101
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Crystal and molecular structure of V-amylose complexed with ibuprofen. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 261:117885. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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102
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WITHDRAWN: Anti-digestibility and anti-oxidation properties of propyl gallate complexes of rice starch improved by hot-melt extrusion with twin-screw systems. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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103
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Zhou D, Ma Z, Hu X. Isolated Pea Resistant Starch Substrates with Different Structural Features Modulate the Production of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Metabolism of Microbiota in Anaerobic Fermentation In Vitro. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:5392-5404. [PMID: 33843218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c08197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Resistant starches (RSs) with different structural features were isolated from both native and pullulanase-debranched and acid-hydrolyzed pea starches. Their microscopic changes, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) composition, microbiota communities, and structural characteristics of the corresponding fermenta residues by the end of 24 h of the in vitro fermentation period were investigated. The microbial fermentation clearly caused numerous cracks and erosion on the RS granule surface. In comparison to the positive control, significantly higher levels of butyrate, propionate, and total SCFA were produced after 24 h of in vitro fecal fermentation when resistant starches were used as substrates. The RS substrates with different structural characteristics enabled varying growth of Bifidobacterium spp., Eubacterium spp., and Faecalibacterium spp. The discrepancy in microbiota communities associated with the differences in SCFA from the fermentation of RS with different structural features would be critical toward the rational design of foods containing resistant starch with targeted health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingting Zhou
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China
| | - Zhen Ma
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China
| | - Xinzhong Hu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China
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104
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Zhang K, Zhao D, Guo D, Tong X, Zhang Y, Wang L. Physicochemical and digestive properties of A- and B-type granules isolated from wheat starch as affected by microwave-ultrasound and toughening treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:481-489. [PMID: 33933544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of microwave-ultrasound or/and toughening treatment on the physicochemical, structural properties, and in vitro digestibility of A- and B-type granules isolated from wheat starch were investigated. From the SEM, microwave-ultrasound and toughening treatment (MU-T) led to the appearance of irregular and disrupted structure significantly and an increment in the resistant starch content of A- and B-type granule. Furthermore, the MU-T starch possessed the lowest swelling power, light transmittance, and gelatinization temperature range (Tc -To) and the highest ΔH. After MU-T, the relative crystallinity (RC) of X-ray pattern, Fourier transform infrared ratio of 1047/1022 cm-1, and the content of double helix and single helix of 13C CP/MAS NMR had increased significantly. In particular, there was a difference in the content of RS and SDS between A-starch granules and B-starch granules as well as their changes after modification (from 69.305% to 82.93 for A-starch and form 74.97% to 88.17 for B-starch, respectively), which was a similar trend with RC and helix content. This study indicated that, for both A-type granule and B-type granule starches, microwave-ultrasound and toughening treated samples had unique properties compared to singly modified starches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangyi Zhang
- Center of Agricultural Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116 huayuan road, Zhengzhou 450000, China; Henan International Union Laboratory for Whole Grain Wheat Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Center of Agricultural Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116 huayuan road, Zhengzhou 450000, China; Henan International Union Laboratory for Whole Grain Wheat Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Dongxu Guo
- Center of Agricultural Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116 huayuan road, Zhengzhou 450000, China; Henan International Union Laboratory for Whole Grain Wheat Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tong
- Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; Henan International Union Laboratory for Whole Grain Wheat Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China; Henan International Union Laboratory for Whole Grain Wheat Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Food Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
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105
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Jing L, Chen C, Lu Q, Wang Y, Zhu J, Lai S, Wang Y, Yang L. How do elevated atmosphere CO 2 and temperature alter the physiochemical properties of starch granules and rice taste? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 766:142592. [PMID: 33071134 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Elevated atmospheric CO2 (EC) and temperature (ET) strongly affect agricultural production, but the mechanism through which EC and/or ET influence starch granules and their relationship to cooked rice taste remain largely unknown. Therefore, a field experiment using a popular japonica cultivar grown in a temperature/free-air CO2 enrichment environment was conducted to investigate the responses of volume and fine structure of starch granules and their formation physiology to EC (+200 ppm) and/or ET (+1 °C) in 2015-2016. EC markedly enhanced the activity of soluble-starch synthase and granule-bound starch synthase by 28.0% and 27.9% respectively, thereby increasing the long chains and the volume of starch granules. However, EC decreased the activity of starch-branch enzyme by 7.5% possibly via the pathway of ethylene signalling (EC prominently decreased the ethylene evolution rate of rice grains by 28.8%), resulting in a remarkable decrease in α-1'6 glucosidic bonds and significant increase in the iodine-binding capacity and double helix in starch molecules. These EC-induced changes in morphology and fine structure of starch granules synergistically altered the thermal properties of rice flour and eventually improved the cohesiveness and taste of cooked rice, as suggested by the significant relationships between them. ET partially offset the beneficial EC effects in most cases. However, few remarkable CO2 × temperature or CO2 × year effects were detected, indicating that the effects of EC on starch granules and rice taste less varied with meteorological conditions. These findings have important implications on rice palatability and for the development of adaptive strategies in the starch industry in future environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liquan Jing
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunxia Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shangkun Lai
- Suqian Institute, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suqian 223800, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lianxin Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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106
