101
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102
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Ruan GY, Qi ZH, Zhang Y, Liu W, Wang Y. Mechanistic insight into Cu/Ag-cocatalyzed C–H activation of arenes with oxygen as the terminal oxidant. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04411e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The possible transition states of C–H activation on the dehydrogenate coupling of arenes with alcohols employing Ag(i) additives were investigated using B3LYP density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Yu Ruan
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Hang Qi
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- P. R. China
| | - Ye Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- P. R. China
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103
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Xie J, Zhu C. Recent Advances in Non-directed C(sp3)–H Bond Functionalization. SPRINGERBRIEFS IN MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-49496-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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104
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Han YY, Wang H, Yu S. Synthesis of biaryl sultams using visible-light-promoted denitrogenative cyclization of 1,2,3,4-benzothiatriazine-1,1-dioxides. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00116e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach has been reported for the preparation of biaryl sultams using visible-light-promoted denitrogenative cyclization of 1,2,3,4-benzothiatriazine-1,1-dioxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Yue Han
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Shouyun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
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105
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Zhou YP, Wang MY, Fang S, Chen Y, Liu JY. DFT studies on the mechanism of palladium catalyzed arylthiolation of unactive arene to diaryl sulfide. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27324b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The cleavage of S–N bond prefers to take place via concerted σ-bond metathesis rather than oxidative addition proposed in experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-ping Zhou
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-yan Wang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Fang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-yao Liu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- People's Republic of China
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106
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Ladd CL, Belouin AV, Charette AB. Intramolecular sp3 Functionalization of Cyclopropyl α-Amino Acid-Derived Benzamides. J Org Chem 2015; 81:256-64. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn L. Ladd
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Arts
and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montreal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Downtown, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Audrey V. Belouin
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Arts
and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montreal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Downtown, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - André B. Charette
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Arts
and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montreal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Downtown, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
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107
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Zheng C, Zheng J, You SL. A DFT Study on Rh-Catalyzed Asymmetric Dearomatization of 2-Naphthols Initiated with C–H Activation: A Refined Reaction Mechanism and Origins of Multiple Selectivity. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b01891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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108
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Michelet B, Thiery G, Bour C, Gandon V. Non-Innocent Behavior of Substrate Backbone Esters in Metal-Catalyzed Carbocyclizations and Friedel–Crafts Reactions of Enynes and Arenynes. J Org Chem 2015; 80:10925-38. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Michelet
- ICMMO
(UMR CNRS 8182), Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 420, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Thiery
- ICMMO
(UMR CNRS 8182), Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 420, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Christophe Bour
- ICMMO
(UMR CNRS 8182), Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 420, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Vincent Gandon
- ICMMO
(UMR CNRS 8182), Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 420, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
- Institut
de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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109
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Nozawa-Kumada K, Kadokawa J, Kameyama T, Kondo Y. Copper-Catalyzed sp3 C–H Aminative Cyclization of 2-Alkyl-N-arylbenzamides: An Approach for the Synthesis of N-Aryl-isoindolinones. Org Lett 2015; 17:4479-81. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Nozawa-Kumada
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Jun Kadokawa
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kameyama
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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110
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Akhrem IS. Recent achievements in intermolecular sp3 C–H bond functionalization of organic compounds by superelectrophilic trihalomethyl metal complex. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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111
