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Welle EJ, Patel PR, Woods JE, Petrossians A, della Valle E, Vega-Medina A, Richie JM, Cai D, Weiland JD, Chestek CA. Ultra-small carbon fiber electrode recording site optimization and improved in vivo chronic recording yield. J Neural Eng 2020; 17:026037. [PMID: 32209743 PMCID: PMC10771280 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab8343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Carbon fiber electrodes may enable better long-term brain implants, minimizing the tissue response commonly seen with silicon-based electrodes. The small diameter fiber may enable high-channel count brain-machine interfaces capable of reproducing dexterous movements. Past carbon fiber electrodes exhibited both high fidelity single unit recordings and a healthy neuronal population immediately adjacent to the recording site. However, the recording yield of our carbon fiber arrays chronically implanted in the brain typically hovered around 30%, for previously unknown reasons. In this paper we investigated fabrication process modifications aimed at increasing recording yield and longevity. APPROACH We tested a new cutting method using a 532nm laser against traditional scissor methods for the creation of the electrode recording site. We verified the efficacy of improved recording sites with impedance measurements and in vivo array recording yield. Additionally, we tested potentially longer-lasting coating alternatives to PEDOT:pTS, including PtIr and oxygen plasma etching. New coatings were evaluated with accelerated soak testing and acute recording. MAIN RESULTS We found that the laser created a consistent, sustainable 257 ± 13.8 µm2 electrode with low 1 kHz impedance (19 ± 4 kΩ with PEDOT:pTS) and low fiber-to-fiber variability. The PEDOT:pTS coated laser cut fibers were found to have high recording yield in acute (97% > 100 µV pp , N = 34 fibers) and chronic (84% > 100 µV pp , day 7; 71% > 100 µV pp , day 63, N = 45 fibers) settings. The laser cut recording sites were good platforms for the PtIr coating and oxygen plasma etching, slowing the increase in 1 kHz impedance compared to PEDOT:pTS in an accelerated soak test. SIGNIFICANCE We have found that laser cut carbon fibers have a high recording yield that can be maintained for over two months in vivo and that alternative coatings perform better than PEDOT:pTS in accelerated aging tests. This work provides evidence to support carbon fiber arrays as a viable approach to high-density, clinically-feasible brain-machine interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa J Welle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Paras R Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Joshua E Woods
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | | | - Elena della Valle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Alexis Vega-Medina
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Julianna M Richie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Dawen Cai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - James D Weiland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Platinum Group Coatings, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
- Robotics Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Cynthia A Chestek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Robotics Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
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102
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Fusco L, Gazzi A, Peng G, Shin Y, Vranic S, Bedognetti D, Vitale F, Yilmazer A, Feng X, Fadeel B, Casiraghi C, Delogu LG. Graphene and other 2D materials: a multidisciplinary analysis to uncover the hidden potential as cancer theranostics. Theranostics 2020; 10:5435-5488. [PMID: 32373222 PMCID: PMC7196289 DOI: 10.7150/thno.40068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer represents one of the main causes of death in the world; hence the development of more specific approaches for its diagnosis and treatment is urgently needed in clinical practice. Here we aim at providing a comprehensive review on the use of 2-dimensional materials (2DMs) in cancer theranostics. In particular, we focus on graphene-related materials (GRMs), graphene hybrids, and graphdiyne (GDY), as well as other emerging 2DMs, such as MXene, tungsten disulfide (WS2), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), black phosphorus (BP), silicene, antimonene (AM), germanene, biotite (black mica), metal organic frameworks (MOFs), and others. The results reported in the scientific literature in the last ten years (>200 papers) are dissected here with respect to the wide variety of combinations of imaging methodologies and therapeutic approaches, including drug/gene delivery, photothermal/photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, and immunotherapy. We provide a unique multidisciplinary approach in discussing the literature, which also includes a detailed section on the characterization methods used to analyze the material properties, highlighting the merits and limitations of the different approaches. The aim of this review is to show the strong potential of 2DMs for use as cancer theranostics, as well as to highlight issues that prevent the clinical translation of these materials. Overall, we hope to shed light on the hidden potential of the vast panorama of new and emerging 2DMs as clinical cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fusco
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
- Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arianna Gazzi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Guotao Peng
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yuyoung Shin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sandra Vranic
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Flavia Vitale
- Department of Neurology, Bioengineering, Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Acelya Yilmazer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cinzia Casiraghi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lucia Gemma Delogu
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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103