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Zhong Y, Li Z, Qu J, Bertoft E, Li M, Zhu F, Blennow A, Liu X. Relationship between molecular structure and lamellar and crystalline structure of rice starch. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 258:117616. [PMID: 33593533 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between molecular structure and crystalline and lamellar structures of fifteen types of rice starches was studied. GPC and HPAEC were used for the molecular chain analysis and WAXS, SAXS, and CP/MAS 13C NMR were employed for aggregation structural analysis. The amylopectin content and the average lengths of fb1-chains (the degree of polymerization (DP) 13-24) were positively correlated with the amount of double helices (r2 = 0.92 and 0.57, respectively). In contrast, amylose content was positively correlated with the amounts of amorphous materials in starch (r2 = 0.77). The amount of double helices, which constitute a major part of the crystalline matrix, was positively correlated with the lamellar ordering (r2 = 0.81), and negatively correlated with the thickness of crystalline lamellae (r2 = 0.90) and lamellar repeat distance (r2 = 0.84). Conversely, the amount of the amorphous matrix was correlated with these parameters in the opposite way (r2 = 0.50, 0.75, and 0.75, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyue Zhong
- Lab of Food Soft Matter Structure and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, 210023, China; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhihang Li
- Lab of Food Soft Matter Structure and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, 210023, China; Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianzhou Qu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Eric Bertoft
- Bertoft Solutions, Gamla Sampasvägen 18, 20960, Turku, Finland
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fan Zhu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andreas Blennow
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Xingxun Liu
- Lab of Food Soft Matter Structure and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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107
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Teng C, Chen D, Wu G, Campanella OH. Non-invasive techniques to study starch structure and starchy products properties. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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108
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Crini G, French AD, Kainuma K, Jane JL, Szente L. Contributions of Dexter French (1918-1981) to cycloamylose/cyclodextrin and starch science. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 257:117620. [PMID: 33541648 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Professor Dexter French (1918-1981) was an American chemist and biochemist at Iowa State College (University in 1959). He devoted his career to advance knowledge of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides, in particular starch, cyclodextrins, and enzymes. Cyclodextrins are oligosaccharides obtained from starch and are typically cage molecules with a hydrophobic cavity that can encapsulate other compounds nowadays the basis for many industrial applications. Since the 1960s, he has been recognized as an outstanding authority in the field of starches and cyclodextrins and has inspired researchers in laboratories around the world. This review, on the fortieth anniversary of his death, commemorates his remarkable contribution to starch and cyclodextrin chemistry. Firstly, we give an overview of his personal life and career. Secondly, we highlight some of the results on starch and cyclodextrins from Professor French and his group. A third part discusses his impact on the modern chemistry of cyclodextrins and starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégorio Crini
- Chrono-environnement, Faculté Sciences & Techniques, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25000, Besançon, France.
| | - Alfred D French
- Southern Regional Research Center, USDA, New Orleans, LO, 70124, United States
| | - Keiji Kainuma
- Honorary member, The Agricultural Society of Japan, 2-29-4, Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-0046, Japan
| | - Jay-Lin Jane
- Charles F. Curtiss Distinguished Professor, Emeritus, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, United States
| | - Lajos Szente
- CycloLab Cyclodextrin Research & Development Ltd., Illatos 7, Budapest, H-1097, Hungary
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109
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Liu C, Li K, Li X, Zhang M, Li J. Formation and structural evolution of starch nanocrystals from waxy maize starch and waxy potato starch. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 180:625-632. [PMID: 33766589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The formation and structural evolution of starch nanocrystals from waxy maize starch (WMS) and waxy potato starch (WPS) by acid hydrolysis were studied. The relative crystallinity, the short-range molecular order, and the double-helix content of WMS and WPS increased significantly during the initial stage of acid hydrolysis, indicating that acid preferentially eroded the amorphous regions of starch granules. With time, there was increased destruction of lamellar structures, causing the granules to completely disintegrate to form nanocrystals. WMS and WPS displayed different hydrolysis mechanisms. WPS was more susceptible to acid hydrolysis than WMS, and WMS exhibited an endo-corrosion pattern and WPS showed an exo-corrosion pattern. WMS nanocrystals had a parallelepiped shape, and WPS nanocrystals were round. This difference in shape is likely due to the different packing configuration of double helices in native starches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cancan Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kai Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Provincial and Ministerial Collaborative Innovation Center for Sugar Industry, Nanning 530004, China; Engineering Research Center for Sugar Industry and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Xiaoxi Li
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Starch & Protein Processing, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jianbin Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Provincial and Ministerial Collaborative Innovation Center for Sugar Industry, Nanning 530004, China; Engineering Research Center for Sugar Industry and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanning 530004, China.
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110
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In vitro digestibility and structural control of rice starch-unsaturated fatty acid complexes by high-pressure homogenization. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 256:117607. [PMID: 33483084 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This study emphasized on structural alteration of rice starch-unsaturated fatty acid complexes by adding trans-2-dodecaenoic acid (t12), trans-oleic acid (t18), cis-oleic acid (c18) and linoleic acid (loa) with different concentration under high-pressure homogenization treatment, and further illustrated the underlying mechanism of modulating digestibility. Results showed that the complex primarily presented as V6 or type IIa polymorph; complex index, content of ordered structure and thermal stability appeared to be positively correlated to the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids. t12 was too mobile to form single helix, leading to the formation of loose matrix; t18 fitted better within the cavity of starch than c18, and formed structural domain with higher compactness and thermal stability; Rloa had lower complex index but higher degree of short-range order, and tended to form alternating amorphous and crystalline structure. The digestibility was higher in the order of Rloa, Rt18, Rc18 and Rt12.
