101
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Sun X, Yao X, Zhang C, Rao Y. Pd(II) catalyzed ortho C-H iodination of phenylcarbamates at room temperature using cyclic hypervalent iodine reagents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:10014-7. [PMID: 26001095 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02533h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach to access ortho iodinated phenols using cyclic hypervalent iodine reagents through palladium(II) catalyzed C-H activation has been developed through weak coordination. The reaction showed excellent regioselectivity, reactivity and good functional group tolerance. A unique mechanism was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyun Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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102
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Fan X, Guo Y, Li Y, Yu K, Liu H, Liao D, Ji Y. Pd‐Catalyzed Late‐Stage Monoacetoxylation and Monoiodination of 4‐Alkyl‐1,5‐diaryl‐1
H
‐pyrazole‐3‐carboxylates via Direct Csp
2
−H Bond Activation. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201600028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue‐Min Fan
- School of PharmacyEast China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Ying Guo
- School of PharmacyEast China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Dan Li
- School of PharmacyEast China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Kun‐Kun Yu
- School of PharmacyEast China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Hong‐Wei Liu
- School of PharmacyEast China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Dao‐Hua Liao
- School of PharmacyEast China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Ya‐Fei Ji
- School of PharmacyEast China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
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103
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Abstract
This Perspective presents the fundamental principles, the elementary reactions, the initial catalytic systems, and the contemporary catalysts that have converted C-H bond functionalization from a curiosity to a reality for synthetic chemists. Many classes of elementary reactions involving transition-metal complexes cleave C-H bonds at typically unreactive positions. These reactions, coupled with a separate or simultaneous functionalization process lead to products containing new C-C, C-N, and C-O bonds. Such reactions were initially studied for the conversion of light alkanes to liquid products, but they have been used (and commercialized in some cases) most often for the synthesis of the more complex structures of natural products, medicinally active compounds, and aromatic materials. Such a change in direction of research in C-H bond functionalization is remarkable because the reactions must occur at an unactivated C-H bond over functional groups that are more reactive than the C-H bond toward classical reagents. The scope of reactions that form C-C bonds or install functionality at an unactivated C-H bond will be presented, and the potential future utility of these reactions will be discussed.
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104
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Haines BE, Berry JF, Yu JQ, Musaev DG. Factors Controlling Stability and Reactivity of Dimeric Pd(II) Complexes in C–H Functionalization Catalysis. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon E. Haines
- Cherry
L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, 1515
Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - John F. Berry
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin − Madison, 1101 University
Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Djamaladdin G. Musaev
- Cherry
L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, 1515
Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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105
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Zhan BB, Liu YH, Hu F, Shi BF. Nickel-catalyzed ortho-halogenation of unactivated (hetero)aryl C–H bonds with lithium halides using a removable auxiliary. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:4934-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00822d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The first example of Ni-catalyzed halogenation of (hetero)aryl C–H bonds with lithium halides using PIP as a removable directing group is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Bei Zhan
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Yan-Hua Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Fang Hu
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Bing-Feng Shi
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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106
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Kondo Y, Abe M, Denneval C, Nozawa-Kumada K. Development of Madelung-Type Indole Synthesis Using Copper-Catalyzed Amidation/Condensation Strategy. HETEROCYCLES 2016. [DOI: 10.3987/com-16-13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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107
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Pawar AB, Lade DM. Cobalt(iii)-catalyzed C–H halogenation of 6-arylpurines: facile entry into arylated, sulfenylated and alkoxylated 6-arylpurines. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:3275-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02640g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cp*Co(iii)-catalyzed C–H halogenation of 6-arylpurines has been reported under mild conditions and this protocol was further applied for the synthesis of arylated, sulfenylated and alkoxylated purine analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit B. Pawar
- Division of Natural Product Chemistry
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
| | - Dhanaji M. Lade
- Division of Natural Product Chemistry
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
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108
