101
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Liu Z, Feng X, Du H. Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Formal Cycloadditions of Racemic Butadiene Monoxide with Imines. Org Lett 2012; 14:3154-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol301248d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqun Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiangqing Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haifeng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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102
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Wang YB, Su Q, Wang RM. Exploring the gas-phase reaction of methylenecyclopropane anion with N2O from theoretical viewpoint. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2011.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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103
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Howell GP. Asymmetric and Diastereoselective Conjugate Addition Reactions: C–C Bond Formation at Large Scale. Org Process Res Dev 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/op200381w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gareth P. Howell
- Chemical Science, AstraZeneca, Silk Road Business Park, Charter Way, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
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104
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Lumpi D, Wagner C, Schöpf M, Horkel E, Ramer G, Lendl B, Fröhlich J. Fibre optic ATR-IR spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures: in-line reaction monitoring on organolithium compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:2451-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc16016a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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105
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Kutsumura N, Iijima M, Toguchi S, Saito T. 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene-promoted Regioselective Elimination of Vicinal Dibromides Having an AdjacentO- and/orN-Functional Group. CHEM LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2011.1231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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106
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107
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Jakobsen S, Tilset M. A rapid synthesis of asymmetric alkyl- and aryl-2,9-disubstitued 1,10-phenanthrolines. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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108
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Perna FM, Salomone A, Dammacco M, Florio S, Capriati V. Solvent and TMEDA Effects on the Configurational Stability of Chiral Lithiated Aryloxiranes. Chemistry 2011; 17:8216-25. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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109
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Godany TA, Neuhold YM, Hungerbühler K. Combined in Situ Monitoring Method for Analysis and Optimization of the Lithiation-Fluoroacetylation of N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-Pivalamide. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie102407h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamas A. Godany
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Safety and Environmental Technology Group, ETH Zurich, HCI 130, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yorck-Michael Neuhold
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Safety and Environmental Technology Group, ETH Zurich, HCI 130, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Hungerbühler
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Safety and Environmental Technology Group, ETH Zurich, HCI 130, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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110
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Belen’kii L, Gramenitskaya V, Evdokimenkova Y. The Literature of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Part X, 2005–2007. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385464-3.00001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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111
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Aguilar D, Fernández I, Cuesta L, Yañez-Rodríguez V, Soler T, Navarro R, Urriolabeitia EP, López Ortiz F. Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of N-Benzoyl Iminophosphoranes Ortho Lithiated at the Benzoyl Group. J Org Chem 2010; 75:6452-62. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101151s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Aguilar
- Departamento de Compuestos Organometálicos, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC−Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ignacio Fernández
- Área de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Crta. Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Luciano Cuesta
- Departamento de Compuestos Organometálicos, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC−Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Víctor Yañez-Rodríguez
- Área de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Crta. Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Tatiana Soler
- Servicios Técnicos de Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias Fase II, 03690, San Vicente de Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Rafael Navarro
- Departamento de Compuestos Organometálicos, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC−Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Esteban P. Urriolabeitia
- Departamento de Compuestos Organometálicos, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC−Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fernando López Ortiz
- Área de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Crta. Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
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112
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Capriati V, Florio S. Anatomy of long-lasting love affairs with lithium carbenoids: past and present status and future prospects. Chemistry 2010; 16:4152-62. [PMID: 20222089 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
