101
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Wang Y, Gösele U, Steinhart M. Mesoporous block copolymer nanorods by swelling-induced morphology reconstruction. NANO LETTERS 2008; 8:3548-3553. [PMID: 18763833 DOI: 10.1021/nl8022687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Engineering the topography of thin block copolymer (BCP) films by surface reconstruction associated with selective swelling of one of the blocks has been investigated intensively. Here we show that swelling-induced structural transitions in nanorods consisting of amphiphilic BCPs involve pronounced reshaping of the nonswollen glassy domains in the course of the transition from the equilibrium morphology of the molten BCP in cylindrical confinement to that of the BCP dissolved in the swelling agent. The reconstruction process can be quenched to retain intermediate nonequilibrium morphologies. The collapse of the swollen chains upon drying yields polymeric nanorods exhibiting complex nanoscopic architectures characterized by a variety of mesopore structures and surface topographies, including channels along the nanorods, bunches of partially interconnected strands, and strings of spheres. The complex BCP nanorods thus obtained can be used as soft templates for the rational arrangement of metal nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, D-6120 Halle, Germany.
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102
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Han Y, Cui J, Jiang W. Effect of Polydispersity on the Self-Assembly Structure of Diblock Copolymers under Various Confined States: A Monte Carlo Study. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma800702f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Jie Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
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103
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Feng J, Liu H, Hu Y, Jiang J. Flow‐Induced Morphologies of Diblock Copolymers in a Nanotube Studied by Dissipative Particle Dynamics Simulation. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.200800005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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104
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105
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Wang Z, Li B, Jin Q, Ding D, Shi AC. Self-Assembly of Cylinder-Forming ABA Triblock Copolymers under Cylindrical Confinement. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.200800010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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106
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Yu B, Jin Q, Ding D, Li B, Shi AC. Confinement-Induced Morphologies of Cylinder-Forming Asymmetric Diblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma702430v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yu
- College of Physics and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Qinghua Jin
- College of Physics and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Datong Ding
- College of Physics and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Baohui Li
- College of Physics and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - An-Chang Shi
- College of Physics and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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107
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Kim S, Lee J, Jeon SM, Lee HH, Char K, Sohn BH. Orientation of Lamellar Nanostructures in the Patterned Thin Films of a Diblock Copolymer. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma800584t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sehee Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Nano Science and Technology, NANO Systems Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea; and Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Jiyeon Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Nano Science and Technology, NANO Systems Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea; and Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Seung-Min Jeon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Nano Science and Technology, NANO Systems Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea; and Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Hong H. Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Nano Science and Technology, NANO Systems Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea; and Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Kookheon Char
- Interdisciplinary Program in Nano Science and Technology, NANO Systems Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea; and Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Byeong-Hyeok Sohn
- Interdisciplinary Program in Nano Science and Technology, NANO Systems Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea; and Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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108
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Rider DA, Chen JIL, Eloi JC, Arsenault AC, Russell TP, Ozin GA, Manners I. Controlling the Morphologies of Organometallic Block Copolymers in the 3-Dimensional Spatial Confinement of Colloidal and Inverse Colloidal Crystals. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma7020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Rider
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K., and Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Jennifer I. L. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K., and Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Jean-Charles Eloi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K., and Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - André C. Arsenault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K., and Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K., and Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Geoffrey A. Ozin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K., and Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K., and Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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109
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Feng J, Ruckenstein E. Self-assembling of hydrophobic-hydrophilic copolymers in hydrophobic nanocylindrical tubes: Formation of channels. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:074903. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2831510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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110
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Wang Z, Li B, Jin Q, Ding D, Shi AC. Simulated Annealing Study of Self-Assembly of Symmetric ABA Triblock Copolymers Confined in Cylindrical Nanopores. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.200700069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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111
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Chen P, Liang H. Cylinder-Forming Triblock Terpolymer in Nanopores: A Monte Carlo Simulation Study. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:1918-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jp072942x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China, and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojun Liang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China, and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
