101
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Tanabe G, Otani T, Cong W, Minematsu T, Ninomiya K, Yoshikawa M, Muraoka O. Biological evaluation of 3′-O-alkylated analogs of salacinol, the role of hydrophobic alkyl group at 3′ position in the side chain on the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:3159-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.02.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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102
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Xie W, Tanabe G, Matsuoka K, Amer MF, Minematsu T, Wu X, Yoshikawa M, Muraoka O. Role of the side chain stereochemistry in the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of kotalanol, a potent natural α-glucosidase inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:2252-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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103
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Xie W, Tanabe G, Akaki J, Morikawa T, Ninomiya K, Minematsu T, Yoshikawa M, Wu X, Muraoka O. Isolation, structure identification and SAR studies on thiosugar sulfonium salts, neosalaprinol and neoponkoranol, as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:2015-22. [PMID: 21345683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two hitherto missing members of sulfonium salts family in Salacia genus plants as a new class of α-glucosidase inhibitors, neoponkoranol (7) and neosalaprinol (8), were isolated from the water extracts, and their structures were unambiguously identified. For further SAR studies on this series of sulfonium salts, several epimers of 7 and 8 were synthesized, and their inhibitory activities against rat small intestinal α-glucosidases were evaluated. Among them, 3'-epimer of 7 was found most potent in this class of molecules, and revealed as potent as currently used antidiabetics, voglibose and acarbose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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104
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Stütz AE, Wrodnigg TM. Imino sugars and glycosyl hydrolases: historical context, current aspects, emerging trends. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2011; 66:187-298. [PMID: 22123190 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385518-3.00004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Forty years of discoveries and research on imino sugars, which are carbohydrate analogues having a basic nitrogen atom instead of oxygen in the sugar ring and, acting as potent glycosidase inhibitors, have made considerable impact on our contemporary understanding of glycosidases. Imino sugars have helped to elucidate the catalytic machinery of glycosidases and have refined our methods and concepts of utilizing them. A number of new aspects have emerged for employing imino sugars as pharmaceutical compounds, based on their profound effects on metabolic activities in which glycosidases are involved. From the digestion of starch to the fight against viral infections, from research into malignant diseases to potential improvements in hereditary storage disorders, glycosidase action and inhibition are essential issues. This account aims at combining general developments with a focus on some niches where imino sugars have become useful tools for glycochemistry and glycobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold E Stütz
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Austria
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105
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Eskandari R, Jones K, Rose DR, Pinto BM. The effect of heteroatom substitution of sulfur for selenium in glucosidase inhibitors on intestinal α-glucosidase activities. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:9134-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13052h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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106
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Structures of human pancreatic α-amylase in complex with acarviostatins: Implications for drug design against type II diabetes. J Struct Biol 2010; 174:196-202. [PMID: 21111049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2010.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human pancreatic α-amylase (HPA) catalyzes the hydrolysis of α-d-(1,4) glycosidic linkages in starch and is one of the major therapeutic targets for type II diabetes. Several acarviostatins isolated from Streptomyces coelicoflavus var. nankaiensis previously showed more potent inhibition of HPA than acarbose, which has been successfully used in clinical therapy. However, the molecular mechanisms by which acarviostatins inhibit HPA remains elusive. Here we determined crystal structures of HPA in complexes with a series of acarviostatin inhibitors (I03, II03, III03, and IV03). Structural analyses showed that acarviostatin I03 undergoes a series of hydrolysis and condensation reactions in the HPA active site, similar to acarbose, while acarviostatins II03, III03, and IV03 likely undergo only hydrolysis reactions. On the basis of structural analysis combined with kinetic assays, we demonstrate that the final modified product with seven sugar rings is best suited for occupying the full active site and shows the most efficient inhibition of HPA. Our high resolution structures reported here identify first time an interaction between an inhibitor and subsite-4 of the HPA active site, which we show makes a significant contribution to the inhibitory effect. Our results provide important information for the design of new drugs for the treatment of type II diabetes or obesity.