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111
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Starch-protein interplay varies the multi-scale structures of starch undergoing thermal processing. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 175:179-187. [PMID: 33549661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This work concerns how starch-protein interplay affects the multi-scale structures (e.g., short- and long-range orders, nanoscale structure and morphology) of starch undergoing thermal processing (pasting) involving heating and cooling at high water content. An indica rice starch (IRS) and three proteins (whey protein isolate, WPI; soy protein isolate, SPI; casein, CS) were used. By inspecting rheological profiles of mixed systems before and after adding chemicals, IRS-WPI and IRS-CS showed mainly hydrophobic molecular interaction; and IRS-SPI exhibited hydrophobic, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. The RVA results revealed that, with starch and proteins as controls, starch-globular protein (WPI or SPI) interplay accelerated the swelling of starch granules (faster viscosity increase at initial pasting stage), and reduced the paste stability during heating (higher breakdown) and during cooling (higher setback); however, the starch-casein interactions resulted in opposed effects. Moreover, starch-protein interactions varied the multi-scale chain reassembly of starch into different structures during cooling. Observed could be fewer short- and long-range starch orders, and larger nonperiod structure (or colloidal clusters) on the nanoscale. On even larger scale to micron, IRS-globular protein molecules generated larger grids (with reduced number) in the gel network, and IRS-casein formed a more continuous gel network with less prominent tunnel-like features.
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112
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Wang H, Xu K, Liu X, Zhang Y, Xie X, Zhang H. Understanding the structural, pasting and digestion properties of starch isolated from frozen wheat dough. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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113
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Insights into the effect of structural alternations on the digestibility of rice starch-fatty acid complexes prepared by high-pressure homogenization. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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114
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Chen P, Zhang Y, Qiao Q, Tao X, Liu P, Xie F. Comparison of the structure and properties of hydroxypropylated acid-hydrolysed maize starches with different amylose/amylopectin contents. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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115
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Liu C, Jiang Y, Liu J, Li K, Li J. Insights into the multiscale structure and pasting properties of ball-milled waxy maize and waxy rice starches. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 168:205-214. [PMID: 33309666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of ball-milling on the pasting properties of waxy maize starch (WMS) and waxy rice starch (WRS) were investigated from a multiscale structural view. The results confirmed that ball-milling significantly destroyed the structures of the two waxy starches (especially WMS). Specifically, ball-milling led to obvious grooves on the surface of starch granules, a decrease in crystallinity and the degree of short-range order, and a reduction in double-helix components. Meanwhile, small-angle X-ray scattering results indicated that the semicrystalline lamellae of starch were disrupted after ball-milling. Ball-milling decreased the pasting temperatures. Furthermore, ball-milled starches exhibited lower peak and breakdown viscosity and weakened tendency to retrogradation. These results implied that ball-milling induced structural changes in starch that significantly affected its pasting properties. Hence, ball-milled starch may serve as food ingredients with low pasting temperature and paste viscosity as well as high paste stability under heating/cooling and shearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cancan Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Scientific and Technological Innovation Major Base of Guangxi, Nanning 530226, China
| | - Jidong Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kai Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Jianbin Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Scientific and Technological Innovation Major Base of Guangxi, Nanning 530226, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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116
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Nakamura Y, Ono M, Hatta T, Kainuma K, Yashiro K, Matsuba G, Matsubara A, Miyazato A, Mizutani G. Effects of BEIIb-Deficiency on the Cluster Structure of Amylopectin and the Internal Structure of Starch Granules in Endosperm and Culm of Japonica-Type Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:571346. [PMID: 33312184 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.571346.ecollection] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
It is known that one of starch branching enzyme (BE) isoforms, BEIIb, plays a specific role not only in the synthesis of distinct amylopectin cluster structure, but also in the formation of the internal structure of starch granules in rice endosperm because in its absence the starch crystalline polymorph changes to the B-type from the typical A-type found in the wild-type (WT) cereal endosperm starch granules. In the present study, to examine the contribution of BEIIb to the amylopectin cluster structure, the chain-length distributions of amylopectin and its phosphorylase-limit dextrins (Φ-LD) from endosperm and culm of a null be2b mutant called amylose-extender (ae) mutant line, EM10, were compared with those of its WT cultivar, Kinmaze, of japonica rice. The results strongly suggest that BEIIb specifically formed new short chains whose branch points were localized in the basal part of the crystalline lamellae and presumably in the intermediate between the crystalline and amorphous lamellae of amylopectin clusters in the WT endosperm, whereas in its absence branch points which were mainly formed by BEI were only located in the amorphous lamellae of amylopectin. These differences in the cluster structure of amylopectin between Kinmaze and EM10 endosperm were considered to be responsible for the differences in the A-type and B-type crystalline structures of starch granules between Kinmaze and EM10, respectively. The changes in internal structure of starch granules caused by BEIIb were analyzed by wide angle X-ray diffraction, small-angle X-ray scattering, solid state 13C NMR, and optical sum frequency generation spectroscopy. It was noted that the size the amylopectin cluster in ae endosperm (approximately 8.24 nm) was significantly smaller than that in WT endosperm (approximately 8.81 nm). Based on the present results, we proposed a model for the cluster structure of amylopectin in WT and ae mutant of rice endosperm. We also hypothesized the role of BEIIa in amylopectin biosynthesis in culm where BEIIb was not expressed and instead BEIIa was the major BE component in WT of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Nakamura
- Starch Technologies, Co., Ltd., Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
- Akita Natural Science Laboratory, Katagami, Japan
| | - Masami Ono
- Akita Natural Science Laboratory, Katagami, Japan
| | - Tamao Hatta
- Faculty of Risk and Crisis Management, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Japan
| | | | - Kazuki Yashiro
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Japan
| | - Go Matsuba
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Japan
| | - Akira Matsubara
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Japan
| | - Akio Miyazato
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Japan
| | - Goro Mizutani
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Japan
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117
