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Giannuzzi G, D'Addabbo P, Gasparro M, Martinelli M, Carelli FN, Antonacci D, Ventura M. Analysis of high-identity segmental duplications in the grapevine genome. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:436. [PMID: 21871077 PMCID: PMC3179966 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Segmental duplications (SDs) are blocks of genomic sequence of 1-200 kb that map to different loci in a genome and share a sequence identity > 90%. SDs show at the sequence level the same characteristics as other regions of the human genome: they contain both high-copy repeats and gene sequences. SDs play an important role in genome plasticity by creating new genes and modeling genome structure. Although data is plentiful for mammals, not much was known about the representation of SDs in plant genomes. In this regard, we performed a genome-wide analysis of high-identity SDs on the sequenced grapevine (Vitis vinifera) genome (PN40024). Results We demonstrate that recent SDs (> 94% identity and >= 10 kb in size) are a relevant component of the grapevine genome (85 Mb, 17% of the genome sequence). We detected mitochondrial and plastid DNA and genes (10% of gene annotation) in segmentally duplicated regions of the nuclear genome. In particular, the nine highest copy number genes have a copy in either or both organelle genomes. Further we showed that several duplicated genes take part in the biosynthesis of compounds involved in plant response to environmental stress. Conclusions These data show the great influence of SDs and organelle DNA transfers in modeling the Vitis vinifera nuclear DNA structure as well as the impact of SDs in contributing to the adaptive capacity of grapevine and the nutritional content of grape products through genome variation. This study represents a step forward in the full characterization of duplicated genes important for grapevine cultural needs and human health.
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Ramful D, Tarnus E, Aruoma OI, Bourdon E, Bahorun T. Polyphenol composition, vitamin C content and antioxidant capacity of Mauritian citrus fruit pulps. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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103
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Screening of representative cider yeasts and bacteria for volatile phenol-production ability. Food Microbiol 2011; 28:1243-51. [PMID: 21839372 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Representative cider microorganisms (47 yeast strains and 16 bacterial strains) were studied for their ability to produce volatile phenols in a synthetic medium simulating cider conditions and supplemented with the necessary precursors. The various strains were tested for cinnamoyl esterase activity and only Lactobacillus collinoides were able to hydrolyse chlorogenic acid. Phenolic acid decarboxylase (PAD) activities were observed for 6 yeasts and 4 bacterial species allowing them to produce vinylphenols from hydroxycinnamic acids. On the other hand, 4 bacterial species exhibited phenolic acid reductase (PAR) activities leading to the formation of hydroxyphenylpropionic acids. Brettanomyces/Dekkera anomala and L. collinoides were able to produce 4-ethylcatechol (4-EC) and 4-ethylphenol (4-EP) from caffeic and p-coumaric acid, respectively, indicating that both species exhibit PAD and vinylphenol reductase (VPR) activities. In the experimental conditions used, the production of ethylphenols by L. collinoides was faster than the one observed for D. anomala.
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104
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Raczkowska J, Mielcarz G, Howard A, Raczkowski M. UPLC and Spectrophotometric Analysis of Polyphenols in Wines Available in the Polish Market. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10942910903256964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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105
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Abstract
In contrast to the intact wine, cardiovascular effects of the thermally treated wine have not been studied, despite widespread habits of cooking with wine and consumption of mulled wine. Vasodilatory effects of the red wine heated at 75 and 125°C were examined in the isolated rat and guinea pig aorta and compared with the intact and wine dealcoholized without thermal stress. Samples were analyzed for their phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, resveratrol and ethanol contents. Heating-induced degradation of individual phenolic fraction was observed only in the samples treated at 125°C, although total phenolic concentration and related antioxidant activity increased in the thermally treated samples due to the reduction in their volume. All wine samples regardless of treatment caused similar maximal relaxation in both species, but the response was stronger in aortas from guinea pigs. At the lowest concentrations up to 1‰, dealcoholized wine produced vasodilation greater than that produced by intact wine and wines treated at 75 and 125°C, which showed similar vasodilating activity at all concentrations. Our results indicate that wine thermally treated under heating conditions applicable to the preparation of a mulled wine and cooking with wine largely retains vasodilatory activity in vitro despite significant heat-induced changes in its composition.
