101
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Tian WQ, Liu LV, Wang YA. Electronic properties and reactivity of Pt-doped carbon nanotubes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:3528-39. [PMID: 16871342 DOI: 10.1039/b604032m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structures of the (5,5) single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) segments with hemispheric carbon cages capped at the ends (SWCNT rod) and the Pt-doped SWCNT rods have been studied within density functional theory. Our theoretical studies find that the hemispheric cages introduce localized states on the caps. The cap-Pt-doped SWCNT rods can be utilized as sensors because of the sensitivity of the doped Pt atom. The Pt-doped SWCNT rods can also be used as catalysts, where the doped Pt atom serves as the enhanced and localized active center on the SWCNT. The adsorptions of C(2)H(4) and H(2) on the Pt atom in the Pt-doped SWCNT rods reveal different adsorption characteristics. The adsorption of C(2)H(4) on the Pt atom in all of the three Pt-doped SWCNT rods studied (cap-end-doped, cap-doped, and wall-doped) is physisorption with the strongest interaction occurring in the middle of the sidewall of the SWCNT. On the other hand, the adsorption of H(2) on the Pt atom at the sidewall of the SWCNT is chemisorption resulting in the decomposition of H(2), and the adsorption of H(2) at the hemispheric caps is physisorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Quan Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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102
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Chen W, Tao X. Self-Organizing Alignment of Carbon Nanotubes in Thermoplastic Polyurethane. Macromol Rapid Commun 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200500531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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103
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Abstract
In this paper, we report on the self-assembly growth of micro-pillars consisting of well-aligned carbon nanotubes on the uneven surfaces of silicon chips by chemical vapour deposition, which could be useful for the fabrication of electron field emitters, micro-electromechanical devices, interconnection for microelectronics, etc. The mechanism for the growth of isolated pillars within large-area aligned carbon nanotube arrays is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-De Zhang
- Nano Science Research Centre, College of Chemistry, South China University of Technology, Wushan, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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104
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Zhi L, Gorelik T, Friedlein R, Wu J, Kolb U, Salaneck WR, Müllen K. Solid-state pyrolyses of metal phthalocyanines: a simple approach towards nitrogen-doped CNTs and metal/carbon nanocables. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2005; 1:798-801. [PMID: 17193525 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200500150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Zhi
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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105
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Itkis ME, Perea DE, Jung R, Niyogi S, Haddon RC. Comparison of analytical techniques for purity evaluation of single-walled carbon nanotubes. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:3439-48. [PMID: 15755163 DOI: 10.1021/ja043061w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We compare popular analytical techniques, including scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Raman and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, for the evaluation of the purity of bulk quantities of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Despite their importance as imaging techniques, SEM and TEM are not capable of quantitatively evaluating the purity of typical inhomogeneous bulk SWNT samples because the image frame visualizes less than 1 pg of SWNT material; furthermore, there is no published algorithm to convert such images into numerical data. The TGA technique is capable of measuring the amount of metal catalyst in an SWNT sample, but does not provide an unambiguous separation between the content of SWNTs and carbonaceous impurities. We discuss the utilization of solution-phase near-infrared spectroscopy and solution-phase Raman spectroscopy to quantitatively compare arbitrary samples of bulk SWNT materials of different purities. The primary goal of this paper is to provide the chemical community with a realistic evaluation of current analytical tools for the purity evaluation of a bulk sample of SWNTs. The secondary goal is to draw attention to the growing crisis in the SWNT industry as a result of the lack of quality control and the misleading advertising by suppliers of this material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail E Itkis
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, USA
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106
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Burda C, Chen X, Narayanan R, El-Sayed MA. Chemistry and properties of nanocrystals of different shapes. Chem Rev 2005; 105:1025-102. [PMID: 15826010 DOI: 10.1021/cr030063a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3795] [Impact Index Per Article: 199.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Burda
- Center for Chemical Dynamics and Nanomaterials Research, Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University-Millis 2258, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
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107
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Yang Y, Chen S, Xue Q, Biris A, Zhao W. Electron transfer chemistry of octadecylamine-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes. Electrochim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2004.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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108
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Zurek E, Autschbach J. Density functional calculations of the 13C NMR chemical shifts in (9,0) single-walled carbon nanotubes. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 126:13079-88. [PMID: 15469306 DOI: 10.1021/ja047941m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The electronic structure and (13)C NMR chemical shift of (9,0) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are investigated theoretically. Shielding tensor components are also reported. Density functional calculations were carried out for C(30)-capped and H-capped fragments which serve as model systems for the infinite (9,0) SWNT. Based on the vanishing HOMO-LUMO gap, H-capped nanotube fragments are predicted to exhibit "metallic" behavior. The (13)C chemical shift approaches a value of approximately 133 ppm for the longest fragment studied here. The C(30)-capped SWNT fragments of D(3d)/D(3h) symmetry, on the other hand, are predicted to be small-gap semiconductors just like the infinite (9,0) SWNT. The differences in successive HOMO-LUMO gaps and HOMO and LUMO energies, as well as the (13)C NMR chemical shifts, converge slightly faster with the fragment's length than for the H-capped tubes. The difference between the H-capped and C(30)-capped fragments is analyzed in some detail. The results indicate that (at least at lengths currently accessible to quantum chemical computations) the H-capped systems represent less suitable models for the (9,0) SWNT because of pronounced artifacts due to their finite length. From our calculations for the C(30)-capped fragments, the chemical shift of a carbon atom in the (9,0) SWNT is predicted to be about 130 ppm. This value is in reasonably good agreement with experimental estimates for the (13)C chemical shift in SWNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Zurek
- Contribution from the Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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109