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112
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Chen SY, Huang Y, Tsiang RCC. Ozonolysis efficiency of PS-b-PI block copolymers for forming nanoporous polystyrene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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113
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Yu B, Sun P, Chen T, Jin Q, Ding D, Li B, Shi AC. Self-assembly of diblock copolymers confined in cylindrical nanopores. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:114906. [PMID: 17887879 DOI: 10.1063/1.2768920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembly of AB diblock copolymers confined in cylindrical nanopores is studied using a simulated annealing technique. The pore diameter and surface preference are systematically varied to examine their effects on the self-assembled morphologies and the chain conformations. For bulk lamella-forming and cylinder-forming diblock copolymers, novel structures such as helices and concentric (perforated) lamellae spontaneously form when the copolymers are confined in cylindrical pores. The observed equilibrium morphologies are compared with that obtained from experiments, theory, and other simulations. A simple model is proposed for symmetric diblock copolymers, which gives a reasonable description of the layer thickness for the concentric lamellae. It is found that chains near the pore surfaces are compressed relative to the bulk chains, which can be attributed to the existence of the surfaces. The dependence of the chain conformation on the degree of confinement and strength of the surface preference are reasonably explained. The energetics is discussed qualitatively and used to account for the appearance of the complex phase behavior observed for certain intermediate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yu
- College of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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114
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Yu B, Li B, Jin Q, Ding D, Shi AC. Self-Assembly of Symmetric Diblock Copolymers Confined in Spherical Nanopores. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma071624t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yu
- College of Physics and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Baohui Li
- College of Physics and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Qinghua Jin
- College of Physics and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Datong Ding
- College of Physics and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - An-Chang Shi
- College of Physics and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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115
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Xiao X, Huang Y, Liu H, Hu Y. Morphology Transition of Block Copolymers under Curved Confinement. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.200700041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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116
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117
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Chen H, Hung WS, Lo CH, Huang SH, Cheng ML, Liu G, Lee KR, Lai JY, Sun YM, Hu CC, Suzuki R, Ohdaira T, Oshima N, Jean YC. Free-Volume Depth Profile of Polymeric Membranes Studied by Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy: Layer Structure from Interfacial Polymerization. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma071493w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of MissouriKansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanya Institute of Technology, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, and National Institute of Advanced
| | - Wei-Song Hung
- Department of Chemistry, University of MissouriKansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanya Institute of Technology, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, and National Institute of Advanced
| | - Chia-Hao Lo
- Department of Chemistry, University of MissouriKansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanya Institute of Technology, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, and National Institute of Advanced
| | - Shu-Hsien Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of MissouriKansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanya Institute of Technology, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, and National Institute of Advanced
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of MissouriKansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanya Institute of Technology, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, and National Institute of Advanced
| | - Guang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of MissouriKansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanya Institute of Technology, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, and National Institute of Advanced
| | - Kueir-Rarn Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of MissouriKansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanya Institute of Technology, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, and National Institute of Advanced
| | - Juin-Yih Lai
- Department of Chemistry, University of MissouriKansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanya Institute of Technology, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, and National Institute of Advanced
| | - Yi-Ming Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of MissouriKansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanya Institute of Technology, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, and National Institute of Advanced
| | - Chien-Chieh Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of MissouriKansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanya Institute of Technology, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, and National Institute of Advanced
| | - R. Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, University of MissouriKansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanya Institute of Technology, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, and National Institute of Advanced
| | - T. Ohdaira
- Department of Chemistry, University of MissouriKansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanya Institute of Technology, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, and National Institute of Advanced
| | - N. Oshima
- Department of Chemistry, University of MissouriKansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanya Institute of Technology, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, and National Institute of Advanced
| | - Y. C. Jean
- Department of Chemistry, University of MissouriKansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanya Institute of Technology, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, and National Institute of Advanced
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118
