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Heiss EH, Liu R, Waltenberger B, Khan S, Schachner D, Kollmann P, Zimmermann K, Cabaravdic M, Uhrin P, Stuppner H, Breuss JM, Atanasov AG, Dirsch VM. Plumericin inhibits proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells by blocking STAT3 signaling via S-glutathionylation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20771. [PMID: 26858089 PMCID: PMC4746734 DOI: 10.1038/srep20771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of atherosclerosis and restenosis involves aberrant inflammation and proliferation, rendering compounds with both anti-inflammatory and anti-mitogenic properties as promising candidates for combatting vascular diseases. A recent study identified the iridoid plumericin as a new scaffold inhibitor of the pro-inflammatory NF-κB pathway in endothelial cells. We here examined the impact of plumericin on the proliferation of primary vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Plumericin inhibited serum-stimulated proliferation of rat VSMC. It arrested VSMC in the G1/G0-phase of the cell cycle accompanied by abrogated cyclin D1 expression and hindered Ser 807/811-phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein. Transient depletion of glutathione by the electrophilic plumericin led to S-glutathionylation as well as hampered Tyr705-phosphorylation and activation of the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3). Exogenous addition of glutathione markedly prevented this inhibitory effect of plumericin on Stat3. It also overcame downregulation of cyclin D1 expression and the reduction of biomass increase upon serum exposure. This study revealed an anti-proliferative property of plumericin towards VSMC which depends on plumericin's thiol reactivity and S-glutathionylation of Stat3. Hence, plumericin, by targeting at least two culprits of vascular dysfunction -inflammation and smooth muscle cell proliferation -might become a promising electrophilic lead compound for vascular disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke H Heiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rongxia Liu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Waltenberger
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmacognosy) and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Shafaat Khan
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Daniel Schachner
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Kollmann
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristin Zimmermann
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Muris Cabaravdic
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pavel Uhrin
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmacognosy) and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes M Breuss
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena M Dirsch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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102
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Xu J, Kang J, Sun X, Cao X, Rena K, Lee D, Ren Q, Li S, Ohizumi Y, Guo Y. Di- and Triterpenoids from the Leaves of Casearia balansae and Neurite Outgrowth Promoting Effects of PC12 Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:170-179. [PMID: 26699618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A bioassay-guided phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Casearia balansae led to the isolation of six new cucurbitane-type triterpenoid derivatives (balanterpenes A-F, 1-6) and four new clerdoane-type diterpenoids (balanterpenes G-J, 7-10). The structures of 1-10 were established on the basis of extensive analysis of NMR spectroscopic data, X-ray crystallography, and experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. Compound 1 features a ring-expanded triterpenoid skeleton with the C-19 methyl involved in the ring formation, compound 6 possesses a rare hexanortriterpenoid scaffold, and compounds 7-10 may be four new diterpenoid artifacts presumably formed during the extraction and purification processes. Compounds 3 and 7-10 showed promoting effects on neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells with EC50 values in the range 2.9-10.0 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kasimu Rena
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University , Urumuqi 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongho Lee
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University , Seoul 136-713, Korea
| | | | | | - Yasushi Ohizumi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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103
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Xiao Z, Morris-Natschke SL, Lee KH. Strategies for the Optimization of Natural Leads to Anticancer Drugs or Drug Candidates. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:32-91. [PMID: 26359649 PMCID: PMC4679534 DOI: 10.1002/med.21377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have made significant contribution to cancer chemotherapy over the past decades and remain an indispensable source of molecular and mechanistic diversity for anticancer drug discovery. More often than not, natural products may serve as leads for further drug development rather than as effective anticancer drugs by themselves. Generally, optimization of natural leads into anticancer drugs or drug candidates should not only address drug efficacy, but also improve absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profiles and chemical accessibility associated with the natural leads. Optimization strategies involve direct chemical manipulation of functional groups, structure-activity relationship directed optimization and pharmacophore-oriented molecular design based on the natural templates. Both fundamental medicinal chemistry principles (e.g., bioisosterism) and state-of-the-art computer-aided drug design techniques (e.g., structure-based design) can be applied to facilitate optimization efforts. In this review, the strategies to optimize natural leads to anticancer drugs or drug candidates are illustrated with examples and described according to their purposes. Furthermore, successful case studies on lead optimization of bioactive compounds performed in the Natural Products Research Laboratories at UNC are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Susan L. Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, USA
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, USA
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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104
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Tan GY, Deng Z, Liu T. Recent advances in the elucidation of enzymatic function in natural product biosynthesis. F1000Res 2015; 4. [PMID: 26989472 PMCID: PMC4784017 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.7187.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
With the successful production of artemisinic acid in yeast, the promising potential of synthetic biology for natural product biosynthesis is now being realized. The recent total biosynthesis of opioids in microbes is considered to be another landmark in this field. The importance and significance of enzymes in natural product biosynthetic pathways have been re-emphasized by these advancements. Therefore, the characterization and elucidation of enzymatic function in natural product biosynthesis are undoubtedly fundamental for the development of new drugs and the heterologous biosynthesis of active natural products. Here, discoveries regarding enzymatic function in natural product biosynthesis over the past year are briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Yi Tan
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, China; Hubei Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Microbiology, Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tiangang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, China; Hubei Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Microbiology, Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan, China
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105
