101
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Rawlinson LAB, Ryan SM, Mantovani G, Syrett JA, Haddleton DM, Brayden DJ. Antibacterial effects of poly(2-(dimethylamino ethyl)methacrylate) against selected gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:443-53. [PMID: 20025269 DOI: 10.1021/bm901166y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial coatings can reduce the occurrence of medical device-related bacterial infections. Poly(2-(dimethylamino ethyl)methacrylate) (pDMAEMA) is one such polymer that is being researched in this regard. The aims of this study were to (1) elucidate pDMAEMA's antimicrobial activity against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and (2) to investigate its antimicrobial mode of action. The methods used include determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against various bacteria and the effect of pH and temperature on antimicrobial activity. The ability of pDMAEMA to permeabilise bacterial membranes was determined using the dyes 1-N-phenyl-naphthylamine and calcein-AM. Flow cytometry was used to investigate pDMAEMA's capacity to be internalized by bacteria and to determine effects on bacterial cell cycling. pDMAEMA was bacteriostatic against Gram-negative bacteria with MIC values between 0.1-1 mg/mL. MIC values against Gram-positive bacteria were variable. pDMAEMA was active against Gram-positive bacteria around its pK(a) and at lower pH values, while it was active against Gram-negative bacteria around its pK(a) and at higher pH values. pDMAEMA inhibited bacterial growth by binding to the outside of the bacteria, permeabilizing the outer membrane and disrupting the cytoplasmic membrane. By incorporating pDMAEMA with erythromycin, it was found that the efficacy of the latter was increased against Gram-negative bacteria. Together, the results illustrate that pDMAEMA acts in a similar fashion to other cationic biocides.
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102
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Belegrinou S, Malinova V, Masciadri R, Meier W. Efficient Two-Step Synthesis of 11,11′-Dithiobis[1-(2-bromo-2-methylpropionyloxy)undecane], a Conventional Initiator for Grafting Polymer Brushes from Gold Surfaces via ATRP. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910903350008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Belegrinou
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , Basel, Switzerland
| | - Violeta Malinova
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Wolfgang Meier
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , Basel, Switzerland
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103
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Turan E, Caykara T. Construction of hydroxyl-terminated poly(N
-isopropylacrylamide) brushes on silicon wafer via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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104
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Dong R, Molloy RP, Lindau M, Ober CK. Direct Synthesis of Quaternized Polymer Brushes and Their Application for Guiding Neuronal Growth. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:2027-32. [DOI: 10.1021/bm1003702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Dong
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Raymond P. Molloy
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Manfred Lindau
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Christopher K. Ober
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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105
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Kurihara K. Polyelectrolyte brushes studied by surface forces measurement. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 158:130-8. [PMID: 20452568 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Brush layers of polyelectrolytes, ionized chains of poly(glutamic acid) (PLGA) and poly(lysine) (PLL), prepared by the Langmuir-Blodgett method, were characterized using the surface forces measurements at various pHs, salt concentrations and chain densities. This paper reviews the major results: (1) the effective charge density of the brush layer calculated from the force profiles was much lesser than the density of the ionized groups of the polyelectrolyte brushes, indicating that nearly all the ionized groups were neutralized by the counterions in the brush layer; (2) the thickness of the brush layers agreed with the length of the extended polyelectrolytes and was practically independent of the salt concentrations studied (0.43-10mM). The thickness was proportional to the polymerization degree of polyelectrolytes; (3) the initial elastic compressibility modulus of the brush layer of PLGA or PLL increased with increasing ionization degree, while it decreased with increasing salt concentration because of a decrease in the osmotic pressure of the counterions; (4) stress profiles between the brush layers were scaled for polyelectrolytes of various polymerization degrees according to the contour length of the polyelectrolyte. Similar scaling was also found for stress profiles obtained at various salt concentrations (0.43-10mM) and pHs; (5) the "osmotic pressure of counterion" model reproduced well the steric components of the stress profiles, thus supporting that the steric repulsion was mainly due to the osmotic pressure of the counterions; and (6) a density-dependent jump in the properties of polyelectrolyte brushes such as transfer ratio, compressibility and surface potential has been found, indicating the existence of the density (interchain distance)-dependent transition of polyelectrolytes in solutions. We have proposed a counterion model to account for this transition.
