101
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Yabu H, Jinno T, Koike K, Higuchi T, Shimomura M. Three-Dimensional Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles in Spherically Confined Microphase-Separation Structures of Block copolymers. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma200994q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yabu
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Jinno
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Koike
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takeshi Higuchi
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Shimomura
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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102
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Carvalho JL, Massa MV, Cormier SL, Matsen MW, Dalnoki-Veress K. Reversible sphere-to-lamellar wetting transition at the interface of a diblock copolymer system. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2011; 34:51. [PMID: 21607833 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2011-11051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We use ellipsometry to investigate a transition in the morphology of a sphere-forming diblock copolymer thin-film system. At an interface the diblock morphology may differ from the bulk when the interfacial tension favours wetting of the minority domain, thereby inducing a sphere-to-lamella transition. In a small, favourable window in energetics, one may observe this transition simply by adjusting the temperature. Ellipsometry is ideally suited to the study of the transition because the additional interface created by the wetting layer affects the polarisation of light reflected from the sample. Here we study thin films of poly(butadiene-ethylene oxide) (PB-PEO), which order to form PEO minority spheres in a PB matrix. As temperature is varied, the reversible transition from a partially wetting layer of PEO spheres to a full wetting layer at the substrate is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Carvalho
- Department of Physics & Astronomy and the Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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103
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104
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Molecular composition distribution of polycarbonate/polystyrene blends in cylindrical nanopores. Polym J 2011. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2011.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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105
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Li S, Chen P, Zhang L, Liang H. Geometric frustration phases of diblock copolymers in nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:5081-5089. [PMID: 21417241 DOI: 10.1021/la200379h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The geometric frustration phases are investigated for diblock copolymers in nanoparticles with neutral surfaces using real-space self-consistent field theory. First, a rich variety of geometric frustration phases with specific symmetries are observed in the polymer nanoparticles with invariable diameters by constructing the phase diagrams arranged as the volume fraction and Flory-Huggins interaction parameter. Most of the space in the phase diagram is filled with phases with strong symmetries, such as spherical or cubic symmetries, while a number of asymmetric or axisymmetric phases are located in a narrow space in the diagram. Then the geometric frustration phases are examined systematically for the diblock copolymers with special polymer parameters, and a rich variety of novel frustration phases with multilayered structures are observed by varying the diameters of the nanoparticles. Furthermore, the investigations on the free energies indicate that the transitions between these frustrated phases are first-order, and the formation mechanism of the frustration phases is reasonably elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiben Li
- Department of Physics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
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106
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107
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Sushko ML, Liu J. Surfactant two-dimensional self-assembly under confinement. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:4322-8. [PMID: 21443214 DOI: 10.1021/jp2003497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Confinement-induced structural rearrangements in supported self-assembled surfactant layers in aqueous salt solutions are investigated using classical density functional theory. The systematic study of the influence of the nature of electrolyte revealed that 2:1 electrolyte stabilizes the hemicylindrical configuration of ionic surfactant layers, while a confinement-induced transition to a tilted monolayer configuration was found in symmetric 1:1 and 2:2 electrolytes. On the basis of this study, we formulate a general model for the energetics of structural rearrangements in supported surfactant layers. This model provides a basis for directed self-assembly of surfactant templates with desired structure and stability for scalable synthesis of nanocomposite functional materials, templated crystal growth, and biomolecule adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Sushko
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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108
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Wang Y, Tong L, Steinhart M. Swelling-induced morphology reconstruction in block copolymer nanorods: kinetics and impact of surface tension during solvent evaporation. ACS NANO 2011; 5:1928-1938. [PMID: 21323333 DOI: 10.1021/nn1029444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscopic domain structures of BCP nanorods can be converted into well-defined mesopore systems by swelling the BCP minority component with a selective solvent at temperatures below the bulk glass transition temperature of the nonswelling matrix. The initial stage of this process involves rapid morphology reconstruction of the nonswelling majority domains to accommodate the increased volume of the swelling minority domains caused by rapid solvent uptake. Morphology reconstruction slows down once entropic restoring forces of the swelling chains impede further uptake of swelling agent. Upon evaporation of the swelling agent, mesopores form in place of the swollen domains as the swollen minority blocks undergo entropic relaxation while intermediate nonequilibrium morphologies in the BCP nanorods are fixated by the reconstructed majority component. The surface area of mesopores developing when swollen cylindrical minority domains collapse may be minimized by the growth of Rayleigh instabilities. Depending on swelling temperature, swelling agent, and BCP architecture, BCP nanorods with one or several cylindrical channels undulated or uniform in diameter running along their long axes, linear strings of spherical cavities, and continuous mesopore systems can be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, PR China.