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DUQUE ANTONIOL, PINTO MARÍADELCARMEN, MACIAS PEDRO. LIPOXYGENASE INHIBITION BY RED WINE PHENOLICS COMPOUNDS. J Food Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2010.00401.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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107
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Ivanova V, Vojnoski B, Stefova M. Effect of winemaking treatment and wine aging on phenolic content in Vranec wines. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2011; 49:161-72. [PMID: 23572838 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-011-0279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds and colour stability of red wines produced from Vranec Vitis vinifera L. grape variety were investigated by means of different maceration times (3, 6 and 10 days), two doses of SO2 (30 and 70 mg/L SO2), two yeasts for fermentation (Vinalco and Levuline), temperature of storage and time of aging (3, 6 and 16 months). In general, maceration time influenced the phenolics extraction from the grapes into the wine. Highest concentrations of phenolic components were observed in the wines produced with 6 days of maceration, except for the flavan-3-ols which were present in highest amounts in the wines macerated for 10 days. Higher doses of SO2 increased the extraction of polyphenols, preventing the wines from oxidation, while the effect of yeast on phenolics extraction was not significant. Wine aging affected the phenolic content of wines produced with 3 days of maceration and caused intensive decrease of anthocyanins during the storage period. Wines aged at higher temperature showed lower anthocyanin levels and less intense coloration. Principal component analysis revealed that separation of the wines was performed according to the hue value in correlation with the maceration time and time of wine aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Ivanova
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Sts Cyril and Methodius University, Arhimedova 5, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia ; Department for Enology, Institute of Agriculture, Sts Cyril and Methodius University, Aleksandar Makedonski bb, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
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108
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Lu M, Yuan B, Zeng M, Chen J. Antioxidant capacity and major phenolic compounds of spices commonly consumed in China. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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109
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Ivanova V, Dörnyei Á, Márk L, Vojnoski B, Stafilov T, Stefova M, Kilár F. Polyphenolic content of Vranec wines produced by different vinification conditions. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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110
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MASUDA H, MORI N, HIROOKA S, MATSUI Y, TSUKIYAMA M, WATANABE Y, NADAMOTO T. Effects of Winter Savory (Satureja montana L.) on Peripheral Body Temperature of People Who Experience a 'Feeling of Cold' (Hie-Sho). FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.17.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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111
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Rodrigo R, Miranda A, Vergara L. Modulation of endogenous antioxidant system by wine polyphenols in human disease. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 412:410-24. [PMID: 21130758 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies indicate that moderate red wine consumption is associated with a protective effect against all-cause mortality. Since oxidative stress constitutes a unifying mechanism of injury of many types of disease processes, it should be expected that polyphenolic antioxidants account for this beneficial effect. Nevertheless, beyond the well-known antioxidant properties of these compounds, they may exert several other protective mechanisms. Indeed, the overall protective effect of polyphenols is due to their large array of biological actions, such as free radical-scavenging, metal chelation, enzyme modulation, cell signalling pathways modulation and gene expression effects, among others. Wine possesses a variety of polyphenols, being resveratrol its most outstanding representative, due to its pleiotropic biological properties. The presence of ethanol in wine aids to polyphenol absorption, thereby contributing to their bioavailability. Before absorption, polyphenols must be hydrolyzed by intestinal enzymes or by colonic microflora. Then, they undergo intestinal and liver metabolism. There have been no reported polyphenol adverse effects derived from intakes currently associated with the normal diet. However, supplements for health-protection should be cautiously used as no level definition has been given to make sure the dose is safe. The role of oxidative stress and the beneficial effects of wine polyphenols against cardiovascular, cancer, diabetes, microbial, inflammatory, neurodegenerative and kidney diseases and ageing are reviewed. Future large scale randomized clinical trials should be conducted to fully establish the therapeutic use of each individual wine polyphenol against human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Rodrigo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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112
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da Silva I, Díaz JG, González-platas J. Structure determination of monohydrated trifolin (kaempferol 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside) from laboratory powder diffraction data. J Pharm Sci 2010; 100:1588-93. [PMID: 24081478 DOI: 10.1002/jps.22379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of monohydrated trifolin (kaempferol 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside) (an important biologically active compound, which was isolated from the aerial part of Consolida oliveriana) has been determined from conventional laboratory X-ray powder diffraction data. Variable counting time technique was used during measurement and crystal structure was solved by means of Monte Carlo algorithm. The final structure was achieved by Rietveld refinement using both constraints and restraints on interatomic bond lengths and angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván da Silva
- SpLine Spanish CRG Beamline at the ESRF. 6, Rue Jules Horowitz, BP 220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 09, France; Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid-ICMM/CSIC, Cantoblanco Madrid 28049, Spain.
