101
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Emori S, Takano S, Koyasu K, Tsukuda T. Chemical transformations of [MAu 8(PPh 3) 8] 2+ (M = Pt, Pd) and [Au 9(PPh 3) 8] 3+ in methanol induced by irradiation of atmospheric pressure plasma. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:124312. [PMID: 34598581 DOI: 10.1063/5.0061208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction processes of ligand-protected metal clusters induced by irradiating atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) were investigated using optical spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The target clusters were phosphine-protected gold-based clusters [MAu8(PPh3)8]2+ (M = Pt, Pd) and [Au9(PPh3)8]3+, which have a crown-shaped M@Au8 (M = Pt, Pd, Au) core with an unligated M site at the central position. The APP irradiation of [MAu8(PPh3)8]2+ (M = Pt, Pd) in methanol resulted in the selective formation of [PtAu8(PPh3)8CO]2+ and [PdAu9(PPh3)8CN]2+ via the addition of a CO molecule and AuCN unit, respectively, generated in situ by the APP irradiation. In contrast, the APP irradiation of [Au9(PPh3)8]3+ in methanol yielded [Au9(PPh3)7(CN)1]2+ and [Au10(PPh3)7(CN)2]2+ as the main products, which were produced by sequential addition of AuCN to reactive [Au8(PPh3)7]2+ formed by dissociation equilibrium of [Au9(PPh3)8]3+. DFT calculations predicted that a unique chain-like {-(CNAu)n-PPh3} (n = 1, 2) ligand was formed via the sequential insertion of -CNAu- units into the Au-PPh3 bond of [PdAu8(PPh3)8]2+ and [Au8(PPh3)7]2+. These findings open up a new avenue for developing novel metal clusters via the chemical transformation of atomically defined metal clusters by APP irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojiro Emori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Takano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kiichirou Koyasu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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102
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Kawawaki T, Kataoka Y, Hirata M, Akinaga Y, Takahata R, Wakamatsu K, Fujiki Y, Kataoka M, Kikkawa S, Alotabi AS, Hossain S, Osborn DJ, Teranishi T, Andersson GG, Metha GF, Yamazoe S, Negishi Y. Creation of High-Performance Heterogeneous Photocatalysts by Controlling Ligand Desorption and Particle Size of Gold Nanocluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21340-21350. [PMID: 34038609 PMCID: PMC8518739 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the creation of new heterogeneous catalysts using the unique electronic/geometric structures of small metal nanoclusters (NCs) has received considerable attention. However, to achieve this, it is extremely important to establish methods to remove the ligands from ligand-protected metal NCs while preventing the aggregation of metal NCs. In this study, the ligand-desorption process during calcination was followed for metal-oxide-supported 2-phenylethanethiolate-protected gold (Au) 25-atom metal NCs using five experimental techniques. The results clearly demonstrate that the ligand-desorption process consists of ligand dissociation on the surface of the metal NCs, adsorption of the generated compounds on the support and desorption of the compounds from the support, and the temperatures at which these processes occurred were elucidated. Based on the obtained knowledge, we established a method to form a metal-oxide layer on the surface of Au NCs while preventing their aggregation, thereby succeeding in creating a water-splitting photocatalyst with high activity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokuhisa Kawawaki
- Department of Applied ChemistryFaculty of ScienceTokyo University of ScienceKagurazakaShinjuku-kuTokyo162-8601Japan
- Photocatalysis International Research CenterTokyo University of Science2641 YamazakiNodaChiba278-8510Japan
| | - Yuki Kataoka
- Department of Applied ChemistryFaculty of ScienceTokyo University of ScienceKagurazakaShinjuku-kuTokyo162-8601Japan
| | - Momoko Hirata
- Department of Applied ChemistryFaculty of ScienceTokyo University of ScienceKagurazakaShinjuku-kuTokyo162-8601Japan
| | - Yuki Akinaga
- Department of Applied ChemistryFaculty of ScienceTokyo University of ScienceKagurazakaShinjuku-kuTokyo162-8601Japan
| | - Ryo Takahata
- Institute for Chemical ResearchKyoto UniversityGokashoUji611-0011Japan
| | - Kosuke Wakamatsu
- Department of Applied ChemistryFaculty of ScienceTokyo University of ScienceKagurazakaShinjuku-kuTokyo162-8601Japan
| | - Yu Fujiki
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceTokyo Metropolitan University1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji-shiTokyo192-0397Japan
| | - Miori Kataoka
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceTokyo Metropolitan University1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji-shiTokyo192-0397Japan
| | - Soichi Kikkawa