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109
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Pulamagatta B, Yau MYE, Gunkel I, Thurn-Albrecht T, Schröter K, Pfefferkorn D, Kressler J, Steinhart M, Binder WH. Block copolymer nanotubes by melt-infiltration of nanoporous aluminum oxide. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:781-786. [PMID: 21287642 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201003958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhanuprathap Pulamagatta
- Institute of Chemistry, Division of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences II, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
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110
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Erukhimovich I, Theodorakis PE, Paul W, Binder K. Mesophase formation in two-component cylindrical bottlebrush polymers. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:054906. [PMID: 21303159 DOI: 10.1063/1.3537978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Erukhimovich
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compound, RAS and Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
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111
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Zhao W, Chen D, Hu Y, Grason GM, Russell TP. ABC triblock copolymer vesicles with mesh-like morphology. ACS NANO 2011; 5:486-492. [PMID: 21128679 DOI: 10.1021/nn1028289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Polymer vesicles made from poly(isoprene-b-styrene-b-2-vinyl pyridine) (PI-b-PS-b-P2VP) triblock copolymer confined within the nanopores of an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane are studied. It was found that these vesicles have well-defined, nanoscopic size, and complex microphase-separated hydrophobic membranes, comprised of the PS and PI blocks, while the coronas are formed by the P2VP block. Vesicle formation was tracked using both transmission and scanning electron microscopy. A mesh-like morphology formed in the membrane at a well-defined composition of the three blocks that can be tuned by changing the copolymer composition. The nanoscale confinement, copolymer composition, and subtle molecular interactions contribute to the generation of these vesicles with such unusual morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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112
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Kim JH, Kim YH, Jeong HS, Youn EK, Jung HT. Highly ordered defect arrays of 8CB (4′-n-octyl-4-cyano-biphenyl) liquid crystal via template-assisted self-assembly. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm13432a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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113
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Yoon J, Lee KJ, Lahann J. Multifunctional polymer particles with distinct compartments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm10673b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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114
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Molecular Thermodynamic Models for Fluids of Chain-Like Molecules, Applications in Phase Equilibria and Micro-Phase Separation in Bulk and at Interface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-380985-8.00004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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115
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Surface-induced phase transitions in dense nanoparticle arrays of lamella-forming diblock copolymers. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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116
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Huh J, Park C, Kwon YK. Commensurability effect in diblock copolymer lamellar phase under d-dimensional nanoconfinement. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:114903. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3489685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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117
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Li L, Matsunaga K, Zhu J, Higuchi T, Yabu H, Shimomura M, Jinnai H, Hayward RC, Russell TP. Solvent-Driven Evolution of Block Copolymer Morphology under 3D Confinement. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma101529b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Le Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Kazuyuki Matsunaga
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Jintao Zhu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Takeshi Higuchi
- World Premier International Research Center, Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yabu
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials(IMRAM), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Shimomura
- World Premier International Research Center, Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Jinnai
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- World Premier International Research Center, Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Ryan C. Hayward
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
- World Premier International Research Center, Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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118
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Pulamagatta B, Binder WH, Yau E, Gunkel I, Thurn-Albrecht T, Steinhart M. Fiber - and Tube - Formation by Melt Infiltration of Block Copolymers into Al2
O3
-Pores. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200900021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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119
