102
|
Dorywalska M, Strop P, Melton-Witt JA, Hasa-Moreno A, Farias SE, Galindo Casas M, Delaria K, Lui V, Poulsen K, Sutton J, Bolton G, Zhou D, Moine L, Dushin R, Tran TT, Liu SH, Rickert M, Foletti D, Shelton DL, Pons J, Rajpal A. Site-Dependent Degradation of a Non-Cleavable Auristatin-Based Linker-Payload in Rodent Plasma and Its Effect on ADC Efficacy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132282. [PMID: 26161543 PMCID: PMC4498778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) is dependent on the properties of its linker-payload which must remain stable while in systemic circulation but undergo efficient processing upon internalization into target cells. Here, we examine the stability of a non-cleavable Amino-PEG6-based linker bearing the monomethyl auristatin D (MMAD) payload site-specifically conjugated at multiple positions on an antibody. Enzymatic conjugation with transglutaminase allows us to create a stable amide linkage that remains intact across all tested conjugation sites on the antibody, and provides us with an opportunity to examine the stability of the auristatin payload itself. We report a position-dependent degradation of the C terminus of MMAD in rodent plasma that has a detrimental effect on its potency. The MMAD cleavage can be eliminated by either modifying the C terminus of the toxin, or by selection of conjugation site. Both approaches result in improved stability and potency in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we show that the MMAD metabolism in mouse plasma is likely mediated by a serine-based hydrolase, appears much less pronounced in rat, and was not detected in cynomolgus monkey or human plasma. Clarifying these species differences and controlling toxin degradation to optimize ADC stability in rodents is essential to make the best ADC selection from preclinical models. The data presented here demonstrate that site selection and toxin susceptibility to mouse plasma degradation are important considerations in the design of non-cleavable ADCs, and further highlight the benefits of site-specific conjugation methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Dorywalska
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., 230 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, United States of America
| | - Pavel Strop
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., 230 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jody A. Melton-Witt
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., 230 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, United States of America
| | - Adela Hasa-Moreno
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., 230 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, United States of America
| | - Santiago E. Farias
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., 230 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, United States of America
| | - Meritxell Galindo Casas
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., 230 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, United States of America
| | - Kathy Delaria
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., 230 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, United States of America
| | - Victor Lui
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., 230 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, United States of America
| | - Kris Poulsen
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., 230 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, United States of America
| | - Janette Sutton
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., 230 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, United States of America
| | - Gary Bolton
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., 230 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, United States of America
| | - Dahui Zhou
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, United States of America
| | - Ludivine Moine
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, United States of America
| | - Russell Dushin
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, United States of America
| | - Thomas-Toan Tran
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., 230 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, United States of America
| | - Shu-Hui Liu
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., 230 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, United States of America
| | - Mathias Rickert
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., 230 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, United States of America
| | - Davide Foletti
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., 230 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, United States of America
| | - David L. Shelton
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., 230 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, United States of America
| | - Jaume Pons
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., 230 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, United States of America
| | - Arvind Rajpal
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., 230 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
van Geel R, Wijdeven MA, Heesbeen R, Verkade JMM, Wasiel AA, van Berkel SS, van Delft FL. Chemoenzymatic Conjugation of Toxic Payloads to the Globally Conserved N-Glycan of Native mAbs Provides Homogeneous and Highly Efficacious Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:2233-42. [PMID: 26061183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A robust, generally applicable, nongenetic technology is presented to convert monoclonal antibodies into stable and homogeneous ADCs. Starting from a native (nonengineered) mAb, a chemoenzymatic protocol allows for the highly controlled attachment of any given payload to the N-glycan residing at asparagine-297, based on a two-stage process: first, enzymatic remodeling (trimming and tagging with azide), followed by ligation of the payload based on copper-free click chemistry. The technology, termed GlycoConnect, is applicable to any IgG isotype irrespective of glycosylation profile. Application to trastuzumab and maytansine, both components of the marketed ADC Kadcyla, demonstrate a favorable in vitro and in vivo efficacy for GlycoConnect ADC. Moreover, the superiority of the native glycan as attachment site was demonstrated by in vivo comparison to a range of trastuzumab-based glycosylation mutants. A side-by-side comparison of the copper-free click probes bicyclononyne (BCN) and a dibenzoannulated cyclooctyne (DBCO) showed a surprising difference in conjugation efficiency in favor of BCN, which could be even further enhanced by introduction of electron-withdrawing fluoride substitutions onto the azide. The resulting mAb-conjugates were in all cases found to be highly stable, which in combination with the demonstrated efficacy warrants ADCs with a superior therapeutic index.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Remon van Geel
- SynAffix BV , Pivot Park, Molenstraat 110, 5342 CC, Oss, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes A Wijdeven
- SynAffix BV , Pivot Park, Molenstraat 110, 5342 CC, Oss, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan Heesbeen
- SynAffix BV , Pivot Park, Molenstraat 110, 5342 CC, Oss, The Netherlands
| | - Jorge M M Verkade
- SynAffix BV , Pivot Park, Molenstraat 110, 5342 CC, Oss, The Netherlands
| | - Anna A Wasiel
- SynAffix BV , Pivot Park, Molenstraat 110, 5342 CC, Oss, The Netherlands
| | | | - Floris L van Delft
- SynAffix BV , Pivot Park, Molenstraat 110, 5342 CC, Oss, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|