101
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Soenen SJH, De Cuyper M. Assessing iron oxide nanoparticle toxicity in vitro: current status and future prospects. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2010; 5:1261-75. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.10.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vitro labeling of stem or therapeutic cells with engineered nanoparticles with the aim of transplanting these cells into live animals and, for example, noninvasively monitoring their migration, is a hot topic in nanomedicine research. It is of crucial importance that cell–nanoparticle interactions are studied in depth in order to exclude any negative effects of the cell labeling procedure. To date, many disparate results can be found in the literature regarding nanoparticle toxicity due to the great versatility of different parameters investigated. In the present work, an overview is presented of different types of nanomaterials, focusing mostly on iron oxide nanoparticles, developed for biomedical research. The difficulties in assessing nanoparticle-mediated toxicity are discussed, an overview of some of the problems encountered using commercial (dextran-coated) iron oxide nanoparticles is presented, several key parameters are highlighted and novel methods suggested – emphasizing the importance of intracellular nanoparticle degradation and linking toxicity data to functional (i.e., cell-associated) nanoparticle levels, which could help to advance any progress in this highly important research topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefaan JH Soenen
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre, Laboratory of BioNanoColloids, K.U. Leuven – Campus Kortrijk, E. Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, University of Gent, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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102
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Singh N, Jenkins GJ, Asadi R, Doak SH. Potential toxicity of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION). NANO REVIEWS 2010; 1:NANO-1-5358. [PMID: 22110864 PMCID: PMC3215220 DOI: 10.3402/nano.v1i0.5358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 627] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2010] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) are being widely used for various biomedical applications, for example, magnetic resonance imaging, targeted delivery of drugs or genes, and in hyperthermia. Although, the potential benefits of SPION are considerable, there is a distinct need to identify any potential cellular damage associated with these nanoparticles. Besides focussing on cytotoxicity, the most commonly used determinant of toxicity as a result of exposure to SPION, this review also mentions the importance of studying the subtle cellular alterations in the form of DNA damage and oxidative stress. We review current studies and discuss how SPION, with or without different surface coating, may cause cellular perturbations including modulation of actin cytoskeleton, alteration in gene expression profiles, disturbance in iron homeostasis and altered cellular responses such as activation of signalling pathways and impairment of cell cycle regulation. The importance of protein-SPION interaction and various safety considerations relating to SPION exposure are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neenu Singh
- Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, UK
- Neenu Singh Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK. Tel: +44 1792 295056. Fax: +44 1792 602147.
| | - Gareth J.S. Jenkins
- Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Romisa Asadi
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Biomedical Sciences Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Shareen H. Doak
- Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, UK
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103
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Karlsson HL. The comet assay in nanotoxicology research. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:651-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3977-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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104
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Burello E, Worth AP. A theoretical framework for predicting the oxidative stress potential of oxide nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology 2010; 5:228-35. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2010.502980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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105
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Petersen EJ, Nelson BC. Mechanisms and measurements of nanomaterial-induced oxidative damage to DNA. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:613-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3881-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Revised: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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106
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107