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Maes J, Maes BU. A Journey Through Metal-Catalyzed C H Functionalization of Heterocycles. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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109
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Cernak T, Dykstra KD, Tyagarajan S, Vachal P, Krska SW. The medicinal chemist's toolbox for late stage functionalization of drug-like molecules. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:546-76. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00628g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 976] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The advent of modern C–H functionalization chemistries has enabled medicinal chemists to consider a synthetic strategy, late stage functionalization (LSF), which utilizes the C–H bonds of drug leads as points of diversification for generating new analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Cernak
- Merck Research Laboratories
- Discovery Chemistry - Automation & Capabilities Enhancement
- Boston
- USA
| | - Kevin D. Dykstra
- Merck Research Laboratories
- Discovery Chemistry - Automation & Capabilities Enhancement
- Rahway
- USA
| | - Sriram Tyagarajan
- Merck Research Laboratories
- Discovery Chemistry - Automation & Capabilities Enhancement
- Rahway
- USA
| | - Petr Vachal
- Merck Research Laboratories
- Discovery Chemistry - Automation & Capabilities Enhancement
- Rahway
- USA
| | - Shane W. Krska
- Merck Research Laboratories
- Discovery Chemistry - Automation & Capabilities Enhancement
- Rahway
- USA
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110
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Xu J, Zhu X, Zhou G, Ying B, Ye P, Su L, Shen C, Zhang P. Copper(ii)-catalyzed C5 and C7 halogenation of quinolines using sodium halides under mild conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:3016-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00169f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A simple and mild protocol for copper catalyzed halogenation of quinoline at C5 and C7 positions was developed, affording the desired remote C–H activation products in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- College of Material
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 310036
- China
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- College of Material
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 310036
- China
| | - Guobin Zhou
- Zhejiang Yongtai Technology Co
- Ltd
- Linhai 317016
- China
| | - Beibei Ying
- College of Material
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 310036
- China
| | - Pingping Ye
- College of Material
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 310036
- China
| | - Lingying Su
- College of Material
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 310036
- China
| | - Chao Shen
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering
- Zhejiang Shuren University
- Hangzhou 310015
- China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Material
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 310036
- China
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111
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Stephens DE, Larionov OV. Recent Advances in the C-H-Functionalization of the Distal Positions in Pyridines and Quinolines. Tetrahedron 2015; 71:8683-8716. [PMID: 26640303 PMCID: PMC4666591 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent developments in the C-H-functionalization of the distal positions of pyridines, quinolines and related azaheterocycles. While the functionalization of the C2 position has been known for a long time and is facilitated by the proximity to N1, regioselective reactions in the distal positions are more difficult to achieve and have only emerged in the last decade. Recent advances in the transition metal-catalyzed distal C-H-functionalization of these synthetically-important azaheterocycles are discussed in detail, with the focus on the scope, site-selectivity and mechanistic aspects of the reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Stephens
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78249, United States
| | - Oleg. V. Larionov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78249, United States
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112
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Sarkar D, Gulevich AV, Melkonyan FS, Gevorgyan V. Synthesis of Multisubstituted Arenes via PyrDipSi-Directed Unsymmetrical Iterative C–H Functionalizations. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b01724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhruba Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, United States
| | - Anton V. Gulevich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, United States
| | - Ferdinand S. Melkonyan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, United States
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113
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Teskey CJ, Lui AYW, Greaney MF. Ruthenium-Catalyzed meta-Selective C-H Bromination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:11677-80. [PMID: 26288217 PMCID: PMC4678425 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The first example of a transition-metal-catalyzed, meta-selective C-H bromination procedure is reported. In the presence of catalytic [{Ru(p-cymene)Cl2 }2 ], tetrabutylammonium tribromide can be used to functionalize the meta C-H bond of 2-phenylpyridine derivatives, thus affording difficult to access products which are highly predisposed to further derivatization. We demonstrate this utility with one-pot bromination/arylation and bromination/alkenylation procedures to deliver meta-arylated and meta-alkenylated products, respectively, in a single step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Teskey
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL (UK)
| | - Andrew Y W Lui
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL (UK)
| | - Michael F Greaney
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL (UK).