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107
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Muraoka O, Morikawa T, Miyake S, Akaki J, Ninomiya K, Pongpiriyadacha Y, Yoshikawa M. Quantitative analysis of neosalacinol and neokotalanol, another two potent α-glucosidase inhibitors from Salacia species, by LC-MS with ion pair chromatography. J Nat Med 2010; 65:142-8. [PMID: 20981499 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-010-0474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A quantitative analytical method for the highly polar sulfonium pseudo-sugar constituents neosalacinol (3) and neokotalanol (4), another two potent α-glucosidase inhibitors isolated from Ayurvedic traditional medicine Salacia species, was developed by employing an ion pair reagent upon chromatographic separation. The optimum conditions for separation and detection of these two constituents were achieved on an ODS column (3-µm particle size, 2.1-mm i.d. × 100 mm) with 5 mM undecafluorohexanoic acid-MeOH (99:1, v/v) as the mobile phase and using MS equipped with an electrospray ionization source. More than ten samples of Salacia from different origins were analyzed, and the results indicated that the assay was reproducible and precise and could be readily utilized for evaluation of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Salacia species. By combining this assay with the quantitative analytical method previously developed for salacinol (1) and kotalanol (2), a more precise and strict evaluation of α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of extracts from Salacia species (R = 0.959 for maltase and 0.795 for sucrase) was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Muraoka
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
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108
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Eskandari R, Jones K, Rose DR, Pinto BM. Probing the active-site requirements of human intestinal N-terminal maltase glucoamylase: The effect of replacing the sulfate moiety by a methyl ether in ponkoranol, a naturally occurring α-glucosidase inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:5686-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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109
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Xie W, Tanabe G, Morimoto H, Hatanaka T, Minematsu T, Wu X, Muraoka O. Another mode of heterocyclization of an enantiopure C2-symmetric bis-epoxide leading to the symmetric dialkyl sulfide. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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110
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Eskandari R, Jayakanthan K, Kuntz DA, Rose DR, Mario Pinto B. Synthesis of a biologically active isomer of kotalanol, a naturally occurring glucosidase inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:2829-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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111
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Sim L, Willemsma C, Mohan S, Naim HY, Pinto BM, Rose DR. Structural basis for substrate selectivity in human maltase-glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase N-terminal domains. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:17763-70. [PMID: 20356844 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.078980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM) and sucrase-isomaltase (SI) are small intestinal enzymes that work concurrently to hydrolyze the mixture of linear alpha-1,4- and branched alpha-1,6-oligosaccharide substrates that typically make up terminal starch digestion products. MGAM and SI are each composed of duplicated catalytic domains, N- and C-terminal, which display overlapping substrate specificities. The N-terminal catalytic domain of human MGAM (ntMGAM) has a preference for short linear alpha-1,4-oligosaccharides, whereas N-terminal SI (ntSI) has a broader specificity for both alpha-1,4- and alpha-1,6-oligosaccharides. Here we present the crystal structure of the human ntSI, in apo form to 3.2 A and in complex with the inhibitor kotalanol to 2.15 A resolution. Structural comparison with the previously solved structure of ntMGAM reveals key active site differences in ntSI, including a narrow hydrophobic +1 subsite, which may account for its additional substrate specificity for alpha-1,6 substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyann Sim
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario M56 2M9, Canada
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112
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Eskandari R, Kuntz DA, Rose DR, Pinto BM. Potent Glucosidase Inhibitors: De-O-sulfonated Ponkoranol and Its Stereoisomer. Org Lett 2010; 12:1632-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol1004005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Eskandari
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto and Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9, and Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Douglas A. Kuntz
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto and Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9, and Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - David R. Rose
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto and Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9, and Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - B. Mario Pinto
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto and Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9, and Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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113
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Mohan S, Pinto BM. Towards the elusive structure of kotalanol, a naturally occurring glucosidase inhibitor. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:481-8. [PMID: 20336233 DOI: 10.1039/b925950c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This Highlight describes the detailed approach used to determine the absolute stereochemistry of the stereogenic centers in the acyclic side chain of kotalanol, a naturally occurring glucosidase inhibitor isolated from the plant Salacia reticulata. The plant extract itself is used in Ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. We highlight the syntheses of proposed candidates based on structure-activity relationships, the total synthesis of kotalanol, and crystallographic studies of kotalanol and its de-O-sulfonated derivative complexed with recombinant human maltase glucoamylase (MGA), a critical intestinal glucosidase involved in the breakdown of glucose oligomers into glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Mohan
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., Canada
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114
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Mohan S, Jayakanthan K, Nasi R, Kuntz DA, Rose DR, Pinto BM. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Heteroanalogues of Kotalanol and De-O-Sulfonated Kotalanol. Org Lett 2010; 12:1088-91. [DOI: 10.1021/ol100080m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Mohan
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto and Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M9, and Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Kumarasamy Jayakanthan
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto and Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M9, and Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Ravindranath Nasi
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto and Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M9, and Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Douglas A. Kuntz
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto and Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M9, and Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - David R. Rose
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto and Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M9, and Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - B. Mario Pinto
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto and Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M9, and Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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115
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Wardrop DJ, Waidyarachchi SL. Synthesis and biological activity of naturally occurring α-glucosidase inhibitors. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:1431-68. [DOI: 10.1039/b914958a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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