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Pedroni J, Saget T, Donets PA, Cramer N. Enantioselective palladium(0)-catalyzed intramolecular cyclopropane functionalization: access to dihydroquinolones, dihydroisoquinolones and the BMS-791325 ring system. Chem Sci 2015; 6:5164-5171. [PMID: 29142735 PMCID: PMC5667185 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01909e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Taddol-based phosphoramidite ligands enable enantioselective palladium(0)-catalyzed C-H arylation of cyclopropanes. The cyclized products are obtained in high yields and enantioselectivities. The reported method provides efficient access to a broad range of synthetically attractive cyclopropyl containing dihydroquinolones and dihydroisoquinolones as well as allows for an efficient enantioselective construction of the 7-membered ring of the cyclopropyl indolobenzazepine core of BMS-791325.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pedroni
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis , Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , EPFL SB ISIC LCSA, BCH 4305 , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
| | - T Saget
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis , Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , EPFL SB ISIC LCSA, BCH 4305 , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
| | - P A Donets
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis , Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , EPFL SB ISIC LCSA, BCH 4305 , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
| | - N Cramer
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis , Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , EPFL SB ISIC LCSA, BCH 4305 , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
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112
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Smalley AP, Gaunt MJ. Mechanistic Insights into the Palladium-Catalyzed Aziridination of Aliphatic Amines by C-H Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:10632-41. [PMID: 26247373 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b05529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Detailed kinetic studies and computational investigations have been performed to elucidate the mechanism of a palladium-catalyzed C-H activation aziridination. A theoretical rate law has been derived that matches with experimental observations and has led to an improvement in the reaction conditions. Acetic acid was found to be beneficial in controlling the formation of an off-cycle intermediate, allowing a decrease in catalyst loading and improved yields. Density functional theory (DFT) studies were performed to examine the selectivities observed in the reaction. Evidence for electronic-controlled regioselectivity for the cyclopalladation step was obtained by a distortion-interaction analysis, whereas the aziridination product was justified through dissociation of acetic acid from the palladium(IV) intermediate preceding the product-forming reductive elimination step. The understanding of this reaction mechanism under the synthesis conditions should provide valuable assistance in the comprehension and design of palladium-catalyzed reactions on similar systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Smalley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Gaunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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113
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Brachet E, Belmont P. Palladium-Catalyzed Regioselective Alkynylation of Pyrroles and Azoles under Mild Conditions: Application to the Synthesis of a Dopamine D-4 Receptor Agonist. J Org Chem 2015; 80:7519-29. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Brachet
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie
de Paris, UMR CNRS 8638 (COMETE), 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, Paris FR-75006, France
- Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), 12 rue de l’école de Médecine, Paris FR-75006, France
| | - Philippe Belmont
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie
de Paris, UMR CNRS 8638 (COMETE), 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, Paris FR-75006, France
- Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), 12 rue de l’école de Médecine, Paris FR-75006, France
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114
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Haines BE, Xu H, Verma P, Wang XC, Yu JQ, Musaev DG. Mechanistic Details of Pd(II)-Catalyzed C-H Iodination with Molecular I2: Oxidative Addition vs Electrophilic Cleavage. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:9022-31. [PMID: 26135326 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b03410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed C-H bond halogenation is an important alternative to the highly utilized directed-lithiation methods and increases the accessibility of the synthetically valuable aryl halide compounds. However, this approach often requires impractical reagents, such as IOAc, or strong co-oxidants. Therefore, the development of methodology utilizing inexpensive oxidants and catalyst containing earth-abundant transition metals under mild experimental conditions would represent a significant advance in the field. Success in this endeavor requires a full understanding of the mechanisms and reactivity governing principles of this process. Here, we report intimate mechanistic details of the Pd(II)-catalyzed C-H iodination with molecular I2 as the sole oxidant. Namely, we elucidate the impact of the: (a) Pd-directing group (DG) interaction, (b) nature of oxidant, and (c) nature of the functionalized C-H bond [C(sp(2))-H vs C(sp(3))-H] on the Pd(II)/Pd(IV) redox and Pd(II)/Pd(II) redox-neutral mechanisms of this reaction. We find that both monomeric and dimeric Pd(II) species may act as an active catalyst during the reaction, which preferentially proceeds via the Pd(II)/Pd(II) redox-neutral electrophilic cleavage (EC) pathway for all studied substrates with a functionalized C(sp(2))-H bond. In general, a strong Pd-DG interaction increases the EC iodination barrier and reduces the I-I oxidative addition (OA) barrier. However, the increase in Pd-DG interaction alone is not enough to make the mechanistic switch from EC to OA: This occurs only upon changing to substrates with a functionalized C(sp(3))-H bond. We also investigated the impact of the nature of the electrophile on the C(sp(2))-H bond halogenation. We predicted molecular bromine (Br2) to be more effective electrophile for the C(sp(2))-H halogenation than I2. Subsequent experiments on the stoichiometric C(sp(2))-H bromination by Pd(OAc)2 and Br2 confirmed this prediction.The findings of this study advance our ability to design more efficient reactions with inexpensive oxidants under mild experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon E Haines