After a long adolescence, the chemistry of lithium carbenoids has currently been entering its maturity bringing a dowry of a more in-depth and less empirical knowledge of the structure and configurational stability of such double-faced intermediates; this, thanks in particular to the synergistic and harmonic cooperation between calculations and the most modern NMR techniques now at our disposal. Such knowledge has stimulated the development of fruitful stereoselective applications in the field of organic synthesis, providing in addition a rationale to observed selectivities. Such aspects together with the role played by aggregation and solvation on the structure-reactivity relationship are highlighted throughout this Minireview with selected examples extracted from recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Bari Aldo Moro, Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale Metodologie e Processi Innovativi di Sintesi C.I.N.M.P.I.S. Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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113
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Fernández I, Oña-Burgos P, Oliva JM, Ortiz FL. Solution and Computed Structure of o-Lithium N,N-Diisopropyl-P,P-diphenylphosphinic Amide. Unprecedented Li−O−Li−O Self-Assembly of an Aryllithium. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:5193-204. [DOI: 10.1021/ja910556a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Fernández
- Área de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Crta. Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almeria, Spain, and Instituto de Química-Física “Rocasolano”, CSIC, Serrano 119, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pascual Oña-Burgos
- Área de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Crta. Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almeria, Spain, and Instituto de Química-Física “Rocasolano”, CSIC, Serrano 119, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep M. Oliva
- Área de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Crta. Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almeria, Spain, and Instituto de Química-Física “Rocasolano”, CSIC, Serrano 119, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando López Ortiz
- Área de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Crta. Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almeria, Spain, and Instituto de Química-Física “Rocasolano”, CSIC, Serrano 119, Madrid, Spain
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114
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Mu WH, Chasse GA, Fang DC. A Synergy between Experiment and Theory for the Formation of Pyridine and Pyrrole Derivatives from Selected Butadienes and Organolithium Reagents: Mechanism, Solvent, and Substituent Effect. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900242g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hua Mu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, Yunnan, P. R. of China
| | - Gregory A. Chasse
- School of Chemistry, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, U.K
- Global Institute Of Computational Molecular and Materials Science (GIOCOMMS), Toronto/Budapest/Beijing
| | - De-Cai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. of China
- Global Institute Of Computational Molecular and Materials Science (GIOCOMMS), Toronto/Budapest/Beijing
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115
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De Vries TS, Goswami A, Liou LR, Gruver JM, Jayne E, Collum DB. Lithium phenolates solvated by tetrahydrofuran and 1,2-dimethoxyethane: structure determination using the method of continuous variation. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:13142-54. [PMID: 19702308 PMCID: PMC2752606 DOI: 10.1021/ja9047784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The method of continuous variation in conjunction with (6)Li NMR spectroscopy was used to characterize lithium phenolates solvated by tetrahydrofuran and 1,2-dimethoxyethane. The strategy relies on the formation of ensembles of homo- and heteroaggregated phenolates. The symmetries and concentration dependencies of the heteroaggregates attest to the aggregation numbers of the homoaggregates. The structurally diverse phenols afford substrate- and solvent-dependent combinations of lithium phenolate monomers, dimers, trimers, tetramers, and pentamers. We discuss the refinement of protocols for characterizing O-lithiated species. Computational studies examine further the substituent and solvent dependencies of aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S De Vries
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, USA
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116
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Khairallah GN, Thum C, O’Hair RAJ. A Second Metal Center Enhances the Reactivity of an Organomagnesate: Comparison of the Gas-Phase Reactions of Water with [RCCMgCl2]− and [RCCMg2Cl4]− (R = H, Ph). Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900426h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George N. Khairallah
- School of Chemistry
- Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology
- ARC Center of Excellence in Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology
| | - Charlene Thum
- School of Chemistry
- Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology
| | - Richard A. J. O’Hair
- School of Chemistry
- Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology
- ARC Center of Excellence in Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology
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117
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LIANG J, GENG Z, WANG Y. Theoretical Study on Reaction of Furan Anion with N 2O in Gas Phase. CHINESE J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200990211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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118
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Camarero C, González-Temprano I, Gómez-SanJuan A, Arrasate S, Lete E, Sotomayor N. Stereocontrolled conjugate additions to dihydroindolizinone systems. Synthesis of enantiopure polysubstituted tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolones. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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119