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Safi M, Sarrouj H, Sandre O, Mignet N, Berret JF. Interactions between sub-10-nm iron and cerium oxide nanoparticles and 3T3 fibroblasts: the role of the coating and aggregation state. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 21:145103. [PMID: 20234082 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/14/145103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent nanotoxicity studies revealed that the physico-chemical characteristics of engineered nanomaterials play an important role in the interactions with living cells. Here, we report on the toxicity and uptake of cerium and iron oxide sub-10-nm nanoparticles by NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblasts. Coating strategies include low-molecular weight ligands (citric acid) and polymers (poly(acrylic acid), M(W) = 2000 g mol(-1)). Electrostatically adsorbed on the surfaces, the organic moieties provide a negatively charged coating in physiological conditions. We find that most particles were biocompatible, as exposed cells remained 100% viable relative to controls. Only the bare and the citrate-coated nanoceria exhibit a slight decrease in mitochondrial activity at very high cerium concentrations (>1 g l(-1)). We also observe that the citrate-coated particles are internalized/adsorbed by the cells in large amounts, typically 250 pg/cell after 24 h incubation for iron oxide. In contrast, the polymer-coated particles are taken up at much lower rates (<30 pg/cell). The strong uptake shown by the citrated particles is related to the destabilization of the dispersions in the cell culture medium and their sedimentation down to the cell membranes. In conclusion, we show that the uptake of nanomaterials by living cells depends on the coating of the particles and on its ability to preserve the colloidal nature of the dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Safi
- Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR 7057 CNRS, Université Denis Diderot Paris VII, Bâtiment Condorcet, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, Paris, France
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108
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Stefanou E, Evangelou A, Falaras P. Effects of UV-irradiated titania nanoparticles on cell proliferation, cancer metastasis and promotion. Catal Today 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2010.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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109
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Dual drug loaded superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy. Biomaterials 2010; 31:3694-706. [PMID: 20144478 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The primary inadequacy of chemotherapeutic drugs is their relative non-specificity and potential side effects to the healthy tissues. To overcome this, drug loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles are conceptualized. We report here an aqueous based formulation of glycerol monooleate coated magnetic nanoparticles (GMO-MNPs) devoid of any surfactant capable of carrying high payload hydrophobic anticancer drugs. The biocompatibility was confirmed by tumor necrosis factor alpha assay, confocal microscopy. High entrapment efficiency approximately 95% and sustained release of encapsulated drugs for more than two weeks under in vitro conditions was achieved for different anticancer drugs (paclitaxel, rapamycin, alone or combination). Drug loaded GMO-MNPs did not affect the magnetization properties of the iron oxide core as confirmed by magnetization study. Additionally the MNPs were functionalized with carboxylic groups by coating with DMSA (Dimercaptosuccinic acid) for the supplementary conjugation of amines. For targeted therapy, HER2 antibody was conjugated to GMO-MNPs and showed enhanced uptake in human breast carcinoma cell line (MCF-7). The IC(50) doses revealed potential antiproliferative effect in MCF-7. Therefore, antibody conjugated GMO-MNPs could be used as potential drug carrier for the active therapeutic aspects in cancer therapy.
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110
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Karn B, Kuiken T, Otto M. Nanotechnology and in situ remediation: a review of the benefits and potential risks. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2009; 117:1813-31. [PMID: 20049198 PMCID: PMC2799454 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0900793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although industrial sectors involving semiconductors; memory and storage technologies; display, optical, and photonic technologies; energy; biotechnology; and health care produce the most products that contain nanomaterials, nanotechnology is also used as an environmental technology to protect the environment through pollution prevention, treatment, and cleanup. In this review, we focus on environmental cleanup and provide a background and overview of current practice; research findings; societal issues; potential environment, health, and safety implications; and future directions for nanoremediation. We do not present an exhaustive review of chemistry/engineering methods of the technology but rather an introduction and summary of the applications of nanotechnology in remediation. We also discuss nanoscale zerovalent iron in detail. DATA SOURCES We searched the Web of Science for research studies and accessed recent publicly available reports from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and other agencies and organizations that addressed the applications and implications associated with nanoremediation techniques. We also conducted personal interviews with practitioners about specific site remediations. DATA SYNTHESIS We aggregated information from 45 sites, a representative portion of the total projects under way, to show nanomaterials used, types of pollutants addressed, and organizations responsible for each site. CONCLUSIONS Nanoremediation has the potential not only to reduce the overall costs of cleaning up large-scale contaminated sites but also to reduce cleanup time, eliminate the need for treatment and disposal of contaminated soil, and reduce some contaminant concentrations to near zero-all in situ. Proper evaluation of nanoremediation, particularly full-scale ecosystem-wide studies, needs to be conducted to prevent any potential adverse environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Karn
- U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, NCER, 8722F, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20460, USA.