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106
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Yang SH, Choi I. Rosette-Shaped Calcite Structures at Surfaces: Mechanistic Implications for CaCO3 Crystallization. Chem Asian J 2010; 5:1586-93. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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107
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Emmerling SGJ, Langer LBN, Pihan SA, Lellig P, Gutmann JS. Patterning of a Surface Immobilized ATRP Initiator with an Inkjet Printer. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma902836n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian G. J. Emmerling
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg 11, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Laura B. N. Langer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sascha A. Pihan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp Lellig
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg 11, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jochen S. Gutmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg 11, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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108
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Kimura M, Sugawara M, Sato S, Fukawa T, Mihara T. Volatile Organic Compound Sensing by Quartz Crystal Microbalances Coated with Nanostructured Macromolecular Metal Complexes. Chem Asian J 2010; 5:869-76. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200900333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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109
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Surface functionalization of polycaprolactone films via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization for covalently coupling cell-adhesive biomolecules. Biomaterials 2010; 31:3139-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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110
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Yang SH, Choi ISS. Thickness Control of Biomimetic Silica Thin Films: Grafting Density of Poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) Templates. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.03.753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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111
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Zhang H, Jiang Y, Yu Q. Grafting Polymer Brushes from Glass Fibers by Surface-Initiated ATRP. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.200900057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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112
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Matrab T, Hauquier F, Combellas C, Kanoufi F. Scanning Electron Microscopy Investigation of Molecular Transport and Reactivity within Polymer Brushes. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:670-82. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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113
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Barbey R, Lavanant L, Paripovic D, Schüwer N, Sugnaux C, Tugulu S, Klok HA. Polymer brushes via surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization: synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications. Chem Rev 2010; 109:5437-527. [PMID: 19845393 DOI: 10.1021/cr900045a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1218] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Barbey
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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114
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Sui X, Zapotoczny S, Benetti EM, Schön P, Vancso GJ. Characterization and molecular engineering of surface-grafted polymer brushes across the length scales by atomic force microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b924392e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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115
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Cao L, Kruk M. Grafting of polymer brushes from nanopore surface via atom transfer radical polymerization with activators regenerated by electron transfer. Polym Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b9py00282k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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116
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117
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118
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Abstract
It's all about polymers! Polymers play a key role in the patterning and functionalization of surfaces by microcontact printing. Polymers are versatile stamps, inks and substrates and microcontact printing can provide microstructured polymer surfaces in a single printing step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kaufmann
- Organic Chemistry Institute
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Münster
- Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organic Chemistry Institute
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Münster
- Germany
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119
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120
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Tsarevsky NV, Huang J, Matyjaszewski K. Synthesis of hyperbranched degradable polymers by atom transfer radical (Co)polymerization of inimers with ester or disulfide groups. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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121
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Wang S, Zhu Y. Facile method to prepare smooth and homogeneous polymer brush surfaces of varied brush thickness and grafting density. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:13448-55. [PMID: 19863074 DOI: 10.1021/la901785t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This Article describes a facile method to prepare smooth and homogeneous polymer brush surfaces of variable grafting density from a solid surface by combining Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition with surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). This method is successfully demonstrated by the preparation of thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) brush surfaces on smooth silicon and quartz substrates. With the custom-synthesized inert diluent whose chemical structure, except end-functionality, is the same as that of the reactive initiator, smooth and chemically homogeneous mixed monolayers of initiators and inert diluents are immobilized on a solid surface by LB deposition, allowing the further variation of the grafting density of PNIPAM brushes grafted from the initiator monolayers of varied initiator coverage. With the optimized molar ratio of deactivator, Cu(II) in the Cu(I)-ligand catalyst complex, the brush thickness of PNIPAM brushes at varied grafting density is controlled to grow nearly linearly with reaction time while smoothness and chemical homogeneity of PNIPAM brushes are achieved. For the demonstrated PNIPAM brush surfaces, the thermoresponsive characteristics of PNIPAM brushes are also verified. This combined LB-ATRP method can be applied to graft a variety of polymer brushes, including polyelectrolytes and block copolymers, from different solid substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqin Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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122