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113
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Rius C, Abu-Taha M, Hermenegildo C, Piqueras L, Cerda-Nicolas JM, Issekutz AC, Estañ L, Cortijo J, Morcillo EJ, Orallo F, Sanz MJ. Trans- but Not Cis-Resveratrol Impairs Angiotensin-II–Mediated Vascular Inflammation through Inhibition of NF-κB Activation and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Upregulation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:3718-27. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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114
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Liazid A, Barbero GF, Palma M, Brigui J, Barroso CG. Rapid Determination of Simple Polyphenols in Grapes by LC Using a Monolithic Column. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1678-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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115
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Electrochemical behaviour and antioxidant capacity of anthocyanins from Chilean red wine, grape and raspberry. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.11.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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116
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Burin VM, Falcão LD, Chaves ES, Gris EF, Preti LF, Bordignon-Luiz MT. Phenolic composition, colour, antioxidant activity and mineral profile of Cabernet Sauvignon wines. Int J Food Sci Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2010.02296.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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117
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Caro A, Cacciotto A, Fenu P, Piga A. Polyphenols, colour and antioxidant activity changes in four Italian red wines during storage. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2010. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.39.2010.2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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118
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Pimentel FA, Nitzke JA, Klipel CB, Jong EVD. Chocolate and red wine – A comparison between flavonoids content. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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119
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120
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Belluti F, Fontana G, Dal Bo L, Carenini N, Giommarelli C, Zunino F. Design, synthesis and anticancer activities of stilbene-coumarin hybrid compounds: Identification of novel proapoptotic agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:3543-50. [PMID: 20409723 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Revised: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The naturally occurring coumarins and resveratrol, attract great attention due to their wide range of biological properties, including anticancer, antileukemic, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities; moreover, their cancer chemopreventive property have been recently emphasized. A novel class of hybrid compounds, obtained by introducing a substituted trans-vinylbenzene moiety on a coumarin backbone, was synthesized and evaluated for the antitumor profile. A number of derivatives showed a good antiproliferative activity, in some cases higher to that of the reference compound resveratrol. The most promising compounds in this series were 14 and 17, endowed with excellent antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities. The present study suggests that the 7-methoxycoumarin nucleus, together with the 3,5-disubstitution pattern of the trans-vinylbenzene moiety, are likely promising structural features to obtain excellent antitumor compounds endowed with a apoptosis-inducing capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Belluti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Belmeloro, 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
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121
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Schini-Kerth VB, Auger C, Kim JH, Etienne-Selloum N, Chataigneau T. Nutritional improvement of the endothelial control of vascular tone by polyphenols: role of NO and EDHF. Pflugers Arch 2010; 459:853-62. [PMID: 20224869 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-010-0806-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Revised: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies indicate that regular intake of polyphenol-rich beverages (red wine and tea) and foods (chocolate, fruit, and vegetables) is associated with a protective effect on the cardiovascular system in humans and animals. Beyond the well-known antioxidant properties of polyphenols, several other mechanisms have been shown to contribute to their beneficial cardiovascular effects. Indeed, both experimental and clinical studies indicate that polyphenols improve the ability of endothelial cells to control vascular tone. Experiments with isolated arteries have shown that polyphenols cause nitric oxide (NO)-mediated endothelium-dependent relaxations and increase the endothelial formation of NO. The polyphenol-induced NO formation is due to the redox-sensitive activation of the phosphatidylinositol3-kinase/Akt pathway leading to endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) activation subsequent to its phosphorylation on Ser 1177. Besides the phosphatidylinositol3-kinase/Akt pathway, polyphenols have also been shown to activate eNOS by increasing the intracellular free calcium concentration and by activating estrogen receptors in endothelial cells. In addition to causing a rapid and sustained activation of eNOS by phosphorylation, polyphenols can increase the expression level of eNOS in endothelial cells leading to an increased formation of NO. Moreover, the polyphenol-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation also involves endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor, besides NO, in several types of arteries. Altogether, polyphenols have the capacity to improve the endothelial control of vascular tone not only in several experimental models of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension but also in healthy and diseased humans. Thus, these experimental and clinical studies highlight the potential of polyphenol-rich sources to provide vascular protection in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie B Schini-Kerth
- UMR CNRS 7213, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch, France.
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122
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Sun J, Yue YD, Tang F, Guo XF. Coumarins from the leaves of Bambusa pervariabilis McClure. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2010; 12:248-251. [PMID: 20390773 DOI: 10.1080/10286020903578658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A new pyrone-coumarin, 7,8-dihydroxy-3-(3-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-pyran-2-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one (1), along with two known coumarins, scopoletin (2) and scopolin (3), was isolated from the 95% EtOH extract of the leaves of Bambusa pervariabilis McClure. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic techniques and chemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Sun
- State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
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123
