101
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Dabbagh SR, Becher E, Ghaderinezhad F, Havlucu H, Ozcan O, Ozkan M, Yetisen AK, Tasoglu S. Increasing the packing density of assays in paper-based microfluidic devices. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2021; 15:011502. [PMID: 33569089 PMCID: PMC7864678 DOI: 10.1063/5.0042816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Paper-based devices have a wide range of applications in point-of-care diagnostics, environmental analysis, and food monitoring. Paper-based devices can be deployed to resource-limited countries and remote settings in developed countries. Paper-based point-of-care devices can provide access to diagnostic assays without significant user training to perform the tests accurately and timely. The market penetration of paper-based assays requires decreased device fabrication costs, including larger packing density of assays (i.e., closely packed features) and minimization of assay reagents. In this review, we discuss fabrication methods that allow for increasing packing density and generating closely packed features in paper-based devices. To ensure that the paper-based device is low-cost, advanced fabrication methods have been developed for the mass production of closely packed assays. These emerging methods will enable minimizing the volume of required samples (e.g., liquid biopsies) and reagents in paper-based microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elaina Becher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Fariba Ghaderinezhad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Hayati Havlucu
- Koç University Arçelik Research Center for Creative Industries (KUAR), Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Ozcan
- Koç University Arçelik Research Center for Creative Industries (KUAR), Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Mehmed Ozkan
- Boğaziçi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Çengelköy, Istanbul 34684, Turkey
| | - Ali Kemal Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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102
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Julian T, Hidayat SN, Rianjanu A, Dharmawan AB, Wasisto HS, Triyana K. Intelligent Mobile Electronic Nose System Comprising a Hybrid Polymer-Functionalized Quartz Crystal Microbalance Sensor Array. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:29492-29503. [PMID: 33225180 PMCID: PMC7676330 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We devised a low-cost mobile electronic nose (e-nose) system using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor array functionalized with various polymer-based thin active films (i.e., polyacrylonitrile, poly(vinylidene fluoride), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), and poly(vinyl acetate)). It works based on the gravimetric detection principle, where the additional mass of the adsorbed molecules on the polymer surface can induce QCM resonance frequency shifts. To collect and process the obtained sensing data sets, a multichannel data acquisition (DAQ) circuitry was developed and calibrated using a function generator resulting in a device frequency resolution of 0.5 Hz. Four prepared QCM sensors demonstrated various sensitivity levels with high reproducibility and consistency under exposure to seven different volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Moreover, two types of machine learning algorithms (i.e., linear discriminant analysis and support vector machine models) were employed to differentiate and classify those tested analytes, in which classification accuracies of up to 98 and 99% could be obtained, respectively. This high-performance e-nose system is expected to be used as a versatile sensing platform for performing reliable qualitative and quantitative analyses in complex gaseous mixtures containing numerous VOCs for early disease diagnosis and environmental quality monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisna Julian
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, PO Box BLS 21, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- PT.
Nanosense Instrument Indonesia, Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta 55167, Indonesia
| | - Shidiq Nur Hidayat
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, PO Box BLS 21, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- PT.