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Yokoyama R, Matsumoto S, Nomura S, Higaki T, Yokoyama T, Kiyooka SI. Enantioselective construction of nitrogen-substituted quaternary carbon centers adjacent to the carbonyl group in the cyclohexane ring: first asymmetric synthesis of anesthetic (S)-ketamine with high selectivity. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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120
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Luderer MR, Bailey WF, Luderer MR, Fair JD, Dancer RJ, Sommer MB. Asymmetric addition of achiral organomagnesium reagents or organolithiums to achiral aldehydes or ketones: a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2009.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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121
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Hurley ER, He X, Brown SN, Henderson KW. Dramatic Effect of Aggregation on Rates and Thermodynamics of Stereoisomerization of Magnesium Enolates. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:6056-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja809716j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin R. Hurley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670
| | - Xuyang He
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670
| | - Seth N. Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670
| | - Kenneth W. Henderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670
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122
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Puchta R, Pasgreta E, van Eldik R. Ligand exchange processes on the smallest solvated alkali and alkaline earth metal cations: An experimental and theoretical approach. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0898-8838(09)00209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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123
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Gruver JM, Liou LR, McNeil AJ, Ramirez A, Collum DB. Solution structures of lithium enolates, phenolates, carboxylates, and alkoxides in the presence of N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine: a prevalence of cyclic dimers. J Org Chem 2008; 73:7743-7. [PMID: 18781812 PMCID: PMC2636848 DOI: 10.1021/jo801532d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The method of continuous variation was used to characterize lithium enolates, phenolates, carboxylates, and alkoxides solvated by N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA). The method relies on characterizing an ensemble of homo- and heteroaggregates using (6)Li NMR spectroscopy. A combination of aggregate counts and symmetries, nearly statistical distributions, and quantitative parametric fits revealed that cyclic dimers are the dominant forms. Nonstatistical distributions favoring heteroaggregated dimers were observed when hindered enolates and carboxylates were mixed with unhindered enolates. Hindered (tertiary) alkoxides form higher aggregates (possibly hexamers), whereas hindered lithium phenolates appear to form TMEDA-solvated monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn M. Gruver
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
| | - Lara R. Liou
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
| | - Anne J. McNeil
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
| | - Antonio Ramirez
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
| | - David B. Collum
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
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124
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Ruiz-Gómez G, Francesch A, José Iglesias M, López-Ortiz F, Cuevas C, Serrano-Ruiz M. Dearomatizing Anionic Cyclization of Phosphonamides. A Route to Phosphonic Acid Derivatives with Antitumor Properties. Org Lett 2008; 10:3981-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ol801463g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Ruiz-Gómez
- Área de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento, 04120 Almería, Spain, PharmaMar S.A., Av. de los Reyes, 1, P.I. La Mina, 28770, Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain, and Área de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Andrés Francesch
- Área de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento, 04120 Almería, Spain, PharmaMar S.A., Av. de los Reyes, 1, P.I. La Mina, 28770, Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain, and Área de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - María José Iglesias
- Área de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento, 04120 Almería, Spain, PharmaMar S.A., Av. de los Reyes, 1, P.I. La Mina, 28770, Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain, and Área de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Fernando López-Ortiz
- Área de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento, 04120 Almería, Spain, PharmaMar S.A., Av. de los Reyes, 1, P.I. La Mina, 28770, Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain, and Área de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Carmen Cuevas
- Área de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento, 04120 Almería, Spain, PharmaMar S.A., Av. de los Reyes, 1, P.I. La Mina, 28770, Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain, and Área de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Manuel Serrano-Ruiz
- Área de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento, 04120 Almería, Spain, PharmaMar S.A., Av. de los Reyes, 1, P.I. La Mina, 28770, Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain, and Área de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento, 04120, Almería, Spain
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125
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Li D, Sun C, Williard PG. Characterization of a Chiral Enolate Aggregate and Observation of 6Li−1H Scalar Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:11726-36. [DOI: 10.1021/ja802114j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Chengzao Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Paul G. Williard