- †Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Huiying Xu
- †Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Pritha Verma
- ‡Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Xiao-Chen Wang
- ‡Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- ‡Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Djamaladdin G Musaev
- †Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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115
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Holstein PM, Vogler M, Larini P, Pilet G, Clot E, Baudoin O. Efficient Pd0-Catalyzed Asymmetric Activation of Primary and Secondary C–H Bonds Enabled by Modular Binepine Ligands and Carbonate Bases. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp M. Holstein
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246 − Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, CPE Lyon, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre
1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Maria Vogler
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246 − Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, CPE Lyon, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre
1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Paolo Larini
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246 − Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, CPE Lyon, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre
1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Guillaume Pilet
- Université de Lyon, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux
et Interfaces, UMR 5615 CNRS - Université Claude Bernard Lyon
1, Campus de la Doua, Avenue du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Eric Clot
- Institut
Charles Gerhardt, CNRS UMR 5253, Université Montpellier, case courier
1501, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Baudoin
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246 − Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, CPE Lyon, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre
1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
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116
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Raible B, Gierz V, Kunz D. Identifying and Rationalizing the Conditions for the Isomerization of 1,5-Cyclooctadiene in Iridium Complexes by Experimental and Theoretical Mechanistic Studies. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Raible
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Verena Gierz
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Doris Kunz
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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117
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Pardo LM, Prendergast AM, Nolan MT, Ó Muimhneacháin E, McGlacken GP. Pd/Pivalic Acid Mediated Direct Arylation of 2-Pyrones and Related Heterocycles. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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118
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Shin K, Kim H, Chang S. Transition-metal-catalyzed C-N bond forming reactions using organic azides as the nitrogen source: a journey for the mild and versatile C-H amination. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:1040-52. [PMID: 25821998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 759] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the prevalence of nitrogen-containing compounds in functional materials, natural products and important pharmaceutical agents, chemists have actively searched for the development of efficient and selective methodologies allowing for the facile construction of carbon-nitrogen bonds. While metal-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling reactions have been established as one of the most general protocols for C-N bond formation, these methods require starting materials equipped with functional groups such as (hetero)aryl halides or their equivalents, thus generating stoichiometric amounts of halide salts as byproducts. To address this aspect, a transition-metal-catalyzed direct C-H amination approach has emerged as a step- and atom-economical alternative to the conventional C-N cross-coupling reactions. However, despite the significant recent advances in metal-mediated direct C-H amination reactions, most available procedures need harsh conditions requiring stoichiometric external oxidants. In this context, we were curious to see whether a transition-metal-catalyzed mild C-H amination protocol could be achieved using organic azides as the amino source. We envisaged that a dual role of organic azides as an environmentally benign amino source and also as an internal oxidant via N-N2 bond cleavage would be key to develop efficient C-H amination reactions employing azides. An additional advantage of this approach was anticipated: that a sole byproduct is molecular nitrogen (N2) under the perspective catalytic conditions. This Account mainly describes our research efforts on the development of rhodium- and iridium-catalyzed direct C-H amination reactions with organic azides. Under our initially optimized Rh(III)-catalyzed amination conditions, not only sulfonyl azides but also aryl- and alkyl azides could be utilized as facile amino sources in reaction with various types of C(sp(2))-H bonds bearing such directing groups as pyridine, amide, or ketoxime. More recently, a new catalyst system using Ir(III) species was developed for the direct C-H amidation of arenes and alkenes with acyl azides under exceptionally mild