Nanosense Instrument Indonesia, Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta 55167, Indonesia
| | - Aditya Rianjanu
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Institut Teknologi
Sumatera, Terusan Ryacudu,
Way Hui, Jati Agung, Lampung 35365, Indonesia
- Research
and Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Terusan
Ryacudu, Way Hui, Jati Agung, Lampung 35365, Indonesia
| | - Agus Budi Dharmawan
- Institute
of Semiconductor Technology (IHT), Technische
Universität Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Straße 66, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
- Laboratory
for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Technische
Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 6, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
- Faculty of
Information Technology, Universitas Tarumanagara, Jl. Letjen S. Parman No. 1, Jakarta 11440, Indonesia
| | - Hutomo Suryo Wasisto
- Institute
of Semiconductor Technology (IHT), Technische
Universität Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Straße 66, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
- Laboratory
for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Technische
Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 6, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Kuwat Triyana
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, PO Box BLS 21, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Institute
of Halal Industry and System (IHIS), Universitas
Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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103
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Lu JY, You B, Wang JY, Jhuo SS, Hung TY, Yu CP. Volatile Gas Sensing through Terahertz Pipe Waveguide. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20216268. [PMID: 33153176 PMCID: PMC7662959 DOI: 10.3390/s20216268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gas sensing to recognize volatile liquids is successfully conducted through pipe-guided terahertz (THz) radiation in a reflective and label-free manner. The hollow core of a pipe waveguide can efficiently deliver the sensing probe of the THz confined waveguide fields to any place where dangerous vapors exist. Target vapors that naturally diffuse from a sample site into the pipe core can be detected based on strong interaction between the probe and analyte. The power variation of the THz reflectance spectrum in response to various types and densities of vapors are characterized experimentally using a glass pipe. The most sensitive THz frequency of the pipe waveguide can recognize vapors with a resolution at a low part-per-million level. The investigation found that the sensitivity of the pipe-waveguide sensing scheme is dependent on the vapor absorption strength, which is strongly related to the molecular amount and properties including the dipole moment and mass of a gas molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja-Yu Lu
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (J.-Y.W.); (S.-S.J.)
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.L.); (B.Y.)
| | - Borwen You
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.L.); (B.Y.)
| | - Jiun-You Wang
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (J.-Y.W.); (S.-S.J.)
| | - Sheng-Syong Jhuo
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (J.-Y.W.); (S.-S.J.)
| | - Tun-Yao Hung
- Department of Photonics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (T.-Y.H.); (C.-P.Y.)
| | - Chin-Ping Yu
- Department of Photonics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (T.-Y.H.); (C.-P.Y.)
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104
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Garg N, Kumar M, Kumari N, Deep A, Sharma AL. Chemoresistive Room-Temperature Sensing of Ammonia Using Zeolite Imidazole Framework and Reduced Graphene Oxide (ZIF-67/rGO) Composite. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:27492-27501. [PMID: 33134712 PMCID: PMC7594151 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present work demonstrates the application of a composite of the zeolite imidazole framework (ZIF-67) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), synthesized via a simple hydrothermal route for the sensitive sensing of ammonia. The successful synthesis of ZIF-67 and rGO composite was confirmed with structural and spectroscopic characterizations. A porous structure and a high surface area (1080 m2 g-1) of the composite indicate its suitability as a gas sensing material. The composite material was coated as a thin film onto interdigitated gold electrodes. The sensor displays a change in its chemoresistive property (i.e., resistance) in the presence of ammonia (NH3) gas. A sensor response of 1.22 ± 0.02 [standard deviation (sd)] is measured for 20 ppm of NH3, while it shows a value of 4.77 ± 0.15 (sd) for 50 ppm of NH3. The fabricated sensor is reproducible and offers a stable response, while also providing tolerance against humidity and some other volatile compounds. The average response and recovery times of the sensor, for 50 ppm NH3 concentration, are found to be 46.5 ± 2.12 (sd) and 66.5 ± 2.12 (sd) s, respectively. The limit of detection of the sensor was found to be 74 ppb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naini Garg
- CSIR-Central