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Zhang X, Jing Q, Ao S, Schneider GF, Kireev D, Zhang Z, Fu W. Ultrasensitive Field-Effect Biosensors Enabled by the Unique Electronic Properties of Graphene. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1902820. [PMID: 31592577 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a critical overview of current developments on nanoelectronic biochemical sensors based on graphene. Composed of a single layer of conjugated carbon atoms, graphene has outstanding high carrier mobility and low intrinsic electrical noise, but a chemically inert surface. Surface functionalization is therefore crucial to unravel graphene sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of targeted analytes. To achieve optimal performance of graphene transistors for biochemical sensing, the tuning of the graphene surface properties via surface functionalization and passivation is highlighted, as well as the tuning of its electrical operation by utilizing multifrequency ambipolar configuration and a high frequency measurement scheme to overcome the Debye screening to achieve low noise and highly sensitive detection. Potential applications and prospectives of ultrasensitive graphene electronic biochemical sensors ranging from environmental monitoring and food safety, healthcare and medical diagnosis, to life science research, are presented as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Qiushi Jing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Shaw Technical Science Building, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Shen Ao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Shaw Technical Science Building, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Grégory F Schneider
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitry Kireev
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78757, USA
| | - Zhengjun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Shaw Technical Science Building, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Wangyang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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104
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Li S, Ma L, Zhou M, Li Y, Xia Y, Fan X, Cheng C, Luo H. New opportunities for emerging 2D materials in bioelectronics and biosensors. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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105
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Pan S, Yin J, Yu L, Zhang C, Zhu Y, Gao Y, Chen Y. 2D MXene-Integrated 3D-Printing Scaffolds for Augmented Osteosarcoma Phototherapy and Accelerated Tissue Reconstruction. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1901511. [PMID: 31993282 PMCID: PMC6974945 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The residual of malignant tumor cells and lack of bone-tissue integration are the two critical concerns of bone-tumor recurrence and surgical failure. In this work, the rational integration of 2D Ti3C2 MXene is reported with 3D-printing bioactive glass (BG) scaffolds for achieving concurrent bone-tumor killing by photonic hyperthermia and bone-tissue regeneration by bioactive scaffolds. The designed composite scaffolds take the unique feature of high photothermal conversion of integrated 2D Ti3C2 MXene for inducing bone-tumor ablation by near infrared-triggered photothermal hyperthermia, which has achieved the complete tumor eradication on in vivo bone-tumor xenografts. Importantly, the rational integration of 2D Ti3C2 MXene is demonstrated to efficiently accelerate the in vivo growth of newborn bone tissue of the composite BG scaffolds. The dual functionality of bone-tumor killing and bone-tissue regeneration makes these Ti3C2 MXene-integrated composite scaffolds highly promising for the treatment of bone tumors, which also substantially broadens the biomedical applications of 2D MXenes in tissue engineering, especially on the treatment of bone tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Pan
- State Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093P. R. China
| | - Junhui Yin
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghai200233P. R. China
| | - Luodan Yu
- State Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050P. R. China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghai200233P. R. China
| | - Yufang Zhu
- State Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093P. R. China
| | - Youshui Gao
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghai200233P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050P. R. China
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106
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Yang W, Gong Y, Li W. A Review: Electrode and Packaging Materials for Neurophysiology Recording Implants. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:622923. [PMID: 33585422 PMCID: PMC7873964 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.622923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, a wide variety of neural tissue implants have been developed for neurophysiology recording from living tissues. An ideal neural implant should minimize the damage to the tissue and perform reliably and accurately for long periods of time. Therefore, the materials utilized to fabricate the neural recording implants become a critical factor. The materials of these devices could be classified into two broad categories: electrode materials as well as packaging and substrate materials. In this review, inorganic (metals and semiconductors), organic (conducting polymers), and carbon-based (graphene and carbon nanostructures) electrode materials are reviewed individually in terms of various neural recording devices that are reported in recent years. Properties of these materials, including electrical properties, mechanical properties, stability, biodegradability/bioresorbability, biocompatibility, and optical properties, and their critical importance to neural recording quality and device capabilities, are discussed. For the packaging and substrate materials, different material properties are desired for the chronic implantation of devices in the complex environment of the body, such as biocompatibility and moisture and gas hermeticity. This review summarizes common solid and soft packaging materials used in a variety of neural interface electrode designs, as well as their packaging performances. Besides, several biopolymers typically applied over the electrode package to reinforce the mechanical rigidity of devices during insertion, or to reduce the immune response and inflammation at the device-tissue interfaces are highlighted. Finally, a benchmark analysis of the discussed materials and an outlook of the future research trends are concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyang Yang