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114
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Teskey CJ, Lui AYW, Greaney MF. Ruthenium-Catalyzedmeta-Selective CH Bromination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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115
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Hu F, Szostak M. Recent Developments in the Synthesis and Reactivity of Isoxazoles: Metal Catalysis and Beyond. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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116
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Dastbaravardeh N, Toba T, Farmer ME, Yu JQ. Monoselective o-C-H Functionalizations of Mandelic Acid and α-Phenylglycine. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:9877-84. [PMID: 26162456 PMCID: PMC4538457 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Pd-catalyzed C-H functionalization of mandelic acid and α-phenylglycine is reported. We have developed different protocols for the arylation, iodination, acetoxylation, and olefination of these substrates based on two different (Pd(II)/Pd(IV) and Pd(II)/Pd(0)) catalytic cycles. Four crucial features of these protocols are advantageous for practical applications. First, the α-hydroxyl and amino groups are protected with simple protecting groups such as acetates (Ac, Piv) and carbamates (Boc, Fmoc), respectively. Second, these protocols do not involve installation and removal of a directing group. Third, monoselectivity is accomplished. Fourth, no epimerization occurs at the vulnerable α-chiral centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Dastbaravardeh
- Department of Chemistry, The
Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Tetsuya Toba
- Department of Chemistry, The
Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Marcus E. Farmer
- Department of Chemistry, The
Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The
Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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117
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Liu G, Ozoe F, Furuta K, Ozoe Y. 4,5-Substituted 3-Isoxazolols with Insecticidal Activity Act as Competitive Antagonists of Housefly GABA Receptors. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6304-6312. [PMID: 26120732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The insect GABA receptor (GABAR), which is composed of five RDL subunits, represents an important target for insecticides. A series of 4,5-disubstituted 3-isoxazolols, including muscimol analogues, were synthesized and examined for their activities against four splice variants (ac, ad, bc, and bd) of housefly GABARs expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Muscimol was a more potent agonist than GABA in all four splice variants, whereas synthesized analogues did not exhibit agonism but rather antagonism in housefly GABARs. The introduction of bicyclic aromatic groups at the 4-position of muscimol and the simultaneous replacement of the aminomethyl group with a carbamoyl group at the 5-position to afford six 4-aryl-5-carbamoyl-3-isoxazolols resulted in compounds that exhibited significantly enhanced antagonism with IC50 values in the low micromolar range in the ac variant. The inhibition of GABA-induced currents by 100 μM analogues was approximately 1.5-4-fold greater in the ac and bc variants than in the ad and bd variants. 4-(3-Biphenylyl)-5-carbamoyl-3-isoxazolol displayed competitive antagonism, with IC50 values of 30, 34, 107, and 96 μM in the ac, bc, ad, and bd variants, respectively, and exhibited moderate insecticidal activity against houseflies, with an LD50 value of 5.6 nmol/fly. These findings suggest that these 3-isoxazolol analogues are novel lead compounds for the design and development of insecticides that target the orthosteric site of housefly GABARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genyan Liu
- †Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Fumiyo Ozoe
- §Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Furuta
- †Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
- §Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Ozoe
- †Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
- §Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
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118
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Yadav MR, Rit RK, Shankar M, Sahoo AK. Reusable and Removable Directing Groups for C(sp2)−H Bond Functionalization of Arenes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201500105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ramu Yadav
- School of Chemistry; University of Hyderabad; Hyderabad 500 046 India
| | - Raja K. Rit
- School of Chemistry; University of Hyderabad; Hyderabad 500 046 India
| | - Majji Shankar
- School of Chemistry; University of Hyderabad; Hyderabad 500 046 India
| | - Akhila K. Sahoo
- School of Chemistry; University of Hyderabad; Hyderabad 500 046 India
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119
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Pal P, Singh H, Panda AB, Ghosh SC. Heterogeneous Cu-MnO Catalyzed Monoselective ortho
-Halogenation of Aromatic C−H Bonds under Visible Light. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201500245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Provas Pal
- Division Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division and AcSIR; Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR), G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar-; 364002 Gujarat India), Fax
| | - Harshvardhan Singh
- Division Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division and AcSIR; Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR), G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar-; 364002 Gujarat India), Fax
| | - Asit Baran Panda
- Division Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division and AcSIR; Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR), G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar-; 364002 Gujarat India), Fax
| | - Subhash Chandra Ghosh
- Division Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division and AcSIR; Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR), G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar-; 364002 Gujarat India), Fax