Scientific Instruments Organisation, Sector 30-C, Chandigarh 160030, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- CSIR-Central
Scientific Instruments Organisation, Sector 30-C, Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Neelam Kumari
- CSIR-Central
Scientific Instruments Organisation, Sector 30-C, Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Akash Deep
- CSIR-Central
Scientific Instruments Organisation, Sector 30-C, Chandigarh 160030, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Amit L. Sharma
- CSIR-Central
Scientific Instruments Organisation, Sector 30-C, Chandigarh 160030, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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105
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Ye W, Tu Z, Xiao X, Simeone A, Yan J, Wu T, Wu F, Zheng C, Tittel FK. A NDIR Mid-Infrared Methane Sensor with a Compact Pentahedron Gas-Cell. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20195461. [PMID: 32977569 PMCID: PMC7583754 DOI: 10.3390/s20195461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve the performance of the large divergence angle mid-infrared source in gas sensing, this paper aims at developing a methane (CH4) sensor with non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) technology using a compact pentahedron gas-cell. A paraboloid concentrator, two biconvex lenses and five planar mirrors were used to set up the pentahedron structure. The gas cell is endowed with a 170 mm optical path length with a volume of 19.8 mL. The mathematical model of the cross-section and the three-dimension spiral structure of the pentahedron gas-cell were established. The gas-cell was integrated with a mid-infrared light source and a detector as the optical part of the sensor. Concerning the electrical part, a STM32F429 was employed as a microcontroller to generate the driving signal for the IR source, and the signal from the detector was sampled by an analog-to-digital converter. A static volumetric method was employed for the experimental setup, and 20 different concentration CH4 samples were prepared to study the sensor’s evaluation, which revealed a 1σ detection limit of 2.96 parts-per-million (ppm) with a 43 s averaging time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Engineering, Shantou University, 243 Daxue Road, Shantou 515063, China; (W.Y.); (Z.T.); (X.X.); (A.S.); (J.Y.); (T.W.)
| | - Zihan Tu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Engineering, Shantou University, 243 Daxue Road, Shantou 515063, China; (W.Y.); (Z.T.); (X.X.); (A.S.); (J.Y.); (T.W.)
| | - Xupeng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Engineering, Shantou University, 243 Daxue Road, Shantou 515063, China; (W.Y.); (Z.T.); (X.X.); (A.S.); (J.Y.); (T.W.)
| | - Alessandro Simeone
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Engineering, Shantou University, 243 Daxue Road, Shantou 515063, China; (W.Y.); (Z.T.); (X.X.); (A.S.); (J.Y.); (T.W.)
| | - Jingwen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Engineering, Shantou University, 243 Daxue Road, Shantou 515063, China; (W.Y.); (Z.T.); (X.X.); (A.S.); (J.Y.); (T.W.)
| | - Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Engineering, Shantou University, 243 Daxue Road, Shantou 515063, China; (W.Y.); (Z.T.); (X.X.); (A.S.); (J.Y.); (T.W.)
| | - Fupei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Engineering, Shantou University, 243 Daxue Road, Shantou 515063, China; (W.Y.); (Z.T.); (X.X.); (A.S.); (J.Y.); (T.W.)
- Correspondence: (F.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chuantao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
- Correspondence: (F.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Frank K. Tittel
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA;
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106
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Synthesis of ZnO@poly-o-methoxyaniline nanosheet composite for enhanced NH 3-sensing performance at room temperature. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:510. [PMID: 32833097 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04513-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Poly-o-methoxyaniline (POMA) and zinc oxide (ZnO) composites were prepared via in situ polymerization and characterized by thermogravimetry thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and N2 sorption measurement. The composites show different morphology when the ratio of POMA and ZnO varies. At a ratio of 2:2, the composite shows thinner nanosheet structure with smooth surface and exhibits best response to NH3 at room temperature. The ZnO@POMA nanosheet sensor shows good selectivity and a wide response range (linear ranges from 0.05-1 pmm and 10-100 ppm of NH3). The lowest detection limit reaches 0.05 ppm. The sensor exhibits good reversibility. Based on the testing results of ultraviolet diffuse reflection spectroscopy and Kelvin probe technique, the adsorption and desorption of NH3 molecules on the sensing material and the formation of p-n heterostructure between ZnO and POMA and their synergistic effects are further explained. More importantly, the sensor possessed excellent moisture resistance. The overall test results of ZnO@POMA show that the sensor has good practical applicability for detecting trace NH3 at room temperature. Graphical abstract.
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