- Microtechnology Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Yan Gong
- Microtechnology Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Wen Li
- Microtechnology Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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107
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Gu J, Zhang C, Du Z, Yang S. Rapid and Low-Temperature Salt-Templated Production of 2D Metal Oxide/Oxychloride/Hydroxide. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1904587. [PMID: 31556236 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201904587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
2D materials have played an important role in electronics, sensors, optics, electrocatalysis, and energy storage. Many methods for the preparation of 2D materials have been explored. It is crucial to develop a high-yield, rapid, and low-temperature method to synthesize 2D materials. A general, fast (5 min), and low-temperature (≈100 °C) salt (CoCl2 ·6H2 O)-templated method is proposed to prepare series of 2D metal oxides/oxychlorides/hydroxides in large scale, such as MoO3 , SnO2 , SiO2 , BiOCl, Sb4 O5 Cl2 , Zn2 Co3 (OH)10 2H2 O, and ZnCo2 O4 . The as-synthesized 2D materials possess an ultrathin feature (2-7 nm) and large aspect ratios. Additionally, these 2D metal oxides/oxychlorides/hydroxides exhibit good electrochemical properties in energy storage (lithium/sodium-ion batteries) and electrocatalysis (hydrogen/oxygen evolution reaction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiguo Du
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Shubin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, China
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108
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Gazzi A, Fusco L, Khan A, Bedognetti D, Zavan B, Vitale F, Yilmazer A, Delogu LG. Photodynamic Therapy Based on Graphene and MXene in Cancer Theranostics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:295. [PMID: 31709252 PMCID: PMC6823231 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Therefore, the development of new advanced and targeted strategies in cancer research for early diagnosis and treatment has become essential to improve diagnosis outcomes and reduce therapy side effects. Graphene and more recently, MXene, are the main representatives of the family of two-dimensional (2D) materials and are widely studied as multimodal nanoplatforms for cancer diagnostics and treatment, in particular leveraging their potentialities as photodynamic therapeutic agents. Indeed, due to their irreplaceable physicochemical properties, they are virtuous allies for photodynamic therapy (PDT) in combination with bioimaging, photothermal therapy, as well as drug and gene delivery. In this review, the rapidly progressing literature related to the use of these promising 2D materials for cancer theranostics is described in detail, highlighting all their possible future advances in PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Gazzi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Fusco
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy.,Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anooshay Khan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Barbara Zavan
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Flavia Vitale
- Department of Neurology, Bioengineering, Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Acelya Yilmazer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Lucia Gemma Delogu
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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109
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Montazeri K, Currie M, Verger L, Dianat P, Barsoum MW, Nabet B. Beyond Gold: Spin-Coated Ti 3 C 2 -Based MXene Photodetectors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1903271. [PMID: 31523860 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
2D transition metal carbides, known as MXenes, are transparent when the samples are thin enough. They are also excellent electrical conductors with metal-like carrier concentrations. Herein, these characteristics are exploited to replace gold (Au) in GaAs photodetectors. By simply spin-coating transparent Ti3 C2 -based MXene electrodes from aqueous suspensions onto GaAs patterned with a photoresist and lifted off with acetone, photodetectors that outperform more standard Au electrodes are fabricated. Both the Au- and MXene-based devices show rectifying contacts with comparable Schottky barrier heights and internal electric fields. The latter, however, exhibit significantly higher responsivities and quantum efficiencies, with similar dark currents, hence showing better dynamic range and detectivity, and similar sub-nanosecond response speeds compared to the Au-based devices. The simple fabrication process is readily integratable into microelectronic, photonic-integrated circuits and silicon photonics processes, with a wide range of applications from optical sensing to light detection and ranging and telecommunications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiana Montazeri
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Marc Currie
- Optical Sciences Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, 20375, USA
| | - Louisiane Verger
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Pouya Dianat
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Nanograss Solar LLC, 1407 Bethlehem Pike, Suite 303, Flourtown, PA, 19031, USA
| | - Michel W Barsoum
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Bahram Nabet
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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110