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Ramful D, Bahorun T, Bourdon E, Tarnus E, Aruoma OI. Bioactive phenolics and antioxidant propensity of flavedo extracts of Mauritian citrus fruits: potential prophylactic ingredients for functional foods application. Toxicology 2010; 278:75-87. [PMID: 20100535 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2010.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Revised: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The flavedo extracts of twenty-one varieties of citrus fruits (oranges, satsumah, clementine, mandarins, tangor, bergamot, lemon, tangelos, kumquat, calamondin and pamplemousses) grown in Mauritius were examined for their total phenolic, flavonoid and vitamin C contents and antioxidant activities. Total phenolics correlated strongly with the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ferric reducing antioxidant capacity (FRAP) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) scavenging activity assays (r > 0.85). Based on their antioxidant activities in these three assays nine citrus fruits namely, one orange, clementine, tangor and pamplemousse variety, two tangelo varieties and three mandarin varieties, were further characterized for their flavanone, flavonol and flavone levels by HPLC and their antioxidant activities were assessed by the copper-phenanthroline and iron chelation assays. The flavanone, hesperidin, was present at the highest concentrations in all flavedo extracts except for pamplemousses where it was not detected. Contents in hesperidin ranged from 83 ± 0.06 to 234 ± 1.73 mg/g FW. Poncirin, didymin, diosmin, isorhoifolin and narirutin were also present in all extracts whereas naringin was present only in one mandarin variety. The nine flavedo extracts exhibited good DNA protecting ability in the cuphen assay with IC₅₀ values ranging from 6.3 ± 0.46 to 23.0 ± 0.48 mg FW/mL. Essentially the flavedos were able to chelate metal ions however, tangor was most effective with an IC₅₀ value of 9.1 ± 0.08 mg FW/mL. The flavedo extracts of citrus fruits represent a significant source of phenolic antioxidants with potential prophylactic properties for the development of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deena Ramful
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
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124
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Nizamutdinova IT, Jin YC, Chung JI, Shin SC, Lee SJ, Seo HG, Lee JH, Chang KC, Kim HJ. The anti-diabetic effect of anthocyanins in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats through glucose transporter 4 regulation and prevention of insulin resistance and pancreatic apoptosis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 53:1419-29. [PMID: 19785000 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200800526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia, abnormal lipid and antioxidant profiles are the most usual complications in diabetes mellitus. Thus, in this study, we investigated the anti-diabetic and anti-oxidative effects of anthocyanins (ANT) from black soybean seed coats in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The administration of ANT markedly decreased glucose levels and improved heart hemodynamic function (left ventricular end diastolic pressure, +/-dp/dt parameters). ANT not only enhanced STZ-mediated insulin level decreases, but also decreased the triglyceride levels induced by STZ injection in serum. Diabetic rats exhibited a lower expression of glucose transporter 4 proteins in the membrane fractions of heart and skeletal muscle tissues, which was enhanced by ANT. In addition, ANT activated insulin receptor phosphorylation, suggesting an increased utilization of glucose by tissues. Moreover, ANT protected pancreatic tissue from STZ-induced apoptosis through regulation of caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 proteins. Furthermore, ANT significantly suppressed malondialdehyde levels and restored superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in diabetic rats. Interestingly, the observed effects of ANT were superior to those of glibenclamide. Taken together, ANT from black soybean seed coat have anti-diabetic effects that are due, in part, to the regulation of glucose transporter 4 and prevention of insulin resistance and pancreatic apoptosis, suggesting a possible use as a drug to regulate diabetes.
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125
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Schini-Kerth VB, Auger C, Etienne-Selloum N, Chataigneau T. Polyphenol-induced endothelium-dependent relaxations role of NO and EDHF. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2010; 60:133-75. [PMID: 21081218 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385061-4.00006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet has been associated with greater longevity and quality of life in epidemiological studies. Indeed, because of the abundance of fruits and vegetables and a moderate consumption of wine, the Mediterranean diet provides high amounts of polyphenols thought to be essential bioactive compounds that might provide health benefits in terms of cardiovascular diseases and mortality. Several polyphenol-rich sources, such as grape-derived products, cocoa, and tea, have been shown to decrease mean blood pressure in patients with hypertension. The improvement of the endothelial function is likely to be one of the mechanisms by which polyphenols may confer cardiovascular protection. Indeed, polyphenols are able to induce nitric oxide (NO)-mediated endothelium-dependent relaxations in a large number of arteries including the coronary artery; they can also induce endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)-mediated relaxations in some of these arteries. Altogether, these mechanisms might contribute to explain the antihypertensive and cardio-protective effects of polyphenols in vivo. The aim of this review was to provide a nonexhaustive analysis of the effect of several polyphenol-rich sources and isolated compounds on the endothelium in in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models as well as in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie B Schini-Kerth
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
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126
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Determination of the polyphenol contents in Macedonian grapes and wines by standardized spectrophotometric methods. JOURNAL OF THE SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2010. [DOI: 10.2298/jsc1001045i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Wines and grapes contain a large array of phenolic compounds belonging to non-flavonoids and flavonoids. This study evaluates the polyphenolic contents of six commercial red and white Macedonian wines and four grape varieties. Spectrophotometric methods were applied for the determination of the total phenolics, the total flavonoids, the total anthocyanins and the total catechins. The efficiency of acetone/water (80/20) and methanol/water (80/20) solutions for the extraction of polyphenols from grape pulp, seeds and skins were compared. The best extraction efficiency was achieved using acetone/ water. The obtained results showed that Macedonian grapes are rich in polyphenols, whereby the highest concentration of total phenolics was found for Vranec grapes. The analyzed wines contained high contents of polyphenol; the highest contents were found for Disan wine produced from the Vranec variety of grapes (1515 mg/L total phenolics, 1103 mg/L total flavonoids, 237 mg/L total anthocyanins and 845 mg/L total catechins). Principal component analysis was employed to check possible groupings of the studied red and white wine samples. A clear separation of white wines from red ones was observed.