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120
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Abdelkafi H, Cintrat JC. Regioselective Halogenation of 1,4-Benzodiazepinones via CH Activation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12131. [PMID: 26179245 PMCID: PMC4503988 DOI: 10.1038/srep12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reports an efficient CH activation process for regioselective halogenation of 1,4-benzodiazepinones. Direct halogenation with NXS (X = Br, I) affords halogenated benzodiazepinones on the central aromatic ring whereas catalyst (Pd(OAc)2) controlled CH activation furnishes regioselectively ortho halogenated benzodiazepinones on the phenyl side chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Abdelkafi
- CEA, iBiTecS, Service de Chimie Bioorganique et de Marquage, LabEx LERMIT. 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette (France)
| | - Jean-Christophe Cintrat
- CEA, iBiTecS, Service de Chimie Bioorganique et de Marquage, LabEx LERMIT. 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette (France)
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121
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Haines BE, Xu H, Verma P, Wang XC, Yu JQ, Musaev DG. Mechanistic Details of Pd(II)-Catalyzed C-H Iodination with Molecular I2: Oxidative Addition vs Electrophilic Cleavage. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:9022-31. [PMID: 26135326 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b03410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed C-H bond halogenation is an important alternative to the highly utilized directed-lithiation methods and increases the accessibility of the synthetically valuable aryl halide compounds. However, this approach often requires impractical reagents, such as IOAc, or strong co-oxidants. Therefore, the development of methodology utilizing inexpensive oxidants and catalyst containing earth-abundant transition metals under mild experimental conditions would represent a significant advance in the field. Success in this endeavor requires a full understanding of the mechanisms and reactivity governing principles of this process. Here, we report intimate mechanistic details of the Pd(II)-catalyzed C-H iodination with molecular I2 as the sole oxidant. Namely, we elucidate the impact of the: (a) Pd-directing group (DG) interaction, (b) nature of oxidant, and (c) nature of the functionalized C-H bond [C(sp(2))-H vs C(sp(3))-H] on the Pd(II)/Pd(IV) redox and Pd(II)/Pd(II) redox-neutral mechanisms of this reaction. We find that both monomeric and dimeric Pd(II) species may act as an active catalyst during the reaction, which preferentially proceeds via the Pd(II)/Pd(II) redox-neutral electrophilic cleavage (EC) pathway for all studied substrates with a functionalized C(sp(2))-H bond. In general, a strong Pd-DG interaction increases the EC iodination barrier and reduces the I-I oxidative addition (OA) barrier. However, the increase in Pd-DG interaction alone is not enough to make the mechanistic switch from EC to OA: This occurs only upon changing to substrates with a functionalized C(sp(3))-H bond. We also investigated the impact of the nature of the electrophile on the C(sp(2))-H bond halogenation. We predicted molecular bromine (Br2) to be more effective electrophile for the C(sp(2))-H halogenation than I2. Subsequent experiments on the stoichiometric C(sp(2))-H bromination by Pd(OAc)2 and Br2 confirmed this prediction.The findings of this study advance our ability to design more efficient reactions with inexpensive oxidants under mild experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon E Haines
- †Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Huiying Xu
- †Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Pritha Verma
- ‡Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Xiao-Chen Wang
- ‡Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- ‡Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Djamaladdin G Musaev
- †Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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122
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Li L, Liu W, Zeng H, Mu X, Cosa G, Mi Z, Li CJ. Photo-induced Metal-Catalyst-Free Aromatic Finkelstein Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:8328-31. [PMID: 26086314 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b03220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The facile iodination of aromatic compounds under mild conditions is a great challenge for both organic and medicinal chemistry. Particularly, the synthesis of functionalized aryl iodides by light has long been considered impossible due to their photo-lability, which actually makes aryl iodides popular starting materials in many photo-substitution reactions. Herein, a photo-induced halogen exchange in aryl or vinyl halides has been discovered for the first time. A broad scope of aryl iodides can be prepared in high yields at room temperature under exceptionally mild conditions without any metal or photo-redox catalysts. The presence of a catalytic amount of elemental iodine could promote the reaction significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- †Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada.,‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Wenbo Liu
- †Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Huiying Zeng
- †Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Xiaoyue Mu
- †Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Gonzalo Cosa
- †Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Zetian Mi
- ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- †Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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123
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Xie S, Fukumoto R, Ramström O, Yan M. Anilide formation from thioacids and perfluoroaryl azides. J Org Chem 2015; 80:4392-7. [PMID: 25837012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A metal-free method for fast and clean anilide formation from perfluoroaryl azide and thioacid is presented. The reaction proved highly efficient, displaying fast kinetics, high yield, and good chemoselectivity. The transformation was compatible with various solvents and tolerant to a wide variety of functional groups, and it showed high performance in polar protic/aprotic media, including aqueous buffer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Xie
