101
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Zdyrko B, Swaminatha Iyer K, Luzinov I. Macromolecular anchoring layers for polymer grafting: comparative study. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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102
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Wang Y, Zheng JX, Brittain WJ, Cheng SZD. Switchable thin-film surface prepared via a simple grafting-to method using a polystyrene-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) copolymer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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103
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Retsos H, Gorodyska G, Kiriy A, Stamm M, Creton C. Adhesion between chemically heterogeneous switchable polymeric brushes and an elastomeric adhesive. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:7722-5. [PMID: 16089375 DOI: 10.1021/la050054s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the adhesive properties of binary heterogeneous polymer brushes made from end-functionalized polystyrene (PS) and poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP) chains. The molecular organization of the mixed brush could be varied reversibly by exposure to selective solvents for PS (toluene) and for P2VP (acidic water). This exposure results in reversible switching of adhesive and wetting properties. The manner in which the adhesion switching occurs can be tuned by the composition of mixed brushes. However, the outer surface composition could be enriched more effectively in PS after the toluene treatment than in P2VP after the acidic water treatment. As a result, the mixed brush compositions that showed the largest difference in properties between an exposure to toluene and an exposure to water were the P2VP-rich compositions. Adhesive properties, tested against a soft hydrophobic pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) using a probe test, always showed smaller differences between solvent treatments than wetting properties with water, suggesting a much higher sensitivity of the hydrophobic/hydrophilic brushes to polar molecules than to nonpolar molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haris Retsos
- Physico-Chimie des Polymères et des Milieux Dispersés, UMR 7615, Ecole Supérieure Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, 10, rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris, France
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104
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Cho EC, Kim YD, Cho K. Temperature-dependent intermolecular force measurement of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) grafted surface with protein. J Colloid Interface Sci 2005; 286:479-86. [PMID: 15897061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2004] [Accepted: 10/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the temperature dependence of the intermolecular force between poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNiPAM) grafted surface and bovine serum albumin (BSA) in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) using atomic force microscopy at the nanonewton scale. These observations show that the interaction force is nearly zero below the phase transition temperature of PNiPAM and that it increases steeply during the phase transition. Since the PNiPAM chains are grafted onto the aminosilane (gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane)-treated silicon wafer, we measured the force-distance curve of BSA-immobilized tips for the bare and the aminosilane-treated silicon wafer. These surfaces show no temperature dependence and their values are different from those of the PNiPAM-grafted surfaces at 30 degrees C. The results indicate that the measured adhesion force is between the PNiPAM-grafted surface and the BSA-immobilized tip. Our studies on the intermolecular force between other surfaces (CH(3)- and COOH-terminated self-assembled monolayers) and the BSA-immobilized tip indicate that the variation in the intermolecular force between the PNiPAM surface and BSA with temperature can be attributed to the changes in the properties of the PNiPAM chains. From consideration of the PNiPAM phase transition mechanism, it is speculated that the intermolecular force between the PNiPAM-grafted surface and BSA would be affected by changes in the arrangement of the bound water molecules around the PNiPAM chain and by changes in the conformation (i.e., in the chain mobility) of the PNiPAM chain during the phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Chul Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
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105
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Abstract
The macroscopic properties of a surface can be intelligently controlled by alternating the states of the modified molecules, such as polymers, metallic oxide, or self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). This article reviews various approaches to create a switchable surface and different types of external stimuli used to switch the surface properties. This area is of potential benefit for biomaterials, biosensors, information storage, microfluidic systems, adhesive materials, nanolithography, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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106