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Mei J, Zhang L, Lin Y, Li S, Bai C, Fu Z. Pasting, Rheological, and Thermal Properties and Structural Characteristics of Large and Small
Arenga pinnata
Starch Granules. STARCH-STARKE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201900293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang‐Yang Mei
- Institute of Light Industry and Food Engineering Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Institute of Light Industry and Food Engineering Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
| | - Ying Lin
- Institute of Light Industry and Food Engineering Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
| | - Shu‐Bo Li
- Institute of Light Industry and Food Engineering Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
| | - Cong‐Hao Bai
- Institute of Light Industry and Food Engineering Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
| | - Zhen Fu
- Institute of Light Industry and Food Engineering Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
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118
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Insights into the multi-scale structure and in vitro digestibility changes of rice starch-oleic acid/linoleic acid complex induced by heat-moisture treatment. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109612. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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119
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Interactions in starch co-gelatinized with phenolic compound systems: Effect of complexity of phenolic compounds and amylose content of starch. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 247:116667. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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120
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121
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Šmídová N, Šoltýs A, Hronský V, Olčák D, Popovič Ľ, Chodák I. Aging‐induced structural relaxation in cornstarch plasticized with urea and glycerol. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natália Šmídová
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Technical University of Košice Košice Slovakia
| | - Alojz Šoltýs
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Technical University of Košice Košice Slovakia
| | - Viktor Hronský
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Technical University of Košice Košice Slovakia
| | - Dušan Olčák
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Technical University of Košice Košice Slovakia
| | - Ľuboš Popovič
- Institute of Metallurgy, Faculty of Materials, Metallurgy and Recycling Technical University of Košice Košice Slovakia
| | - Ivan Chodák
- Polymer Institute Slovak Academy of Sciences Bratislava Slovakia
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122
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Zhang K, Zhao D, Zhang X, Qu L, Zhang Y, Huang Q. Effects of the Removal of Lipids and Surface Proteins on the Physicochemical and Structural Properties of Green Wheat Starches. STARCH-STARKE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kangyi Zhang
- Center of Agricultural Products Processing Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Di Zhao
- Center of Agricultural Products Processing Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Center of Agricultural Products Processing Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Lingbo Qu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Yayuan Zhang
- Institute of Agro‐Products Processing Science and Technology Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Science Nanning Guangxi 53000 China
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science Rutgers University, New Jersey 65 Dudley Road New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA
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123
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Yang Y, Lin G, Yu X, Wu Y, Xiong F. Rice starch accumulation at different endosperm regions and physical properties under nitrogen treatment at panicle initiation stage. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 160:328-339. [PMID: 32473221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The quality of rice grain is characterized by the component, structure and physicochemical properties of starch accumulated in endosperm cell. Nitrogen uptake strongly affects rice growth and starch development. In this study, Nangeng 9108 was used to investigated the accumulation of starch in different positions of the endosperm and physical properties of starch under nitrogen treatment of panicle initiation (PI) stage. Compared with the control group (CG), nitrogen treatment group (NTG) featured a higher number of grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight. Nitrogen treatment significantly increased starch accumulation among different regions during endosperm development, which was expressed as central endosperm cells > sub-aleurone cells of abdominal endosperm > sub-aleurone cells of dorsal endosperm. The amyloplast increased by constricting and budding-type division, generated a bead-like structure and derived some vesicles. The particle size of the starch granules obtained from the NTG was smaller and the apparent amylose content was lower than those of the CG, resulting in higher relative crystallinity. Nitrogen treatment promoted double helical components and provided a higher degree of order at short-rang scale for the starch granules. This study indicated that nitrogen significantly affected the accumulation and physicochemical properties of starch in the endosperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Guoqiang Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Xurun Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Yunfei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Fei Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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124
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Zhu L, Zhang H, Wu G, Qi X, Wang L, Qian H. Effect of structure evolution of starch in rice on the textural formation of cooked rice. Food Chem 2020; 342:128205. [PMID: 33092921 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The content and composition of rice kernels are closely related to the textural properties of cooked rice. In this study, the mechanistic explanations of textural changes were linked to proton mobility, leaching behavior, and the molecular features of rice components during cooking. The decreasing trend of hardness and the formation of stickiness was mainly determined by the molecular mobility of components. The molecular weight (Mw) of starch and protein in leached solids increased with the leaching at 70-100 °C. The Mw of rice kernels at different cooking temperatures and times was similar, but the molecular size and volume varied at different stages of cooking. The dismission of the crystalline structure, C1 resonance, and lamellar structures after cooking at 100 °C for 10 min indicated that the structural evolution of starch in rice kernels was time- and temperature-dependent. These results provide a promising foundation for developing strategies to control rice cooking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Gangcheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiguang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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125
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Katoh E, Murata K, Fujita N. 13C CP/MAS NMR Can Discriminate Genetic Backgrounds of Rice Starch. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:24592-24600. [PMID: 33015477 PMCID: PMC7528316 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state cross-polarization magic-angle spinning carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C CP/MAS NMR) spectroscopy is used to analyze starch derived from plants including wheat, maize, and potato, but few reports have described its application to rice starch. Here, we combined 13C CP/MAS NMR with deconvolution and subtraction methods to analyze rice lines including mutants that are deficient in at least one enzyme involved in amylose and/or amylopectin biosynthesis. We found that differences in the content of ordered structures between rice lines could be evaluated using C1 signal deconvolution and subtraction. The content of the V-type ordered structure increased with increasing amylose content. Furthermore, starch derived from a starch synthase (SS) IIIa/starch branching enzyme (BE) IIb-deficient mutant formed B- and V-type ordered structures and significantly more nonordered structures than the other rice lines. These data indicate that 13C CP/MAS NMR analysis is useful for discriminating the genetic backgrounds of starch derived from different rice cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuko Katoh
