detailed and precise description of the designed electrolytic cell for metallaelectrocatalysis, including readily available electrode materials and electrode holders. The custom-made device is further compared with the commercially available and standardized ElectraSyn 2.0 electrochemistry kit. As example applications of this approach, we describe cobaltaelectro-catalyzed C-H activation protocols for the direct C-H oxygenation of benzamides and resource-economical synthesis of isoquinolones. The cobaltaelectrocatalysis setup and reaction take about 17 h, while an additional 5 h have to be anticipated for workup and chromatographic purification. The methods described herein feature broad functional group tolerance, operational simplicity, low waste-product formation and an overall exceptional level of resource economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Tian
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tjark H Meyer
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Stangier
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Uttam Dhawa
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karsten Rauch
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lars H Finger
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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130
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Mayhugh AL, Luscombe CK. Room-temperature Pd/Ag direct arylation enabled by a radical pathway. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:384-390. [PMID: 32256854 PMCID: PMC7082708 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct arylation is an appealing method for preparing π-conjugated materials, avoiding the prefunctionalization required for traditional cross-coupling methods. A major effort in organic electronic materials development is improving the environmental and economic impact of production; direct arylation polymerization (DArP) is an effective method to achieve these goals. Room-temperature polymerization would further improve the cost and energy efficiencies required to prepare these materials. Reported herein is new mechanistic work studying the underlying mechanism of room temperature direct arylation between iodobenzene and indole. Results indicate that room-temperature, Pd/Ag-catalyzed direct arylation systems are radical-mediated. This is in contrast to the commonly proposed two-electron mechanisms for direct arylation and appears to extend to other substrates such as benzo[b]thiophene and pentafluorobenzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Mayhugh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Christine K Luscombe
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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131
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Rangel M, Güizado-Rodríguez M, Maldonado JL, Olayo-Valles R, Barba V, Reveles JU. Eco-friendly synthesis of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) by direct arylation polymerization: Analysis of the properties that determine its performance in BHJ solar cells. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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132
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Ganguly A, He K, Hendsbee AD, Abdelsamie M, Bennett RN, Li Y, Toney MF, Kelly TL. Synthesis of Poly(bisisoindigo) Using a Metal-Free Aldol Polymerization for Thin-Film Transistor Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:14265-14271. [PMID: 32118407 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b23064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Typical syntheses of conjugated polymers rely heavily on organometallic reagents and metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Here, we show that an environmentally benign aldol polymerization can be used to synthesize poly(bisisoindigo), an analog of polyisoindigo with a ring-fused structural repeat unit. Owing to its extended conjugation length, poly(bisisoindigo) absorbs across the UV/vis/NIR spectrum, with an absorption tail that reaches 1000 nm. Due to the four electron-deficient lactam units on each repeat unit, poly(bisoindigo) possesses a low-lying LUMO, which lies at -3.94 eV relative to vacuum. Incorporation of the ring-fused monomer unit also lowered the overall torsional strain in the polymer backbone (relative to polyisoindigo), and the polymer was successfully used in prototype unipolar n-channel organic thin-film transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindya Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Keqiang He
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Arthur D Hendsbee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Maged Abdelsamie
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Raymond N Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Yuning Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Michael F Toney
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Timothy L Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
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133
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Lin Y, Sun H, Yang H, Lai Y, Hou K, Liu Y. Aqueous Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation Polymerization of 2‐Bromothiophene Derivatives. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000021. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Jen Lin
- Institute of Polymer Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Han‐Sheng Sun
- Institute of Polymer Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Hau‐Ren Yang
- Institute of Polymer Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Ying Lai
- Institute of Polymer Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Kai‐Yuan Hou
- Institute of Polymer Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Hung Liu
- Instrumentation CenterNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
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134
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Sassi M, Mattiello S, Beverina L. Syntheses of Organic Semiconductors in Water. Recent Advancement in the Surfactants Enhanced Green Access to Polyconjugated Molecules. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Sassi
- Department of Materials Science and INSTM; University of Milano-Bicocca; Via R. Cozzi 55 20125 Milano Italy
| | - Sara Mattiello
- Department of Materials Science and INSTM; University of Milano-Bicocca; Via R. Cozzi 55 20125 Milano Italy
| | - Luca Beverina