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127
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Fraternale D, Giamperi L, Bucchini A, Sestili P, Paolillo M, Ricci D. Prunus spinosa Fresh Fruit Juice: Antioxidant Activity in Cell-free and Cellular Systems. Nat Prod Commun 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0900401211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant activity was assessed of fresh juice from Prunus spinosa L. fruit (Rosaceae) growing wild in Urbino (central Italy) by using different cell-free in vitro analytical methods: 5-lipoxygenase test, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Trolox was used as the reference antioxidant compound. In the 5-lipoxygenase and DPPH tests the fresh fruit juice of P. spinosa showed good antioxidant activity when compared with Trolox, while the ORAC value was 36.0 μmol eq. Trolox /g of fruit. These values are in accord with data reported in the literature for small fruits such as Vaccinium, Rubus and Ribes. The antioxidant capacity in cell-free systems of P. spinosa juice has been compared with its cytoprotective – bona fide antioxidant activity in cultured human promonocytes (U937 cells) exposed to hydrogen peroxide. The antioxidant activity of red berries has been correlated with their anthocyanin content. The results of this study indicate that the three most representative anthocyanins in P.spinosa fruit juice (cyanidin-3-rutinoside, peonidin-3-rutinoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside) are likely to play an important role in its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Fraternale
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Uomo, dell'Ambiente e della Natura – Sez. Biologia Vegetale Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo “, Via Bramante, 28 – 61029, Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Laura Giamperi
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Uomo, dell'Ambiente e della Natura – Sez. Biologia Vegetale Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo “, Via Bramante, 28 – 61029, Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Anahi Bucchini
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Uomo, dell'Ambiente e della Natura – Sez. Biologia Vegetale Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo “, Via Bramante, 28 – 61029, Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Piero Sestili
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari – Sez. Scienze Motorie e della Salute Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Via i Maggetti 26, Loc. Sasso, – 61029, Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Marco Paolillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari – Sez. Scienze Motorie e della Salute Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Via i Maggetti 26, Loc. Sasso, – 61029, Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Donata Ricci
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Uomo, dell'Ambiente e della Natura – Sez. Biologia Vegetale Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo “, Via Bramante, 28 – 61029, Urbino (PU), Italy
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Kallithraka S, Aliaj L, Makris DP, Kefalas P. Anthocyanin profiles of major red grape (Vitis viniferaL.) varieties cultivated in Greece and their relationship within vitroantioxidant characteristics. Int J Food Sci Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2008.01869.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nizamutdinova IT, Kim YM, Chung JI, Shin SC, Jeong YK, Seo HG, Lee JH, Chang KC, Kim HJ. Anthocyanins from black soybean seed coats stimulate wound healing in fibroblasts and keratinocytes and prevent inflammation in endothelial cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:2806-12. [PMID: 19733615 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Revised: 08/05/2009] [Accepted: 08/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex process that includes inflammation, tissue formation, and remodeling. While wound healing is accompanied by inflammatory reactions, chronic inflammation impairs acute wound healing. In this study, we investigated whether anthocyanins from black soybean seed coats could stimulate wound healing while preventing excessive inflammation. At 24h of treatment with anthocyanins, fibroblasts showed a significant increase in migration at 100 microg/mL whereas the migration of keratinocytes increased significantly at 50 and 100 microg/mL compared to control. Treatment of anthocyanins for 48 h significantly stimulated the migration of both human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes at 50 and 100 microg/mL concentrations. Treatment of cells with anthocyanins stimulated wound-induced VEGF production in fibroblasts and keratinocytes. However, anthocyanins inhibited ROS accumulation and VEGF production in TNF-alpha-stimulated endothelial cells. Furthermore, treatment of anthocyanins reduced, in a dose-dependent manner, the adhesion of inflammatory monocytes to endothelial cells. Anthocyanins also blocked both the translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) p65 into the nucleus and the phosphorylation of the inhibitory factor kappaBalpha (IkappaBalpha). Thus, treatment with anthocyanins from black soybean seed coats may be a potential therapeutic strategy to promote wound healing and to prevent inflammation in a persistent inflammatory condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Tsoy Nizamutdinova
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang Nat'l University, Republic of Korea
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de Quirós ARB, Lage-Yusty M, López-Hernández J. HPLC-analysis of polyphenolic compounds in Spanish white wines and determination of their antioxidant activity by radical scavenging assay. Food Res Int 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2009.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractBackgroundThe Mediterranean diet has long been related to a lower cardiovascular disease risk; however, more recent evidences also indicate that it has a favourable effect on adiposity and type 2 diabetes.DesignReview of the available literature in relation to Mediterranean diet and metabolic syndrome.ResultsSeveral components of Mediterranean diet patterns have been inversely related with body mass index. They are considered to be modulators of insulin resistance, can exert beneficial effects on blood pressure, improve atherogenic dyslipidemia or attenuate the inflammatory burden associated with metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome has been associated with dietary patterns rich in fruits and vegetables, nuts, olive oil, legumes and fish, moderate in alcohol and low in red meat, processed meat, refined carbohydrates and whole-fat dairy products.ConclusionsThere is much evidence suggesting that the Mediterranean diet could serve as an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern, which could help to fight diseases related to chronic inflammation, including metabolic syndrome.