conditions. As a natural extension, amidation of primary C(sp(3))-H bonds could also be realized on the basis of the superior activity of the Cp*Ir(III) catalyst. Mechanistic investigations revealed that a catalytic cycle is operated mainly in three stages: (i) chelation-assisted metallacycle formation via C-H bond cleavage; (ii) C-N bond formation through the in situ generation of a metal-nitrenoid intermediate followed by the insertion of an imido moiety to the metal carbon bond; (iii) product release via protodemetalation with the concomitant catalyst regeneration. In addition, this Account also summarizes the recent advances in the ruthenium- and cobalt-catalyzed amination reactions using organic azides, developed by our own and other groups. Comparative studies on the relative performance of those catalytic systems are briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangmin Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-338, Republic of Korea
- Center
for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-338, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-338, Republic of Korea
- Center
for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-338, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-338, Republic of Korea
- Center
for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-338, Republic of Korea
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119
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Ihanainen NE, Kumpulainen ETT, Koskinen AMP. Palladium-Catalyzed Direct C-H Arylation of Dicyanobenzenes. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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120
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121
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Bharathimohan K, Ponpandian T, Ahamed AJ, Bhuvanesh N. Sequential decarboxylative azide-alkyne cycloaddition and dehydrogenative coupling reactions: one-pot synthesis of polycyclic fused triazoles. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 10:3031-7. [PMID: 25670973 PMCID: PMC4311670 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we describe a one-pot protocol for the synthesis of a novel series of polycyclic triazole derivatives. Transition metal-catalyzed decarboxylative CuAAC and dehydrogenative cross coupling reactions are combined in a single flask and achieved good yields of the respective triazoles (up to 97% yield). This methodology is more convenient to produce the complex polycyclic molecules in a simple way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuppusamy Bharathimohan
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College, affiliated to the Bharathidasan university, Thiruchirapalli - 620020, Tamilnadu, India ; Orchid Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Drug Discovery Research, R&D Center, Sholinganallur, Chennai - 600119, India
| | | | - A Jafar Ahamed
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College, affiliated to the Bharathidasan university, Thiruchirapalli - 620020, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- X-ray Diffraction Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
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122
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Cheng GJ, Zhang X, Chung LW, Xu L, Wu YD. Computational organic chemistry: bridging theory and experiment in establishing the mechanisms of chemical reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:1706-25. [PMID: 25568962 DOI: 10.1021/ja5112749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of chemical reactions, especially catalysis, has been an important and active area of computational organic chemistry, and close collaborations between experimentalists and theorists represent a growing trend. This Perspective provides examples of such productive collaborations. The understanding of various reaction mechanisms and the insight gained from these studies are emphasized. The applications of various experimental techniques in elucidation of reaction details as well as the development of various computational techniques to meet the demand of emerging synthetic methods, e.g., C-H activation, organocatalysis, and single electron transfer, are presented along with some conventional developments of mechanistic aspects. Examples of applications are selected to demonstrate the advantages and limitations of these techniques. Some challenges in the mechanistic studies and predictions of reactions are also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Juan Cheng
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055, China
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123
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Dang Y, Qu S, Nelson JW, Pham HD, Wang ZX, Wang X. The mechanism of a ligand-promoted C(sp3)-H activation and arylation reaction via palladium catalysis: theoretical demonstration of a Pd(II)/Pd(IV) redox manifold. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:2006-14. [PMID: 25588921 DOI: 10.1021/ja512374g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) computations (BP86 and M06-L) have been utilized to elucidate the detailed mechanism of a palladium-catalyzed reaction involving pyridine-type nitrogen-donor ligands that significantly expands the scope of C(sp(3))-H activation and arylation. The reaction begins with precatalyst initiation, followed by substrate binding to the Pd(II) center through an amidate auxiliary, which directs the ensuing bicarbonate-assisted C(sp(3))-H bond activation producing five-membered-ring cyclopalladate(II) intermediates. These Pd(II) complexes further undergo oxidative addition with iodobenzene to form Pd(IV) complexes, which proceed by reductive C-C elimination/coupling to give final products of arylation. The base-assisted C(sp(3))-H bond cleavage is found to be the rate-determining step, which involves hydrogen bond interactions. The mechanism unravels the intimate involvement of the added 2-picoline ligand in every phase of the reaction, explains the isolation of the cyclopalladate intermediates, agrees with the observed kinetic hydrogen isotope effect, and demonstrates the Pd(II)/Pd(IV) redox manifold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Dang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