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Engel M, Stühn B. In situ small angle x-ray scattering measurements of the filling process of polyisobutylene and poly-ϵ-caprolactone in ion track etched polycarbonate nanopores. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:224502. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3429312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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120
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121
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Design of mesoporous carbon fibers from a poly(acrylonitrile) based block copolymer by a simple templating compression moulding process. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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122
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Pinna M, Hiltl S, Guo X, Böker A, Zvelindovsky AV. Block copolymer nanocontainers. ACS NANO 2010; 4:2845-2855. [PMID: 20496954 DOI: 10.1021/nn901853e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Using cell dynamics computer simulation, we perform a systematic study of thin block copolymer films around a nanoparticle. Lamellar-, cylinder-, and sphere-forming block copolymers are investigated with respect to different film thicknesses, particle radii, and boundary conditions at the film interfaces. The obtained structures include standing lamellae and cylinders, "onions", cylinder "knitting balls", "golf ball", layered spherical, "virus"-like and mixed morphologies with T-junctions and U-type defects. The kinetics of the structure formation and difference with planar thin films are discussed. Our simulations suggest that novel porous nanocontainers can be formed by the coating of a sacrificial nanobead by a block copolymer layer with a well-controlled nanostructure. In addition, first scanning force microscopy experiments on a model system reveal surface structures similar to those predicted by our simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pinna
- Computational Physics Group, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom.
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123
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Ma M, Thomas EL, Rutledge GC, Yu B, Li B, Jin Q, Ding D, Shi AC. Gyroid-Forming Diblock Copolymers Confined in Cylindrical Geometry: A Case of Extreme Makeover for Domain Morphology. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9022586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minglin Ma
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies
| | - Edwin L. Thomas
- Department of Material Science and Engineering
- Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies
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124
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Chen H, Ruckenstein E. Relation between molecular orientation and morphology of a multiblock copolymer melt confined in cylindrical nanopores. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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125
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Shchepelina O, Kozlovskaya V, Singamaneni S, Kharlampieva E, Tsukruk VV. Replication of anisotropic dispersed particulates and complex continuous templates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm00049c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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126
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Bang J, Jeong U, Ryu DY, Russell TP, Hawker CJ. Block copolymer nanolithography: translation of molecular level control to nanoscale patterns. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2009; 21:4769-92. [PMID: 21049495 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200803302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 491] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The self-asembly of block copolymers is a promising platform for the "bottom-up" fabrication of nanostructured materials and devices. This review covers some of the advances made in this field from the laboratory setting to applications where block copolymers are in use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joona Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 136-713 Seoul, Korea
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127
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Pinna M, Guo X, Zvelindovsky AV. Diblock copolymers in a cylindrical pore. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:214902. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3264946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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128
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Yu-Su SY, Sheiko SS, Lee HI, Jakubowski W, Nese A, Matyjaszewski K, Anokhin D, Ivanov DA. Crystallization of Molecular Brushes with Block Copolymer Side Chains. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma901432v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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129
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130
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Chen H, Ruckenstein E. Nanostructures self-assembled in polymer solutions confined in cylindrical nanopores. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:12315-12319. [PMID: 19537830 DOI: 10.1021/la901571m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanostructures self-assembled from solutions confined in cylindrical nanopores were investigated via Monte-Carlo simulations. The nanostructures, including some novel ones, were self-assembled under a wide range of conditions. It is shown that the interactions of the segments with the wall, reflecting the wetting/dewetting by the polymer segments of the wall, constitute a crucial factor in the nanostructure formation. When there are attractive interactions between the segments of a homopolymer or between one kind of segment of a copolymer and the wall, short nanorods, long nanorods, and long nanorods containing channels are generated, and the diameters of the nanostructures are close to the diameter of the cylindrical nanopores. When the above interactions are repulsive, nanospheres, short nanorods, nanocapsules, long nanorods, and nanocylindroids are formed, and generally, the diameter of the nanostructure is smaller than the diameter of the cylindrical nanopores because of the formation of a depletion layer near the wall of the cylindrical nanopores. Our results also indicate that nanostructures that occupy the entire height of the nanopores are more easily generated in nanopores with larger diameters. It should be noted that the nanostructures formed from solutions are usually irregular and cannot be characterized by a unique diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houyang Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260-4200, USA
