101
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Zhu ZB, Shi M. Acid-Catalyzed Cascade Ring-Opening and Addition Reactions of Arylvinylcyclopropenes with α,β-Unsaturated Substrates, Scope and Limitations. J Org Chem 2009; 74:2481-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jo802786r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032 China, and Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032 China, and Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
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102
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González-Navarrete P, Coto PB, Polo V, Andrés J. A theoretical study on the thermal ring opening rearrangement of 1H-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexa-3,5-dien-2-one: a case of two state reactivity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:7189-96. [DOI: 10.1039/b906404d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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103
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Abstract
A new two-dimensional classification of singlet carbenes based on the difference in reactivity of their insertion reactions into the C-H bonds of acetonitrile and isobutane is presented. This classification combines the stability and the philicity of divalent species. Until now all of the experimentally based philicity scales are based on the addition to alkenes. Moreover, a new terminology for describing the reactivity of carbenes is introduced. Among the alkyl carbenes, acetyl carbene (2) and cyclopentadienylidene are shown as highly reactive electrophilic carbenes, whereas the other alkylidenes and alkenylidenes investigated are all less active than 2 and more nucleophilic. The stabilized-nucleophilic bicyclo[2.1.1]hex-2-en-5-ylidene (13) possesses a stability similar to that of cyclic alkyl amino carbene (CAAC) 18 and aminophosphoniocarbene 7. Strong hydrogen bridging is found between a C-H bond of acetonitrile and the nucleophilic carbenes 13 and 14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Mieusset
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Wien, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090 Wien, Austria
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104
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Bissember AC, Phillis AT, Banwell MG, Willis AC. Base-Promoted Reactions of Dichlorocarbene Adducts of Cyclic Enamines: A New Route to Annulated Pyrroles. Org Lett 2007; 9:5421-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ol7021774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex C. Bissember
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Andrew T. Phillis
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Martin G. Banwell
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Anthony C. Willis
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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105
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Weber KH, Zhang J. Mechanistic Study of Thermal Decomposition of Isoprene (2-Methyl-1,3-Butadiene) Using Flash Pyrolysis Supersonic Jet VUV Photoionization Mass Spectrometry. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:11487-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jp075689+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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106
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Rubin M, Rubina M, Gevorgyan V. Transition metal chemistry of cyclopropenes and cyclopropanes. Chem Rev 2007; 107:3117-79. [PMID: 17622181 DOI: 10.1021/cr050988l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1047] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rubin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA.
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107
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108
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Moss RA, Tian J, Sauers RR, Sheridan RS, Bhakta A, Zuev PS. Kinetic Studies of the Cyclization of Singlet Vinylchlorocarbenes. Org Lett 2005; 7:4645-8. [PMID: 16209500 DOI: 10.1021/ol051743y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Vinylchlorocarbenes (R = Me or Cl) cyclize to cyclopropenes with k = (2.4-5.1) x 10(7) s(-1) or (3.1-4.5) x 10(6) s(-1), respectively, in solution at room temperature. The corresponding E(a) values are 6.6 and 5.7 kcal/mol. Excited diazirines are also likely precursors of the cyclopropenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Moss
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA.
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109
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Yamashita M, Inaba T, Nagahama M, Shimizu T, Kosaka S, Kawasaki I, Ohta S. Novel stereoconvergent transformation of 1,2a-disubstituted 1,2,2a,8b-tetrahydro-3H-benzo[b]cyclobuta[d]pyran-3-ones to 1,3-disubstituted 1,2,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-4-ols and its application to the second-generation synthesis of (+/-)-linderol A. Org Biomol Chem 2005; 3:2296-304. [PMID: 16010364 DOI: 10.1039/b503890a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1,2a-Disubstituted 1,2,2a,8b-tetrahydro-3H-benzo[b]cyclobuta[d]pyran-3-ones bearing an electron-withdrawing group at the 2a-position were treated with two equivalents of dimethylsulfoxonium methylide to give r-1,t-4a,t-9b-1,3-disubstituted 1,2,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-4-ols stereoconvergently regardless of the stereochemistry of the 1-position on the benzocyclobutapyran ring. This methodology was applied to the second-generation synthesis of (+/-)-linderol A, a melanin biosynthesis inhibitory natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Yamashita
- Department of Functional Molecular Chemistry, 21st COE Program, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi-Nakauchi 5, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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110
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Molchanov AP, Diev VV, Magull J, Vidovi? D, Kozhushkov SI, de Meijere A, Kostikov RR. Carbonyl Ylide Cycloadditions to C,C-Double Bonds of Methylenecyclopropanes. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200400601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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111
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Abstract
Cyclopropene is the last of the small strained ring hydrocarbons to have its thermal decomposition subjected to intensive investigation. This critical review describes the nearly 40 year history of this investigation largely by gas kinetic methods with chromatographic analysis. These studies have revealed that cyclopropenes can decompose by a variety of mechanisms involving diradicals, vinylcarbenes and vinylidenes. Much detailed information has been obtained about the reactivity of these intermediates which has wider implications for thermal hydrocarbon pyrolysis. Theory has also played a important role. Cyclopropene itself has been shown to be an intermediate in the allene --> propyne rearrangement. The story itself illustrates how the evolution of mechanistic understanding has been anything but straightforward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Walsh
- School of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, UK.