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124
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Grosheva DS, Rassadin VA, Sokolov VV. A Route to Benzo-Annelated δ-Sultams through Michael Cyclization. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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125
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Du W, Gu Q, Li Z, Yang D. Palladium(II)-catalyzed intramolecular tandem aminoalkylation via divergent C(sp3)-H functionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:1130-5. [PMID: 25541675 DOI: 10.1021/ja5102739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a Pd(II)-catalyzed oxidative tandem aminoalkylation via divergent C(sp(3))-H functionalization, affording three- and five-membered-ring fused indolines in good yields under two optimized conditions, respectively. The mechanism studies have indicated that the benzylic C-H cleavage involved in the former transformation is the rate-determining step, while the cleavage of amide α-C-H in the latter is not. This is the first example of a Pd-catalyzed tandem reaction involving C(sp(3))-H activation without the employment of prefunctionalized reagents (e.g., halogenated and boron reagents) and directing groups, representing a green and economic protocol for the construction of N-containing heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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126
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Xie X, Huynh HV. Cyclometallated ruthenium(ii) complexes with ditopic thienyl–NHC ligands: syntheses and alkyne annulations. Org Chem Front 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00292c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cycloruthenation of thienyl–NHC ligands and subsequent alkyne annulations allow for a facile preparation of unusual aza-heterocyclic-thiophenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Xie
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
- Republic of Singapore
| | - Han Vinh Huynh
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
- Republic of Singapore
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127
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Verma A, Patel S, Meenakshi M, Kumar A, Yadav A, Kumar S, Jana S, Sharma S, Prasad CD, Kumar S. Transition metal free intramolecular selective oxidative C(sp3)–N coupling: synthesis of N-aryl-isoindolinones from 2-alkylbenzamides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:1371-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08717h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A transition metal-free intramolecular selective oxidative coupling reaction of C(sp3)–H and N–H bonds has been presented utilizing iodine, potassium carbonate and di-tert-butyl peroxide in acetonitrile at 110–140 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Verma
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal
- Bhopal
- India-462 066
| | - Saket Patel
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal
- Bhopal
- India-462 066
| | - Meenakshi Meenakshi
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal
- Bhopal
- India-462 066
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal
- Bhopal
- India-462 066
| | - Abhimanyu Yadav
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal
- Bhopal
- India-462 066
| | - Shailesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal
- Bhopal
- India-462 066
| | - Sadhan Jana
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal
- Bhopal
- India-462 066
| | - Shubham Sharma
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal
- Bhopal
- India-462 066
| | - Ch. Durga Prasad
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal
- Bhopal
- India-462 066
| | - Sangit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal
- Bhopal
- India-462 066
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128
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Dao-Huy T, Haider M, Glatz F, Schnürch M, Mihovilovic MD. Direct Arylation of Benzo[ b]furan and Other Benzo-Fused Heterocycles. European J Org Chem 2014; 2014:8119-8125. [PMID: 26213483 PMCID: PMC4502765 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The direct arylation of benzo[b]furan, benzo[b]thiophene, and indole has been studied by using aromatic bromides as the aryl source. The protocol employing common reagents and a Pd catalyst has led to the regioselective arylation of these heterocycles at the 2-position. A range of functional groups were tolerated, providing quick access to a variety of arylated benzo-fused heterocycles that would be accessible more elaborately using classical synthetic strategies. This is the first systematic study of the direct arylation of benzo[b]furan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toan Dao-Huy
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology Getreidemarkt 9/163-OC, 1060 Vienna, Austria E-mail: http://www.ias.tuwien.ac.at/staff/3129565/
| | - Maximilian Haider
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology Getreidemarkt 9/163-OC, 1060 Vienna, Austria E-mail: http://www.ias.tuwien.ac.at/staff/3129565/
| | - Fabian Glatz
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology Getreidemarkt 9/163-OC, 1060 Vienna, Austria E-mail: http://www.ias.tuwien.ac.at/staff/3129565/
| | - Michael Schnürch
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology Getreidemarkt 9/163-OC, 1060 Vienna, Austria E-mail: http://www.ias.tuwien.ac.at/staff/3129565/
| | - Marko D Mihovilovic
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology Getreidemarkt 9/163-OC, 1060 Vienna, Austria E-mail: http://www.ias.tuwien.ac.at/staff/3129565/
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129
