Functionalized Conjugated Microporous Polymers

The role of the internal molecular free volume in defining organic porous copolymer properties: tunable porosity and highly selective CO2 adsorption

This paper presents novel azo-connected copolymerized networks derived from triptycene and spirobifluorene for high carbon dioxide selective capture.

Direct arylation polymerization towards narrow bandgap conjugated microporous polymers with hierarchical porosity

Conjugated microporous polymers are synthesized via facile direct arylation polymerization, resulting in conjugated networks with hierarchical porosity and a narrow bandgap of 1.5 eV.

Structure control and photocatalytic performance of porous conjugated polymers based on perylene diimide

Perylene diimide-based n-type porous conjugated polymers were prepared and evaluated as photocatalysts for hydrogen production and pollutant degradation applications.

A facile approach to prepare a microporous polycarbazole P-tetra(4-(N-carbazolyl)phenyl)silane network with high CO2 storage and separation properties

A facile approach to prepare a microporous polycarbazole P-TCzPhSi network by FeCl₃ oxidative polymerization reaction.

Monodispersed ultramicroporous semi-cycloaliphatic polyimides for the highly efficient adsorption of CO2, H2and organic vapors

Monodispersed ultramicroporous semi-cycloaliphatic polyimides (sPIs) were synthesizedviasolution polycondensation and possess high uptakes for CO₂, H₂, aromatic and aliphatic vapors, exhibiting potential in gas storage and the recovery of toxic organic vapors.

Dendrimer-like conjugated microporous polymers

Dendrimer-like carbazole-based conjugated microporous networks were designed and prepared by oxidative polymerization at room temperature.

Tunable porosity of 3D-networks with germanium nodes

Eight hyper cross-linked polymers based on tetrakis(4-ethynylphenyl)germanium and tetrakis(4-ethynylphenyl)methane are presented.

Controllable Preparation of Ultrathin Sandwich-Like Membrane with Porous Organic Framework and Graphene Oxide for Molecular Filtration

Porous organic frameworks (POFs) based membranes have potential applications in molecular filtration, despite the lack of a corresponding study. This study reports an interesting strategy to get processable POFs dispersion and a novel ultrathin sandwich-like membrane design. It was accidentally found that the hydrophobic N-rich Schiff based POFs agglomerates could react with lithium-ethylamine and formed stable dispersion in water. By successively filtrating the obtained POFs dispersion and graphene oxide (GO), we successfully prepared ultrathin sandwich-like hybrid membranes with layered structure, which showed significantly improved separation efficiency in molecular filtration of organic dyes. This study may provide a universal way to the preparation of processable POFs and their hybrid membranes with GO.

Extraordinary capability for water treatment achieved by a perfluorous conjugated microporous polymer

Oils, organic solvents, dyes, and heavy metal ions are primary pollutants in water resources. Currently, no sorbent material can effectively remove these types of pollutants simultaneously. Here we report a perfluorous conjugated microporous polymer with superhydrophobicity and a large surface area, which exhibits outstanding adsorption capacities, kinetics, and recyclability for a wide range of organic solvents, oils, dyes, and heavy metal ions. The adsorption capacities of this polymer, 1376.7 mg g⁻¹ for Congo red, 808.2 mg g⁻¹ for Pb(II) and 303.2 mg g⁻¹ for As(V), are higher than the adsorption capacities of any previously described porous materials. Our theoretical calculation reveals that the superior properties of this polymer are due to fluorination and triple bonds within the polymer. A benchmark experiment indicates that this polymer can efficiently remove these pollutants simultaneously. Application of this polymer may lead to the development of next-generation reusable and portable water purification appliances.

Conjugated microporous copolymer networks with enhanced gas adsorption

Conjugated microporous copolymer networks show a high specific surface area of up to 2241 m² g⁻¹ and a high CO₂ uptake of 4.57 mmol g⁻¹ (1.13 bar/273 K) with a H₂ uptake of 2.24 wt% (1.13 bar/77.3 K).

Isoindigo-based microporous organic polymers for carbon dioxide capture

Isoindigo-based microporous organic polymers show a high CO₂ uptake ability of 3.30 mmol g⁻¹ (1.13 bar/273 K) with a CO₂/N₂ sorption selectivity of 58.8 : 1.

Synthesis of conjugated microporous polymer nanotubes for polymer composites

Tubular conjugated microporous polymers were synthesized and used as fillers for preparation of polymer composites with enhanced properties.

Facile synthesis of a conjugated microporous polymeric monolith via copper-free Sonogashira–Hagihara cross-coupling in water under aerobic conditions

Facile thiol–yne chemistry on a porous polymer monolith: the sulfur donors thus installed effectively take up Ag(i) ions, allowing for the catalysis of heterocyclization reaction in the solid phase.

