101
|
Hryniewicka A, Misztalewska I, Czajkowska-Szczykowska D, Urbańczyk-Lipkowska Z, Morzycki JW, Witkowski S. New olefin metathesis catalysts bearing polyether clamp in N-heterocyclic carbenes ligands. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
102
|
Nelson JW, Grundy LM, Dang Y, Wang ZX, Wang X. Mechanism of Z-Selective Olefin Metathesis Catalyzed by a Ruthenium Monothiolate Carbene Complex: A DFT Study. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500612r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John W. Nelson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Campus Box 194, P.O. Box 173364, Denver, Colorado 80217-3364, United States
| | - Lara M. Grundy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Campus Box 194, P.O. Box 173364, Denver, Colorado 80217-3364, United States
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaotai Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Campus Box 194, P.O. Box 173364, Denver, Colorado 80217-3364, United States
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Bashir O, Piche L, Claverie JP. 18-Electron Ruthenium Phosphine Sulfonate Catalysts for Olefin Metathesis. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500212x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oumar Bashir
- Québec Center for
Functional Materials, NanoQAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Quebec in Montreal, Succ Centre Ville CP8888, Montreal, Quebec H3C3P8, Canada
| | - Laurence Piche
- Québec Center for
Functional Materials, NanoQAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Quebec in Montreal, Succ Centre Ville CP8888, Montreal, Quebec H3C3P8, Canada
| | - Jerome P. Claverie
- Québec Center for
Functional Materials, NanoQAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Quebec in Montreal, Succ Centre Ville CP8888, Montreal, Quebec H3C3P8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Fürstner A. Catalysis for Total Synthesis: A Personal Account. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:8587-98. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
105
|
|
106
|
Hoveyda AH. Evolution of catalytic stereoselective olefin metathesis: from ancillary transformation to purveyor of stereochemical identity. J Org Chem 2014; 79:4763-92. [PMID: 24720633 PMCID: PMC4049245 DOI: 10.1021/jo500467z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There have been numerous significant advances in catalytic olefin metathesis (OM) during the past two decades. Such progress has transformed this important set of reactions to strategically pivotal processes that generate stereochemical identity while delivering molecules that cannot be easily prepared by alternative routes. In this Perspective, an analysis of the origin of the inception of bidentate benzylidene ligands for Ru-based OM catalysts is first presented. This is followed by an overview of the intellectual basis that culminated in the development of Mo-based diolates and stereogenic-at-Ru complexes for enantioselective OM. The principles accrued from the study of the latter Ru carbenes and Mo alkylidenes and utilized in the design of stereogenic-at-Mo, -W, and -Ru species applicable to enantioselective and Z-selective OM are then discussed. The influence of the recently introduced catalytic OM protocols on the design of synthesis routes leading to complex organic molecules is probed. The impact of a better understanding of the mechanistic nuances of OM toward the discovery of stereoselective catalysts is reviewed as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir H. Hoveyda
- Department of Chemistry,
Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Cannon J, Zou L, Liu P, Lan Y, O’Leary DJ, Houk KN, Grubbs RH. Carboxylate-assisted C(sp³)-H activation in olefin metathesis-relevant ruthenium complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:6733-43. [PMID: 24731019 PMCID: PMC4017616 DOI: 10.1021/ja5021958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of C-H activation at metathesis-relevant ruthenium(II) benzylidene complexes was studied both experimentally and computationally. Synthesis of a ruthenium dicarboxylate at a low temperature allowed for direct observation of the C-H activation step, independent of the initial anionic ligand-exchange reactions. A first-order reaction supports an intramolecular concerted metalation-deprotonation mechanism with ΔG(‡)(298K) = 22.2 ± 0.1 kcal·mol(-1) for the parent N-adamantyl-N'-mesityl complex. An experimentally determined ΔS(‡) = -5.2 ± 2.6 eu supports a highly ordered transition state for carboxylate-assisted C(sp(3))-H activation. Experimental results, including measurement of a large primary kinetic isotope effect (k(H)/k(D) = 8.1 ± 1.7), agree closely with a computed six-membered carboxylate-assisted C-H activation mechanism where the deprotonating carboxylate adopts a pseudo-apical geometry, displacing the aryl ether chelate. The rate of cyclometalation was found to be influenced by both the electronics of the assisting carboxylate and the ruthenium ligand environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey
S. Cannon
- Arnold
and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Lufeng Zou
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Yu Lan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Daniel J. O’Leary
- Department
of Chemistry, Pomona College, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Arnold