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111
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Zeyons O, Thill A, Chauvat F, Menguy N, Cassier-Chauvat C, Oréar C, Daraspe J, Auffan M, Rose J, Spalla O. Direct and indirect CeO2nanoparticles toxicity forEscherichia coliandSynechocystis. Nanotoxicology 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390903305260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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112
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Andreev GB, Minashkin VM, Nevskii IA, Putilov AV. Nanotechnology-Derived materials: Potential risk in preparation and use. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s107036320909028x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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113
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Auffan M, Rose J, Bottero JY, Lowry GV, Jolivet JP, Wiesner MR. Towards a definition of inorganic nanoparticles from an environmental, health and safety perspective. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 4:634-41. [PMID: 19809453 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2009.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 930] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of engineered nanoparticles requires a widely agreed definition of such particles. Nanoparticles are routinely defined as particles with sizes between about 1 and 100 nm that show properties that are not found in bulk samples of the same material. Here we argue that evidence for novel size-dependent properties alone, rather than particle size, should be the primary criterion in any definition of nanoparticles when making decisions about their regulation for environmental, health and safety reasons. We review the size-dependent properties of a variety of inorganic nanoparticles and find that particles larger than about 30 nm do not in general show properties that would require regulatory scrutiny beyond that required for their bulk counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Auffan
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology CEINT, Duke University, 121 Hudson Hall, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA
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114
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Chanteau B, Fresnais J, Berret JF. Electrosteric enhanced stability of functional sub-10 nm cerium and iron oxide particles in cell culture medium. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:9064-9070. [PMID: 19572532 DOI: 10.1021/la900833v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Applications of nanoparticles in biology require that the nanoparticles remain stable in solutions containing high concentrations of proteins and salts, as well as in cell culture media. In this work, we developed simple protocols for the coating of sub-10 nm nanoparticles and evaluated the colloidal stability of dispersions in various environments. Ligands (citric acid), oligomers [phosphonate-terminated poly(ethylene oxide)], and polymers [poly(acrylic acid)] were used as nanometer-thick adlayers for cerium (CeO2) and iron (gamma-Fe2O3) oxide nanoparticles. The organic functionalities were adsorbed on the particle surfaces via physical (electrostatic) forces. Stability assays at high ionic strengths and in cell culture media were performed by static and dynamic light scattering. Of the three coatings examined, we found that only poly(acrylic acid) fully preserved the dispersion stability over the long term (longer than weeks). The improved stability was explained by the multipoint attachments of the chains onto the particle surface and by the adlayer-mediated electrosteric interactions. These results suggest that anionically charged polymers represent an effective alternative to conventional coating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chanteau
- Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR 7057 CNRS Université Denis Diderot Paris-VII, Bâtiment Condorcet, 10 rue Alice Domon et Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris, France
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115
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Gonzalez L, Lison D, Kirsch-Volders M. Genotoxicity of engineered nanomaterials: A critical review. Nanotoxicology 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390802464986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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116
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Papp T, Schiffmann D, Weiss D, Castranova V, Vallyathan V, Rahman Q. Human health implications of nanomaterial exposure. Nanotoxicology 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390701847935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Papp
- Institute of Cell Biology & Biosystems Technology, Rostock University Rostock, Germany
| | - Dietmar Schiffmann
- Institute of Cell Biology & Biosystems Technology, Rostock University Rostock, Germany
| | - Dieter Weiss
- Institute of Cell Biology & Biosystems Technology, Rostock University Rostock, Germany
| | - Vince Castranova
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Val Vallyathan
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Qamar Rahman
- Dean Research & Development Integral University, Lucknow, India
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117
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Auffan M, Rose J, Orsiere T, De Meo M, Thill A, Zeyons O, Proux O, Masion A, Chaurand P, Spalla O, Botta A, Wiesner MR, Bottero JY. CeO2nanoparticles induce DNA damage towards human dermal fibroblastsin vitro. Nanotoxicology 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390902788086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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118