- †Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 36, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ryo Fukumoto
- †Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 36, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Ramström
- †Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 36, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mingdi Yan
- †Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 36, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.,‡Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Avenue, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
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124
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Ma YN, Zhang HY, Yang SD. Pd(II)-Catalyzed P(O)R1R2-Directed Asymmetric C–H Activation and Dynamic Kinetic Resolution for the Synthesis of Chiral Biaryl Phosphates. Org Lett 2015; 17:2034-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Na Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Shang-Dong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, NanKai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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125
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Rhodium-catalyzed ortho-selective C–H halogenation of 2-arylbenzo[d]thiazoles using N-halosuccinimides as halogen sources. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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126
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Wang XC, Gong W, Fang LZ, Zhu RY, Li S, Engle KM, Yu JQ. Ligand-enabled meta-C-H activation using a transient mediator. Nature 2015; 519:334-8. [PMID: 25754328 DOI: 10.1038/nature14214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 450] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Achieving site selectivity in C-H functionalization reactions is a significant challenge, especially when the target C-H bond is distant from existing functional groups. Coordination of a functional group to a metal is often a key driving force and control element in many important reactions including asymmetric hydrogenation, epoxidation and lithiation. Exploitation of this effect has led to the development of a broad range of directed C-H activation reactions. However, these C-H activation methods are limited to proximal C-H bonds, which are spatially and geometrically accessible from the directing functional group. The development of meta-selective C-H functionalizations remains a significant challenge. We recently developed a U-shaped template that can be used to overcome this constraint and have shown that it can be used to selectively activate remote meta-C-H bonds. Although this approach has proved to be applicable to various substrates and catalytic transformations, the need for a covalently attached, complex template is a substantial drawback for synthetic applications. Here we report an alternative approach employing norbornene as a transient mediator to achieve meta-selective C-H activation with a simple and common ortho-directing group. The use of a newly developed pyridine-based ligand is crucial for relaying the palladium catalyst to the meta position by norbornene after initial ortho-C-H activation. This catalytic reaction demonstrates the feasibility of switching ortho-selectivity to meta-selectivity in C-H activation of the same substrate by catalyst control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Li-Zhen Fang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Ru-Yi Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Suhua Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Keary M Engle
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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127
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Chen W, Zhang J, Wang B, Zhao Z, Wang X, Hu Y. Tandem Synthesis of 3-chloro-4-iodoisoxazoles from 1-copper(I) alkynes, dichloroformaldoxime, and molecular iodine. J Org Chem 2015; 80:2413-7. [PMID: 25594794 DOI: 10.1021/jo502634h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A tandem synthesis for structurally novel 3-chloro-4-iodoisoxazoles was developed by simply mixing 1-copper(I) alkynes, dichloroformaldoxime, and molecular iodine together. The combination of 1-copper(I) alkyne and molecular iodine was well used as a synthetic equivalent of 1-iodoalkyne without the need for tedious preparation, purification, and storage of 1-iodoalkyne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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128
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Schröder N, Lied F, Glorius F. Dual Role of Rh(III) Catalyst Enables Regioselective Halogenation of (Electron-Rich) Heterocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:1448-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Schröder
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Fabian Lied
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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129
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Pan D, Chen GQ, Tang XY, Shi M. Palladium-catalyzed intramolecular rearrangement of vinylidenecyclopropanes through C–C bond activation. Org Chem Front 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00127g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An intramolecular rearrangement of vinylidenecyclopropanes to dimethylenecyclopropanes through C–C bond activation has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- P. R. China
| | - Gen-Qiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Ying Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- P. R. China
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- P. R. China
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130