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceTokyo Metropolitan University1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji-shiTokyo192-0397Japan
| | - Abdulrahman S. Alotabi
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and TechnologyFlinders UniversityAdelaideSouth Australia5042Australia
| | - Sakiat Hossain
- Department of Applied ChemistryFaculty of ScienceTokyo University of ScienceKagurazakaShinjuku-kuTokyo162-8601Japan
| | - D. J. Osborn
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia5005Australia
| | | | - Gunther G. Andersson
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and TechnologyFlinders UniversityAdelaideSouth Australia5042Australia
| | - Gregory F. Metha
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia5005Australia
| | - Seiji Yamazoe
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceTokyo Metropolitan University1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji-shiTokyo192-0397Japan
| | - Yuichi Negishi
- Department of Applied ChemistryFaculty of ScienceTokyo University of ScienceKagurazakaShinjuku-kuTokyo162-8601Japan
- Photocatalysis International Research CenterTokyo University of Science2641 YamazakiNodaChiba278-8510Japan
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103
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Huang JH, Si Y, Dong XY, Wang ZY, Liu LY, Zang SQ, Mak TCW. Symmetry Breaking of Atomically Precise Fullerene-like Metal Nanoclusters. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12439-12444. [PMID: 34355894 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a neutral fullerene-like core-shell homosilver Ag13@Ag20 nanocluster that is fully protected by an achiral bidentate thiolate ligand (9,12-dimercapto-1,2-closo-carborane, C2B10H10S2H2), which crystallizes in centrosymmetric space group R3̅. Continuous Cu doping in the dodecahedral shell first induced symmetry breaking to generate chiral Ag13@Ag20-nCun (6 ≥ n ≥ 2) containing two acetonitrile ligands in space group P212121, and then produced symmetric all-thiolated Ag13@Ag20-nCun (20 ≥ n ≥ 13) in the higher space group Im3̅. The selectively copper-doped Ag13@Ag20-nCun (6 ≥ n ≥ 2) cluster has its structure reorganized to a lower symmetry that shows chiroptical activity. Moreover, structural distortion of Ag13@Ag20-nCun (6 ≥ n ≥ 2) further expanded in chiral R-/S-propylene oxide, which induced a more prominent core-based CD response. This work revealed a novel mechanism of chirality generation at the atomic level through asymmetric shell-doping of metal nanoclusters, which provides new insight into the origin of chirality in inorganic nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hong Huang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yubing Si
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xi-Yan Dong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Li-Ying Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Thomas C W Mak
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
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104
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Rodríguez-Kessler PL, Rojas-Poblete M, Muñoz-Castro A. Evaluation of ultrasmall coinage metal M 13(dppe) 6 M = Cu, Ag, and Au clusters. Bonding, structural and optical properties from relativistic DFT calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:18035-18043. [PMID: 34386809 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02451e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasmall ligand-protected clusters are prototypical species for evaluating the variation at the bottom of the nanoscale range. Here we explored the ultrasmall gold-phosphine M13(dppe)6 cluster, as a prototypical framework to gain insights into the fundamental similarities and differences between Au, Ag, and Cu, in the 1-3 nm size range, via relativistic DFT calculations. Different charge states involving 8- and 10-cluster electron (ce) species with a 1S21P6 and 1S21P61D2 configuration, leading to structural modification in the Au species between Au13(dppm)65+ and Au13(dppm)63+, respectively. Furthermore, this structural distortion of the M13 core is found to occur to a lower degree for the calculated Ag and Cu counterparts. Interestingly, optical properties exhibit similar main patterns along with the series, inducing a blue-shift for silver and copper, in comparison to the gold parent cluster. For 10-ce species, the main features of 8-ce are retained with the appearance of several weak transitions in the range. The ligand-core interaction is enhanced for gold counterparts and decreased for lighter counterparts resulting in the Au > Cu > Ag trend for the interaction stabilization. Hence, the Ag and Cu counterparts of the Au13(dppm)6 cluster appear as useful alternatives, which can be further explored towards different cluster alternatives for building blocks for nanostructured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Rodríguez-Kessler
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, Santiago, Chile.