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Bolotsky A, Butler D, Dong C, Gerace K, Glavin NR, Muratore C, Robinson JA, Ebrahimi A. Two-Dimensional Materials in Biosensing and Healthcare: From In Vitro Diagnostics to Optogenetics and Beyond. ACS NANO 2019; 13:9781-9810. [PMID: 31430131 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Since the isolation of graphene in 2004, there has been an exponentially growing number of reports on layered two-dimensional (2D) materials for applications ranging from protective coatings to biochemical sensing. Due to the exceptional, and often tunable, electrical, optical, electrochemical, and physical properties of these materials, they can serve as the active sensing element or a supporting substrate for diverse healthcare applications. In this review, we provide a survey of the recent reports on the applications of 2D materials in biosensing and other emerging healthcare areas, ranging from wearable technologies to optogenetics to neural interfacing. Specifically, this review provides (i) a holistic evaluation of relevant material properties across a wide range of 2D systems, (ii) a comparison of 2D material-based biosensors to the state-of-the-art, (iii) relevant material synthesis approaches specifically reported for healthcare applications, and (iv) the technological considerations to facilitate mass production and commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chengye Dong
- State Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710049 , People's Republic of China
| | | | - Nicholas R Glavin
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate , Air Force Research Laboratory , WPAFB , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Christopher Muratore
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering , University of Dayton , Dayton , Ohio 45469 , United States
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111
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Kim SJ, Choi J, Maleski K, Hantanasirisakul K, Jung HT, Gogotsi Y, Ahn CW. Interfacial Assembly of Ultrathin, Functional MXene Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:32320-32327. [PMID: 31405272 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
MXenes are a prominent family of two-dimensional materials because of their metallic conductivity and abundant surface functionalities. Although MXenes have been extensively studied as bulk particles or free-standing films, thin and transparent films are needed for optical, optoelectronic, sensing, and other applications. In this study, we demonstrate a facile method to fabricate ultrathin (∼10 nm), Ti3C2Tx MXene films by an interfacial assembly technique. The self-assembling behavior of MXene flakes resulted in films with a high stacking order and strong plane-to-plane adherence, where optimal films of 10 nm thickness displayed a low sheet resistance of 310 Ω/□. By using surface tension, films were transferred onto various types of planar and curved substrates. Moreover, multiple films were consecutively transferred onto substrates from a single batch of solution, showing the efficient use of the material. When the films were utilized as gas sensing channels, a high signal-to-noise ratio, up to 320, was observed, where the gas response of films assembled from small MXene flakes was 10 times larger than that from large flakes. This work provides a facile and efficient method to allow MXenes to be further exploited for thin-film applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Joon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute , Drexel University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | | | - Kathleen Maleski
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute , Drexel University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Kanit Hantanasirisakul
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute , Drexel University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | | | - Yury Gogotsi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute , Drexel University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Chi Won Ahn
- Department of Global Nanotechnology Development , National Nanofab Center , Daejeon 34141 , South Korea
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112
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Guan Q, Ma J, Yang W, Zhang R, Zhang X, Dong X, Fan Y, Cai L, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Li N, Xu Q. Highly fluorescent Ti 3C 2 MXene quantum dots for macrophage labeling and Cu 2+ ion sensing. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:14123-14133. [PMID: 31322633 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04421c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots, derived from two-dimensional (2D) materials, have shown promise in bioimaging, sensing and photothermal applications, and in white light emitting devices (WLEDs). Herein, nitrogen and phosphorus functionalized Ti3C2 MXene based quantum dots (N,P-MQDs) were successfully prepared through a top-bottom hydrothermal method. This type of photoluminescent quantum dots has realized green fluorescence for the first time at around 560 nm with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 20.1%, the highest ever reported; meanwhile, it also exhibits excellent photostability and pH resistance capacities. Comprehensive characterization and well-resolved density functional theory (DFT) calculation were implemented to determine the mechanism of fluorescence shift and enhancement. Furthermore, the N,P-MQDs have been proved to efficiently act as fluorescent probes for macrophage labeling. In addition, the high sensitivity of the N,P-MQDs toward Cu2+ ions made them a low cost, sensitive, environment-friendly, and label-free fluorescence platform for Cu2+ detection. The outstanding performance of Ti3C2 MXene based quantum dots has demonstrated their great potential to be used as promising fluorescent probes in the fields of biological imaging, optical sensing, photoelectric conversion, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading Utilization, College of New Energy and Materials Science, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China.
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Enhanced electrochemical performance of Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 composited with Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets. J Solid State Electrochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-019-04232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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