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Li B, Liu B, Shi BF. Copper-catalyzed ortho-halogenation of arenes and heteroarenes directed by a removable auxiliary. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:5093-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00531k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed ortho-halogenation of C(sp2)–H bonds directed by a PIP directing group with NXS (X = Cl, Br, I) has been developed. The reaction is scalable and tolerates a broad range of functional groups and heteroarenes, providing an efficient access to halogenated arenes and heteroarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Bing-Feng Shi
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry
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131
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Santra SK, Banerjee A, Khatun N, Samanta A, Patel BK. Palladium catalyzed ortho-halogenation of 2-arylbenzothiazole and 2,3-diarylquinoxaline. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15461d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A Pd-catalysed mono and di-o-halogenation strategy has been demonstrated selectively using benzothiazoles and quinoxalines as the directing substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arghya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- India
| | - Nilufa Khatun
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- India
| | - Asim Samanta
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- India
| | - Bhisma K. Patel
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- India
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132
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Chen Z, Wang B, Zhang J, Yu W, Liu Z, Zhang Y. Transition metal-catalyzed C–H bond functionalizations by the use of diverse directing groups. Org Chem Front 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00004a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1238] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this review, a summary of transition metal-catalyzed C–H activation by utilizing the functionalities as directing groups is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengkai Chen
- ZJU-NHU United R&D Center
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Binjie Wang
- ZJU-NHU United R&D Center
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Jitan Zhang
- ZJU-NHU United R&D Center
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Wenlong Yu
- ZJU-NHU United R&D Center
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Zhanxiang Liu
- ZJU-NHU United R&D Center
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- ZJU-NHU United R&D Center
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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133
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Zhao J, Cheng X, Le J, Yang W, Xue F, Zhang X, Jiang C. Cu-mediated direct regioselective C-2 chlorination of indoles. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:9000-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01228g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cu-mediated C-2 chlorination of indoles was accomplished with copper(ii) chloride through the use of a directing pyrimidyl protection group. A highly regioselective manner can be achieved on a range of indole substrates with excellent functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Xiuzhi Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Jun Le
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy
- Baltimore
- United States
| | - Fengtian Xue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy
- Baltimore
- United States
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
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134
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Zhang P, Hong L, Li G, Wang R. Sodium Halides as Halogenating Reagents: Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Versatile and Practical Halogenation of Aryl Compounds. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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135
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Chen M, Ichikawa S, Buchwald SL. Rapid and Efficient Copper‐Catalyzed Finkelstein Reaction of (Hetero)Aromatics under Continuous‐Flow Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18‐490, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Saki Ichikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18‐490, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18‐490, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
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136
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Chen M, Ichikawa S, Buchwald SL. Rapid and Efficient Copper‐Catalyzed Finkelstein Reaction of (Hetero)Aromatics under Continuous‐Flow Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:263-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18‐490, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Saki Ichikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18‐490, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18‐490, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
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137
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Samala S, Pallavi P, Kumar R, Arigela RK, Singh G, Ampapathi RS, Priya A, Datta S, Patra A, Kundu B. One-Pot Synthesis of Highly Fluorescent Pyrido[1,2-a]indole Derivatives through CH/NH Activation: Photophysical Investigations and Application in Cell Imaging. Chemistry 2014; 20:14344-50. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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138
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Wang L, Ackermann L. Ruthenium-catalyzed ortho-C-H halogenations of benzamides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:1083-5. [PMID: 24317223 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47852a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
[Ru3(CO)12] and AgO2C(1-Ad) enabled the first ruthenium-catalyzed intermolecular halogenations of arenes via C-H activation. Thereby, brominations and iodinations of electron-rich and electron-deficient benzamides were achieved in a highly selective fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhui Wang
- Institut fuer Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universitaet, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