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Bregoli L, Chiarini F, Gambarelli A, Sighinolfi G, Gatti AM, Santi P, Martelli AM, Cocco L. Toxicity of antimony trioxide nanoparticles on human hematopoietic progenitor cells and comparison to cell lines. Toxicology 2009; 262:121-9. [PMID: 19482055 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2009.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Revised: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are materials with one dimension in the range of 1-100 nm. The toxicity of NPs remains widely unknown and still poses concerns, due to the peculiar characteristics of materials in the nano-size range. We analyze the toxicity of seven NPs ((Fe2O3, Fe3O4, Sb2O3, Au, TiO2, Co, and Ag) on primary cultures of human hematopoietic progenitor cells from the bone marrow of healthy donors with CFU assays, and show that antimony oxide (Sb2O3) NPs and cobalt (Co) NPs have a toxic effect, while the other NPs have no effect at the tested concentrations (5, 25 and 100 microg/ml). While Co NPs suspension is toxic to both erythroid and granulocytic-monocytic precursors, Sb2O3 NPs at 5 microg/ml are specifically toxic to erythroid colony development, suggesting a highly selective type of toxicity. With liquid culture assays we show that Sb2O3 NPs impair the proliferation of erythroid progenitors, while no toxic effect is observed when Sb2O3 NPs are added during erythroid differentiation. CFU assays and liquid culture assays on seven human cell lines of hematopoietic origin (K562, HL-60, CEM, CEM-R, Thp-1, Jurkat, and Molt-4) show that, contrary to what observed on primary cultures of bone marrow progenitors, Sb2O3 NPs have no toxic effect on proliferation of any of the cell lines, raising concerns about the use of immortalized cell lines for nanotoxicology tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bregoli
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, Department of Anatomical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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119
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Singh N, Manshian B, Jenkins GJS, Griffiths SM, Williams PM, Maffeis TGG, Wright CJ, Doak SH. NanoGenotoxicology: the DNA damaging potential of engineered nanomaterials. Biomaterials 2009; 30:3891-914. [PMID: 19427031 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 671] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid expansion in the nanotechnology industry, it is essential that the safety of engineered nanomaterials and the factors that influence their associated hazards are understood. A vital area governing regulatory health risk assessment is genotoxicology (the study of genetic aberrations following exposure to test agents), as DNA damage may initiate and promote carcinogenesis, or impact fertility. Of late, considerable attention has been given to the toxicity of engineered nanomaterials, but the importance of their genotoxic potential on human health has been largely overlooked. This comprehensive review focuses on the reported abilities of metal nanoparticles, metal-oxide nanoparticles, quantum dots, fullerenes, and fibrous nanomaterials, to damage or interact with DNA, and their ecogenotoxicity is also considered. Many of the engineered nanomaterials assessed were found to cause genotoxic responses, such as chromosomal fragmentation, DNA strand breakages, point mutations, oxidative DNA adducts and alterations in gene expression profiles. However, there are clear inconsistencies in the literature and it is difficult to draw conclusions on the physico-chemical features of nanomaterials that promote genotoxicity, largely due to study design. Hence, areas that require that further attention are highlighted and recommendations to improve our understanding of the genotoxic potential of engineered nanomaterials are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neenu Singh
- Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
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120
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Doak SH, Griffiths SM, Manshian B, Singh N, Williams PM, Brown AP, Jenkins GJS. Confounding experimental considerations in nanogenotoxicology. Mutagenesis 2009; 24:285-93. [PMID: 19351890 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gep010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of novel nanomaterials with unique physico-chemical properties is increasing at a rapid rate, with potential applications across a broad range of manufacturing industries and consumer products. Nanomaterial safety is therefore becoming an increasingly contentious issue that has intensified over the past 4 years, and in response, a steady stream of studies focusing on nanotoxicology are emerging. However, it is becoming increasingly evident that nanomaterials cannot be treated in the same manner as chemical compounds with regards to their safety assessment, as their unique physico-chemical properties are also responsible for unexpected interactions with experimental components that generate misleading data-sets. In this report, we focus on nanomaterial interactions with colorimetric and fluorometric dyes, components of cell culture growth medium and genotoxicity assay components, and the resultant consequences on test systems are demonstrated. Thus, highlighting some of the potential confounding factors that need to be considered in order to ensure that in vitro genotoxicity assays report true biological impacts in response to nanomaterial exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Doak
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Wales, UK.