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131
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Zhang W, Zhang W, Zhou N, Zhu J, Cheng Z, Zhu X. Synthesis of miktoarm star amphiphilic block copolymers via combination of NMRP and ATRP and investigation on self-assembly behaviors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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132
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Kalra V, Lee JH, Park JH, Marquez M, Joo YL. Confined assembly of asymmetric block-copolymer nanofibers via multiaxial jet electrospinning. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2009; 5:2323-2332. [PMID: 19526533 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200900157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Multiaxial (triaxial/coaxial) electrospinning is utilized to fabricate block copolymer (poly(styrene-b-isoprene), PS-b-PI) nanofibers covered with a silica shell. The thermally stable silica shell allows post-fabrication annealing of the fibers to obtain equilibrium self-assembly. For the case of coaxial nanofibers, block copolymers with different isoprene volume fractions are studied to understand the effect of physical confinement and interfacial interaction on self-assembled structures. Various confined assemblies such as co-existing cylinders and concentric lamellar rings are obtained with the styrene domain next to the silica shell. This confined assembly is then utilized as a template to guide the placement of functional nanoparticles such as magnetite selectively into the PI domain in self-assembled nanofibers. To further investigate the effect of interfacial interaction and frustration due to the physically confined environment, triaxial configuration is used where the middle layer of the self-assembling material is sandwiched between the innermost and outermost silica layers. The results reveal that confined block-copolymer assembly is significantly altered by the presence and interaction with both inner and outer silica layers. When nanoparticles are incorporated into PS-b-PI and placed as the middle layer, the PI phase with magnetite nanoparticles migrates next to the silica layers. The migration of the PI phase to the silica layers is also observed for the blend of PS and PS-b-PI as the middle layer. These materials not only provide a platform to further study the effect of confinement and wall interactions on self-assembly but can also help develop an approach to fabricate multilayered, multistructured nanofibers for high-end applications such as drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha Kalra
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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133
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134
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Dobriyal P, Xiang H, Kazuyuki M, Chen JT, Jinnai H, Russell TP. Cylindrically Confined Diblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma901730a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Dobriyal
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | | | | | - Jiun-Tai Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | | | - Thomas P. Russell
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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135
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Chen D, Park S, Chen JT, Redston E, Russell TP. A simple route for the preparation of mesoporous nanostructures using block copolymers. ACS NANO 2009; 3:2827-2833. [PMID: 19719151 DOI: 10.1021/nn900782k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Poly(styrene-b-4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) nanostructures with multiple morphologies were fabricated by immersing PS-b-P4VP nanotubes in ethylene glycol, a nonsolvent for PS and a good solvent for P4VP, at different temperatures. Mesoporous structures were generated from uniform nanoscopic wormlike micelles due to a solvent-induced reconstruction when the spherical micellar structures were heated above the glass transition temperature of the PS block. The mesoporous nanostructures can be converted into inorganic oxide structures, like SiO(2) and TiO(2), by well-known sol-gel methods. The mesoporous inorganic oxides can be produced with tunable porosity by controlling the molecular weight of the block copolymers. Confinement also plays an important role to create the nanostructures with unusual morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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136
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Li W, Wickham RA. Influence of the Surface Field on the Self-Assembly of a Diblock Copolymer Melt Confined in a Cylindrical Nanopore. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma900667w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Ministry of Education, China, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Robert A. Wickham
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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137
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Tanaka T, Saito N, Okubo M. Control of Layer Thickness of Onionlike Multilayered Composite Polymer Particles Prepared by the Solvent Evaporation Method. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma901100n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Naohiko Saito