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Zhi L, Wu J, Li J, Kolb U, Müllen K. Carbonization of Disclike Molecules in Porous Alumina Membranes: Toward Carbon Nanotubes with Controlled Graphene-Layer Orientation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200460986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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110
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Zhi L, Wu J, Li J, Kolb U, Müllen K. Carbonization of Disclike Molecules in Porous Alumina Membranes: Toward Carbon Nanotubes with Controlled Graphene-Layer Orientation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:2120-3. [PMID: 15736234 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200460986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Zhi
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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111
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Banerjee S, Hemraj-Benny T, Sambasivan S, Fischer DA, Misewich JA, Wong SS. Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Investigations of Order in Carbon Nanotube-Based Systems. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:8489-95. [PMID: 16851997 DOI: 10.1021/jp047408t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Probing order in nanotube systems is of fundamental importance in devising applications of these tubes in field emission applications as well as for components of composite materials. We use near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy to qualitatively and quantitatively study the degree of order and alignment in a wide range of carbon nanotube-based systems, including single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) powder, SWNT films, and aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The results are compared to analogous data obtained from a highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbajit Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
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112
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Tang J, Yang G, Zhang Q, Parhat A, Maynor B, Liu J, Qin LC, Zhou O. Rapid and reproducible fabrication of carbon nanotube AFM probes by dielectrophoresis. NANO LETTERS 2005; 5:11-14. [PMID: 15792404 DOI: 10.1021/nl048803y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
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113
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Zhao C, Ji L, Liu H, Hu G, Zhang S, Yang M, Yang Z. Functionalized carbon nanotubes containing isocyanate groups. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2004.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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114
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Kamat PV, Thomas KG, Barazzouk S, Girishkumar G, Vinodgopal K, Meisel D. Self-assembled linear bundles of single wall carbon nanotubes and their alignment and deposition as a film in a dc field. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:10757-62. [PMID: 15327336 DOI: 10.1021/ja0479888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A one-step process of solubilization of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) in an organic solvent has enabled us to polarize them asymmetrically in a dc electric field. Quaternary ammonium ion-capped SWCNTs readily suspend in organic solvents; under the influence of a dc electric field, they assemble as stretched bundles anchored on the positive electrode. At low dc applied field (approximately 40 V), all of the SWCNTs from the suspension are deposited on the electrode, thus providing a simple methodology to design robust SWCNT films. At higher applied voltages (>100 V), the SWCNT bundles stretch out into the solution and orient themselves perpendicular to the electrode surface. The alignment of these bundles is responsive to the ON-OFF cycles of the applied electric field. The possibility of modulating the alignment of SWCNT in an electric field opens new ways to achieve electrical contacts in nano- to micro-devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant V Kamat
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
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115
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Geng H, Zhang X, Mao S, Kleinhammes A, Shimoda H, Wu Y, Zhou O. Opening and closing of single-wall carbon nanotubes. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.09.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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116
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Barazzouk S, Hotchandani S, Vinodgopal K, Kamat PV. Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Films for Photocurrent Generation. A Prompt Response to Visible-Light Irradiation. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0458405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Said Barazzouk
- Radiation Laboratory, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46530-0579
| | - Surat Hotchandani
- Radiation Laboratory, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46530-0579
| | - K. Vinodgopal
- Radiation Laboratory, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46530-0579
| | - Prashant V. Kamat
- Radiation Laboratory, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46530-0579
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117
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Jensen L, Åstrand PO, Mikkelsen KV. The Static Polarizability and Second Hyperpolarizability of Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes†. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp049109+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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118
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Huang L, Cui X, White B, O‘Brien SP. Long and Oriented Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Grown by Ethanol Chemical Vapor Deposition. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0474125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Limin Huang
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Department of Chemistry, and the Columbia Nanocenter (NSEC), Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
| | - Xiaodong Cui
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Department of Chemistry, and the Columbia Nanocenter (NSEC), Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
| | - Brian White
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Department of Chemistry, and the Columbia Nanocenter (NSEC), Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
| | - Stephen P. O‘Brien
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Department of Chemistry, and the Columbia Nanocenter (NSEC), Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
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119
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Furtado CA, Kim UJ, Gutierrez HR, Pan L, Dickey EC, Eklund PC. Debundling and dissolution of single-walled carbon nanotubes in amide solvents. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:6095-105. [PMID: 15137775 DOI: 10.1021/ja039588a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Wet chemical methods involving ultrasound and amide solvents were used to purify and separate large bundles of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) into individual nanotubes that could then be transported to silicon or mica substrates. The SWNTs studied were produced by the arc-discharge process. Dry oxidation was used in an initial step to remove amorphous carbon. Subsequently, two acid purification schemes were investigated (HCl- and HNO(3)-reflux) to remove the metal growth catalyst (Ni-Y). Finally, ultrasonic dispersion of isolated tubes into either N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was carried out. Raman scattering, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and electron microscopy were used to study the evolution of the products. Raman scattering was used to probe possible wall damage during the chemical processing. We found that both HCl and HNO(3) could be used to successfully remove the Ni-Y below approximately 1 wt %. However, the HNO(3)-reflux produced significant wall damage (that could be reversed by vacuum annealing at 1000 degrees C). In the dispersion step, both amide solvents (DMF and NMP) produced a high degree of isolated tubes in the final product, and no damage during this dispersion step was observed. HNO(3)-refluxed tubes were found to disperse the best into the amide solvents, perhaps because of significant wall functionalization. AFM was used to study the filament diameter and length distributions in the final product, and interesting differences in these distributions were observed, depending on the chemical processing route.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Furtado
- Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear - CDTN/CNEN, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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120
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Itkis ME, Perea DE, Niyogi S, Love J, Tang J, Yu A, Kang C, Jung R, Haddon RC. Optimization of the Ni−Y Catalyst Composition in Bulk Electric Arc Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Use of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0487307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. E. Itkis
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, and Carbon Solutions, Inc., Riverside, California 92506
| | - D. E. Perea
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, and Carbon Solutions, Inc., Riverside, California 92506
| | - S. Niyogi
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, and Carbon Solutions, Inc., Riverside, California 92506
| | - J. Love
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, and Carbon Solutions, Inc., Riverside, California 92506
| | - J. Tang
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, and Carbon Solutions, Inc., Riverside, California 92506
| | - A. Yu
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, and Carbon Solutions, Inc., Riverside, California 92506
| | - C. Kang
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, and Carbon Solutions, Inc., Riverside, California 92506
| | - R. Jung
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, and Carbon Solutions, Inc., Riverside, California 92506
| | - R. C. Haddon
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, and Carbon Solutions, Inc., Riverside, California 92506
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121
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Furtado CA, Kim UJ, Gutierrez HR, Pan L, Dickey EC, Eklund PC. Debundling and Dissolution of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Amide Solvents. J Am Chem Soc 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ja039588a%0d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. A. Furtado
- Contribution from the Department of Physics, Materials Research Institute, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, and Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear − CDTN/CNEN, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - U. J. Kim
- Contribution from the Department of Physics, Materials Research Institute, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, and Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear − CDTN/CNEN, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - H. R. Gutierrez
- Contribution from the Department of Physics, Materials Research Institute, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, and Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear − CDTN/CNEN, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ling Pan
- Contribution from the Department of Physics, Materials Research Institute, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, and Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear − CDTN/CNEN, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - E. C. Dickey
- Contribution from the Department of Physics, Materials Research Institute, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, and Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear − CDTN/CNEN, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Peter C. Eklund
- Contribution from the Department of Physics, Materials Research Institute, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, and Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear − CDTN/CNEN, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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122
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123
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124
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Peng H, Alemany LB, Margrave JL, Khabashesku VN. Sidewall Carboxylic Acid Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:15174-82. [PMID: 14653752 DOI: 10.1021/ja037746s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 443] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with succinic or glutaric acid acyl peroxides in o-dichlorobenzene at 80-90 degrees C resulted in the addition of 2-carboxyethyl or 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively, to the sidewalls of the SWNT. These acid-functionalized SWNTs were converted to acid chlorides by derivatization with SOCl(2) and then to amides with terminal diamines such as ethylenediamine, 4,4'-methylenebis(cyclohexylamine), and diethyltoluenediamine. The acid-functionalized SWNTs and the amide derivatives were characterized by a set of materials characterization methods including attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FTIR, Raman and solid state (13)C NMR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermal gravimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-MS). The degree of SWNT sidewall functionalization with the acid-terminated groups was estimated as 1 in 24 carbons on the basis of TG-MS data. In comparison with the pristine SWNTs, the acid-functionalized SWNTs show an improved solubility in polar solvents, for example, alcohols and water, which enables their processing for incorporation into polymer composite structures as well as for a variety of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Peng
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, USA
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125
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Composite electrodes made of Pt nanoparticles deposited on carbon nanotubes grown on fuel cell backings. Chem Phys Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2003.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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126
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Huang S, Cai X, Liu J. Growth of millimeter-long and horizontally aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes on flat substrates. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:5636-7. [PMID: 12733894 DOI: 10.1021/ja034475c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Millimeter-long and well-aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been produced on silica/silicon surfaces using the carbon monoxide chemical vapor deposition (CO-CVD) method. The orientation of the nanotube arrays can be well-controlled by the gas flow during the growth. The majority of the orientated SWNTs are straight and individual. The length of the nanotubes can be >2 mm for a 10 min growth. Furthermore, multidimensional crossed-networks of SWNT can be easily generated by multistep processes. These results present a great opportunity in the controllable production of organized SWNT arrays for large-scale carbon nanotube-based nanodevice fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoming Huang
- Chemistry Department, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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