101
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Choi Y, Moody IS, Sims PC, Hunt SR, Corso BL, Seitz DE, Blaszcazk LC, Collins PG, Weiss GA. Single-molecule dynamics of lysozyme processing distinguishes linear and cross-linked peptidoglycan substrates. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:2032-5. [PMID: 22239748 PMCID: PMC3271187 DOI: 10.1021/ja211540z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic processivity of individual T4 lysozyme molecules was monitored in the presence of either linear or cross-linked peptidoglycan substrates. Single-molecule monitoring was accomplished using a novel electronic technique in which lysozyme molecules were tethered to single-walled carbon nanotube field-effect transistors through pyrene linker molecules. The substrate-driven hinge-bending motions of lysozyme induced dynamic electronic signals in the underlying transistor, allowing long-term monitoring of the same molecule without the limitations of optical quenching or bleaching. For both substrates, lysozyme exhibited processive low turnover rates of 20-50 s(-1) and rapid (200-400 s(-1)) nonproductive motions. The latter nonproductive binding events occupied 43% of the enzyme's time in the presence of the cross-linked peptidoglycan but only 7% with the linear substrate. Furthermore, lysozyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds to the end of the linear substrate but appeared to sidestep the peptide cross-links to zigzag through the wild-type substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongki Choi
- Institute for Surface and Interface Science, Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, and Muroplex Therapeutics, Inc., 351 West 10th Street #355, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Issa S. Moody
- Institute for Surface and Interface Science, Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, and Muroplex Therapeutics, Inc., 351 West 10th Street #355, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Patrick C. Sims
- Institute for Surface and Interface Science, Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, and Muroplex Therapeutics, Inc., 351 West 10th Street #355, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Steven R. Hunt
- Institute for Surface and Interface Science, Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, and Muroplex Therapeutics, Inc., 351 West 10th Street #355, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Brad L. Corso
- Institute for Surface and Interface Science, Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, and Muroplex Therapeutics, Inc., 351 West 10th Street #355, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - David E. Seitz
- Institute for Surface and Interface Science, Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, and Muroplex Therapeutics, Inc., 351 West 10th Street #355, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Larry C. Blaszcazk
- Institute for Surface and Interface Science, Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, and Muroplex Therapeutics, Inc., 351 West 10th Street #355, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Philip G. Collins
- Institute for Surface and Interface Science, Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, and Muroplex Therapeutics, Inc., 351 West 10th Street #355, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Gregory A. Weiss
- Institute for Surface and Interface Science, Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, and Muroplex Therapeutics, Inc., 351 West 10th Street #355, Indianapolis, IN 46202
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102
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Long YZ, Yu M, Sun B, Gu CZ, Fan Z. Recent advances in large-scale assembly of semiconducting inorganic nanowires and nanofibers for electronics, sensors and photovoltaics. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:4560-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs15335a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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103
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Xi L, Hwee Chua K, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Xiong Q, Ming Lam Y. Controlled synthesis of CdE (E = S, Se and Te) nanowires. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20060k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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104
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Thanh Cong Nguyen, Qiu WZ, Skafidas E. Functionalized Nanowire-Based Antigen Detection Using Frequency-Based Signals. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2012; 59:213-8. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2011.2170424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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105
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Lieber CM. Semiconductor nanowires: A platform for nanoscience and nanotechnology. MRS BULLETIN 2011; 36:1052-1063. [PMID: 22707850 PMCID: PMC3375735 DOI: 10.1557/mrs.2011.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology critically depend on the development of nanostructures whose properties are controlled during synthesis. We focus on this critical concept using semiconductor nanowires, which provide the capability through design and rational synthesis to realize unprecedented structural and functional complexity in building blocks as a platform material. First, a brief review of the synthesis of complex modulated nanowires in which rational design and synthesis can be used to precisely control composition, structure, and, most recently, structural topology is discussed. Second, the unique functional characteristics emerging from our exquisite control of nanowire materials are illustrated using several selected examples from nanoelectronics and nano-enabled energy. Finally, the remarkable power of nanowire building blocks is further highlighted through their capability to create unprecedented, active electronic interfaces with biological systems. Recent work pushing the limits of both multiplexed extracellular recording at the single-cell level and the first examples of intracellular recording is described, as well as the prospects for truly blurring the distinction between nonliving nanoelectronic and living biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles M Lieber