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
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126
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Godenschwager P, Collum DB. Lithium hexamethyldisilazide-mediated enolizations: influence of triethylamine on E/Z selectivities and enolate reactivities. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:8726-32. [PMID: 18557616 PMCID: PMC3021125 DOI: 10.1021/ja800250q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lithium hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS) in triethylamine (Et 3N)/toluene is shown to enolize acyclic ketones and esters rapidly and with high E/ Z selectivity. Mechanistic studies reveal a dimer-based mechanism consistent with previous studies of LiHMDS/Et 3N. E/ Z equilibration occurs when <2.0 equiv of LiHMDS are used. Studies of the aldol condensation and Ireland-Claisen rearrangement of the resulting Et 3N-solvated enolates show higher and often complementary diastereoselectivities when compared with analogous reactions in THF. The Et 3N-solvated enolates also display a marked (20-fold) acceleration of the Ireland-Claisen rearrangement with evidence of autocatalysis. A possible importance of amine-solvated enolates is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Godenschwager
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
| | - David B. Collum
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
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127
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Oña-Burgos P, Fernández I, Roces L, Torre-Fernández L, García-Granda S, López-Ortiz F. Asymmetric Deprotonation−Substitution of N-Pop-benzylamines Using [RLi/(−)-Sparteine]. Enantioselective Sequential Reactions and Synthesis of N-Heterocycles. Org Lett 2008; 10:3195-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ol801027p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascual Oña-Burgos
- Área de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain, and Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ignacio Fernández
- Área de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain, and Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura Roces
- Área de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain, and Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura Torre-Fernández
- Área de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain, and Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Santiago García-Granda
- Área de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain, and Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Fernando López-Ortiz
- Área de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain, and Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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128
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Salomone A, Capriati V, Florio S, Luisi R. Michael Addition of Ortho-Lithiated Aryloxiranes to α,β-Unsaturated Malonates: Synthesis of Tetrahydroindenofuranones. Org Lett 2008; 10:1947-50. [DOI: 10.1021/ol800437s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Salomone
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Bari, Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale Metodologie e Processi Innovativi di Sintesi C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E.Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Bari, Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale Metodologie e Processi Innovativi di Sintesi C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E.Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Saverio Florio
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Bari, Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale Metodologie e Processi Innovativi di Sintesi C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E.Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Bari, Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale Metodologie e Processi Innovativi di Sintesi C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E.Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
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129
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Liou LR, McNeil AJ, Ramirez A, Toombes GES, Gruver JM, Collum DB. Lithium enolates of simple ketones: structure determination using the method of continuous variation. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:4859-68. [PMID: 18336025 PMCID: PMC2636850 DOI: 10.1021/ja7100642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The method of continuous variation in conjunction with 6Li NMR spectroscopy was used to characterize lithium enolates derived from 1-indanone, cyclohexanone, and cyclopentanone in solution. The strategy relies on forming ensembles of homo- and heteroaggregated enolates. The enolates form exclusively chelated dimers in N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine and cubic tetramers in tetrahydrofuran and 1,2-dimethoxyethane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara R Liou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, USA
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130
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Bauder C. Diastereofacial selectivity in aldol-type condensation induced by optically pure α-sulfinyl acetate with α-substituted aldehydes. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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131
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Chase PA, Lutz M, Spek AL, Gossage RA, van Koten G. Solid-state and solution structures of hetero-aggregates formed between nBuLi and NCN pincer aryl lithium. Dalton Trans 2008:5783-90. [DOI: 10.1039/b805092a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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132
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Abstract