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105
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Shen H, Xu Z, Wang L, Han YZ, Liu X, Malola S, Teo BK, Häkkinen H, Zheng N. Tertiary Chiral Nanostructures from C-H⋅⋅⋅F Directed Assembly of Chiroptical Superatoms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22411-22416. [PMID: 34347339 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and structure of tertiary chiral nanostructures with 100 % optical purity. A novel synthetic strategy, using chiral reducing agent, R and S-BINAPCuBH4 (BINAP is 2,2'-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl), is developed to access to atomically precise, intrinsically chiral [Au7 Ag6 Cu2 (R- or S-BINAP)3 (SCH2 Ph)6 ]SbF6 nanoclusters in one-pot synthesis. The clusters represent the first tri-metallic superatoms with inherent chirality and fair stability. Both metal distribution (primary) and ligand arrangement (secondary) of the enantiomers exhibited perfect mirror images, and unprecedentedly, the self-assembly driven by the C-H⋅⋅⋅F interaction between the phenyl groups of the superatom moieties and SbF6 - anions induced the formation of bio-mimic left- and right-handed helices, achieving the tertiary chiral nanostructures. DFT calculations revealed the connections between the molecular details and chiral optical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Lingzheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ying-Zi Han
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xianhu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Sami Malola
- Departments of Physics and Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Boon K Teo
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Hannu Häkkinen
- Departments of Physics and Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Nanfeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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106
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Muñoz‐Castro A. Au
70
S
20
(PPh
3
)
12
as Superatomic Analog to 18‐electron Transition‐Metal Complexes. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Muñoz‐Castro
- Grupo de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares Facultad de Ingenieria Universidad Autonoma de Chile El Llano Subercaseaux 2801 Santiago Chile
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107
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Lee S, Bootharaju MS, Deng G, Malola S, Häkkinen H, Zheng N, Hyeon T. [Pt 2Cu 34(PET) 22Cl 4] 2-: An Atomically Precise, 10-Electron PtCu Bimetal Nanocluster with a Direct Pt-Pt Bond. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12100-12107. [PMID: 34314590 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heteroatom-doped metal nanoclusters (NCs) are highly desirable to gain fundamental insights into the effect of doping on the electronic structure and catalytic properties. Unfortunately, their controlled synthesis is highly challenging when the metal atomic sizes are largely different (e.g., Cu and Pt). Here, we design a metal-exchange strategy that enables simultaneous doping and resizing of NCs. Specifically, [Pt2Cu34(PET)22Cl4]2- NC, the first example of a Pt-doped Cu NC, is synthesized by utilizing the unique reactivity of [Cu32(PET)24Cl2H8]2- NC with Pt4+ ions. The single-crystal X-ray structure reveals that two directly bonded Pt atoms occupy the two centers of an unusually interpenetrating, incomplete biicosahedron core (Pt2Cu18), which is stabilized by a Cu16(PET)22Cl4 shell. The molecular structure and composition of the NC are validated by combined experimental and theoretical results. Electronic structure calculations, using the density functional theory, show that the Pt2Cu34 NC is a 10-electron superatom. The computed absorption spectrum matches well with the measured data and allows for assignment of the absorption peaks. The calculations also rationalize energetics for ligand exchange observed in the mass spectrometry data. The synergistic effects induced by Pt doping are found to enhance the catalytic activity of Cu NCs by ∼300-fold in silane to silanol conversion under mild conditions. Furthermore, our synthetic strategy has potential to produce Ni-, Pd-, and Au-doped Cu NCs, which will open new avenues to uncover their molecular structures and catalytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghwa Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Megalamane S Bootharaju
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Guocheng Deng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Sami Malola
- Departments of Physics and Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Hannu Häkkinen
- Departments of Physics and Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Nanfeng Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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108
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Hossain S, Miyajima S, Iwasa T, Kaneko R, Sekine T, Ikeda A, Kawawaki T, Taketsugu T, Negishi Y. [Ag 23Pd 2(PPh 3) 10Cl 7] 0: A new family of synthesizable bi-icosahedral superatomic molecules. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:024302. [PMID: 34266257 DOI: 10.1063/5.0057005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Icosahedral noble-metal 13-atom nanoclusters (NCs) can form connected structures, which can be regarded as superatomic molecules, by vertex sharing. However, there have been very few reports on the superatomic molecules formed using silver (Ag) as the base element. In this study, we synthesized [Ag23Pd2(PPh3)10Cl7]0 (Pd = palladium, PPh3 = triphenylphosphine, Cl = chloride), in which two icosahedral 13-atom NCs are connected, and elucidated its geometric and electronic structures to clarify what type of superatomic molecules can be synthesized. The results revealed that [Ag23Pd2(PPh3)10Cl7]0 is a synthesizable superatomic molecule. Single crystal x-ray diffraction analysis showed that the metal-metal distances in and between the icosahedral structures of [Ag23Pd2(PPh3)10Cl7]0 are slightly shorter than those of previously reported [Ag23Pt2(PPh3)10Cl7]0, whereas the metal-PPh3 distances are slightly longer. On the basis of several experiments and density functional theory calculations, we concluded that [Ag23Pd2(PPh3)10Cl7]0 and previously reported [Ag23Pt2(PPh3)10Cl7]0 are more stable than [Ag25(PPh3)10Cl7]2+ because of their stronger superatomic frameworks (metal cores). These findings are expected to lead to clear design guidelines for creation of new superatomic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakiat Hossain