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Ding S, Floyd JA, Walters KB. Comparison of surface confined ATRP and SET‐LRP syntheses for a series of amino (meth)acrylate polymer brushes on silicon substrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Ding
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, 323 President's Circle, Mississippi 39762‐9595
| | - J. Alaina Floyd
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, 127 Earle Hall, Clemson, South Carolina 29634‐0909
| | - Keisha B. Walters
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, 323 President's Circle, Mississippi 39762‐9595
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123
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Patrucco E, Ouasti S, Vo CD, De Leonardis P, Pollicino A, Armes SP, Scandola M, Tirelli N. Surface-Initiated ATRP Modification of Tissue Culture Substrates: Poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) as an Antifouling Surface. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:3130-40. [DOI: 10.1021/bm900856r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Patrucco
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” and INSTM UdR Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom, Dipartimento Metodologie Fisiche e Chimiche per l’Ingegneria, Università di Catania and INSTM UdR Catania, V.le Andea Doria 6, Catania, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield,
| | - Sihem Ouasti
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” and INSTM UdR Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom, Dipartimento Metodologie Fisiche e Chimiche per l’Ingegneria, Università di Catania and INSTM UdR Catania, V.le Andea Doria 6, Catania, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield,
| | - Cong Duan Vo
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” and INSTM UdR Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom, Dipartimento Metodologie Fisiche e Chimiche per l’Ingegneria, Università di Catania and INSTM UdR Catania, V.le Andea Doria 6, Catania, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield,
| | - Piero De Leonardis
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” and INSTM UdR Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom, Dipartimento Metodologie Fisiche e Chimiche per l’Ingegneria, Università di Catania and INSTM UdR Catania, V.le Andea Doria 6, Catania, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield,
| | - Antonino Pollicino
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” and INSTM UdR Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom, Dipartimento Metodologie Fisiche e Chimiche per l’Ingegneria, Università di Catania and INSTM UdR Catania, V.le Andea Doria 6, Catania, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield,
| | - Steve P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” and INSTM UdR Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom, Dipartimento Metodologie Fisiche e Chimiche per l’Ingegneria, Università di Catania and INSTM UdR Catania, V.le Andea Doria 6, Catania, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield,
| | - Mariastella Scandola
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” and INSTM UdR Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom, Dipartimento Metodologie Fisiche e Chimiche per l’Ingegneria, Università di Catania and INSTM UdR Catania, V.le Andea Doria 6, Catania, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield,
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” and INSTM UdR Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom, Dipartimento Metodologie Fisiche e Chimiche per l’Ingegneria, Università di Catania and INSTM UdR Catania, V.le Andea Doria 6, Catania, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield,
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124
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Yang SH, Park JH, Cho WK, Lee HS, Choi IS. Counteranion-directed, biomimetic control of silica nanostructures on surfaces inspired by biosilicification found in diatoms. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2009; 5:1947-1951. [PMID: 19544316 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200900440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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125
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Hauquier F, Matrab T, Kanoufi F, Combellas C. Local direct and indirect reduction of electrografted aryldiazonium/gold surfaces for polymer brushes patterning. Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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126
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Surface modification of thermally expandable microspheres by grafting poly(glycidyl methacrylate) using ARGET ATRP. Eur Polym J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2009.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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127
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128
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Lewis GT, Nguyen V, Shih WY, Cohen Y. Reverse atom transfer radical graft polymerization of 4-vinylpyridine onto inorganic oxide surfaces. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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129
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Polymer brushes and self-assembled monolayers: Versatile platforms to control cell adhesion to biomaterials (Review). Biointerphases 2009; 4:FA3-16. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3089252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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130