and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Umezawa T, Matsuda F. Recent progress toward synthesis of chlorosulfolipids: total synthesis and methodology. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
109
|
Hartung J, Grubbs RH. Catalytic, enantioselective synthesis of 1,2-anti-diols by asymmetric ring-opening/cross-metathesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:3885-8. [PMID: 24554613 PMCID: PMC4037230 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
An enantioselective method for the synthesis of 1,2-anti-diols has been developed. A cyclometalated chiral-at-ruthenium complex catalyzes the asymmetric ring-opening/cross-metathesis of dioxygenated cyclobutenes, thus resulting in functionally rich synthetic building blocks. Syntheses of the insect pheromone (+)-endo-brevicomin and monosaccharide ribose demonstrate the synthetic utility of the 1,2-anti-diol fragments generated in the title reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Hartung
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Chung WJ, Carlson JS, Vanderwal CD. General approach to the synthesis of the chlorosulfolipids danicalipin A, mytilipin A, and malhamensilipin A in enantioenriched form. J Org Chem 2014; 79:2226-41. [PMID: 24494597 PMCID: PMC3954434 DOI: 10.1021/jo5000829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A second-generation synthesis of three structurally related chlorosulfolipids has been developed. Key advances include highly stereocontrolled additions to α,β-dichloroaldehydes, kinetic resolutions of complex chlorinated vinyl epoxide intermediates, and Z-selective alkene cross metatheses of cis-vinyl epoxides. This strategy facilitated the synthesis of enantioenriched danicalipin A, mytilipin A, and malhamensilipin A in nine, eight, and 11 steps, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won-jin Chung
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences
II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Joseph S. Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences
II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Christopher D. Vanderwal
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences
II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Hartung J, Grubbs RH. Catalytic, Enantioselective Synthesis of 1,2-anti-Diols by Asymmetric Ring-Opening/Cross-Metathesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201310767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
112
|
Torker S, Khan RKM, Hoveyda AH. The influence of anionic ligands on stereoisomerism of Ru carbenes and their importance to efficiency and selectivity of catalytic olefin metathesis reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:3439-55. [PMID: 24533571 DOI: 10.1021/ja410606b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Investigations detailed herein provide insight regarding the mechanism of stereochemical inversion of stereogenic-at-Ru carbene complexes through a nonolefin metathesis-based polytopal rearrangement pathway. Computational analyses (DFT) reveal that there are two key factors that generate sufficient energy barriers that are responsible for the possibility of isolation and characterization of high-energy, but kinetically stable, intermediates: (1) donor-donor interactions that involve the anionic ligands and the strongly electron donating carbene groups and (2) dipolar effects arising from the syn relationship between the anionic groups (iodide and phenoxide). We demonstrate that a Brønsted acid lowers barriers to facilitate isomerization, and that the positive influence of a proton source is the result of its ability to diminish the repulsive electronic interactions originating from the anionic ligands. The implications of the present studies regarding a more sophisticated knowledge of the role of anionic units on the efficiency of Ru-catalyzed olefin metathesis reactions are discussed. The electronic basis for the increased facility with which allylic alcohols participate in olefin metathesis processes will be presented as well. Finally, we illustrate how a better understanding of the role of anionic ligands has served as the basis for successful design of Ru-based Z-selective catalysts for alkene metathesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Torker
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College , Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
113
|
Quigley BL, Grubbs RH. Ruthenium-catalysed Z-selective cross metathesis of allylic-substituted olefins. Chem Sci 2014; 5:501-506. [PMID: 25722847 PMCID: PMC4339074 DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52806e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Z-selective cross metathesis of allylic-substituted olefins is explored with recently developed ruthenium-based metathesis catalysts. The reaction proceeds with excellent stereoselectivity for the Z-isomer (typically >95%) and yields of up to 88% for a variety of allylic substituents. This includes the first synthesis of Z-α,β-unsaturated acetals by cross metathesis and their elaboration to Z-α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. In addition, the reaction is tolerant of a variety of cross partners, varying in functionality and steric profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan L. Quigley
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis , Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , USA .