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139
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Tian Q, He P, Kuang C. Palladium-catalyzed ortho-acylation of 2-benzyl-1,2,3-triazoles with aldehydes. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:7474-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01406e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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140
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Shang M, Wang HL, Sun SZ, Dai HX, Yu JQ. Cu(II)-mediated ortho C-H alkynylation of (hetero)arenes with terminal alkynes. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11590-3. [PMID: 25087720 DOI: 10.1021/ja507704b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cu(II)-promoted ortho alkynylation of arenes and heteroarenes with terminal alkynes has been developed to prepare aryl alkynes. A variety of arenes and terminal alkynes bearing different substituents are compatible with this reaction, thus providing an alternative disconnection to Sonogashira coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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141
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Lu C, Zhang SY, He G, Nack WA, Chen G. Palladium-catalyzed picolinamide-directed halogenation of ortho C–H bonds of benzylamine substrates. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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142
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfa Shi
- The Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China, Fax: (+86)‐21‐6598‐9295; phone: (+86)‐21‐6598‐9295
| | - Yanghui Zhang
- The Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China, Fax: (+86)‐21‐6598‐9295; phone: (+86)‐21‐6598‐9295
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
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143
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Zheng C, You SL. Recent development of direct asymmetric functionalization of inert C–H bonds. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46996d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 468] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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144
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Arroniz C, Denis JG, Ironmonger A, Rassias G, Larrosa I. An organic cation as a silver(i) analogue for the arylation of sp2 and sp3 C–H bonds with iodoarenes. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01215a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A general, cost-effective and sustainable replacement for silver in palladium catalysed direct arylations of C(sp2)–H and C(sp3)–H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Arroniz
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
- Queen Mary University of London
- London, UK
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre
- Stevenage, UK
| | - J. Gabriel Denis
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
- Queen Mary University of London
- London, UK
| | | | | | - Igor Larrosa
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
- Queen Mary University of London
- London, UK
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145
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Liu LL, Yuan H, Fu T, Wang T, Gao X, Zeng Z, Zhu J, Zhao Y. Double role of the hydroxy group of phosphoryl in palladium(II)-catalyzed ortho-olefination: a combined experimental and theoretical investigation. J Org Chem 2013; 79:80-7. [PMID: 24308311 DOI: 10.1021/jo402307x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations have been carried out on Pd-catalyzed phosphoryl-directed ortho-olefination to probe the origin of the significant reactivity difference between methyl hydrogen benzylphosphonates and dimethyl benzylphosphonates. The overall catalytic cycle is found to include four basic steps: C-H bond activation, transmetalation, reductive elimination, and recycling of catalyst, each of which is constituted from different steps. Our calculations reveal that the hydroxy group of phosphoryl plays a crucial role almost in all steps, which can not only stabilize the intermediates and transition states by intramolecular hydrogen bonds but also act as a proton donor so that the η(1)-CH3COO(-) ligand could be protonated to form a neutral acetic acid for easy removal. These findings explain why only the methyl hydrogen benzylphosphonates and methyl hydrogen phenylphosphates were found to be suitable reaction partners. Our mechanistic findings are further supported by theoretical prediction of Pd-catalyzed ortho-olefination using methyl hydrogen phenylphosphonate, which is verified by experimental observations that the desired product was formed in a moderate yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
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146
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Ren YL, Shang H, Wang J, Tian X, Zhao S, Wang Q, Li F. Nitrogen Dioxide-Catalyzed Electrophilic Iodination of Arenes. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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147
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Chu L, Wang XC, Moore CE, Rheingold AL, Yu JQ. Pd-Catalyzed Enantioselective C–H Iodination: Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Diarylmethylamines. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:16344-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja408864c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chu
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Xiao-Chen Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Curtis E. Moore
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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148
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Tian Q, Chen X, Liu W, Wang Z, Shi S, Kuang C. Regioselective halogenation of 2-substituted-1,2,3-triazoles via sp2 C–H activation. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:7830-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41558a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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