- Department of Materials Science and INSTM; University of Milano-Bicocca; Via R. Cozzi 55 20125 Milano Italy
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135
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Zhu C, Kuniyil R, Jei BB, Ackermann L. Domino C–H Activation/Directing Group Migration/Alkyne Annulation: Unique Selectivity by d6-Cobalt(III) Catalysts. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b05413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cuiju Zhu
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rositha Kuniyil
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Becky B. Jei
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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136
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Liu JT, Hase H, Taylor S, Salzmann I, Forgione P. Approaching the Integer-Charge Transfer Regime in Molecularly Doped Oligothiophenes by Efficient Decarboxylative Cross-Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7146-7153. [PMID: 31961982 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A library of symmetrical linear oligothiophene was prepared employing decarboxylative cross-coupling reaction as the key transformation. Thiophene potassium carboxylate salts were used as cross-coupling partners without the need of co-catalyst, base, or additives. This method demonstrates complete chemoselectivity and is a comprehensive greener approach compared to the existing methods. The modularity of this approach is demonstrated with the preparation of discreet oligothiophenes with up to 10 thiophene repeat units. Symmetrical oligothiophenes are prototypical organic semiconductors where their molecular electrical doping as a function of the chain length can be assessed spectroscopically. An oligothiophene critical length for integer charge transfer was observed to be 10 thiophene units, highlighting the potential use of discrete oligothiophenes as doped conduction or injection layers in organic electronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Tian Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, 7141 rue Sherbrooke O., Montréal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Hannes Hase
- Department of Physics, Concordia University, 7141 rue Sherbrooke O., Montréal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Sarah Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, 7141 rue Sherbrooke O., Montréal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Ingo Salzmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, 7141 rue Sherbrooke O., Montréal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada.,Department of Physics, Concordia University, 7141 rue Sherbrooke O., Montréal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada.,Centre for Research in Molecular Modeling (CERMM), Centre for NanoScience Research (CeNSR), Concordia University, 7141 rue Sherbrooke O., Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Pat Forgione
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, 7141 rue Sherbrooke O., Montréal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada.,Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 rue Sherbrooke O., Montréal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada.,Centre for Research in Molecular Modeling (CERMM), Centre for NanoScience Research (CeNSR), Concordia University, 7141 rue Sherbrooke O., Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
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137
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Meyer TH, Chesnokov GA, Ackermann L. Cobalta-Electrocatalyzed C-H Activation in Biomass-Derived Glycerol: Powered by Renewable Wind and Solar Energy. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:668-671. [PMID: 31917522 PMCID: PMC7065255 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous glycerol was identified as a renewable reaction medium for metalla-electrocatalyzed C-H activation powered by sustainable energy sources. The renewable solvent was employed for cobalt-catalyzed C-H/N-H functionalizations under mild conditions. The cobalta-electrocatalysis manifold occurred with high levels of chemo- and positional selectivity and allowed for electrochemical C-H activations with broad substrate scope. The resource economy of this strategy was considerably substantiated by the direct use of renewable solar and wind energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjark H. Meyer
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Gleb A. Chesnokov
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
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138
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Lai Y, Yang H, Lee H, Tsai T, Sun H. In vitro and In silico Studies on the Base Effect in Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Ying Lai
- Institute of Polymer Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Hau‐Ren Yang
- Institute of Polymer Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Hao‐Ting Lee
- Institute of Polymer Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Tien‐Liang Tsai
- Institute of Polymer Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Han‐Sheng Sun
- Institute of Polymer Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
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139
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Pollit AA, Ye S, Seferos DS. Elucidating the Role of Catalyst Steric and Electronic Effects in Controlling the Synthesis of π-Conjugated Polymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam A. Pollit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Shuyang Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dwight S. Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
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140
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Bilger D, Park KW, Abdel-Maksoud A, Andrew TL. Guaiazulene revisited: a new material for green-processed optoelectronics. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01355b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative polymerization of naturally-derived guaiazulene with earth-abundant iron oxidants produces a low bandgap polymer for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bilger
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Amherst
- Amherst
- USA
| | - Kwang-Won Park
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Amherst
- Amherst
- USA
| | - Ali Abdel-Maksoud
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- University of Massachusetts Amherst
- Amherst
- USA
| | - Trisha L. Andrew