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis , Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , USA .
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Wei Z, Li J, Wang N, Zhang Q, Shi D, Sun K. Solvent-free and direct C(sp3)–H amination of adamantanes by grinding. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
115
|
Koh MJ, Khan RKM, Torker S, Hoveyda AH. Broadly ApplicableZ- and Diastereoselective Ring-Opening/Cross-Metathesis Catalyzed by a Dithiolate Ru Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
116
|
Koh MJ, Khan RKM, Torker S, Hoveyda AH. Broadly ApplicableZ- and Diastereoselective Ring-Opening/Cross-Metathesis Catalyzed by a Dithiolate Ru Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:1968-72. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
117
|
Cyclometalated Ruthenium Alkylidene Complexes: A Powerful Family of Z-Selective Olefin Metathesis Catalysts. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2014_76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
118
|
Liu Y, Kim KE, Herbert MB, Fedorov A, Grubbs RH, Stoltz BM. Palladium-Catalyzed Decarbonylative Dehydration of Fatty Acids for the Production of Linear Alpha Olefins. Adv Synth Catal 2014; 356:130-136. [PMID: 24772061 PMCID: PMC3998208 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201301109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient palladium-catalyzed decarbonylative dehydration reaction of carboxylic acids is reported. This method transforms abundant and renewable even-numbered natural fatty acids into valuable and expensive odd-numbered alpha olefins. Additionally, the chemistry displays a high functional group tolerance. The process employs low loading of palladium catalyst and proceeds under solvent-free and relatively mild conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Liu
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Kelly E. Kim
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Myles B. Herbert
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Alexey Fedorov
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Venkatesham K, Chanti Babu D, Bharadwaj TV, Bunce RA, Rao CB, Venkateswarlu Y. Synthesis of n-alkyl terminal halohydrin esters from acid halides and cyclic ethers or thioethers under solvent- and catalyst-free conditions. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10499d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient and eco-friendly protocol has been developed for the preparation of n-alkyl terminal halohydrin esters under solvent- and catalyst-free conditions in high yields and with a broad substrate scope.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunuru Venkatesham
- Natural Products Laboratory
- Natural Products Division
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad, India
| | - Dokuburra Chanti Babu
- Natural Products Laboratory
- Natural Products Division
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad, India
| | - Tatipamula Vinay Bharadwaj
- Natural Products Laboratory
- Natural Products Division
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad, India
| | - Richard A. Bunce
- Natural Products Laboratory
- Natural Products Division
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad, India
| | - Chitturi Bhujanga Rao
- Natural Products Laboratory
- Natural Products Division
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad, India
| | - Yenamandra Venkateswarlu
- Natural Products Laboratory
- Natural Products Division
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Shahane S, Bruneau C, Fischmeister C. ZSelectivity: Recent Advances in one of the Current Major Challenges of Olefin Metathesis. ChemCatChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201300688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
121
|
Leitao EM, Piers WE, Parvez M. A thermally robust ruthenium phosphonium alkylidene catalyst — the effect of more bulky N-heterocyclic carbene ligands on catalyst performance in olefin metathesis reactions. CAN J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2013-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Three new ruthenium phosphonium alkylidene complexes incorporating N-heterocyclic carbene ligands with bulky N-aryl groups (2,6-diethyl, L = 1,3-bis(2,6-diethylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene (H2IDEP) and 2,6-diisopropyl, L = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene (H2ID-i-PP)) were synthesized and characterized. The H2ID-i-PP supported complex was found to exhibit excellent thermal stabilities relative to the parent N-mesityl (N-Mes) complexes as well as the H2IDEP supported complexes. All three phosphonium alkylidenes were evaluated in comparison to the N-Mes derivative and Grubbs second generation catalyst using standard olefin metathesis reactions and conditions. The complex containing the bulky H2ID-i-PP ligand was found to have excellent activity and longevity in comparison to the other catalysts. Although initiation rates were slow for this sterically bulky precatalyst, its superior activity led to the best overall efficiency in test reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. Leitao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Warren E. Piers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Masood Parvez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Cavarzan DA, Fagundes FD, Fuganti O, da Silva CW, Pinheiro CB, Back DF, Barison A, Bogado AL, de Araujo MP. Mixed phosphine/diimines and/or amines ruthenium carbonyl complexes: Synthesis, characterization and transfer-hydrogenation. Polyhedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2013.