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Wertjes WC, Waller PJ, Shelton KE, Kalyani D. Nickel-Mediated Synthesis of Isoindolinones at Room Temperature. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2014; 46:3033-3040. [PMID: 29249840 PMCID: PMC5728105 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1378555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This communication describes a method for the Ni(cod) 2-mediated intramolecular arylation of alkyl C-H bonds adjacent to the nitrogen atom in benzamide substrates. The transformation proceeds at room temperature and exhibits selectivity for functionalization of more substituted C-H bonds. The yields of the desired isoindolinone products are higher with benzamide substrates containing tertiary alkyl groups on the nitrogen atom than with those bearing primary or secondary alkyls. The results described herein suggest a mechanism involving radical intermediates for these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Wertjes
- St. Olaf College, Department of Chemistry, 1520 St. Olaf Ave., Northfield, MN 55057, USA
| | - Peter J Waller
- St. Olaf College, Department of Chemistry, 1520 St. Olaf Ave., Northfield, MN 55057, USA
| | - Kyle E Shelton
- St. Olaf College, Department of Chemistry, 1520 St. Olaf Ave., Northfield, MN 55057, USA
| | - Dipannita Kalyani
- St. Olaf College, Department of Chemistry, 1520 St. Olaf Ave., Northfield, MN 55057, USA
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130
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Xu H, Muto K, Yamaguchi J, Zhao C, Itami K, Musaev DG. Key mechanistic features of Ni-catalyzed C-H/C-O biaryl coupling of azoles and naphthalen-2-yl pivalates. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14834-44. [PMID: 25259782 DOI: 10.1021/ja5071174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of the Ni-dcype-catalyzed C-H/C-O coupling of benzoxazole and naphthalen-2-yl pivalate was studied. Special attention was devoted to the base effect in the C-O oxidative addition and C-H activation steps as well as the C-H substrate effect in the C-H activation step. No base effect in the C(aryl)-O oxidative addition to Ni-dcype was found, but the nature of the base and C-H substrate plays a crucial role in the following C-H activation. In the absence of base, the azole C-H activation initiated by the C-O oxidative addition product Ni(dcype)(Naph)(PivO), 1B, proceeds via ΔG = 34.7 kcal/mol barrier. Addition of Cs2CO3 base to the reaction mixture forms the Ni(dcype)(Naph)[PivOCs·CsCO3], 3_Cs_clus, cluster complex rather than undergoing PivO(-) → CsCO3(-) ligand exchange. Coordination of azole to the resulting 3_Cs_clus complex forms intermediate with a weak Cs-heteroatom(azole) bond, the existence of which increases acidity of the activated C-H bond and reduces C-H activation barrier. This conclusion from computation is consistent with experiments showing that the addition of Cs2CO3 to the reaction mixture of 1B and benzoxazole increases yield of C-H/C-O coupling from 32% to 67% and makes the reaction faster by 3-fold. This emerging mechanistic knowledge was validated by further exploring base and C-H substrate effects via replacing Cs2CO3 with K2CO3 and benzoxazole (1a) with 1H-benzo[d]imidazole (1b) or quinazoline (1c). We proposed the modified catalytic cycle for the Ni(cod)(dcype)-catalyzed C-H/C-O coupling of benzoxazole and naphthalen-2-yl pivalate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Xu
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University , 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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131
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Katayev D, Larionov E, Nakanishi M, Besnard C, Kündig EP. Palladium-N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of Indolines through Regiodivergent C(sp3)H Activation: Scope and DFT Study. Chemistry 2014; 20:15021-30. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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132
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Kefalidis CE, Davi M, Holstein PM, Clot E, Baudoin O. Mechanistic Study of the Selectivity of Olefin versus Cyclobutene Formation by Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Intramolecular C(sp3)–H Activation. J Org Chem 2014; 79:11903-10. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501610x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christos E. Kefalidis
- Institut
Charles Gerhardt, CNRS UMR 5253, Université Montpellier 2, case courrier
1501, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Michaël Davi
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246 - Institut
de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires,
CPE Lyon, 43 Boulevard
du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Philipp M. Holstein
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246 - Institut
de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires,
CPE Lyon, 43 Boulevard
du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Eric Clot
- Institut
Charles Gerhardt, CNRS UMR 5253, Université Montpellier 2, case courrier
1501, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Baudoin
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246 - Institut
de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires,
CPE Lyon, 43 Boulevard
du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
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133
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Cross WB, Razak S, Singh K, Warner AJ. C(sp3)H Activation without a Directing Group: Regioselective Synthesis ofN-Ylide orN-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes Controlled by the Choice of Metal and Ligand. Chemistry 2014; 20:13203-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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134
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Laha JK, Jethava KP, Dayal N. Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative Coupling Involving Double C(sp2)–H Bonds for the Synthesis of Annulated Biaryl Sultams. J Org Chem 2014; 79:8010-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5011334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joydev K. Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160062 India
| | - Krupal P. Jethava
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160062 India
| | - Neetu Dayal
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160062 India
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135