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Chen P, Liang H, Shi AC. Origin of Microstructures from Confined Asymmetric Diblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0705164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China, and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojun Liang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China, and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - An-Chang Shi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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119
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Chen JT, Zhang M, Yang L, Collins M, Parks J, Avallone A, Russell TP. Templated nanostructured PS-b
-PEO nanotubes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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120
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Yu B, Sun P, Chen T, Jin Q, Ding D, Li B, Shi AC. Self-assembled morphologies of diblock copolymers confined in nanochannels: Effects of confinement geometry. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:204903. [PMID: 17552796 DOI: 10.1063/1.2735626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The self-assembly of diblock copolymers confined in channels of various shaped cross sections is studied using a simulated annealing technique with the "single-site bond fluctuation" model. In the bulk, the asymmetric diblock copolymers used in this study form hexagonally packed cylinders with period L0. The cross sections of the confining channels are of different shapes including regular triangles, rectangles, squares, regular hexagons, regular octagons, and ellipses. For a given geometry, the channel size (characterized by one or two lengths) is varied from very small to several times of L0. It is found that the geometry and size of the confining channels have a large effect on the structure and symmetry of the self-assembled morphologies. Multiple packed cylinders with the symmetry of the confining channels are the major morphologies for low-symmetry cross sections such as triangle, rectangle, and square. More complex structures such as helices or stacked toroids spontaneously form when the confining channels are shaped such as a regular hexagon, a regular octagon, or an ellipse. The domain spacing of the self-assembled structures can be altered by the shape and size of the confining channels. Our results are consistent with available experiments. These results indicate that the self-assembled structures of block copolymers can be manipulated by the shape of the confining channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yu
- College of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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121
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Wu H, Wang W, Yang H, Su Z. Crystallization and Orientation of Syndiotactic Polystyrene in Nanorods. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma070564o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
| | - Huixian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui Su
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
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122
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Gautier C, Lopez PJ, Livage J, Coradin T. Influence of poly-l-lysine on the biomimetic growth of silica tubes in confined media. J Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 309:44-8. [PMID: 17258760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2006] [Revised: 11/29/2006] [Accepted: 12/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pore channels of polycarbonate membranes were recently used as biomimetic models to study the effect of confinement on silicate condensation, leading to the formation of silica tubes exhibiting a core-shell structure. In this work, we preimmobilized poly-L-lysine on the membrane pores, leading to modification of the tube shell formation process and variation in core particle size. These data strengthen previous assumptions on the role of confinement on silica growth, i.e., interfacial interactions and perturbation of the diffusion coefficient. They also suggest that this approach is suitable to investigate in more detail the contribution of confinement effects on silica biomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Gautier
- Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, CNRS-UMR 7574, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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123
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Feng J, Ruckenstein E. Self-assembling of ABC linear triblock copolymers in nanocylindrical tubes. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:124902. [PMID: 17411156 DOI: 10.1063/1.2715587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
By employing Monte Carlo simulations for various tube diameters and preferences of the tube surface for the A, B, and C segments, the morphologies of A(5)B(5)C(5), A(5)B(10)C(5), and A(5)B(5)C(10) triblock copolymer melts confined in nanocylindrical tubes were examined. The interaction parameters between different segments were considered constant epsilon(AB)=epsilon(AC)=epsilon(BC)=0.3k(B)T, the tube diameter was changed from d=9xlattice parameter to d=33xlattice parameter, and the preferences of the tube surface for the segments A, B, and C (-epsilon(AS),-epsilon(BS), and -epsilon(CS)) were varied between 0.05k(B)T and k(B)T. ABCCBA alternately stacked disks were generated in most tubes when the preference of the tube surface for any of the segments was weak, and the morphologies tended to transform into curved lamellae in tubes with large diameters when the preference for one of the segments was high. Numerous novel morphologies, such as ABC double helixes, AB single helix+C double helixes, AB double helixes+C quadruple helixes, plate morphologies with fins, dendrites, etc., which were located in the phase diagram between the stacked disks and the curved lamellar structures, were identified. Additionally, the orientation parameters indicating the alignments of the polymer chains were calculated and correlated with the morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Feng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260-4200, USA
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124
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Zhu Y, Jiang W. Self-Assembly of Diblock Copolymer Mixtures in Confined States: A Monte Carlo Study. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma062022x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
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125
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Xiao X, Huang Y, Liu H, Hu Y. Monte Carlo Simulation of ABA Triblock Copolymer Melts Confined in a Cylindrical Nanotube. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.200600064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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126
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Monte Carlo Simulations of Nano-Confined Block Copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6330-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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127