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
123
|
Endo K, Herbert MB, Grubbs RH. Investigations into Ruthenium Metathesis Catalysts with Six-Membered Chelating NHC Ligands: Relationship between Catalyst Structure and Stereoselectivity. Organometallics 2013; 32. [PMID: 24244062 DOI: 10.1021/om4006966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of ruthenium catalysts bearing five-membered chelating NHC architectures that exhibit very high Z-selectivity in a variety of metathesis reactions have recently been reported. It was envisioned that catalysts possessing sixmembered chelates could similarly exhibit high Z-selectivity and address limitations of this methodology. We thus prepared a number of new catalysts and systematically investigated the impact of the NHC and anionic ligand on their stereoselectivity. In standard metathesis assays, only catalysts containing six-membered chelated NHC structures and η2-bound anionic ligands favored the Z-olefin products compared to traditional ruthenium catalysts. In addition, substitution with bulkier N-aryl groups led to improved Z-selectivity. The effect of ligand structure on stereoselectivity discovered in this study will be useful in the future design of highly active and Z-selective ruthenium catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Endo
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
124
|
|
125
|
Matsuo T, Yoshida T, Fujii A, Kawahara K, Hirota S. Effect of Added Salt on Ring-Closing Metathesis Catalyzed by a Water-Soluble Hoveyda–Grubbs Type Complex To Form N-Containing Heterocycles in Aqueous Media. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om4005302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Matsuo
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takefumi Yoshida
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Akira Fujii
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Keiya Kawahara
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Shun Hirota
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Chung WJ, Carlson JS, Bedke DK, Vanderwal CD. A synthesis of the chlorosulfolipid mytilipin A via a longest linear sequence of seven steps. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:10052-5. [PMID: 23929596 PMCID: PMC3835569 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201304565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Magnificent seven: The chlorosulfolipid mytilipin A was synthesized in racemic form in seven steps and in enantioenriched form in eight steps. Key transformations include a highly diastereoselective bromoallylation of a sensitive α,β-dichloroaldehyde, a kinetic resolution of a vinyl epoxide, a convergent and highly Z-selective alkene cross-metathesis, and a chemoselective and diastereoselective dichlorination of a complex diene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christopher D. Vanderwal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, U.S.A. Homepage: http://www.chem.uci.edu/~cdv
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Zhuo LG, Yao ZK, Yu ZX. Synthesis of Z-alkenes from Rh(I)-catalyzed olefin isomerization of β,γ-unsaturated ketones. Org Lett 2013; 15:4634-7. [PMID: 24004268 DOI: 10.1021/ol401607c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Developing olefin isomerization reactions to reach kinetically controlled Z-alkenes is challenging because formation of trans-alkenes is thermodynamically favored under the traditional catalytic conditions using acids, bases, or transition metals as the catalysts. A new synthesis of Z-alkenes from Rh(I)-catalyzed olefin isomerization of β,γ-unsaturated ketones to α,β-unsaturated ketones was developed, providing an easy and efficient way to access various Z-enones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Gang Zhuo
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
128
|
Persich P, Llaveria J, Lhermet R, de Haro T, Stade R, Kondoh A, Fürstner A. Increasing the Structural Span of Alkyne Metathesis. Chemistry 2013; 19:13047-58. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
129
|
Deraedt C, d'Halluin M, Astruc D. Metathesis Reactions: Recent Trends and Challenges. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201300682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