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Amherst
- Amherst
- USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Massachusetts Amherst
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141
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Kempe F, Riehle F, Komber H, Matsidik R, Walter M, Sommer M. Semifluorinated, kinked polyarylenes via direct arylation polycondensation. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00973c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Tg of semifluorinated polyarylenes made via DAP is varied between 35–195 °C depending on side chain, but solubilities are much less side chain dependent. This is explained by interactions between alkoxyphenyl and tetrafluorobenzene units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Kempe
- Chemnitz University of Technology
- 09111 Chemnitz
- Germany
| | - Felix Riehle
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry
- University of Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | | | - Michael Walter
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)
- University of Freiburg
- 79110 Freiburg
- Germany
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142
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Yadav P, Patra A. Recent advances in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxyselenophene) and related polymers. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01191f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the recent progress in synthesis, properties, applications and future outlook of PEDOS based conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Yadav
- Photovoltaic Metrology Section
- Advanced Materials & Device Metrology Division
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- New Delhi-110012
- India
| | - Asit Patra
- Photovoltaic Metrology Section
- Advanced Materials & Device Metrology Division
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- New Delhi-110012
- India
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143
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Pankow RM, Thompson BC. Approaches for improving the sustainability of conjugated polymer synthesis using direct arylation polymerization (DArP). Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01534e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Emerging strategies to enhance the sustainability of Direct Arylation Polymerization (DArP) are discussed, illustrating the great potential of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Pankow
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Barry C. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
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144
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Amna B, Siddiqi HM, Hassan A, Ozturk T. Recent developments in the synthesis of regioregular thiophene-based conjugated polymers for electronic and optoelectronic applications using nickel and palladium-based catalytic systems. RSC Adv 2020; 10:4322-4396. [PMID: 35495258 PMCID: PMC9049189 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09712k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiophene-based conjugated polymers are important conjugated polymers due to their exceptional optical and conductive properties, over the past few decades many researchers have designed novel strategies to reach more efficient materials for electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Amna
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
- Istanbul Technical University
| | | | - Abbas Hassan
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
| | - Turan Ozturk
- Istanbul Technical University
- Department of Chemistry
- 34469 Maslak
- Turkey
- TUBITAK-UME
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145
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Zhao C, Yang F, Xia D, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Yan N, You S, Li W. Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione-based conjugated polymers for organic solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:10394-10408. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04150e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) based conjugated polymers as an electron donor, acceptor and single-component for application in organic solar cells in the past ten years have been intensively reviewed in this Feature Article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Zhao
- Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Jiangxi Academy of Sciences
- Nanchang 330096
- P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Shandong Normal University
- Jinan 250014
| | - Dongdong Xia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Jiangxi Academy of Sciences
- Nanchang 330096
- P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
| | - Yuefeng Zhang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Jiangxi Academy of Sciences
- Nanchang 330096
- P. R. China
| | - Nanfu Yan
- Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Jiangxi Academy of Sciences
- Nanchang 330096
- P. R. China
| | - Shengyong You
- Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Jiangxi Academy of Sciences
- Nanchang 330096
- P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Jiangxi Academy of Sciences
- Nanchang 330096
- P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites
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146
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Wakioka M, Morita H, Ichihara N, Saito M, Osaka I, Ozawa F. Mixed-Ligand Approach to Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Arylation Polymerization: Synthesis of Donor–Acceptor Polymers Containing Unsubstituted Bithiophene Units. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Wakioka
- International Research Center for Elements Science (IRCELS), Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hazuki Morita
- International Research Center for Elements Science (IRCELS), Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Nobuko Ichihara
- International Research Center for Elements Science (IRCELS), Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masahiko Saito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Itaru Osaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Ozawa
- International Research Center for Elements Science (IRCELS), Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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147