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Dong R, Lindau M, Ober CK. Dissociation behavior of weak polyelectrolyte brushes on a planar surface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:4774-4779. [PMID: 19243153 DOI: 10.1021/la8039384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) brushes and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) brushes on gold substrates were synthesized by surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization of sodium acrylate and sodium methacrylate in water media at room temperature. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) titration and contact angle titration methods were used in combination to investigate the dissociation behavior of these two brushes. Whereas FTIR titration gives effective bulk pKa values of the polyacid brushes (pKabulk of PAA brushes is 6.5-6.6 and pKabulk of PMAA brushes is 6.9-7.0), contact angle titration provides effective surface pKa of the brushes (pKasurf of PAA brushes is 4.4+/-0.01 and pKasurf of PMAA brushes is approximately 4.6+/-0.1). The difference between pKabulk and pKasurf suggests that acid groups further from the substrate surface are easier to ionize and have smaller pKa values. Although such behavior of weak polyelectrolyte brushes has been predicted by theoretical simulation, here we provide the first experimental evidence of this behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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131
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Nyström D, Lindqvist J, Ostmark E, Antoni P, Carlmark A, Hult A, Malmström E. Superhydrophobic and self-cleaning bio-fiber surfaces via ATRP and subsequent postfunctionalization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2009; 1:816-823. [PMID: 20356007 DOI: 10.1021/am800235e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic and self-cleaning cellulose surfaces have been obtained via surface-confined grafting of glycidyl methacrylate using atom transfer radical polymerization combined with postmodification reactions. Both linear and branched graft-on-graft architectures were used for the postmodification reactions to obtain highly hydrophobic bio-fiber surfaces by functionalization of the grafts with either poly(dimethylsiloxane), perfluorinated chains, or alkyl chains, respectively. Postfunctionalization using alkyl chains yielded results similar to those of surfaces modified by perfluorination, in terms of superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning properties, and the stability of these properties over time. In addition, highly oleophobic surfaces have been obtained when modification with perfluorinated chains was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nyström
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, Stockholm, Sweden
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132
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Comparison of two “grafting from” techniques for surface functionalization: Cathodic electrografting and surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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133
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134
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Benetti EM, Reimhult E, de Bruin J, Zapotoczny S, Textor M, Vancso GJ. Poly(methacrylic acid) Grafts Grown from Designer Surfaces: The Effect of Initiator Coverage on Polymerization Kinetics, Morphology, and Properties. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma8014678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edmondo M. Benetti
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands, Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland, and Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, PL-30-060 Cracow, Poland
| | - Erik Reimhult
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands, Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland, and Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, PL-30-060 Cracow, Poland
| | - Johannes de Bruin
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands, Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland, and Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, PL-30-060 Cracow, Poland
| | - Szczepan Zapotoczny
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands, Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland, and Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, PL-30-060 Cracow, Poland
| | - Marcus Textor
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands, Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland, and Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, PL-30-060 Cracow, Poland
| | - G. Julius Vancso
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands, Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland, and Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, PL-30-060 Cracow, Poland
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135
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Ignatova M, Voccia S, Gabriel S, Gilbert B, Cossement D, Jerome R, Jerome C. Stainless steel grafting of hyperbranched polymer brushes with an antibacterial activity: synthesis, characterization, and properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:891-902. [PMID: 19177648 DOI: 10.1021/la802472e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Two strategies were used for the preparation of hyperbranched polymer brushes with a high density of functional groups: (a) the cathodic electrografting of stainless steel by poly[2-(2-chloropropionate)ethyl acrylate] [poly(cPEA)], which was used as a macroinitiator for the atom transfer radical polymerization of an inimer, 2-(2-bromopropionate)ethyl acrylate in the presence or absence of heptadecafluorodecyl acrylate, (b) the grafting of preformed hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine) onto poly(N-succinimidyl acrylate) previously electrografted onto stainless steel. The hyperbranched polymer, which contained either bromides or amines, was quaternized because the accordingly formed quaternary ammonium or pyridinium groups are known for antibacterial properties. The structure, chemical composition, and morphology of the quaternized and nonquaternized hyperbranched polymer brushes were characterized by ATR-FTIR reflectance, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The peeling test confirmed that the grafted hyperbranched polymer films adhered much more strongly to stainless steel than the nongrafted solvent-cast films. The quaternized hyperbranched polymer brushes were more effective in preventing both protein adsorption and bacterial adhesion than quaternary ammonium containing poly(cPEA) primary films, more likely because of the higher hydrophilicity and density of cationic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Ignatova
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM) and Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B6, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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136