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Okubo
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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138
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Wang X, Li S, Chen P, Zhang L, Liang H. Microstructures of lamella-forming diblock copolymer melts under nanorod-array confinements. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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139
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Xu Y, Li W, Qiu F, Yang Y, Shi AC. Self-Assembly of ABC Star Triblock Copolymers under a Cylindrical Confinement. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:11153-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9043896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuci Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Ministry of Education, China, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weihua Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Ministry of Education, China, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Ministry of Education, China, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuliang Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Ministry of Education, China, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - An-Chang Shi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4M1
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140
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Jeon SM, Lee Y, Kim JH, Lee JK, Char K, Sohn BH. Internal morphologies of diblock copolymer nanorods fabricated from regular and irregular pores of anodized aluminum oxide templates. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2009.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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141
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Jung YS, Ross CA. Well-ordered thin-film nanopore arrays formed using a block-copolymer template. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2009; 5:1654-1659. [PMID: 19334017 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200900053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Sik Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, USA
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142
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Ma M, Titievsky K, Thomas EL, Rutledge GC. Continuous concentric lamellar block copolymer nanofibers with long range order. NANO LETTERS 2009; 9:1678-1683. [PMID: 19351195 DOI: 10.1021/nl900265y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fibers with long-range ordered internal structures have applications in various areas such as photonic band gap fibers, optical waveguides, wearable power, sensors, and sustained drug release. Up to now, such fibers have been formed by melt extrusion or drawing from a macroscopic preformed rod and were typically limited to diameters >10 microm with internal features >1 microm (Abouraddy, A. F.; et al. Nat. Mater. 2007, 6, 336). We describe a new class of continuous fibers and fibrous membranes with long-range ordered concentric lamellar structure that have fiber diameters and feature sizes 2-3 orders of magnitude smaller than those made by conventional methods. These fibers are created through confined self-assembly of block copolymers within core-shell electrospun filaments. In contrast to the copolymer in bulk or thin films, the domains of the concentric lamellar structure are shown here to vary quantitatively with (radial) position and to exhibit a novel dislocation that accommodates variations in fiber diameter robustly, permitting for the first time the realization of long-range order in technologically meaningful, continuous fibers with approximately 300 nm diameter and 50 nm radial period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglin Ma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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143
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Yang Q, Li M, Tong C, Zhu Y. Phase behaviors of diblock copolymer-nanoparticle films under nanopore confinement. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:094903. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3055601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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144
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Martín J, Mijangos C. Tailored polymer-based nanofibers and nanotubes by means of different infiltration methods into alumina nanopores. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:1181-1187. [PMID: 19138163 DOI: 10.1021/la803127w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Template synthesis is one of the most effective methods for the preparation of one-dimensional polymer-based nanostructures (1DPNs). Both hollow nanotubes and solid nanorods or nanofibers with tailored dimensions can be obtained by simply templating a porous material with suitable pore size. The mechanism of polymer infiltration into the pores is also very important in order to obtain the desired one-dimensional nanostructures and to control their final morphology. In this study, several infiltration methods were explored with the aim to obtain different 1DPNs. It was shown that, with these infiltration methods, it is possible to obtain nanofibers and nanotubes of any diameter and length composed of polymers with a wide chemical nature (poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(vinyl chloride), poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinylidene fluoride), etc.), or even composed of nanoparticulate composites. Finally, the selection of infiltration method for desired nanostructure is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Martín
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Polimeros, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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145
