Kammer LM, Rahman A, Opatz T. A Visible Light-Driven Minisci-Type Reaction with N-Hydroxyphthalimide Esters.
Molecules 2018;
23:molecules23040764. [PMID:
29584642 PMCID:
PMC6017455 DOI:
10.3390/molecules23040764]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A visible light-promoted protocol for the redox-neutral coupling of N-hydroxyphthalimide esters with different N-heterocyclic compounds is described. The reaction proceeds through an alkyl radical intermediate generated by reductive decarboxylation of N-hydroxyphthalimide esters. In contrast to the original Minisci protocol, polyalkylation can largely be avoided. Mechanistic investigations revealed a radical chain mechanism which in some cases can proceed even if no photocatalyst is added. This valuable and functional group-tolerant reaction produces substituted heterocycles in moderate to excellent yield. The use of inexpensive starting materials and LEDs as the light source are key features of this C–C bond formation.
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