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Janody S, Jazzar R, Comte A, Holstein PM, Vors JP, Ford MJ, Baudoin O. Synthesis of 1-Indanols and 1-Indanamines by Intramolecular Palladium(0)-Catalyzed C(sp3)H Arylation: Impact of Conformational Effects. Chemistry 2014; 20:11084-90. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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136
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Tsukano C, Muto N, Enkhtaivan I, Takemoto Y. Synthesis of Pyrrolophenanthridine Alkaloids Based on C(sp3)H and C(sp2)H Functionalization Reactions. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:2628-34. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201402490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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137
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Zhao J, Asao N, Yamamoto Y, Jin T. Pd-Catalyzed Synthesis of 9,9′-Bifluorenylidene Derivatives via Dual C–H Activation of Bis-biaryl Alkynes. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:9540-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja503252k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- WPI-Advanced
Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Naoki Asao
- WPI-Advanced
Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yamamoto
- WPI-Advanced
Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
| | - Tienan Jin
- WPI-Advanced
Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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138
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Cannon J, Zou L, Liu P, Lan Y, O’Leary DJ, Houk KN, Grubbs RH. Carboxylate-assisted C(sp³)-H activation in olefin metathesis-relevant ruthenium complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:6733-43. [PMID: 24731019 PMCID: PMC4017616 DOI: 10.1021/ja5021958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of C-H activation at metathesis-relevant ruthenium(II) benzylidene complexes was studied both experimentally and computationally. Synthesis of a ruthenium dicarboxylate at a low temperature allowed for direct observation of the C-H activation step, independent of the initial anionic ligand-exchange reactions. A first-order reaction supports an intramolecular concerted metalation-deprotonation mechanism with ΔG(‡)(298K) = 22.2 ± 0.1 kcal·mol(-1) for the parent N-adamantyl-N'-mesityl complex. An experimentally determined ΔS(‡) = -5.2 ± 2.6 eu supports a highly ordered transition state for carboxylate-assisted C(sp(3))-H activation. Experimental results, including measurement of a large primary kinetic isotope effect (k(H)/k(D) = 8.1 ± 1.7), agree closely with a computed six-membered carboxylate-assisted C-H activation mechanism where the deprotonating carboxylate adopts a pseudo-apical geometry, displacing the aryl ether chelate. The rate of cyclometalation was found to be influenced by both the electronics of the assisting carboxylate and the ruthenium ligand environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey
S. Cannon
- Arnold
and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Lufeng Zou
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Yu Lan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Daniel J. O’Leary
- Department
of Chemistry, Pomona College, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Arnold
and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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139
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Tsukano C, Okuno M, Nishiguchi H, Takemoto Y. Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed CarbonHydrogen Bond Functionalization for the Synthesis of Indoloquinazolinones. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Tsukano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo‐ku, Kyoto 606‐8501, Japan, Fax: (+81)‐(0)75‐753‐4532
| | - Masataka Okuno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo‐ku, Kyoto 606‐8501, Japan, Fax: (+81)‐(0)75‐753‐4532
| | - Hiromi Nishiguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo‐ku, Kyoto 606‐8501, Japan, Fax: (+81)‐(0)75‐753‐4532
| | - Yoshiji Takemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo‐ku, Kyoto 606‐8501, Japan, Fax: (+81)‐(0)75‐753‐4532
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140
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Al‐Amin M, Arisawa M, Shuto S, Ano Y, Tobisu M, Chatani N. Palladium Nanoparticle‐Catalyzed Direct Ethynylation of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
via
C(
sp
3
)H Bond Functionalization. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201301180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al‐Amin
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita‐12, Nishi‐6, Kita‐ku, Sapporo 060‐0812, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Arisawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita‐12, Nishi‐6, Kita‐ku, Sapporo 060‐0812, Japan
- Present address: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1–6 Yamada‐oka, Suita, Osaka 565‐0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shuto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita‐12, Nishi‐6, Kita‐ku, Sapporo 060‐0812, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, 2–1 Yamada‐oka, Suita, Osaka 565‐0871, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tobisu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, 2–1 Yamada‐oka, Suita, Osaka 565‐0871, Japan
| | - Naoto Chatani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, 2–1 Yamada‐oka, Suita, Osaka 565‐0871, Japan
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141
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Kumpulainen ETT, Pohjakallio A. Selective Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct CH Arylation of Unsubstituted
N
‐Protected Pyrazoles. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201301139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esa T. T. Kumpulainen
- Medicinal Chemistry, Orion Corporation, Orionintie 1, FI‐02200 Espoo, Finland, Fax: (+358)‐10‐426‐4682; phone: (+358)‐10‐426‐3316
| | - Antti Pohjakallio
- Medicinal Chemistry, Orion Corporation, Orionintie 1, FI‐02200 Espoo, Finland, Fax: (+358)‐10‐426‐4682; phone: (+358)‐10‐426‐3316