- Advanced
Analysis Center, National Agriculture and
Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Murata
- Advanced
Analysis Center, National Agriculture and
Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Naoko Fujita
- Department
of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural
University, 241-438 Shimoshinjo-Nakano, Kaidobata-Nishi, Akita 010-0195, Japan
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126
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Xie X, Qi L, Xu C, Shen Y, Wang H, Zhang H. Understanding how the cooking methods affected structures and digestibility of native and heat-moisture treated rice starches. J Cereal Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2020.103085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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127
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Yu X, Hao D, Yang J, Ran L, Zang Y, Xiong F. Effects of low temperature at stem elongation stage on the development, morphology, and physicochemical properties of wheat starch. PeerJ 2020. [DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The low temperature in spring is a meteorological problem in wheat production because it leads to yield reduction and alteration of wheat quality. In this study, an artificial low-temperature treatment (LTT) at the stem elongation stage was implemented to investigate the starch granule development and physical and chemical properties of wheat starch. Results showed that the agronomic traits of spike, such as spike length, spikelet number per spike, and grain number per spikelet, decreased after LTT. LTT promoted the development of starch granules in developing grains at 15 days post-anthesis, resulting in increased B-type granules and reduced C-type granules with an irregular shape in mature grains. The swelling power of the starch granules was reduced, but their solubility was enhanced by LTT. The proportion of the amorphous structure within the granules increased, but the crystalline component decreased after LTT, leading to a significant reduction in the relative degree of crystallinity and double- and single-helix structures. Three types of hydrolysis showed that starch in LTT was easy to hydrolyze, resulting in a high degree of hydrolysis. The findings suggest that low temperature at the stem elongation stage can not only reduce the yield parameters of spike but also alter starch accumulation, thereby affecting the processability and structure characteristics of starch in wheat grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xurun Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co–Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri–Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
| | - Duo Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co–Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri–Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqing Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co–Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri–Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liping Ran
- Guangling College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yong Zang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co–Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri–Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co–Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri–Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
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128
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High-amylose wheat and maize starches have distinctly different granule organization and annealing behaviour: A key role for chain mobility. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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129
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Shi L, Zhong L, Zhang B, Fu X, Huang Q. Encapsulation and release characteristics of ethylene gas from V6- and V7-type crystalline starches. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:10-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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130
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Comparison on structure and physicochemical properties of starches from adzuki bean and dolichos bean. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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131
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Liu X, Luan H, Jinglin Y, Wang S, Wang S, Copeland L. A method for characterizing short-range molecular order in amorphous starch. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 242:116405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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132
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Koev TT, Muñoz-García JC, Iuga D, Khimyak YZ, Warren FJ. Structural heterogeneities in starch hydrogels. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 249:116834. [PMID: 32933678 PMCID: PMC7519636 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels have a complex, heterogeneous structure and organisation, making them promising candidates for advanced structural and cosmetics applications. Starch is an attractive material for producing hydrogels due to its low cost and biocompatibility, but the structural dynamics of polymer chains within starch hydrogels are not well understood, limiting their development and utilisation. We employed a range of NMR methodologies (CPSP/MAS, HR-MAS, HPDEC and WPT-CP) to probe the molecular mobility and water dynamics within starch hydrogels featuring a wide range of physical properties. The insights from these methods were related to bulk rheological, thermal (DSC) and crystalline (PXRD) properties. We have reported for the first time the presence of highly dynamic starch chains, behaving as solvated moieties existing in the liquid component of hydrogel systems. We have correlated the chains' degree of structural mobility with macroscopic properties of the bulk systems, providing new insights into the structure-function relationships governing hydrogel assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todor T Koev
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7TJ, UK; Food Innovation and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Juan C Muñoz-García
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Dinu Iuga
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Yaroslav Z Khimyak
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Frederick J Warren
- Food Innovation and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UQ, UK.
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133
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Starch and Glycogen Analyses: Methods and Techniques. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071020. [PMID: 32660096 PMCID: PMC7407607 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
For complex carbohydrates, such as glycogen and starch, various analytical methods and techniques exist allowing the detailed characterization of these storage carbohydrates. In this article, we give a brief overview of the most frequently used methods, techniques, and results. Furthermore, we give insights in the isolation, purification, and fragmentation of both starch and glycogen. An overview of the different structural levels of the glucans is given and the corresponding analytical techniques are discussed. Moreover, future perspectives of the analytical needs and the challenges of the currently developing scientific questions are included.