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Chen Z, Cai J, Zhang L, Liu Y, Jiang X, Yang C. End-grafting copolymers of styrene and 4-vinylpyridine on an interacting solid surface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.20406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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107
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Karavia V, Deimede V, Kallitsis JK. Synthesis of End‐Functionalized Polystyrenes Using ATRP and Their Grafting onto Polyethylene Copolymers. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2004. [DOI: 10.1081/ma-120027298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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108
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Iyer KS, Luzinov I. Effect of Macromolecular Anchoring Layer Thickness and Molecular Weight on Polymer Grafting. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0493168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Swaminatha Iyer
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634
| | - Igor Luzinov
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634
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109
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Lemieux MC, Julthongpiput D, Bergman KN, Cuong PD, Ahn HS, Lin YH, Tsukruk VV. Ultrathin binary grafted polymer layers with switchable morphology. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2004; 20:10046-10054. [PMID: 15518492 DOI: 10.1021/la048496b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Polymer surface layers comprised of mixed chains grafted to a functionalized silicon surface with a total layer thickness of only 1-3 nm are shown to exhibit reversible switching of their structure. Carboxylic acid-terminated polystyrene (PS) and poly (butyl acrylate) (PBA) were chemically attached to a silicon surface that was modified with an epoxysilane self-assembled monolayer by a "grafting to" routine. While one-step grafting resulted in large, submicron microstructures, a refined, two-step sequential grafting procedure allowed for extremely small spatial dimensions of PS and PBA domains. By adjusting the grafting parameters, such as concentration of each phase and molecular weight, very finely structured surfaces resulted with roughly 10-nm phase domains and less than 0.5-nm roughness. Combining the glassy PS and the rubbery PBA, we implemented a design approach to fabricate a mixed brush from two immiscible polymers so that switching of the surface nanomechanical properties is possible. Post-grafting hydrolysis converted PBA to poly(acrylic acid) to amplify this switching in surface wettability. Preliminary tribological studies showed a difference in wear behavior of glassy and rubbery surface layers. Such switchable coatings have practical applications as surface modifications of complex nanoscale electronic devices and sensors, which is why we restricted total thickness for potential nanoscale gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melburne C Lemieux
- Materials Science & Engineering Department, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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110
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Peleshanko S, Jeong J, Gunawidjaja R, Tsukruk VV. Amphiphilic Heteroarm PEO-b-PSm Star Polymers at the Air−Water Interface: Aggregation and Surface Morphology. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0493170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Peleshanko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - J. Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - R. Gunawidjaja
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - V. V. Tsukruk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
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111
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Fick J, Steitz R, Leiner V, Tokumitsu S, Himmelhaus M, Grunze M. Swelling behavior of self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiol-terminated poly(ethylene glycol): a neutron reflectometry study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2004; 20:3848-53. [PMID: 15969370 DOI: 10.1021/la049526d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The swelling behavior of alkanethiol-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) with an average molecular weight of 2180 Da (i.e., approximately 45 ethylene glycol, EG, units) in contact with water was investigated by neutron reflectometry as a function of the morphology of the PEG-SH layer. Amorphous films at a low grafting density show significant swelling with an increase of the film thickness from approximately 25 A in the dry state to approximately 70 A in contact with D2O, which corresponds to a total water uptake of approximately 38 mass %. In contrast, quasi-crystalline monolayers exhibit only a small amount of water penetrating into the film (approximately 8 mass %) with a corresponding change of the layer thickness from approximately 110 to approximately 125 A. The water uptake per EG unit corresponds to the literature value of 1.5 for the amorphous layer and to only 0.25 in the case of the quasi-crystalline film.