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University;
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106
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Jenke MG, Lerose D, Niederberger C, Michler J, Christiansen S, Utke I. Toward local growth of individual nanowires on three-dimensional microstructures by using a minimally invasive catalyst templating method. NANO LETTERS 2011; 11:4213-4217. [PMID: 21899320 DOI: 10.1021/nl2021448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel minimally invasive postprocessing method for catalyst templating based on focused charged particle beam structuring, which enables a localized vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth of individual nanowires on prefabricated three-dimensional micro- and nanostructures. Gas-assisted focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID) was used to deposit a SiO(x) surface layer of about 10 × 10 μm(2) on top of a silicon atomic force microscopy cantilever. Gallium focused ion beam (FIB) milling was used to make a hole through the SiO(x) layer into the underlying silicon. The hole was locally filled with a gold catalyst via FEBID using either Me(2)Au(tfac) or Me(2)Au(acac) as precursor. Subsequent chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-induced VLS growth using a mixture of SiH(4) and Ar resulted in individual high quality crystalline nanowires. The process, its yield, and the resulting angular distribution/crystal orientation of the silicon nanowires are discussed. The presented combined FIB/FEBID/CVD-VLS process is currently the only proven method that enables the growth of individual monocrystalline Si nanowires on prestructured substrates and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Günter Jenke
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Feuerwerkerstr. 39, CH-3602 Thun, Switzerland
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107
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Sagle LB, Ruvuna LK, Ruemmele JA, Van Duyne RP. Advances in localized surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy biosensing. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:1447-62. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectroscopy advancements have made it a sensitive, flexible tool for probing biological interactions. Here, we describe the basic principles of this nanoparticle-based sensing technique, the ways nanoparticles can be tailored to optimize sensing, and examples of novel LSPR spectroscopy applications. These include detecting small molecules via protein conformational changes and resonance LSPR spectroscopy, as well as coupling LSPR with mass spectrometry to identify bound analytes. The last few sections highlight the advantages of single nanoparticle LSPR, in that it lowers limits of detection, allows multiplexing on the nanometer scale, and enables free diffusion of sensors in solution. The cases discussed herein illustrate creative ways that LSPR spectroscopy has been improved to achieve new sensing capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Sagle
- Northwestern University, Department of Chemistry, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113 USA
| | - Laura K Ruvuna
- Northwestern University, Department of Chemistry, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113 USA
| | - Julia A Ruemmele
- Northwestern University, Department of Chemistry, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113 USA
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108
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Xu X, Peng B, Li D, Zhang J, Wong LM, Zhang Q, Wang S, Xiong Q. Flexible visible-infrared metamaterials and their applications in highly sensitive chemical and biological sensing. NANO LETTERS 2011; 11:3232-3238. [PMID: 21696183 DOI: 10.1021/nl2014982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electronic and photonic devices have been demonstrated in the past decade, with significant promise in low-cost, light-weighted, transparent, biocompatible, and portable devices for a wide range of applications. Herein, we demonstrate a flexible metamaterial (Metaflex)-based photonic device operating in the visible-IR regime, which shows potential applications in high sensitivity strain, biological and chemical sensing. The metamaterial structure, consisting of split ring resonators (SRRs) of 30 nm thick Au or Ag, has been fabricated on poly(ethylene naphthalate) substrates with the least line width of ∼30 nm by electron beam lithography. The absorption resonances can be tuned from middle IR to visible range. The Ag U-shaped SRRs metamaterials exhibit an electric resonance of ∼542 nm and a magnetic resonance of ∼756 nm. Both the electric and magnetic resonance modes show highly sensitive responses to out-of-plane bending strain, surrounding dielectric media, and surface chemical environment. Due to the electric and magnetic field coupling, the magnetic response gives a sensitivity as high as 436 nm/RIU. Our Metaflex devices show superior responses with a shift of magnetic resonance of 4.5 nm/nM for nonspecific bovine serum albumin protein binding and 65 nm for a self-assembled monolayer of 2-naphthalenethiol, respectively, suggesting considerable promise in flexible and transparent photonic devices for chemical and biological sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Xu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