Synthesis of covalent triazine-based frameworks with high CO2 adsorption and selectivity

PCTF-4 with benzothiadiazole exhibited the highest CO₂ uptake (20.5 wt%) and CO₂/N₂ selectivity (56) among the reported covalent triazine-based frameworks.

Porous polyurea network showing aggregation induced white light emission, applications as biosensor and scaffold for drug delivery

We have designed a urea functionalized novel nanoporous material, POP-PU, which showsaggregation induced white light emission in the presence of suitable polar solvents. This nanomaterial has been explored as a pseudowhite light emitter where the polymeric luminogen moiety can interact with the suitable polar solvent, leading to charge transfer. Thus, solvent assisted rotational freezing of nonrigid polymeric nanoparticles gives radiative emission and the whole solution emits white light with color temperature of 8533 K. This nanoporous material also holds the pockets (donor-donor-acceptor array) for specific biomolecular interaction. Among three pyrimidine based nucleotide bases, only cytosine can amplify the PL emission intensity of POP-PU and the other two bases cannot, suggesting its future potential as a biosensor. Further, this urea functionalized porous organic nanomaterial can be utilized as an efficient drug-delivery vehicle for liver cancer diagnostics and therapy based on the specific biomolecular interaction at its surface.

CMP aerogels: ultrahigh-surface-area carbon-based monolithic materials with superb sorption performance

Monolithic conjugated microporous polymer (CMP) aerogels are obtained in an extremely facile way by selection of adequate reaction conditions and a freeze-drying technique. The aerogels possess an ultrahigh specific surface area and hierarchical interconnected pores, exhibiting superb gas/oil adsorption performance compared with all microporous organic polymers to date.

Facile fabrication of ultrafine palladium nanoparticles with size- and location-control in click-based porous organic polymers

Two click-based porous organic polymers (CPP-1 and CPP-2) are readily synthesized through a click reaction. Using CPP-1 and CPP-2 as supports, palladium nanoparticles (NPs) with uniform and dual distributions were prepared through H2 and NaBH4 reduction routes, respectively. Ultrafine palladium NPs are effectively immobilized in the interior cavities of polymers. The coordination of 1,2,3-triazolyl to palladium and the confinement effect of polymers on palladium NPs are verified by solid-state (13)C NMR and IR spectra, XPS analyses, EDX mapping, and computational calculation. The steric and electronic properties of polymers have a considerable influence on the interaction between polymers and palladium NPs, as well as the catalytic performances of NPs. The ultrafine palladium NPs with uniform distribution exhibit superior stability and recyclability over palladium NPs with dual distributions and palladium on charcoal in the hydrogenation of nitroarenes, and no obvious agglomeration and loss of catalytic activity were observed after recycling several times. The excellent performances mainly result from synergetic effects between palladium NPs and polymers.

Conjugated microporous polymers: design, synthesis and application

Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) are a class of organic porous polymers that combine π-conjugated skeletons with permanent nanopores, in sharp contrast to other porous materials that are not π-conjugated and with conventional conjugated polymers that are nonporous. As an emerging material platform, CMPs offer a high flexibility for the molecular design of conjugated skeletons and nanopores. Various chemical reactions, building blocks and synthetic methods have been developed and a broad variety of CMPs with different structures and specific properties have been synthesized, driving the rapid growth of the field. CMPs are unique in that they allow the complementary utilization of π-conjugated skeletons and nanopores for functional exploration; they have shown great potential for challenging energy and environmental issues, as exemplified by their excellent performance in gas adsorption, heterogeneous catalysis, light emitting, light harvesting and electrical energy storage. This review describes the molecular design principles of CMPs, advancements in synthetic and structural studies and the frontiers of functional exploration and potential applications.

Thin film fabricated from solution-dispersible porous hyperbranched conjugated polymer nanoparticles without surfactants

Porous hyperbranched conjugated polymer nanoparticles with an average particle size of 20-60 nm and a specific surface area of 225 m(2) g(-1) have been prepared through Suzuki polymerization in a miniemulsion, which could be stably dispersed in common organic solvents after complete removal of surfactants. Furthermore, a simple spin-coating method for the preparation of homogeneous transparent thin films of the nanoparticle has been developed. Bright blue emission of the porous nanoparticle films could be reversibly quenched by nitroaromatics with enhanced sensitivity compared to dense films of the linear conjugated polymer analogue.

Network formation mechanisms in conjugated microporous polymers

The mechanism of network formation for a conjugated microporous polymer (CMP-1) has been investigated in detail.