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Jain S, Chapman WG. Effect of confinement on the ordering of symmetric diblock copolymers: application of interfacial statistical associating fluid theory. Mol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970802676040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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146
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Kalra V, Lee J, Lee JH, Lee SG, Marquez M, Wiesner U, Joo YL. Controlling nanoparticle location via confined assembly in electrospun block copolymer nanofibers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2008; 4:2067-2073. [PMID: 18932189 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200800279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Coaxial nanofibers with poly(styrene-block-isoprene) (PS-b-PI)/magnetite nanoparticles as core and silica as shell are fabricated using electrospinning.1-4 Thermally stable silica helps to anneal the fibers above the glass transition temperature of PS-b-PI and form ordered nanocomposite morphologies. Monodisperse magnetite nanoparticles (NPs; 4 nm) are synthesized and surface coated with oleic acid to provide marginal selectivity towards an isoprene domain. When 4 wt% nanoparticles are added to symmetric PS-b-PI, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of microtomed electrospun fibers reveal that NPs are uniformly dispersed only in the PI domain, and that the confined lamellar assembly in the form of alternate concentric rings of PS and PI is preserved. For 10 wt% NPs, a morphology transition is seen from concentric rings to a co-continuous phase with NPs again uniformly dispersed in the PI domains. No aggregates or loss of PI selectivity is found in spite of interparticle attraction. Magnetic properties are measured using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer and all nanocomposite fiber samples exhibit superparamagnetic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha Kalra
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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147
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Chen P, Liang H, Shi AC. Microstructures of a Cylinder-Forming Diblock Copolymer under Spherical Confinement. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma800443h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haojun Liang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - An-Chang Shi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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148
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Chuang VP, Ross CA, Bilalis P, Hadjichristidis N. Nanoscale rings fabricated using self-assembled triblock terpolymer templates. ACS NANO 2008; 2:2007-2014. [PMID: 19206445 DOI: 10.1021/nn8002345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Although there has been extensive work on the use of self-assembled diblock copolymers for nanolithography, there are few reports of the use of multiblock copolymers, which can form a more diverse range of nanoscale pattern geometries. Pattern transfer from a self-assembled poly(butadiene-b-styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) (PB-b-PS-b-PMMA) triblock terpolymer thin film has been investigated. Polymers of different total molecular weight were synthesized with a predicted morphology consisting of PMMA-core/PS-shell cylinders in a PB matrix. By adjusting the solvent-annealing conditions and the film thickness, thin films with vertically oriented cylinders were formed. The PMMA cylinder cores and the PB matrix were then removed using selective etching to leave an array of PS rings, and the ring pattern was transferred into a silica film by reactive ion etching to form 19 nm high silica rings. This result illustrates the design and use of triblock terpolymers for self-assembled lithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian P Chuang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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149
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Zhu J, Hayward RC. Wormlike Micelles with Microphase-Separated Cores from Blends of Amphiphilic AB and Hydrophobic BC Diblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801783m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Zhu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Ryan C. Hayward
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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150
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Wang Y, Gösele U, Steinhart M. Mesoporous block copolymer nanorods by swelling-induced morphology reconstruction. NANO LETTERS 2008; 8:3548-3553. [PMID: 18763833 DOI: 10.1021/nl8022687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Engineering the topography of thin block copolymer (BCP) films by surface reconstruction associated with selective swelling of one of the blocks has been investigated intensively. Here we show that swelling-induced structural transitions in nanorods consisting of amphiphilic BCPs involve pronounced reshaping of the nonswollen glassy domains in the course of the transition from the equilibrium morphology of the molten BCP in cylindrical confinement to that of the BCP dissolved in the swelling agent. The reconstruction process can be quenched to retain intermediate nonequilibrium morphologies. The collapse of the swollen chains upon drying yields polymeric nanorods exhibiting complex nanoscopic architectures characterized by a variety of mesopore structures and surface topographies, including channels along the nanorods, bunches of partially interconnected strands, and strings of spheres. The complex BCP nanorods thus obtained can be used as soft templates for the rational arrangement of metal nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, D-6120 Halle, Germany.
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