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132
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Schmitt CA, Dirsch VM. Modulation of endothelial nitric oxide by plant-derived products. Nitric Oxide 2009; 21:77-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2009.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Revised: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Nizamutdinova IT, Kim YM, Chung JI, Shin SC, Jeong YK, Seo HG, Lee JH, Chang KC, Kim HJ. Anthocyanins from black soybean seed coats preferentially inhibit TNF-alpha-mediated induction of VCAM-1 over ICAM-1 through the regulation of GATAs and IRF-1. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:7324-30. [PMID: 19627149 DOI: 10.1021/jf900856z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion molecules have a key role in pathological inflammation. Thus, we investigated the effect of anthocyanins on the induction of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) by TNF-alpha and the possible molecular mechanisms by which anthocyanins differentially regulate ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression. Stimulation of cells with TNF-alpha increased ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression, and pretreatment with anthocyanins inhibited VCAM-1 expression, but not ICAM-1 expression. We found that IRF-1 and GATAs, especially GATA-4 and -6, were involved in the TNF-alpha-mediated expression of VCAM-1 but not ICAM-1, and anthocyanins decreased nuclear levels of GATA-4 and GATA-6 as well as IRF-1. Moreover, pretreatment with a Jak/STAT inhibitor decreased TNF-alpha-induced VCAM-1 expression and nuclear GATA-4, GATA-6, and IRF-1 levels. Furthermore, anthocyanins efficiently inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT-3. This suggests that anthocyanins differentially regulate TNF-alpha-mediated expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 through modulation of the GATA and IRF-1 binding activity via Jak/STAT-3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Tsoy Nizamutdinova
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
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Vlase L, Kiss B, Leucuta SE, Gocan S. A Rapid Method for Determination of Resveratrol in Wines by HPLC-MS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070903126989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurian Vlase
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics , Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bela Kiss
- b Department of Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sorin E. Leucuta
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics , Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simion Gocan
- c Analytical Chemistry Department , Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, “Babes-Bolyai” University , Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Effect of principal polyphenolic components in relation to antioxidant activity in conventional and organic red wines during storage. Eur Food Res Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-009-1117-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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137
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Toyokuni S, Tanaka T, Kawaguchi W, Fang NRL, Ozeki M, Akatsuka S, Hiai H, Aruoma OI, Bahorun T. Effects of the Phenolic Contents of Mauritian Endemic Plant Extracts on Promoter Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes. Free Radic Res 2009; 37:1215-24. [PMID: 14703734 DOI: 10.1080/10715760310001598150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been associated with a variety of pathologic conditions in humans. Increasing the transcriptional activities of antioxidant enzymes might be a strategy to prevent oxidative stress-associated diseases such as atherosclerosis and cancer. In the present paper, we studied the effects of extracts from 12 Mauritian endemic plants on the promoter activities of antioxidant enzymes; Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), catalase, and glutathione dismutase (GPx). The levels of total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins were measured. Four luciferase expression vectors (pGL3-Basic) with promoter region of each enzyme were constructed, transfected to COS7 cells followed by an exposure to each extract (25 microg/ml, 24h, non-toxic dose). Thereafter, luciferase activities were evaluated in comparison with a control luciferase vector with a herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase promoter. Mauritian endemic plants contained high amounts of total phenols, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins. Total phenols and flavonoids were proportionally associated with Cu,Zn-SOD promoter activity, whereas they were inversely correlated with catalase promoter activity. These results suggest that the chemopreventive potentials of the extracts might reside in their abilities to modulate the expression of the antioxidant enzyme genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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Elemental analysis of brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) extracts by neutron activation and its bioassay for antioxidant, radio protective and anti-lipid peroxidation activity. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-009-0081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Brown L, Kroon PA, Das DK, Das S, Tosaki A, Chan V, Singer MV, Feick P. The biological responses to resveratrol and other polyphenols from alcoholic beverages. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2009; 33:1513-23. [PMID: 19519720 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.00989.