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109
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Niskanen AO, Colli A, White R, Li HW, Spigone E, Kivioja JM. Silicon nanowire arrays as learning chemical vapour classifiers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:295502. [PMID: 21673389 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/29/295502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanowire field-effect transistors are a promising class of devices for various sensing applications. Apart from detecting individual chemical or biological analytes, it is especially interesting to use multiple selective sensors to look at their collective response in order to perform classification into predetermined categories. We show that non-functionalised silicon nanowire arrays can be used to robustly classify different chemical vapours using simple statistical machine learning methods. We were able to distinguish between acetone, ethanol and water with 100% accuracy while methanol, ethanol and 2-propanol were classified with 96% accuracy in ambient conditions.
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110
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Makowski MS, Ivanisevic A. Molecular analysis of blood with micro-/nanoscale field-effect-transistor biosensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:1863-75. [PMID: 21638783 PMCID: PMC3876889 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and accurate molecular blood analysis is essential for disease diagnosis and management. Field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors are a type of device that promise to advance blood point-of-care testing by offering desirable characteristics such as portability, high sensitivity, brief detection time, low manufacturing cost, multiplexing, and label-free detection. By controlling device parameters, desired FET biosensor performance is obtained. This review focuses on the effects of sensing environment, micro-/nanoscale device structure, operation mode, and surface functionalization on device performance and long-term stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Makowski
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Material Science and Engineering North Carolina State University Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering NCSU/UNC-CH 911 Partner's Way Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Albena Ivanisevic
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Material Science and Engineering North Carolina State University Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering NCSU/UNC-CH 911 Partner's Way Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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111
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Arlett J, Myers E, Roukes M. Comparative advantages of mechanical biosensors. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 6:203-15. [PMID: 21441911 PMCID: PMC3839312 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2011.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical interactions are fundamental to biology. Mechanical forces of chemical origin determine motility and adhesion on the cellular scale, and govern transport and affinity on the molecular scale. Biological sensing in the mechanical domain provides unique opportunities to measure forces, displacements and mass changes from cellular and subcellular processes. Nanomechanical systems are particularly well matched in size with molecular interactions, and provide a basis for biological probes with single-molecule sensitivity. Here we review micro- and nanoscale biosensors, with a particular focus on fast mechanical biosensing in fluid by mass- and force-based methods, and the challenges presented by non-specific interactions. We explain the general issues that will be critical to the success of any type of next-generation mechanical biosensor, such as the need to improve intrinsic device performance, fabrication reproducibility and system integration. We also discuss the need for a greater understanding of analyte-sensor interactions on the nanoscale and of stochastic processes in the sensing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M.L. Roukes
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute and Departments of Physics, Applied Physics, and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, MC 149-33 Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
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112
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Carr ST, Narozhny BN, Nersesyan AA. Effect of a local perturbation in a fermionic ladder. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:126805. [PMID: 21517341 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.126805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We study the effect of a local external potential on a system of two parallel spin-polarized nanowires placed close to each other. For single-channel nanowires with repulsive interaction we find that transport properties of the system are highly sensitive to the transverse gradient of the perturbation: the asymmetric part completely reflects the electrons leading to vanishing conductance at zero temperature, while the flat potential remains transparent. We envisage a possible application of this unusual property in the sensitive measurement of local potential field gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam T Carr
- Institut für Theorie der Kondensierten Materie and DFG Center for Functional Nanostructures, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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