The increasing demand for stable isotopically labeled compounds has led to an increased interest in H/D-exchange reactions at carbon centers. Today deuterium-labeled compounds are used as internal standards in mass spectrometry or to help elucidate mechanistic theories. Access to these deuterated compounds takes place significantly more efficiently and more cost effectively by exchange of hydrogen by deuterium in the target molecule than by classical synthesis. This Review will concentrate on the preparative application of the H/D-exchange reaction in the preparation of deuterium-labeled compounds. Advances over the last ten years are brought together and critically evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Atzrodt
- Isotope Chemistry Metabolite Synthesis (ICMS), Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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133
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Cozzi PG, Hilgraf R, Zimmermann N. Enantioselective Catalytic Formation of Quaternary Stereogenic Centers. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pier Giorgio Cozzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Fax: +39‐051‐2099456
| | - Robert Hilgraf
- Celgene Corp., 4550 Towne Centre Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA, Fax: +1‐858‐795‐4719
| | - Nicole Zimmermann
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 11010 Torreyana Road, San Diego, CA 92121, USA, Fax: +1‐858‐404‐6726
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134
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Puleo GL, Iuliano A. Methyl 12-[d-prolinoylamino]cholate as a versatile organocatalyst for the asymmetric aldol reaction of cyclic ketones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2007.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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135
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Rai V, Mobin SM, Namboothiri IN. Cinchonine catalyzed diastereo- and enantioselective Michael addition of α-lithiated phosphonates to nitroalkenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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136
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137
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Zhou H, Wong NB, Tian A, Li WK. Theoretical investigation on carbon-centered tri-s-tetrazine and its 10 derivatives. J Mol Graph Model 2007; 26:788-99. [PMID: 17627857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2007.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2007] [Revised: 05/14/2007] [Accepted: 05/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel species, carbon-centered tri-s-tetrazine (C(4)N(9)H(3)), and its 10 derivatives (C(4)N(9)R(3), where R=OH, F, CN, N(3), NH(2), NO(2), N=NH, N(2)H(3), C triple bond CH, and CH=CH(2)) have been studied computationally. Density functional theory (DFT) has been used to study the geometries, electronic structure, harmonic vibrational frequencies, ionization energies of the 11 compounds at the restricted (for neutrals) and the unrestricted (for cations) B3LYP/cc-pVDZ level of theory. Atoms in molecule (AIM) and natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses have been used to obtain the bonding properties. Valence bond (VB) theory is applied to explain the unusual pyramidal structure around the carbon-center and electron arrangements of orbitals. We found: (1) All the species possess novel bonding features and geometrical structures. The atoms on the periphery of each species are sp(2) hybridized. Each of these atoms offers an orbital to form an extensive conjugation system (12)pi(15) (a pi system consisting of 12 centers and 15 electrons). The central carbon atom C13 is sp(3) hybridized, which makes the non-planar molecule shape like a straw-hat. Atom C13 also participates in the conjugated pi system with its sp(3) hybridized orbital, thus forming an extensive (13)pi(16) conjugate pi system covering the whole C(4)N(9) framework. (2) The change of charge on C13 is the largest among all the atoms when the species is ionized and the atomic charges are redistributed. In other words, C13 is the attack center for electrophilic agents. Thus, the species is carbanion-like. (3) All the species have low ionization energies (IEs). The electron ionized mainly comes from C13. They may have wide applications in organic chemistry, in organometallic chemistry and in alkyl lithium chemistry once they are synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Zhou
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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138
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Collum DB, McNeil AJ, Ramirez A. Lithium diisopropylamide: solution kinetics and implications for organic synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:3002-17. [PMID: 17387670 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200603038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) is a prominent reagent used in organic synthesis. In this Review, rate studies of LDA-mediated reactions are placed in the broader context of organic synthesis in three distinct segments. The first section provides a tutorial on solution kinetics, emphasizing the characteristic rate behavior caused by dominant solvation and aggregation effects. The second section summarizes substrate- and solvent-dependent mechanisms that reveal basic principles of solvation and aggregation. The final section suggests how an understanding of mechanism might be combined with empirical methods to optimize yields, rates, and selectivities of organolithium reactions and applied to organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Collum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1301, USA.
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139
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Collum D, McNeil A, Ramirez A. Lithiumdiisopropylamid: Reaktionskinetik in Lösung und Folgerungen für die organische Synthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200603038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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140
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141
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Paddon CA, Jones SEW, Bhatti FL, Donohoe TJ, Compton RG. Kinetics and thermodynamics of the Li/Li+ couple in tetrahydrofuran at low temperatures (195–295 K). J PHYS ORG CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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