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although excessive consumption of ethanol in alcoholic beverages causes multi-organ damage, moderate consumption, particularly of red wine, is protective against all-cause mortality. These protective effects could be due to one or many components of the complex mixture of bioactive compounds present in red wine including flavonols, monomeric and polymeric flavan-3-ols, highly colored anthocyanins as well as phenolic acids and the stilbene polyphenol, resveratrol. The therapeutic potential of resveratrol, firstly in cancer chemoprevention and then later for cardioprotection, has stimulated many studies on the possible mechanisms of action. Further indications for resveratrol have been developed, including the prevention of age-related disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. These improvements are remarkably similar yet there is an important dichotomy: low doses improve cell survival as in cardio- and neuro-protection yet high doses increase cell death as in cancer treatment. Fewer studies have examined the responses to other components of red wine, but the results have, in general, been similar to resveratrol. If the nonalcoholic constitutents of red wine are to become therapeutic agents, their ability to get to the sites of action needs to be understood. This mini-review summarizes recent studies on the possible mechanisms of action, potential therapeutic uses, and bioavailability of the nonalcoholic constituents of alcoholic beverages, in particular resveratrol and other polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Brown
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Simion Gocan
- a Babes-Bolyai University , Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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141
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Crozier A, Jaganath IB, Clifford MN. Dietary phenolics: chemistry, bioavailability and effects on health. Nat Prod Rep 2009; 26:1001-43. [PMID: 19636448 DOI: 10.1039/b802662a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1169] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is much epidemiological evidence that diets rich in fruit and vegetables can reduce the incidence of non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and stroke. These protective effects are attributed, in part, to phenolic secondary metabolites. This review summarizes the chemistry, biosynthesis and occurrence of the compounds involved, namely the C6-C3-C6 flavonoids-anthocyanins, dihydrochalcones, flavan-3-ols, flavanones, flavones, flavonols and isoflavones. It also includes tannins, phenolic acids, hydroxycinnamates and stilbenes and the transformation of plant phenols associated with food processing (for example, production of black tea, roasted coffee and matured wines), these latter often being the major dietary sources. Events that occur following ingestion are discussed, in particular, the deglycosylation, glucuronidation, sulfation and methylation steps that occur at various points during passage through the wall of the small intestine into the circulatory system and subsequent transport to the liver in the portal vein.We also summarise the fate of compounds that are not absorbed in the small intestine, but which pass into the large intestine where they are degraded by the colonic microflora to phenolic acids, which can be absorbed into the circulatory system and subjected to phase II metabolism prior to excretion. Initially, the protective effect of dietary phenolics was thought to be due to their antioxidant properties which resulted in a lowering of the levels of free radicals within the body.However, there is now emerging evidence that themetabolites of dietary phenolics,which appear in the circulatory systemin nmol/L to low mmol/L concentrations, exertmodulatory effects in cells through selective actions on different components of the intracellular signalling cascades vital for cellular functions such as growth, proliferation and apoptosis. In addition, the intracellular concentrations required to affect cell signalling pathways are considerably lower than those required to impact on antioxidant capacity. The mechanisms underlying these processes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Crozier
- Graham Kerr Building, Division of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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Comino C, Hehn A, Moglia A, Menin B, Bourgaud F, Lanteri S, Portis E. The isolation and mapping of a novel hydroxycinnamoyltransferase in the globe artichoke chlorogenic acid pathway. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2009; 9:30. [PMID: 19292932 PMCID: PMC2664813 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-9-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The leaves of globe artichoke and cultivated cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) have significant pharmaceutical properties, which mainly result from their high content of polyphenolic compounds such as monocaffeoylquinic and dicaffeoylquinic acid (DCQ), and a range of flavonoid compounds. RESULTS Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:quinate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HQT) encoding genes have been isolated from both globe artichoke and cultivated cardoon (GenBank accessions DQ915589 and DQ915590, respectively) using CODEHOP and PCR-RACE. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that their sequences belong to one of the major acyltransferase groups (anthranilate N-hydroxycinnamoyl/benzoyltransferase). The heterologous expression of globe artichoke HQT in E. coli showed that this enzyme can catalyze the esterification of quinic acid with caffeoyl-CoA or p-coumaroyl-CoA to generate, respectively, chlorogenic acid (CGA) and p-coumaroyl quinate. Real time PCR experiments demonstrated an increase in the expression level of HQT in UV-C treated leaves, and established a correlation between the synthesis of phenolic acids and protection against damage due to abiotic stress. The HQT gene, together with a gene encoding hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT) previously isolated from globe artichoke, have been incorporated within the developing globe artichoke linkage maps. CONCLUSION A novel acyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of CGA in globe artichoke has been isolated, characterized and mapped. This is a good basis for our effort to understand the genetic basis of phenylpropanoid (PP) biosynthesis in C. cardunculus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Comino
- DiVaPRA Plant Genetics and Breeding, University of Torino 10095, Grugliasco (Torino), Italy
| | - Alain Hehn
- UMR 1121 Nancy Université (INPL)-INRA, Agronomie Environnement Nancy-Colmar 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Andrea Moglia
- DiVaPRA Plant Genetics and Breeding, University of Torino 10095, Grugliasco (Torino), Italy
| | - Barbara Menin