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112
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Zuev PS, Sheridan RS. Singlet vinylcarbenes: spectroscopy and photochemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:12220-1. [PMID: 15453727 DOI: 10.1021/ja046309q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first direct spectroscopic characterization of singlet vinylcarbenes is reported. Several vinyl amidines were converted to the corresponding vinylchlorodiazirines through straightforward Graham oxidation. Irradiation of the diazirines at 8 K in N2 matrices gave the corresponding singlet vinylchlorocarbenes, which could be characterized by IR, UV/vis, and calculational modeling. Hence, vinylchlorocarbene, 1-methylvinylchlorocarbene, and 1-cyclopentenylchlorocarbene were all generated and investigated. The spectra are consistent with localized carbene structures compared to the very delocalized triplet vinylcarbenes. In all cases, the carbenes readily cyclize to the corresponding cyclopropenes on visible irradiation, together with H-shift in the parent vinylchlorocarbene. In the cyclopentenyl system, cyclization leads to a highly strained bicyclo[3.1.0]hexene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Zuev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
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113
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Abstract
1-Phenylcyclopropene (1) was synthesized by treatment of 1,1,2-tribromo-2-phenylcyclopropane (2) with 2.5 equiv of methyllithium followed by protonation. Compound 1 underwent ene dimerization to form ene dimer 5 followed by ene reaction with monomer 1 (enophile) to give an ene trimer 6. Both of these two ene reactions derived endo transition states. In the meantime, the [2+2] adduct, trans-1,2-diphenylbicyclo[3.1.0.0(2,4)]hexane (7), was also formed. When the adduct 7 was heated at THF refluxing temperature, 1,2-diphenylcyclohexa-1,4-diene (8) was obtained. Compound 8 was treated with DDQ to yield o-diphenylbenzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gon-Ann Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, Hsinchuang, Taipei 24205, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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114
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Isobe H, Sato S, Tanaka T, Tokuyama H, Nakamura E. Thermal and Palladium-Catalyzed [3 + 2] Synthesis of Cyclopentadienone Acetals from Cyclopropenone Acetals and Acetylenes. Org Lett 2004; 6:3569-71. [PMID: 15387550 DOI: 10.1021/ol0483450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Substituted cyclopentadienone acetals (CPDAs) were synthesized by a thermal or palladium-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of a substituted cyclopropenone acetal to an electron-deficient acetylene. The synthesis afforded di-, tri-, and tetra-substituted CPDAs of considerable structural varieties that undergo Diels-Alder reaction to produce bicyclo[2.2.1]heptenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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115
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Knorr R. Alkylidenecarbenes, Alkylidenecarbenoids, and Competing Species: Which Is Responsible for Vinylic Nucleophilic Substitution, [1 + 2] Cycloadditions, 1,5-CH Insertions, and the Fritsch−Buttenberg−Wiechell Rearrangement? Chem Rev 2004; 104:3795-850. [PMID: 15352780 DOI: 10.1021/cr030616h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Knorr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 München, Germany.
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116
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Evaluation of 13C NMR spectra of cyclopropenyl and cyclopropyl acetylenes by theoretical calculations. OPEN CHEM 2004. [DOI: 10.2478/bf02476190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractA convenient methodology was developed for a very accurate calculation of 13C NMR chemical shifts of the title compounds. GIAO calculations with density functional methods (B3LYP, B3PW91, PBE1PBE) and 6-311+G(2d,p) basis set predict experimental chemical shifts of 3-ethynylcyclopropene (1), 1-ethynylcyclopropane (2) and 1,1-diethynylcyclopropane (3) with high accuracy of 1–2 ppm. The present article describes in detail the effect of geometry choice, density functional method, basis set and effect of solvent on the accuracy of GIAO calculations of 13C NMR chemical shifts. In addition, the particular dependencies of 13C chemical shifts on the geometry of cyclopropane ring were investigated.
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117
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Gilbertson RD, Wu HP, Gorman-Lewis D, Weakley TJ, Weiss HC, Boese R, Haley MM. An unusually robust triple bond: synthesis, structure and reactivity of 3-alkynylcyclopropenes. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2003.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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118
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Sheshenev AE, Baird MS, Croft AK, Bolesov IG. Generation and stereocontrolled trapping of 3-phenylcyclopropene and its derivatives. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2004. [DOI: 10.1070/mc2004v014n06abeh002061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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119
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Gilbertson RD, Lau TLS, Lanza S, Wu HP, Weakley TJR, Haley MM. Synthesis, Spectroscopy, and Structure of a Family of Iridabenzenes Generated by the Reaction of Vaska-Type Complexes with a Nucleophilic 3-Vinyl-1-cyclopropene. Organometallics 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/om030394d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas L. S. Lau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253
| | - Seren Lanza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253
| | - He-Ping Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253
| | | | - Michael M. Haley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253
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