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134
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Kariuki SW, Muthengia JW, Erastus MK, Leonard GM, Marangu JM. Characterization of composite material from the copolymerized polyphenolic matrix with treated cassava peels starch. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04574. [PMID: 32775732 PMCID: PMC7394874 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional binders in the particleboards formulation involve use of formaldehyde resins. Epidemiologic studies show that formaldehyde is carcinogenic. Efforts to reduce formaldehyde emissions by use of scavengers has not been proven to reduce the emission. Molecular bonding of biobased adhesive molecules with lignocellulose materials provides an alternative way of producing composite material. In this study, maize stalk (MS), rice husks (RH) and sugarcane bagasse (SB) were used as sources of lignocellulose materials for particleboard formulation. SB, MS and RH were collected from their respective sites, sorted and dried. MS and RH were ground. Lignin content determination was done by drying lignocellulose material at 105 °C. Lignocellulose materials were prepared by hydrolysis of dried lignocellulose material with sodium hydroxide. Oxidized starch was prepared by oxidation of cassava peel starch using alkaline hydrogen peroxide. Particleboards were formulated through starch-lignocellulose polymerization at 60 °C compressed with 6.5 Nmm-2 pressure. Characterization of raw materials and formulated particleboards was done using XRD for mineralogical analysis, FTIR and NMR for elucidation of functional groups transformation. The results showed that esterification is the main process of chemical bonding in the particleboard formulation due to reaction between -COOH from starch and and OH- from lignocellulose. Etherification between hydroxyl groups from starch with hydroxyl groups from lignocellulose material. RH combined more through silication process with cassava peels starch than RH and SB showing materials containing high cellulose and hemicellulose content are more compatible. Composite materials formulated were used to produce medium density particleboards that can be used for making furniture and room partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joseph Mwiti Marangu
- Department of Physical Sciences, Meru University of Science and Technology, Meru, Kenya
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135
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Roman L, Yee J, Hayes AMR, Hamaker BR, Bertoft E, Martinez MM. On the role of the internal chain length distribution of amylopectins during retrogradation: Double helix lateral aggregation and slow digestibility. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 246:116633. [PMID: 32747268 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A structure-digestion model is proposed to explain the formation of α-amylase-slowly digestible structures during amylopectin retrogradation. Maize and potato (normal and waxy) and banana starch (normal and purified amylopectin through alcohol precipitation), were analyzed for amylose ratio and size (HPSEC) and amylopectin unit- and internal-chain length distribution (HPAEC). Banana amylopectin (BA), like waxy potato (WP), exhibited a larger number of B3-chains, fewer BS- and Bfp-chains and lower S:L and BS:BL ratios than maize, categorizing BA structurally as type-4. WP exhibited a significantly greater tendency to form double helices (DSC and 13C-NMR) than BA, which was attributed to its higher internal chain length (ICL) and fewer DP6-12-chains. However, retrograded BA was remarkably more resistant to digestion than WP. Lower number of phosphorylated B-chains, more S- and Bfp-chains and shorter ICL, were suggested to result in α-amylase-slowly digestible structures through further lateral packing of double helices (suggested by thermo-rheology) in type-4 amylopectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Roman
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Josephine Yee
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Anna M R Hayes
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Bruce R Hamaker
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Eric Bertoft
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Mario M Martinez
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; Department of Food Science, iFOOD Multidisciplinary Center, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark.
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136
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Lu Y, Zhang X, Yang Y, Qi Y, Hao W, Wang L, Liu Q, Ling Y, Zhang C. Relationship between structure and physicochemical properties of ginkgo starches from seven cultivars. Food Chem 2020; 314:125082. [PMID: 31982853 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The structures and physicochemical properties of ginkgo starches from seven cultivars were investigated and their relationships analyzed. The ginkgo starches had oval or irregular shapes, size distributions with a unimodal peak, and an A-type crystal pattern. The fine structures, crystalline structures, and physicochemical properties varied significantly among these ginkgo starches. Pearson correlation analysis and a PCA loading plot indicated that amylopectin A-chains and amylose had negative effects on the IR ratio, Imax, and D, while amylopectin B-chains had a clear positive effect on the relative crystallinity. Furthermore, the amylopectin short B1-chains and long B-chains contributed amorphous and single-helix structures, respectively. The thermal properties of the ginkgo starches were mainly influenced by the amylopectin B-chains and Imax, while the pasting properties were mainly influenced by amylopectin B-chains and helical structures. These results indicated that the starch fine structures and crystalline structures had significant effects on the physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Instrumental Analysis Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yan Qi
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Weizhuo Hao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Qiaoquan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Yuping Ling
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Changquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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137
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Zou J, Xu M, Wen L, Yang B. Structure and physicochemical properties of native starch and resistant starch in Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.). Carbohydr Polym 2020; 237:116188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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138
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139
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He H, Chi C, Xie F, Li X, Liang Y, Chen L. Improving the in vitro digestibility of rice starch by thermomechanically assisted complexation with guar gum. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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140