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142
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Yan JX, Li H, Liu XW, Shi JL, Wang X, Shi ZJ. Palladium-Catalyzed C(sp3)H Activation: A Facile Method for the Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydroquinolinone Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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143
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Yan JX, Li H, Liu XW, Shi JL, Wang X, Shi ZJ. Palladium-Catalyzed C(sp3)H Activation: A Facile Method for the Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydroquinolinone Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:4945-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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144
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Wei Y, Tang H, Cong X, Rao B, Wu C, Zeng X. Pd(II)-Catalyzed Intermolecular Arylation of Unactivated C(sp3)–H Bonds with Aryl Bromides Enabled by 8-Aminoquinoline Auxiliary. Org Lett 2014; 16:2248-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ol500745t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wei
- Center for Organic Chemistry and
Materials Physics Center, Frontier
Institute of Science and Technology, ‡School of Materials Science and
Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Huarong Tang
- Center for Organic Chemistry and
Materials Physics Center, Frontier
Institute of Science and Technology, ‡School of Materials Science and
Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Cong
- Center for Organic Chemistry and
Materials Physics Center, Frontier
Institute of Science and Technology, ‡School of Materials Science and
Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Bin Rao
- Center for Organic Chemistry and
Materials Physics Center, Frontier
Institute of Science and Technology, ‡School of Materials Science and
Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Chao Wu
- Center for Organic Chemistry and
Materials Physics Center, Frontier
Institute of Science and Technology, ‡School of Materials Science and
Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Zeng
- Center for Organic Chemistry and
Materials Physics Center, Frontier
Institute of Science and Technology, ‡School of Materials Science and
Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710054, P. R. China
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145
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Bhakuni BS, Yadav A, Kumar S, Patel S, Sharma S, Kumar S. KOtBu-Mediated Synthesis of Dimethylisoindolin-1-ones and Dimethyl-5-phenylisoindolin-1-ones: Selective C–C Coupling of an Unreactive Tertiary sp3 C–H Bond. J Org Chem 2014; 79:2944-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jo402776u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhagat Singh Bhakuni
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Indore By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India 462 066
| | - Abhimanyu Yadav
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Indore By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India 462 066
| | - Shailesh Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Indore By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India 462 066
| | - Saket Patel
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Indore By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India 462 066
| | - Shubham Sharma
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Indore By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India 462 066
| | - Sangit Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Indore By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India 462 066
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146
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Sun Y, Jiang H, Tang H, Xu H, Liu H, Sun K, Huang X. Theoretical investigation on the mechanism of FeCl3-catalysed cross-coupling reaction of alcohols with alkenes. Mol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2014.886738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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147
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Kim J, Chang S. Iridium-Catalyzed Direct CH Amidation with Weakly Coordinating Carbonyl Directing Groups under Mild Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:2203-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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148
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Kim J, Chang S. Iridium-Catalyzed Direct CH Amidation with Weakly Coordinating Carbonyl Directing Groups under Mild Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201310544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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149
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Bheeter CB, Jin R, Bera JK, Dixneuf PH, Doucet H. Palladium-Catalysed Dehydrogenativesp3CH Bonds Functionalisation into Alkenes: A Direct Access toN-Alkenylbenzenesulfonamides. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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150
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Cheng GJ, Yang YF, Liu P, Chen P, Sun TY, Li G, Zhang X, Houk KN, Yu JQ, Wu YD. Role of N-acyl amino acid ligands in Pd(II)-catalyzed remote C-H activation of tethered arenes. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:894-7. [PMID: 24410499 DOI: 10.1021/ja411683n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A combined experimental/computational study on the amino acid ligand-assisted Pd-catalyzed C-H bond activation reveals a mechanism in which the amino acid acts as both a dianionic bidentate ligand and a proton acceptor. This new model explains the effects of amino acids on reactivity and selectivity and unveils the dual roles of amino acids: stabilizing monomeric Pd complexes and serving as the internal base for proton abstraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Juan Cheng
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055, China
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