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Zhu C, Stangier M, Oliveira JCA, Massignan L, Ackermann L. Iron-Electrocatalyzed C-H Arylations: Mechanistic Insights into Oxidation-Induced Reductive Elimination for Ferraelectrocatalysis. Chemistry 2019; 25:16382-16389. [PMID: 31658385 PMCID: PMC6972497 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite major advances, organometallic C-H transformations are dominated by precious 5d and 4d transition metals, such as iridium, palladium and rhodium. In contrast, the unique potential of less toxic Earth-abundant 3d metals has been underexplored. While iron is the most naturally abundant transition metal, its use in oxidative, organometallic C-H activation has faced major limitations due to the need for superstoichiometric amounts of corrosive, cost-intensive DCIB as the sacrificial oxidant. To fully address these restrictions, we describe herein the unprecedented merger of electrosynthesis with iron-catalyzed C-H activation through oxidation-induced reductive elimination. Thus, ferra- and manganaelectro-catalyzed C-H arylations were accomplished at mild reaction temperatures with ample scope by the action of sustainable iron catalysts, employing electricity as a benign oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiju Zhu
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Maximilian Stangier
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - João C. A. Oliveira
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Leonardo Massignan
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
- Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
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148
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Han T, Yao Z, Qiu Z, Zhao Z, Wu K, Wang J, Poon AW, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. Photoresponsive spiro-polymers generated in situ by C-H-activated polyspiroannulation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5483. [PMID: 31792223 PMCID: PMC6889291 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13308-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of facile and efficient polymerizations toward functional polymers with unique structures and attractive properties is of great academic and industrial significance. Here we develop a straightforward C-H-activated polyspiroannulation route to in situ generate photoresponsive spiro-polymers with complex structures. The palladium(II)-catalyzed stepwise polyspiroannulations of free naphthols and internal diynes proceed efficiently in dimethylsulfoxide at 120 °C without the constraint of apparent stoichiometric balance in monomers. A series of functional polymers with multisubstituted spiro-segments and absolute molecular weights of up to 39,000 are produced in high yields (up to 99%). The obtained spiro-polymers can be readily fabricated into different well-resolved fluorescent photopatterns with both turn-off and turn-on modes based on their photoinduced fluorescence change. Taking advantage of their photoresponsive refractive index, we successfully apply the polymer thin films in integrated silicon photonics techniques and achieve the permanent modification of resonance wavelengths of microring resonators by UV irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Han
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China.,Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.,Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zhanshi Yao
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zijie Qiu
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China.,Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China.,Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kaiyi Wu
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China.,Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrew W Poon
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China. .,Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China. .,Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. .,Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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149
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Kong WJ, Finger LH, Messinis AM, Kuniyil R, Oliveira JCA, Ackermann L. Flow Rhodaelectro-Catalyzed Alkyne Annulations by Versatile C-H Activation: Mechanistic Support for Rhodium(III/IV). J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17198-17206. [PMID: 31549815 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A flow-metallaelectro-catalyzed C-H activation was realized in terms of robust rhodaelectro-catalyzed alkyne annulations. To this end, a modular electro-flow cell with a porous graphite felt anode was designed to ensure efficient turnover. Thereby, a variety of C-H/N-H functionalizations proved amenable for alkyne annulations with high levels of regioselectivity and functional group tolerance, viable in both an inter- or intramolecular manner. The electro-flow C-H activation allowed easy scale up, while in-operando kinetic analysis was accomplished by online flow-NMR spectroscopy. Mechanistic studies suggest an oxidatively induced reductive elimination pathway on rhodium(III) in an electrocatalytic regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jun Kong
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstrasse 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Lars H Finger
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstrasse 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Antonis M Messinis
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstrasse 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Rositha Kuniyil
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstrasse 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - João C A Oliveira
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstrasse 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstrasse 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
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150
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Adamczak D, Komber H, Illy A, Scaccabarozzi AD, Caironi M, Sommer M. Indacenodithiophene Homopolymers via Direct Arylation: Direct Polycondensation versus Polymer Analogous Reaction Pathways. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Adamczak
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Illy
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Alberto D. Scaccabarozzi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Caironi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Michael Sommer
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
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