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Niu W, Pu H, Liu G, Fang C, Yang Q, Chen Z, Huang J. Effect of repeated heat-moisture treatments on the structural characteristics of nanocrystals from waxy maize starch. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 158:732-739. [PMID: 32360966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The effect of repeated heat-moisture treatment (RHMT) on the structural characteristics of waxy maize starch nanocrystals was investigated. Compared with native waxy maize starch (WMS), waxy maize starch nanocrystals (WMSNs) changed the crystalline pattern from A-type to B-type, and displayed the lower crystallinity (RC), molecular order (MO), enthalpy (∆H) and double-helix (DH) content, indicating a reduction in the long- and short-range orders of starch molecules. Single heat-moisture treatment significantly increased values, including RC, MO, α (power law exponent obtained by SAXS), ∆H, DH, and the melting temperatures (To, Tp and Tc), while repeated heat-moisture treatment further increased values of these parameters except ∆H, indicating the reinforcement of the long- and short-range orders of WMSNs. In addition, repeated heat-moisture treatment also caused a gradual conversion from B-type to "A + B"-type (Cb, Cc to Ca polymorphs in sequence) and finally to A-type crystallites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Niu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Weiyang District, 710021 Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Natural Food Macromolecule Research Center, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Weiyang District, 710021 Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Huayin Pu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Weiyang District, 710021 Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Natural Food Macromolecule Research Center, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Weiyang District, 710021 Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Gemei Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Weiyang District, 710021 Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Natural Food Macromolecule Research Center, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Weiyang District, 710021 Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chenlu Fang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Weiyang District, 710021 Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Natural Food Macromolecule Research Center, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Weiyang District, 710021 Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Qi Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Weiyang District, 710021 Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Natural Food Macromolecule Research Center, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Weiyang District, 710021 Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhiguang Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Weiyang District, 710021 Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Department of Agricultural Technology, Neijiang Vocational and Technical College, Dongxing District, 641000 Neijiang, Sichuan Province, China; Natural Food Macromolecule Research Center, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Weiyang District, 710021 Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Junrong Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Weiyang District, 710021 Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Natural Food Macromolecule Research Center, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Weiyang District, 710021 Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
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141
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Chen X, Shao S, Chen M, Hou C, Yu X, Xiong F. Morphology and Physicochemical Properties of Starch from Waxy and Non‐Waxy Barley. STARCH-STARKE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201900206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and PhysiologyYangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China
- Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‐Product Safety of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China
- College of Biological Science and TechnologyYangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China
| | - Shanshan Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and PhysiologyYangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China
- Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‐Product Safety of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China
- College of Biological Science and TechnologyYangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China
| | - Mingxin Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and PhysiologyYangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China
- Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‐Product Safety of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China
- College of Biological Science and TechnologyYangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China
| | - Chunpu Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and PhysiologyYangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China
- Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‐Product Safety of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China
- College of Biological Science and TechnologyYangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China
| | - Xurun Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and PhysiologyYangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China
- Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‐Product Safety of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China
- College of Biological Science and TechnologyYangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and PhysiologyYangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China
- Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‐Product Safety of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China
- College of Biological Science and TechnologyYangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China
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142
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Long-term low shear-induced highly viscous waxy potato starch gel formed through intermolecular double helices. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 232:115815. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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143
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Lin G, Yang Y, Chen X, Yu X, Wu Y, Xiong F. Effects of high temperature during two growth stages on caryopsis development and physicochemical properties of starch in rice. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 145:301-310. [PMID: 31874272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Global warming may affect the development of rice at different growth stages, thereby decreasing rice yield and deteriorating grain quality. The difference in rice responses to high temperature during primordial differentiation (PD) and pollen filling (PF) stages has been rarely studied. In this paper, two temperature treatments (40 °C and 30 °C) at the two stages (PD and PF) were imposed to four rice groups under the controlled temperature chambers. Compared with rice under normal temperature, high temperature-stressed rice showed accelerated growth rate, smaller caryopsis and decreased yield. Moreover, high temperature affected the starch physicochemical properties, resulting in lower apparent amylose content and higher order degree, gelatinization temperatures, and thereby increased peak, trough and final viscosities in starch. High temperature during PD stage inhibited cell development and starch deposition, thus leading to small starch granule and low retrogradation. However, temperature-stressed rice during PF stage showed increased starch accumulation and larger granule size. Therefore, effects of high temperature during the two stages on caryopsis development and starch properties were partly similar but also notably different. These results enriched and deepened the study of high temperature-stressed rice and served as an important reference for the processing and utilization of rice starch in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xurun Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Yunfei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Fei Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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144
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Li N, Guo Y, Zhao S, Kong J, Qiao D, Lin L, Lin Q, Zhang B. Amylose content and molecular-order stability synergistically affect the digestion rate of indica rice starches. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 144:373-379. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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145