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121
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Auffan M, Rose J, Wiesner MR, Bottero JY. Chemical stability of metallic nanoparticles: a parameter controlling their potential cellular toxicity in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2009; 157:1127-33. [PMID: 19013699 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Revised: 09/27/2008] [Accepted: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The level of production of nanoparticles will inevitably lead to their appearance in air, water, soils, and organisms. A theoretical framework that relates properties of nanoparticles to their biological effects is needed to identify possible risks to human health and the environment. This paper considers the properties of dispersed metallic nanoparticles and highlights the relationship between the chemical stability of these nanoparticles and their in vitro toxicity. Analysis of published data suggests that chemically stable metallic nanoparticles have no significant cellular toxicity, whereas nanoparticles able to be oxidized, reduced or dissolved are cytotoxic and even genotoxic for cellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Auffan
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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122
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Landsiedel R, Kapp MD, Schulz M, Wiench K, Oesch F. Genotoxicity investigations on nanomaterials: Methods, preparation and characterization of test material, potential artifacts and limitations—Many questions, some answers. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2009; 681:241-258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2008.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Revised: 10/28/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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123
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DeLouise L, Mortensen L, Elder A. Breeching Epithelial Barriers – Physiochemical Factors Impacting Nanomaterial Translocation and Toxicity. SAFETY OF NANOPARTICLES 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-78608-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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124
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Zhang S, Chen X, Gu C, Zhang Y, Xu J, Bian Z, Yang D, Gu N. The Effect of Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles on Smooth Muscle Cells. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2008; 4:70. [PMCID: PMC2894190 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-008-9204-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Recently, magnetic nanoparticles of iron oxide (Fe3O4, γ-Fe2O3) have shown an increasing number of applications in the field of biomedicine, but some questions have been raised about the potential impact of these nanoparticles on the environment and human health. In this work, the three types of magnetic nanoparticles (DMSA-Fe2O3, APTS-Fe2O3, and GLU-Fe2O3) with the same crystal structure, magnetic properties, and size distribution was designed, prepared, and characterized by transmission electronic microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, zeta potential analyzer, vibrating sample magnetometer, and Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy. Then, we have investigated the effect of the three types of magnetic nanoparticles (DMSA-Fe2O3, APTS-Fe2O3, and GLU-Fe2O3) on smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Cellular uptake of nanoparticles by SMC displays the dose, the incubation time and surface property dependent patterns. Through the thin section TEM images, we observe that DMSA-Fe2O3is incorporated into the lysosome of SMCs. The magnetic nanoparticles have no inflammation impact, but decrease the viability of SMCs. The other questions about metabolism and other impacts will be the next subject of further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecule and Biomolecule Electronics, Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, 210096, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangjian Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunrong Gu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecule and Biomolecule Electronics, Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, 210096, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jindan Xu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Bian
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecule and Biomolecule Electronics, Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, 210096, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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125
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Auffan M, Achouak W, Rose J, Roncato MA, Chanéac C, Waite DT, Masion A, Woicik JC, Wiesner MR, Bottero JY. Relation between the redox state of iron-based nanoparticles and their cytotoxicity toward Escherichia coli. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:6730-5. [PMID: 18800556 DOI: 10.1021/es800086f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Iron-based nanoparticles have been proposed for an increasing number of biomedical or environmental applications although in vitro toxicity has been observed. The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between the redox state of iron-based nanoparticles and their cytotoxicity toward a Gram-negative bacterium, Escherichia coli. While chemically stable nanoparticles (gammaFe2O3) have no apparent cytotoxicity, nanoparticles containing ferrous and, particularly, zerovalent iron are cytotoxic. The cytotoxic effects appear to be associated principally with an oxidative stress as demonstrated using a mutant strain of E. coli completely devoid of superoxide dismutase activity. This stress can result from the generation of reactive oxygen species with the interplay of oxygen with reduced iron species (Fe(II) and/or Fe(0)) or from the disturbance of the electronic and/or ionic transport chains due to the strong affinity of the nanoparticles for the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Auffan
- CEREGE UMR 6635 CNRS/Aix-Marseille Université, Europôle de l'Arbois, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France.
