101
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Sherbrook EM, Jung H, Cho D, Baik MH, Yoon TP. Brønsted acid catalysis of photosensitized cycloadditions. Chem Sci 2019; 11:856-861. [PMID: 34123063 PMCID: PMC8145945 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04822g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalysis is central to contemporary synthetic chemistry. There has been a recent recognition that the rates of photochemical reactions can be profoundly impacted by the use of Lewis acid catalysts and co-catalysts. Herein, we show that Brønsted acids can also modulate the reactivity of excited-state organic reactions. Brønsted acids dramatically increase the rate of Ru(bpy)3 2+-sensitized [2 + 2] photocycloadditions between C-cinnamoyl imidazoles and a range of electron-rich alkene reaction partners. A combination of experimental and computational studies supports a mechanism in which the Brønsted acid co-catalyst accelerates triplet energy transfer from the excited-state [Ru*(bpy)3]2+ chromophore to the Brønsted acid activated C-cinnamoyl imidazole. Computational evidence further suggests the importance of driving force as well as geometrical reorganization, in which the protonation of the imidazole decreases the reorganization penalty during the energy transfer event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan M Sherbrook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Hoimin Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 South Korea
| | - Dasol Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 South Korea
| | - My-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 South Korea
| | - Tehshik P Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
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102
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Affiliation(s)
- Tehshik P. Yoon
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
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103
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Kuang Y, Wang K, Shi X, Huang X, Meggers E, Wu J. Asymmetric Synthesis of 1,4‐Dicarbonyl Compounds from Aldehydes by Hydrogen Atom Transfer Photocatalysis and Chiral Lewis Acid Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Kuang
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Republic of Singapore
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Republic of Singapore
| | - Xiangcheng Shi
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Republic of Singapore
| | - Xiaoqiang Huang
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Republic of Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute No. 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
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104
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Kerzig C, Wenger OS. Reactivity control of a photocatalytic system by changing the light intensity. Chem Sci 2019; 10:11023-11029. [PMID: 32206254 PMCID: PMC7069242 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04584h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
By using simple optics such as a lens, switching between one- and two-photon driven reaction mechanisms became feasible, which allows the control over the main products of photochemical reactions.
We report a novel light-intensity dependent reactivity approach allowing us to selectively switch between triplet energy transfer and electron transfer reactions, or to regulate the redox potential available for challenging reductions. Simply by adjusting the light power density with an inexpensive lens while keeping all other parameters constant, we achieved control over one- and two-photon mechanisms, and successfully exploited our approach for lab-scale photoreactions using three substrate classes with excellent selectivities and good product yields. Specifically, our proof-of-concept study demonstrates that the irradiation intensity can be used to control (i) the available photoredox reactivity for reductive dehalogenations to selectively target either bromo- or chloro-substituted arenes, (ii) the photochemical cis–trans isomerization of olefins versus their photoreduction, and (iii) the competition between hydrogen atom abstraction and radical dimerization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kerzig
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland . ;
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland . ;
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105
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Kuang Y, Wang K, Shi X, Huang X, Meggers E, Wu J. Asymmetric Synthesis of 1,4-Dicarbonyl Compounds from Aldehydes by Hydrogen Atom Transfer Photocatalysis and Chiral Lewis Acid Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16859-16863. [PMID: 31538386 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Enantioenriched 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds are versatile synthons in natural product and pharmaceutical drug synthesis. We herein report a mild pathway for the efficient enantioselective synthesis of these compounds directly from aldehydes through synergistic cooperation between a neutral eosin Y hydrogen atom transfer photocatalyst and a chiral rhodium Lewis acid catalyst. This method is distinguished by its operational simplicity, abundant feedstocks, atom economy, and ability to generate products in high yields (up to 99 %) and high enantioselectivity (up to 99 % ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Kuang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xiangcheng Shi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xiaoqiang Huang
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, No. 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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106
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Busch J, Knoll DM, Zippel C, Bräse S, Bizzarri C. Metal-supported and -assisted stereoselective cooperative photoredox catalysis. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:15338-15357. [PMID: 31573576 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02094b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this perspective, we review those stereoselective photocatalytic reactions that use synergy between photoredox catalysts and transition metal catalysts. In particular, we highlight the orchestrated interaction between two and more metals which not only enhance the turnover numbers, but also lead to increased selectivities. Aspects of green chemistry and sustainable developments are included. In this review, C-C, C-O, C-N and C-S forming reactions are discussed and a perspective on future developments is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Busch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Daniel M Knoll
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Christoph Zippel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. and Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Claudia Bizzarri
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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107
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Parsutkar MM, Pagar VV, RajanBabu TV. Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclobutenes from Alkynes and Alkenyl Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:15367-15377. [PMID: 31476274 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Discovery of enantioselective catalytic reactions for the preparation of chiral compounds from readily available precursors, using scalable and environmentally benign chemistry, can greatly impact their design, synthesis, and eventually manufacture on scale. Functionalized cyclobutanes and cyclobutenes are important structural motifs seen in many bioactive natural products and pharmaceutically relevant small molecules. They are also useful precursors for other classes of organic compounds such as other cycloalkane derivatives, heterocyclic compounds, stereodefined 1,3-dienes, and ligands for catalytic asymmetric synthesis. The simplest approach to make cyclobutenes is through an enantioselective [2 + 2]-cycloaddition between an alkyne and an alkenyl derivative, a reaction which has a long history. Yet known reactions of this class that give acceptable enantioselectivities are of very narrow scope and are strictly limited to activated alkynes and highly reactive alkenes. Here, we disclose a broadly applicable enantioselective [2 + 2]-cycloaddition between wide variety of alkynes and alkenyl derivatives, two of the most abundant classes of organic precursors. The key cycloaddition reaction employs catalysts derived from readily synthesized ligands and an earth-abundant metal, cobalt. Over 50 different cyclobutenes with enantioselectivities in the range of 86-97% ee are documented. With the diverse functional groups present in these compounds, further diastereoselective transformations are easily envisaged for synthesis of highly functionalized cyclobutanes and cyclobutenes. Some of the novel observations made during these studies including a key role of a cationic Co(I)-intermediate, ligand and counterion effects on the reactions, can be expected to have broad implications in homogeneous catalysis beyond the highly valuable synthetic intermediates that are accessible by this route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh M Parsutkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Vinayak Vishnu Pagar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - T V RajanBabu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
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108
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Whyte A, Mirabi B, Torelli A, Prieto L, Bajohr J, Lautens M. Asymmetric Synthesis of Boryl-Functionalized Cyclobutanols. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Whyte
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Bijan Mirabi
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Alexa Torelli
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Liher Prieto
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Organic Chemistry II, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jonathan Bajohr
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mark Lautens
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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