- DiVaPRA Plant Genetics and Breeding, University of Torino 10095, Grugliasco (Torino), Italy
| | - Frédéric Bourgaud
- UMR 1121 Nancy Université (INPL)-INRA, Agronomie Environnement Nancy-Colmar 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Sergio Lanteri
- DiVaPRA Plant Genetics and Breeding, University of Torino 10095, Grugliasco (Torino), Italy
| | - Ezio Portis
- DiVaPRA Plant Genetics and Breeding, University of Torino 10095, Grugliasco (Torino), Italy
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Alén-Ruiz F, García-Falcón M, Pérez-Lamela M, Martínez-Carballo E, Simal-Gándara J. Influence of major polyphenols on antioxidant activity in Mencía and Brancellao red wines. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Moderate consumption of red wine is associated with a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease. Red wine polyphenols (RWP) have been proposed to be beneficial, but there is lack of evidence concerning the cerebrovascular effects of RWP. We studied the effect of local administration of a RWP extract (10(-2) mg/mL) on the diameter of rat cerebral arterioles using an open cranial window technique in vivo. We measured cerebral arteriolar diameter and systemic blood pressure. Cerebral arterioles reacted concentration-dependently to adenosine diphosphate [ADP, dilatation EC50 5.3 x 10(-5) M (95% confidence interval: 3.1 to 9.0 x 10 M(-5))], NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester [L-NAME, constriction EC50 5.8 x 10(-9) M (95% CI: 2.5 x 10(-9) to 1.4 x 10(-8) M)]. and sodium nitroprusside [SNP, dilatation EC50 1.0 x 10(-6) M (95% CI: 9.2 x 10(-7) to 1.1 x 10(-6) M)]. RWP enhanced vasodilation induced by ADP (10(-4) M) from 17 +/- 2% to 29 +/- 4% and reversed L-NAME-induced vasoconstriction but did not affect SNP-induced vasodilation. Systemic hypotension induced by hemorrhage caused myogenic arteriolar dilation. RWP further dilated cerebral arterioles (from -1 +/- 2% to 8 +/- 3%) with 1 mL of blood withdrawn. In summary, RWP improved endothelium-dependent and pressure-induced vasodilation in rat cerebral arterioles. This could be beneficial in improving cerebral blood flow under ischemic condition.
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Guo XF, Yue YD, Tang F, Wang J, Yao X. Flavonoids from the leaves of Pleioblastus argenteastriatus. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2008; 10:903-907. [PMID: 18985505 DOI: 10.1080/10286020802181422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A new flavonoid, 5,7,3'-trihydroxy-6-C-beta-D-digitoxopyranosyl-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl flavonoside (1), along with four known flavonoids 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxy flavone (2), 5,3',4'-trihydroxy-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl flavonoside (3), 5,4'-dihydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxy-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl flavonoside (4), 5,3',4'-trihydroxy-6-C-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl flavonoside (5) were isolated from 95% EtOH extract of the leaves of Pleioblastus argenteastriatus. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic techniques and chemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Guo
- State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory, International Centre for Bamboo and Ratten, Beijing, China
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Rhayem Y, Thérond P, Camont L, Couturier M, Beaudeux JL, Legrand A, Jore D, Gardés-Albert M, Bonnefont-Rousselot D. Chain-breaking activity of resveratrol and piceatannol in a linoleate micellar model. Chem Phys Lipids 2008; 155:48-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2008.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2008] [Accepted: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Hooper L, Kroon PA, Rimm EB, Cohn JS, Harvey I, Le Cornu KA, Ryder JJ, Hall WL, Cassidy A. Flavonoids, flavonoid-rich foods, and cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 88:38-50. [PMID: 18614722 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/88.1.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 708] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The beneficial effects of flavonoid consumption on cardiovascular risk are supported by mechanistic and epidemiologic evidence. OBJECTIVE We aimed to systematically review the effectiveness of different flavonoid subclasses and flavonoid-rich food sources on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and risk factors--ie, lipoproteins, blood pressure, and flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). DESIGN Methods included a structured search strategy on MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases; formal inclusion or exclusion, data extraction, and validity assessment; and meta-analysis. RESULTS One hundred thirty-three trials were included. No randomized controlled trial studied effects on CVD morbidity or mortality. Significant heterogeneity confirmed differential effects between flavonoid subclasses and foods. Chocolate increased FMD after acute (3.99%; 95% CI: 2.86, 5.12; 6 studies) and chronic (1.45%; 0.62, 2.28; 2 studies) intake and reduced systolic (-5.88 mm Hg; -9.55, -2.21; 5 studies) and diastolic (-3.30 mm Hg; -5.77, -0.83; 4 studies) blood pressure. Soy protein isolate (but not other soy products or components) significantly reduced diastolic blood pressure (-1.99 mm Hg; -2.86, -1.12; 9 studies) and LDL cholesterol (-0.19 mmol/L; -0.24, -0.14; 39 studies). Acute black tea consumption increased systolic (5.69 mm Hg; 1.52, 9.86; 4 studies) and diastolic (2.56 mm Hg; 1.03, 4.10; 4 studies) blood pressure. Green tea reduced LDL (-0.23 mmol/L; -0.34, -0.12; 4 studies). For many of the other flavonoids, there was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions about efficacy. CONCLUSIONS To date, the effects of flavonoids from soy and cocoa have been the main focus of attention. Future studies should focus on other commonly consumed subclasses (eg, anthocyanins and flavanones), examine dose-response effects, and be of long enough duration to allow assessment of clinically relevant endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Hooper
- School of Medicine, Health Policy and Practice, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.
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