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126
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Limbach LK, Bereiter R, Müller E, Krebs R, Galli R, Stark WJ. Removal of oxide nanoparticles in a model wastewater treatment plant: influence of agglomeration and surfactants on clearing efficiency. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:5828-33. [PMID: 18754516 DOI: 10.1021/es800091f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The rapidly increasing production of engineered nanoparticles has created a demand for particle removal from industrial and communal wastewater streams. Efficient removal is particularly important in view of increasing long-term persistence and evidence for considerable ecotoxicity of specific nanoparticles. The present work investigates the use of a model wastewater treatment plant for removal of oxide nanoparticles. While a majority of the nanoparticles could be captured through adhesion to clearing sludge, a significant fraction of the engineered nanoparticles escaped the wastewater plant's clearing system, and up to 6 wt % of the model compound cerium oxide was found in the exit stream of the model plant. Our study demonstrates a significant influence of surface charge and the addition of dispersion stabilizing surfactants as routinely used in the preparation of nanoparticle derived products. A detailed investigation on the agglomeration of oxide nanoparticles in wastewater streams revealed a high stabilization of the particles against clearance (adsorption on the bacteria from the sludge). This unexpected finding suggests a need to investigate nanoparticle clearance in more detail and demonstrates the complex interactions between dissolved species and the nanoparticles within the continuously changing environment of the clearing sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig K Limbach
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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127
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Chen Z, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Xia J, Liu J, Xu K, Gu N. Preparation and characterization of water-soluble monodisperse magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles via surface double-exchange with DMSA. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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128
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Petri-Fink A, Steitz B, Finka A, Salaklang J, Hofmann H. Effect of cell media on polymer coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs): colloidal stability, cytotoxicity, and cellular uptake studies. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2007; 68:129-37. [PMID: 17881203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2006] [Revised: 02/02/2007] [Accepted: 02/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the composition of the polymer coated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), vinyl alcohol/vinyl amine copolymer (A-PVA) and polyethylenimine (PEI) coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) on the colloidal stability, cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of these particles in different cell media is reported in this paper. Although all examined polymer coated SPIONs were stable in water and PBS buffer these colloidal systems had different stabilities in DMEM or RPMI media without and supplemented with fetal calf serum (FCS). We found that A-PVA coating onto the surface of the SPIONs decreased the cytotoxicity of the polymer compared to the same concentration of A-PVA alone. As well, polyplexes of PEI-SPIONs with DNA in concentration used for transfection experiments showed no cytotoxicity compared to PEI and PEI-SPIONs. Our data show that the choice of medium largely influences the uptake of these particles by HeLa cells. The optimal medium is different for the different examined polymer coated SPIONs and it should be determined in each case, individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alke Petri-Fink
- Laboratory of Powder Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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129
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Thill A, Zeyons O, Spalla O, Chauvat F, Rose J, Auffan M, Flank AM. Cytotoxicity of CeO2 nanoparticles for Escherichia coli. Physico-chemical insight of the cytotoxicity mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2006; 40:6151-6. [PMID: 17051814 DOI: 10.1021/es060999b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The production of nanoparticles (NPs) is increasing rapidly for applications in electronics, chemistry, and biology. This interest is due to the very small size of NPs which provides them with many interesting properties such as rapid diffusion, high specific surface areas, reactivity in liquid or gas phase, and a size close to biomacromolecules. In turn, these extreme abilities might be a problem when considering a potentially uncontrolled exposure to the environment. For instance, nanoparticles might be highly mobile and rapidly transported in the environment or inside the body through a water or air pathway. Accordingly, the very fast development of these new synthetic nanomaterials raises questions about their impact on the environment and human health. We have studied the impact of a model water dispersion of nanoparticles (7 nm CeO2 oxide) on a Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). The nanoparticles are positively charged at neutral pH and thus display a strong electrostatic attraction toward bacterial outer membranes. The counting of colony forming units (CFU) after direct contact with CeO2 NPs allows for the defining of the conditions for which the contact is lethal to Escherichia coli. Furthermore, a set of experiments including sorption isotherms, TEM microscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at cerium L3 edge is linked to propose a scenario for the observed toxic contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Thill
- CEA Saclay, Direction des Sciences de la Matiere, Departement de Recherche sur l'Etat Condense les Atomes et les Molecules, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire sur l'Organisation Nanometrique et Supramoleculaire, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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