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Ma M, Krikorian V, Yu JH, Thomas EL, Rutledge GC. Electrospun polymer nanofibers with internal periodic structure obtained by microphase separation of cylindrically confined block copolymers. NANO LETTERS 2006; 6:2969-72. [PMID: 17163741 DOI: 10.1021/nl062311z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Continuous fibers are described having concentric layer or aligned sphere microphase-separated, styrene-isoprene block copolymer morphologies. The fibers are obtained by a two-fluid coaxial electrospinning technique in which the desired block copolymer is encapsulated as the core component within a polymer shell having a high glass transition temperature (Tg). The fibers range in diameter from 300 to 800 nm, and the block copolymer core ranges from 50 to 500 nm. Subsequent annealing of the fibers above the upper Tg of the block copolymer but below the Tg of the shell polymer results in microphase separation of the block copolymer under cylindrical confinement. The resulting fibers exhibit improved long-range order. This two-step strategy creates the opportunity to fabricate continuous nanofibers with periodic internal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglin Ma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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128
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Feng J, Liu H, Hu Y. Mesophase Separation of Diblock Copolymer Confined in a Cylindrical Tube Studied by Dissipative Particle Dynamics. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.200600042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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129
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Li W, Wickham RA. Self-Assembled Morphologies of a Diblock Copolymer Melt Confined in a Cylindrical Nanopore. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma061630+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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130
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Feng J, Ruckenstein E. Morphology transitions of AB diblock copolymer melts confined in nanocylindrical tubes. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:164911. [PMID: 17092143 DOI: 10.1063/1.2362818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
By employing Monte Carlo simulations for various values for the interactions energies epsilonAB between the beads A and B, the selectivity of the surface for one of the beads, and the diameter d of the nanotube, the morphology transitions in A5B5 and A7B3 diblock copolymer melts were investigated. In symmetrical systems and for a negligible preference of the surface for A and B and not too large values of d, as epsilonAB increases, increasingly thicker stacked-disk macrodomains normal to the tube surface were formed. When epsilonAB became sufficiently large, a configuration transition to helixes occurred which became deformed at larger values of epsilonAB. The helixes contained an imperfect single helix of A coupled with an imperfect single helix of B or imperfect double helixes of A coupled with imperfect double helixes of B. When at constant and relatively large epsilonAB, the attractive interaction epsilonAS between the A bead and the surface was increased, a transition from a succession consisting of stacked disks and a helix to a helical one occurred, which changed to a circular lamellar structure at a sufficiently large attraction epsilonAS by the surface. When the diameter d was increased, in addition to the helixes already mentioned imperfect triple helixes of A coupled with triple helixes of B were identified. In the asymmetrical case, two kinds of helixes were observed, namely, those identified in the symmetrical case, as well as a helix formed by one kind of beads immersed in the matrix of the other one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Feng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260-4200, USA
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131
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Chen P, Liang H. Monte Carlo Simulations of Cylinder-Forming ABC Triblock Terpolymer Thin Films. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:18212-24. [PMID: 16970438 DOI: 10.1021/jp061957c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We systematically study the cylinder-forming ABC triblock terpolymer thin films using canonical ensemble Monte Carlo simulations. The simulated annealing procedure is applied to the self-assembling process. By judicious choice of the system dimensions, we elaborately investigate the effect of film thickness on the orientation of the cylinders. This confined triblock terpolymer system exhibits different phase behavior under the weak and strong surface fields. In addition, we also investigate the ensemble-averaged chain orientations and relative density profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
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132
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Rodriguez AT, Chen M, Chen Z, Brinker CJ, Fan H. Nanoporous Carbon Nanotubes Synthesized through Confined Hydrogen-Bonding Self-Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:9276-7. [PMID: 16848431 DOI: 10.1021/ja061380c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a simple and direct synthetic method for the preparation of nanoporous carbon nanotubes with larger pores (>10 nm) on the tube wall. The method combines the use of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) as a template for the tube diameter and block copolymer/carbohydrates self-assembly within thin films confined inside AAO pore channels to form nanopores. It involves coating the AAO inner pore channel surface with block copolymer (polystyrene-co-poly(vinylpyridine)) and carbohydrates in dimethylformamide (DMF) solution. Drying of DMF induced microphase separation of PS-PVP and formation of ordered PS and PVP/carbohydrate domains. Within the coating, the carbohydrates stay specifically only in the pyridine domains surrounding PS domains due to the hydrogen bonding between carbohydrates and pyridine blocks. After carbonization at high temperature (>460 degrees C) in argon, PS was removed, forming the nanopores and carbohydrates, and PVP was carbonized, forming the framework of nanoporous carbon tubes within AAO channels. Removal of AAO led to the formation of individual monodisperse nanoporous carbon nanotubes with a tube wall of approximately 16 nm. The ease with which these nanoporous carbon nanotubes can be fabricated, and the ability to tune tube nanostructures and surface chemistry through the choice of block copolymers used and carbonization temperature, should facilitate investigations of their scope for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian T Rodriguez
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering and UNM/NSF Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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133
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Feng J, Ruckenstein E. Morphologies of AB Diblock Copolymer Melts Confined in Nanocylindrical Tubes. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0605954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Feng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260-4200
| | - Eli Ruckenstein