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Wei Q, Zhou W, Ji J, Shen J. Thermosensitive Nanocables Prepared by Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2009; 4:84-89. [PMID: 20592960 PMCID: PMC2893766 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-008-9206-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Thermosensitive nanocables consisting of Au nanowire cores and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) sheaths (denoted as Au/PNIPAAm) were synthesized by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). The formation of PNIPAAm sheath was verified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR) spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) results confirmed the core/shell structure of nanohybrids. The thickness and density of PNIPAAm sheaths can be adjusted by controlling the amount of cross-linker during the polymerization. Signature temperature response was observed from Au/cross-linked-PNIPAAm nanocables. Such smart nanocables show immense potentials as building blocks for novel thermosensitive nanodevices in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Wei
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Ji
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiacong Shen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China
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137
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Li L, Zhu Y, Li B, Gao C. Fabrication of thermoresponsive polymer gradients for study of cell adhesion and detachment. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:13632-9. [PMID: 18980353 DOI: 10.1021/la802556e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) gradient covalently anchored on a silicon substrate with a linear variation of thickness was fabricated by continuous injection of the reaction mixture (NIPAAm, CuBr and its ligand, methanol, and water) into a glass chamber containing a silicon wafer, whose surface had been homogeneously immobilized with bromoisobutyryl bromide (BIBB). Because of the good control of the surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) technique, the thickness of the PNIPAAm brushes was linearly proportional to the polymerization time. As a result, the gradient length and sharpness could be easily controlled by the experimental parameters such as the polymerization time and the injection rate. The as-prepared PNIPAAm gradients were characterized by ellipsometry, water contact angle, and atom force microscopy to detect their alteration of the thickness, surface wettability, and morphology, confirming the gradient structure. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the surface composition of the PNIPAAm. In vitro culture of HepG2 cells was implemented on the gradient surfaces, revealing that the cells could adhere at 37 degrees C and could be detached at 24 degrees C when the gradient thickness was in the range of 20-45 nm. The work thus develops a method to fabricate the stable gradient surface with better quality control, and clarifies in a facile manner the appropriate thickness of the PNIPAAm brushes in terms of cell adhesion and detachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhui Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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138
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Yang S, Kang K, Choi I. Biomimetic Approach to the Formation of Titanium Dioxide Thin Films by Using Poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate). Chem Asian J 2008; 3:2097-104. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200800185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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139
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Rahane SB, Kilbey SM, Metters AT. Kinetic Modeling of Surface-Initiated Photoiniferter-Mediated Photopolymerization in Presence of Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma702516w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh B. Rahane
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Center for Advanced Engineering Fibers and Films, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, and Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634
| | - S. Michael Kilbey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Center for Advanced Engineering Fibers and Films, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, and Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634
| | - Andrew T. Metters
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Center for Advanced Engineering Fibers and Films, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, and Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634
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140
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Rakhmatullina E, Mantion A, Bürgi T, Malinova V, Meier W. Solid-supported amphiphilic triblock copolymer membranes grafted from gold surface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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141
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Jain P, Dai J, Baker GL, Bruening ML. Rapid Synthesis of Functional Polymer Brushes by Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of an Acidic Monomer. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801297p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parul Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Jinhua Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Gregory L. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Merlin L. Bruening
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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142
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Khire VS, Lee TY, Bowman CN. Synthesis, Characterization and Cleavage of Surface-Bound Linear Polymers Formed Using Thiol−Ene Photopolymerizations. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma8008965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav S. Khire
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0424, and Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80045-0508
| | - Tai Yeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0424, and Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80045-0508
| | - Christopher N. Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0424, and Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80045-0508
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143
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Qian T, Li Y, Wu Y, Zheng B, Ma H. Superhydrophobic Poly(dimethylsiloxane) via Surface-Initiated Polymerization with Ultralow Initiator Density. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma800784z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tongcheng Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yuefang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yuanzi Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Hongwei Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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144