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Baran A, Vrábel P, Kovaľaková M, Hutníková M, Fričová O, Olčák D. Effects of sorbitol and formamide plasticizers on molecular motion in corn starch studied using NMR and DMTA. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Baran
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and InformaticsTechnical University of Košice Park Komenského 2 042 00 Košice Slovakia
| | - P. Vrábel
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and InformaticsTechnical University of Košice Park Komenského 2 042 00 Košice Slovakia
| | - M. Kovaľaková
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and InformaticsTechnical University of Košice Park Komenského 2 042 00 Košice Slovakia
| | - M. Hutníková
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and InformaticsTechnical University of Košice Park Komenského 2 042 00 Košice Slovakia
| | - O. Fričová
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and InformaticsTechnical University of Košice Park Komenského 2 042 00 Košice Slovakia
| | - D. Olčák
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and InformaticsTechnical University of Košice Park Komenského 2 042 00 Košice Slovakia
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146
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Nakamura Y, Ono M, Hatta T, Kainuma K, Yashiro K, Matsuba G, Matsubara A, Miyazato A, Mizutani G. Effects of BEIIb-Deficiency on the Cluster Structure of Amylopectin and the Internal Structure of Starch Granules in Endosperm and Culm of Japonica-Type Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:571346. [PMID: 33312184 PMCID: PMC7704622 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.571346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
It is known that one of starch branching enzyme (BE) isoforms, BEIIb, plays a specific role not only in the synthesis of distinct amylopectin cluster structure, but also in the formation of the internal structure of starch granules in rice endosperm because in its absence the starch crystalline polymorph changes to the B-type from the typical A-type found in the wild-type (WT) cereal endosperm starch granules. In the present study, to examine the contribution of BEIIb to the amylopectin cluster structure, the chain-length distributions of amylopectin and its phosphorylase-limit dextrins (Φ-LD) from endosperm and culm of a null be2b mutant called amylose-extender (ae) mutant line, EM10, were compared with those of its WT cultivar, Kinmaze, of japonica rice. The results strongly suggest that BEIIb specifically formed new short chains whose branch points were localized in the basal part of the crystalline lamellae and presumably in the intermediate between the crystalline and amorphous lamellae of amylopectin clusters in the WT endosperm, whereas in its absence branch points which were mainly formed by BEI were only located in the amorphous lamellae of amylopectin. These differences in the cluster structure of amylopectin between Kinmaze and EM10 endosperm were considered to be responsible for the differences in the A-type and B-type crystalline structures of starch granules between Kinmaze and EM10, respectively. The changes in internal structure of starch granules caused by BEIIb were analyzed by wide angle X-ray diffraction, small-angle X-ray scattering, solid state 13C NMR, and optical sum frequency generation spectroscopy. It was noted that the size the amylopectin cluster in ae endosperm (approximately 8.24 nm) was significantly smaller than that in WT endosperm (approximately 8.81 nm). Based on the present results, we proposed a model for the cluster structure of amylopectin in WT and ae mutant of rice endosperm. We also hypothesized the role of BEIIa in amylopectin biosynthesis in culm where BEIIb was not expressed and instead BEIIa was the major BE component in WT of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Nakamura
- Starch Technologies, Co., Ltd., Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
- Akita Natural Science Laboratory, Katagami, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yasunori Nakamura,
| | - Masami Ono
- Akita Natural Science Laboratory, Katagami, Japan
| | - Tamao Hatta
- Faculty of Risk and Crisis Management, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Japan
| | | | - Kazuki Yashiro
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Japan
| | - Go Matsuba
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Japan
| | - Akira Matsubara
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Japan
| | - Akio Miyazato
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Japan
| | - Goro Mizutani
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Japan
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147
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Wu C, Wu QY, Wu M, Jiang W, Qian JY, Rao SQ, Zhang L, Li Q, Zhang C. Effect of pulsed electric field on properties and multi-scale structure of japonica rice starch. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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148
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Annealing improves the concentration and controlled release of encapsulated ethylene in V-type starch. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 141:947-954. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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149
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Chang R, Ji N, Li M, Qiu L, Sun C, Bian X, Qiu H, Xiong L, Sun Q. Green preparation and characterization of starch nanoparticles using a vacuum cold plasma process combined with ultrasonication treatment. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 58:104660. [PMID: 31450355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, starch nanoparticles (SNPs) were fabricated via a facile and green method involving a vacuum low-temperature plasma process combined with rapid ultrasonication treatment using waxy corn starch (WCS) and potato starch (PS). Morphology, size, crystalline structure, thermal property, and stability analyses of the SNPs were systematically performed. The obtained SNPs exhibited good uniformity and almost perfect spherical and square shapes. The zeta potential and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results confirmed that the SNPs were covered with negative carboxyl groups (zeta potential ranging from -21.8 ± 1.06 to -9.78 ± 0.89 mV). The gelatinization enthalpy of SNPs from PS significantly decreased, changing from 16.63 ± 0.91 to 9.81 ± 0.19 J/g. However, the crystal patterns of SNPs from the WCS and PS after plasma and ultrasonic treatments did not change. The crystallinity of SNPs from PS decreased from 45.2% to 16.5%. This novel approach to preparing SNPs is low cost, simple and green. The developed SNPs could have great potential in the food, biomedical, and material industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Na Ji
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Man Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Lizhong Qiu
- Zhucheng Xingmao Corn Developing Co., Ltd, Weifang, Shandong Province 262200, China
| | - Chunrui Sun
- Zhucheng Xingmao Corn Developing Co., Ltd, Weifang, Shandong Province 262200, China
| | - Xiliang Bian
- Zhucheng Xingmao Corn Developing Co., Ltd, Weifang, Shandong Province 262200, China
| | - Hongwei Qiu
- Zhucheng Xingmao Corn Developing Co., Ltd, Weifang, Shandong Province 262200, China
| | - Liu Xiong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Qingjie Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China.
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150
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Location and interactions of starches in planta: Effects on food and nutritional functionality. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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