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112
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Draper J, Luzinov I, Minko S, Tokarev I, Stamm M. Mixed polymer brushes by sequential polymer addition: anchoring layer effect. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2004; 20:4064-75. [PMID: 15969399 DOI: 10.1021/la0361316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Smart surfaces can be described as surfaces that have the ability to respond in a controllable fashion to specific environmental stimuli. A heterogeneous (mixed) polymer brush (HPB) can provide a synthetic route to designing smart polymer surfaces. In this research we study HPB comprised of end-grafted polystyrene (PS) and poly(2-vinyl pyridine) (P2VP). The synthesis of the HPB involves the use of an "intermolecular glue" acting as a binding/anchoring interlayer between the polymer brush and the substrate, a silicon wafer. We compare anchoring layers of epoxysilane (GPS), which forms a self-assembled monolayer with epoxy functionality, to poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA), which forms a macromolecular monolayer with epoxy functionality. The PS and P2VP were deposited onto the wafers in a sequential fashion to chemically graft PS in a first step and subsequently graft P2VP. Rinsing the HPB in selective solvents and observing the change in water contact angle as a function of the HPB composition studied the switching nature of the HPB. Scanning probe microscopy was used to probe the topography and phase imagery of the HPB. The nature of the anchoring layer significantly affected the wettability and morphology of the mixed brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Draper
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
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113
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Pyun J, Jia S, Kowalewski T, Matyjaszewski K. Synthesis and Surface Attachment of ABC Triblock Copolymers Containing Glassy and Rubbery Segments. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200300070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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114
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Zhou F, Liu W, Xu T, Liu S, Chen M, Liu J. Preparation of silane-terminated polystyrene and polymethylmethacrylate self-assembled films on silicon wafer. J Appl Polym Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/app.20121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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115
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Aminuzzaman M, Kado Y, Mitsuishi M, Miyashita T. Immobilization of a fluorinated polymer Langmuir–Blodgett monolayer on a solid substrate for surface nanocoating. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b407819e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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116
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Minko S, Luzinov I, Luchnikov V, Müller M, Patil S, Stamm M. Bidisperse Mixed Brushes: Synthesis and Study of Segregation in Selective Solvent. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma034160h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy Minko
- Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634; and Institut für Physik, WA331, J. Gutenberg Universität, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Igor Luzinov
- Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634; and Institut für Physik, WA331, J. Gutenberg Universität, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Valeriy Luchnikov
- Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634; and Institut für Physik, WA331, J. Gutenberg Universität, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcus Müller
- Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634; and Institut für Physik, WA331, J. Gutenberg Universität, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Satish Patil
- Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634; and Institut für Physik, WA331, J. Gutenberg Universität, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Stamm
- Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634; and Institut für Physik, WA331, J. Gutenberg Universität, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
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117
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Lemieux M, Usov D, Minko S, Stamm M, Shulha H, Tsukruk VV. Reorganization of Binary Polymer Brushes: Reversible Switching of Surface Microstructures and Nanomechanical Properties. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma034634c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Lemieux
- Materials Science & Engineering Department, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011; Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; and Department of Chemistry, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810
| | - D. Usov
- Materials Science & Engineering Department, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011; Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; and Department of Chemistry, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810
| | - S. Minko
- Materials Science & Engineering Department, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011; Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; and Department of Chemistry, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810
| | - M. Stamm
- Materials Science & Engineering Department, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011; Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; and Department of Chemistry, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810
| | - H. Shulha
- Materials Science & Engineering Department, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011; Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; and Department of Chemistry, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810
| | - V. V. Tsukruk
- Materials Science & Engineering Department, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011; Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; and Department of Chemistry, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810
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118
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Iyer KS, Zdyrko B, Malz H, Pionteck J, Luzinov I. Polystyrene Layers Grafted to Macromolecular Anchoring Layer. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma034460z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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119
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Houbenov N, Minko S, Stamm M. Mixed Polyelectrolyte Brush from Oppositely Charged Polymers for Switching of Surface Charge and Composition in Aqueous Environment. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0341869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Houbenov
- Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810
| | - Sergiy Minko
- Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810
| | - Manfred Stamm
- Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810
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120
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Micromechanical properties of glassy and rubbery polymer brush layers as probed by atomic force microscopy. POLYMER 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00404-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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121
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Quirk RP, Mathers RT, Cregger T, Foster MD. Anionic Synthesis of Block Copolymer Brushes Grafted from a 1,1-Diphenylethylene Monolayer. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma011536n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roderic P. Quirk
- Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909
| | - Robert T. Mathers
- Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909
| | - Tricia Cregger
- Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909
| | - Mark D. Foster
- Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909
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122
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Luzinov I, Tsukruk VV. Ultrathin Triblock Copolymer Films on Tailored Polymer Brushes. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0205818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Luzinov
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Vladimir V. Tsukruk
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
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123
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Mori H, Böker A, Krausch G, Müller AHE. Surface-Grafted Hyperbranched Polymers via Self-Condensing Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization from Silicon Surfaces. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0019048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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124
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Yin Z, Koulic C, Pagnoulle C, Jérôme R. Reactive Blending of Functional PS and PMMA: Interfacial Behavior of in situ Formed Graft Copolymers. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma001798+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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125
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Luzinov I, Julthongpiput D, Tsukruk V. Stability of microdomain morphology in tethered block copolymer monolayers. POLYMER 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(00)00461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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