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Farquet P, Padeste C, Solak HH, Gürsel SA, Scherer GG, Wokaun A. Extreme UV Radiation Grafting of Glycidyl Methacrylate Nanostructures onto Fluoropolymer Foils by RAFT-Mediated Polymerization. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma800202b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Farquet
- Laboratory of Micro- and Nanotechnology and Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Celestino Padeste
- Laboratory of Micro- and Nanotechnology and Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Harun H. Solak
- Laboratory of Micro- and Nanotechnology and Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Selmiye Alkan Gürsel
- Laboratory of Micro- and Nanotechnology and Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Günther G. Scherer
- Laboratory of Micro- and Nanotechnology and Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Wokaun
- Laboratory of Micro- and Nanotechnology and Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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145
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Bruening ML, Dotzauer DM, Jain P, Ouyang L, Baker GL. Creation of functional membranes using polyelectrolyte multilayers and polymer brushes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:7663-73. [PMID: 18507420 DOI: 10.1021/la800179z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 15 years, the layer-by-layer deposition of polyelectrolytes and the growth of polymer brushes from surfaces have become established techniques for the formation of a wide range of thin films. This article discusses the use of these techniques in creating the skin layer of nanofiltration or gas-separation membranes and in functionalizing the interior of membranes for protein adsorption or catalysis. In the case of separation membranes for nanofiltration, the minimal thickness of layer-by-layer films allows for high flux, and the wide range of available polyelectrolytes that can form these films permits the tailoring of membranes for separations such as water softening, the reduction of F (-) concentrations, and the removal of dyes from wastewater. For gas separation, polymers grown from surfaces are more attractive than layer-by-layer coatings because most polyelectrolyte films are not highly gas-selective. Cross-linked poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) films grown from porous alumina exhibit CO(2)/CH(4) selectivities of around 20, and the careful selection of monomers should further improve the selectivity of similar membranes. Both layer-by-layer methods and polymer brushes can also be employed to modify the interior of membranes, and we have utilized these techniques to create catalysts, antibody arrays in membranes, and membrane absorbers for protein purification. Polymer brushes are particularly attractive because they allow the absorption of multilayers of protein to yield membranes with binding capacities as high as 150 mg protein/cm(3). Some challenges in the practical implementation of these systems, such as the economical formation of membranes using highly permeable polymeric supports, and future directions in research on membrane modification with multilayer films and polymer brushes are also discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin L Bruening
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
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146
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Yoon KR, Lee SM, Ramaraj B, Kim DP. Surface initiated-atom transfer radical polymerization of a sugar methacrylate on gold nanoparticles. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.2847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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147
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148
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Lindqvist J, Nyström D, Östmark E, Antoni P, Carlmark A, Johansson M, Hult A, Malmström E. Intelligent Dual-Responsive Cellulose Surfaces via Surface-Initiated ATRP. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:2139-45. [DOI: 10.1021/bm800193n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josefina Lindqvist
- Royal Institute of Technology, KTH School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Nyström
- Royal Institute of Technology, KTH School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Östmark
- Royal Institute of Technology, KTH School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Antoni
- Royal Institute of Technology, KTH School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Carlmark
- Royal Institute of Technology, KTH School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Johansson
- Royal Institute of Technology, KTH School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Hult
- Royal Institute of Technology, KTH School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Malmström
- Royal Institute of Technology, KTH School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
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149
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Gorman CB, Petrie RJ, Genzer J. Effect of Substrate Geometry on Polymer Molecular Weight and Polydispersity during Surface-Initiated Polymerization. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma8004857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B. Gorman
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-5079, and Departments of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905
| | - Randall J. Petrie
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-5079, and Departments of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905
| | - Jan Genzer
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-5079, and Departments of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905
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150
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He X, Yang W, Pei X. Preparation, Characterization, and Tunable Wettability of Poly(ionic liquid) Brushes via Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma702389y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P.R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Wu Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P.R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Pei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P.R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
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