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Sayuri Miyajima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku 162-8601, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwasa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Ryo Kaneko
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku 162-8601, Japan
| | - Taishu Sekine
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku 162-8601, Japan
| | - Ayaka Ikeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku 162-8601, Japan
| | - Tokuhisa Kawawaki
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yuichi Negishi
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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109
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Dong C, Huang RW, Chen C, Chen J, Nematulloev S, Guo X, Ghosh A, Alamer B, Hedhili MN, Isimjan TT, Han Y, Mohammed OF, Bakr OM. [Cu 36H 10(PET) 24(PPh 3) 6Cl 2] Reveals Surface Vacancy Defects in Ligand-Stabilized Metal Nanoclusters. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11026-11035. [PMID: 34255513 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Precise identification and in-depth understanding of defects in nanomaterials can aid in rationally modulating defect-induced functionalities. However, few studies have explored vacancy defects in ligand-stabilized metal nanoclusters with well-defined structures, owing to the substantial challenge of synthesizing and isolating such defective metal nanoclusters. Herein, a novel defective copper hydride nanocluster, [Cu36H10(PET)24(PPh3)6Cl2] (Cu36; PET: phenylethanethiolate; PPh3: triphenylphosphine), is successfully synthesized at the gram scale via a simple one-pot reduction method. Structural analysis reveals that Cu36 is a distorted half cubic nanocluster, evolved from the perfect Nichol's half cube. The two surface copper vacancies in Cu36 are found to be the principal imperfections, which result in some structural adjustments, including copper atom reconstruction near the vacancies as well as ligand modifications (e.g., substitution, migration, and exfoliation). Density functional theory calculations imply that the above-mentioned defects have a considerable influence on the electronic structure and properties. The modeling suggests that the formation of defective Cu36 rather than the perfect half cube is driven by the enlargement of the energy gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the nanocluster. The structural evolution induced by the surface copper atom vacancies provides atomically precise insights into the defect-induced readjustment of the local structure and introduces new avenues for understanding the chemistry of defects in nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunwei Dong
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ren-Wu Huang
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cailing Chen
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Saidkhodzha Nematulloev
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xianrong Guo
- Core Laboratories, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atanu Ghosh
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badriah Alamer
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Nejib Hedhili
- Core Laboratories, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tayirjan T Isimjan
- Hydrogen Platform, Catalysis Department, SABIC-CRD at KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yu Han
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar F Mohammed
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman M Bakr
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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110
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Bootharaju MS, Lee S, Deng G, Chang H, Baek W, Hyeon T. High photoluminescence from self-assembled Ag 2Cl 2(dppe) 2 clusters through metallophilic interactions. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:014307. [PMID: 34241379 DOI: 10.1063/5.0057356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand protected metal nanoclusters (NCs) are an emerging class of functional materials with intriguing photophysical and chemical properties. The size and molecular structure play an important role in endowing NCs with characteristic optical and electronic properties. Modulation of these properties through the chemical reactivity of NCs is largely unexplored. Here, we report on the synthesis of self-assembled Ag2Cl2(dppe)2 clusters through the ligand-exchange-induced transformation of [Pt2Ag23Cl7(PPh3)10] NCs [(dppe): 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane; (PPh3): triphenylphosphine]. The single crystal x-ray structure reveals that two Ag atoms are bridged by one dppe and two Cl ligands, forming a Ag2Cl2(dppe) cluster, which is subsequently self-assembled through dppe ligands to form [Ag2Cl2(dppe)2]n. Importantly, the Ag2Cl2(dppe)2 cluster assembly exhibits high photoluminescence quantum yield: ∼18%, which is attributed to the metallophilic interactions and rigidification of the ligand shell. We hope that this work will motivate the exploitation of the chemical reactivity of NCs as a new path to attain cluster assemblies endowed with enhanced photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megalamane S Bootharaju
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sanghwa Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Guocheng Deng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hogeun Chang
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Woonhyuk Baek
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea
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111
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Takano S, Hirai H, Nakashima T, Iwasa T, Taketsugu T, Tsukuda T. Photoluminescence of Doped Superatoms M@Au 12 (M = Ru, Rh, Ir) Homoleptically Capped by (Ph 2)PCH 2P(Ph 2): Efficient Room-Temperature Phosphorescence from Ru@Au 12. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10560-10564. [PMID: 34232036 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of doped gold superatoms M@Au12 (M = Ru, Rh, Ir) was synthesized by capping with the bidentate ligand (Ph2)PCH2P(Ph2). A single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis showed that all the M@Au12 superatoms had icosahedral motifs with a significantly higher symmetry than that of the pure Au13 counterpart due to different coordination geometries. The Ru@Au12 superatom exhibited a room-temperature phosphorescence with the highest quantum yield of 0.37 in deaerated dichloromethane. Density functional theory calculations suggested that the efficient phosphorescence is ascribed to a rapid intersystem crossing due to the similarity between the singlet and triplet excited states in terms of structure and energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinjiro Takano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Haru Hirai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakashima
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwasa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
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112
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Takano S, Tsukuda T. Atomically-ordered Trimetallic Superatoms M@Au 6Ag 6 (M = Pd, Pt): Synthesis and Photoluminescence Properties. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinjiro Takano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
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113
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Kawawaki T, Kataoka Y, Hirata M, Akinaga Y, Takahata R, Wakamatsu K, Fujiki Y, Kataoka M, Kikkawa S, Alotabi AS, Hossain S, Osborn DJ, Teranishi T, Andersson GG, Metha GF, Yamazoe S, Negishi Y. Creation of High‐Performance Heterogeneous Photocatalysts by Controlling Ligand Desorption and Particle Size of Gold Nanocluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tokuhisa Kawawaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science Tokyo University of Science Kagurazaka Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
- Photocatalysis International Research Center Tokyo University of Science 2641 Yamazaki Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
| | - Yuki Kataoka
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science Tokyo University of Science Kagurazaka Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Momoko Hirata
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science Tokyo University of Science Kagurazaka Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Yuki Akinaga
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science Tokyo University of Science Kagurazaka Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Ryo Takahata
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Gokasho Uji 611-0011 Japan
| | - Kosuke Wakamatsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science Tokyo University of Science Kagurazaka Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Yu Fujiki
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji-shi Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Miori Kataoka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji-shi Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Soichi Kikkawa
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji-shi Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Abdulrahman S. Alotabi
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Flinders University Adelaide South Australia 5042 Australia
| | - Sakiat Hossain
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science Tokyo University of Science Kagurazaka Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - D. J. Osborn
- Department of Chemistry University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | | | - Gunther G. Andersson
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Flinders University Adelaide South Australia 5042 Australia
| | - Gregory F. Metha
- Department of Chemistry University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Seiji Yamazoe
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji-shi Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Yuichi Negishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science Tokyo University of Science Kagurazaka Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
- Photocatalysis International Research Center Tokyo University of Science 2641 Yamazaki Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
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114
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López-Estrada O, Selenius E, Zuniga-Gutierrez B, Malola S, Häkkinen H. Cubic aromaticity in ligand-stabilized doped Au superatoms. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:204303. [PMID: 34241155 DOI: 10.1063/5.0050127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The magnetic response of valence electrons in doped gold-based M@Au8L8 q superatoms (M = Pd, Pt, Ag, Au, Cd, Hg, Ir, and Rh; L = PPh3; and q = 0, +1, +2) is studied by calculating the gauge including magnetically induced currents (GIMIC) in the framework of the auxiliary density functional theory. The studied systems include 24 different combinations of the dopant, total cluster charge, and cluster structure (cubic-like or oblate). The magnetically induced currents (both diatropic and paratropic) are shown to be sensitive to the atomic structure of clusters, the number of superatomic electrons, and the chemical nature of the dopant metal. Among the cubic-like structures, the strongest aromaticity is observed in Pd- and Pt-doped M@Au8L8 0 clusters. Interestingly, Pd- and Pt-doping increases the aromaticity as compared to a similar all-gold eight-electron system Au9L8 +1. With the recent implementation of the GIMIC in the deMon2k code, we investigated the aromaticity in the cubic and butterfly-like M@Au8 core structures, doped with a single M atom from periods 5 and 6 of groups IX-XII. Surprisingly, the doping with Pd and Pt in the cubic structure increases the aromaticity compared to the pure Au case not only near the central atom but encompassing the whole metallic core, following the aromatic trend Pd > Pt > Au. These doped (Pd, Pt)@Au8 nanoclusters show a closed shell 1S21P6 superatom electronic structure corresponding to the cubic aromaticity rule 6n + 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar López-Estrada
- Department of Physics, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Elli Selenius
- Department of Physics, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Bernardo Zuniga-Gutierrez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guadalajara, CUCEI, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, C. P. 44430 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Sami Malola
- Department of Physics, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Hannu Häkkinen
- Department of Physics, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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