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260-4200
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134
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Yu B, Sun P, Chen T, Jin Q, Ding D, Li B, Shi AC. Confinement-induced novel morphologies of block copolymers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:138306. [PMID: 16712046 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.138306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2005] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of block copolymers confined in cylindrical nanopores is studied systematically using a simulated annealing technique. For diblock copolymers which form two-dimensional hexagonally packed cylinders with period L0 in the bulk, novel structures such as helices and stacked toroids spontaneously form inside the cylindrical pores. These confinement-induced morphologies have no counterpart in the bulk system and they depend on the pore diameter (D) and the surface-polymer interactions, reflecting the importance of structural frustration and interfacial interactions. On tightening the degree of confinement, transitions from helices to toroids to spheres are observed. Mechanisms of the morphological transitions can be understood based on the degree of structural frustration parametrized by the ratio D/L0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yu
- College of Physics, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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135
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Xu JB, Wu H, Lu DY, He XF, Zhao YH, Wen H. Dissipative particle dynamics simulation on the meso-scale structure of diblock copolymer under cylindrical confinement. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/08927020600702022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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136
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Chen P, He X, Liang H. Effect of surface field on the morphology of a symmetric diblock copolymer under cylindrical confinement. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:104906. [PMID: 16542103 DOI: 10.1063/1.2178802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have used lattice Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the molecular assembly of symmetric diblock copolymer melts within cylindrical nanochannels. We studied the effect that the surface field has on the copolymer morphology in three cylinders having different diameters. Upon varying the strength of the surface field, we observed a variety of morphologies, including stacked-disk, single-helix, catenoid-cylinder, gyroidal, stacked-circle, and concentric cylindrical barrel structures. The results of these simulations should be helpful when designing polymeric nanomaterials confined in cylindrical nanochannels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
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137
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Wilmes GM, Durkee DA, Balsara NP, Liddle JA. Bending Soft Block Copolymer Nanostructures by Lithographically Directed Assembly. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0526443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregg M. Wilmes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, and Materials Sciences and Energy and Environmental Technologies Divisions, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - David A. Durkee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, and Materials Sciences and Energy and Environmental Technologies Divisions, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, and Materials Sciences and Energy and Environmental Technologies Divisions, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J. Alexander Liddle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, and Materials Sciences and Energy and Environmental Technologies Divisions, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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138
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139
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Harth E, Croce TA. Carving Out Niches for Nanostructures: Implementation and Interplay of Building Blocks, Methods, and Tools. Aust J Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1071/ch06245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The number and diversity of techniques to create well-defined polymeric architectures has set the foundation to reinvent macromolecular chemistry’s tenor. This development offers the chance to build refined structures with multifaceted, cross-disciplinary applications. We discuss a few advances in the design and development of selected nanoobjects with far-reaching potential. Herein, well-defined building blocks and introduced methods to establish three-dimensional architectures will be presented. Sequential attachment strategies and tools taken from biological chemistries achieve new levels of specificity.
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140
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Li W, Wickham RA, Garbary RA. Phase Diagram for a Diblock Copolymer Melt under Cylindrical Confinement. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma052151y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Li
- Department of Physics, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada B2G 2W5
| | - Robert A. Wickham
- Department of Physics, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada B2G 2W5
| | - Robert A. Garbary
- Department of Physics, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada B2G 2W5
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141
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Wu W, Huang J, Jia S, Kowalewski T, Matyjaszewski K, Pakula T, Gitsas A, Floudas G. Self-assembly of pODMA-b-ptBA-b-pODMA triblock copolymers in bulk and on surfaces. A quantitative SAXS/AFM comparison. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:9721-7. [PMID: 16207058 DOI: 10.1021/la051130u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The phase state of a series of poly(n-octadecyl methacrylate)-b-poly(tert-butyl acrylate)-b-poly(n-octadecyl methacrylate) (pODMA-b-ptBA-b-pODMA) triblock copolymers, synthesized through atom transfer radical polymerization, has been investigated in bulk and on surfaces using small-angle X-ray scattering and atomic force microscopy, respectively. The mean-field theory was employed to construct the bulk phase diagram. Excellent agreement was found between the bulk and surface morphologies as well as for the domain spacing (domain spacing scaled as d approximately equal to N(0.64)), suggesting that the strong polymer-polymer interactions in bulk are also the dominant interactions on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Center for Macromolecules Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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142
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Xiang H, Shin K, Kim T, Moon S, Mccarthy TJ, Russell TP. The influence of confinement and curvature on the morphology of block copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.20641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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