130
|
Cannon JS, Grubbs RH. Alkene chemoselectivity in ruthenium-catalyzed Z-selective olefin metathesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:9001-4. [PMID: 23832646 PMCID: PMC3826562 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chelated ruthenium catalysts have achieved highly chemoselective olefin metathesis reactions. Terminal and internal Z olefins were selectively reacted in the presence of internal E olefins. Products were produced in good yield and high stereoselectivity for formation of a new Z olefin. No products of metathesis with the internal E olefin were observed. Chemoselectivity for terminal olefins was also observed over both sterically hindered and electronically deactivated alkenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S. Cannon
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Chung WJ, Carlson JS, Bedke DK, Vanderwal CD. A Synthesis of the Chlorosulfolipid Mytilipin A via a Longest Linear Sequence of Seven Steps. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201304565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
132
|
Morandi B, Wickens ZK, Grubbs RH. Regioselective Wacker Oxidation of Internal Alkenes: Rapid Access to Functionalized Ketones Facilitated by Cross-Metathesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:9751-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201303587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
133
|
Morandi B, Wickens ZK, Grubbs RH. Regioselective Wacker Oxidation of Internal Alkenes: Rapid Access to Functionalized Ketones Facilitated by Cross-Metathesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201303587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
134
|
Cannon JS, Grubbs RH. Alkene Chemoselectivity in Ruthenium-CatalyzedZ-Selective Olefin Metathesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
135
|
Hartung J, Grubbs RH. Highly Z-selective and enantioselective ring-opening/cross-metathesis catalyzed by a resolved stereogenic-at-Ru complex. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:10183-5. [PMID: 23822901 DOI: 10.1021/ja4046422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a ruthenium complex that catalyzes Z-selective (up to 98% Z) asymmetric ring-opening/cross-metathesis with high enantioselectivity (up to 95% ee) is reported. The synthesis of the catalyst features the resolution of a chelating N-heterocyclic carbene complex by ligand substitution with a chiral carboxylate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Hartung
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
136
|
Rosebrugh LE, Marx VM, Keitz BK, Grubbs RH. Synthesis of highly cis, syndiotactic polymers via ring-opening metathesis polymerization using ruthenium metathesis catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:10032-5. [PMID: 23782172 DOI: 10.1021/ja405559y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first example of ruthenium-mediated ring-opening metathesis polymerization generating highly cis, highly tactic polymers is reported. While the cis content varied from 62 to >95% depending on the monomer structure, many of the polymers synthesized displayed high tacticity (>95%). Polymerization of an enantiomerically pure 2,3-dicarboalkoxynorbornadiene revealed a syndiotactic microstructure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Rosebrugh
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
137
|
Miyazaki H, Herbert MB, Liu P, Dong X, Xu X, Keitz BK, Ung T, Mkrtumyan G, Houk KN, Grubbs RH. Z-Selective ethenolysis with a ruthenium metathesis catalyst: experiment and theory. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:5848-58. [PMID: 23547887 DOI: 10.1021/ja4010267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Z-selective ethenolysis activity of chelated ruthenium metathesis catalysts was investigated with experiment and theory. A five-membered chelated catalyst that was successfully employed in Z-selective cross metathesis reactions has now been found to be highly active for Z-selective ethenolysis at low ethylene pressures, while tolerating a wide variety of functional groups. This phenomenon also affects its activity in cross metathesis reactions and prohibits crossover reactions of internal olefins via trisubstituted ruthenacyclobutane intermediates. In contrast, a related catalyst containing a six-membered chelated architecture is not active for ethenolysis and seems to react through different pathways more reminiscent of previous generations of ruthenium catalysts. Computational investigations of the effects of substitution on relevant transition states and ruthenacyclobutane intermediates revealed that the differences of activities are attributed to the steric repulsions of the anionic ligand with the chelating groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Miyazaki
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|