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Atanasov AG, Waltenberger B, Pferschy-Wenzig EM, Linder T, Wawrosch C, Uhrin P, Temml V, Wang L, Schwaiger S, Heiss EH, Rollinger JM, Schuster D, Breuss JM, Bochkov V, Mihovilovic MD, Kopp B, Bauer R, Dirsch VM, Stuppner H. Discovery and resupply of pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1582-1614. [PMID: 26281720 PMCID: PMC4748402 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1310] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have historically proven their value as a source of molecules with therapeutic potential, and nowadays still represent an important pool for the identification of novel drug leads. In the past decades, pharmaceutical industry focused mainly on libraries of synthetic compounds as drug discovery source. They are comparably easy to produce and resupply, and demonstrate good compatibility with established high throughput screening (HTS) platforms. However, at the same time there has been a declining trend in the number of new drugs reaching the market, raising renewed scientific interest in drug discovery from natural sources, despite of its known challenges. In this survey, a brief outline of historical development is provided together with a comprehensive overview of used approaches and recent developments relevant to plant-derived natural product drug discovery. Associated challenges and major strengths of natural product-based drug discovery are critically discussed. A snapshot of the advanced plant-derived natural products that are currently in actively recruiting clinical trials is also presented. Importantly, the transition of a natural compound from a "screening hit" through a "drug lead" to a "marketed drug" is associated with increasingly challenging demands for compound amount, which often cannot be met by re-isolation from the respective plant sources. In this regard, existing alternatives for resupply are also discussed, including different biotechnology approaches and total organic synthesis. While the intrinsic complexity of natural product-based drug discovery necessitates highly integrated interdisciplinary approaches, the reviewed scientific developments, recent technological advances, and research trends clearly indicate that natural products will be among the most important sources of new drugs also in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanas G. Atanasov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Waltenberger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Pferschy-Wenzig
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Linder
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-OC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Wawrosch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Pavel Uhrin
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Temml
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Limei Wang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Schwaiger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elke H. Heiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith M. Rollinger
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes M. Breuss
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Valery Bochkov
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 46/III, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Marko D. Mihovilovic
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-OC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Brigitte Kopp
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Verena M. Dirsch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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106
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The relevance of pharmacognosy in pharmacological research on herbal medicinal products. Epilepsy Behav 2015; 52:344-62. [PMID: 26169932 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
As all medicines, herbal medicinal products are expected to be safe, effective, and of appropriate quality. However, regulations on herbal medicinal products vary from country to country, and herbal preparations do occur not only in the form of medicinal products but also as less strictly regulated product groups like dietary supplements. Therefore, it is not always easy for the consumers to discriminate high-quality products from low-quality products. On the other hand, herbal medicines have many special features that distinguish them from conventional medicinal products. Plants are complex multicomponent mixtures; in addition, their phytochemical composition is not constant because of inherent variability and a plethora of external influences. Therefore, the production process of an herbal medicinal product needs to be strictly monitored. First of all, the starting materials need to be correctly authenticated and free of adulterants and contaminants. During plant growth, many factors like harvest season and time, developmental stage, temperature, and humidity have a strong impact on plant metabolite production. Also, postharvest processing steps like drying and storage can significantly alter the phytochemical composition of herbal material. As the production of many phytopharmaceuticals includes an extraction step, the extraction solvent and conditions need to be optimized in order to enrich the bioactive constituents in the extract. The quality of finished preparations needs to be determined either on the basis of marker constituents or on the basis of analytical fingerprints. Thus, all production stages should be accompanied by appropriate quality assessment measures. Depending on the particular task, different methods need to be applied, ranging from macroscopic, microscopic, and DNA-based authentication methods to spectroscopic methods like vibrational spectroscopy and chromatographic and hyphenated methods like HPLC, GC-MS and LC-MS. Also, when performing pharmacological and toxicological studies, many features inherent in herbal medicinal products need to be considered in order to guarantee valid results: concerning in vitro studies, difficulties are often related to lacking knowledge of ADME characteristics of the bioactive constituents, nuisance compounds producing false positive and false negative results, and solubility problems. In in vivo animal studies, the route of administration is a very important issue. Clinical trials on herbal medicinal products in humans very often suffer from a poor reporting quality. This often hampers or precludes the pooling of clinical data for systematic reviews. In order to overcome this problem, appropriate documentation standards for clinical trials on herbal medicinal products have been defined in an extension of the CONSORT checklist. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Botanicals for Epilepsy".
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107
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Bisson J, McAlpine JB, Friesen JB, Chen SN, Graham J, Pauli GF. Can Invalid Bioactives Undermine Natural Product-Based Drug Discovery? J Med Chem 2015; 59:1671-90. [PMID: 26505758 PMCID: PMC4791574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
![]()
High-throughput biology has contributed
a wealth of data on chemicals,
including natural products (NPs). Recently, attention was drawn to
certain, predominantly synthetic, compounds that are responsible for
disproportionate percentages of hits but are false actives. Spurious
bioassay interference led to their designation as pan-assay interference
compounds (PAINS). NPs lack comparable scrutiny,
which this study aims to rectify. Systematic mining of 80+ years of
the phytochemistry and biology literature, using the NAPRALERT database,
revealed that only 39 compounds represent the NPs most reported by
occurrence, activity, and distinct activity. Over 50% are not explained
by phenomena known for synthetic libraries, and all had manifold ascribed
bioactivities, designating them as invalid metabolic panaceas (IMPs). Cumulative
distributions of ∼200,000 NPs uncovered that NP research follows
power-law characteristics typical for behavioral phenomena. Projection
into occurrence–bioactivity–effort space produces the
hyperbolic black hole of NPs, where IMPs populate the high-effort
base.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J Brent Friesen
- Physical Sciences Department, Rosary College of Arts and Sciences, Dominican University , River Forest, Illinois 60305, United States
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108
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Indirubin and Indirubin Derivatives for Counteracting Proliferative Diseases. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:654098. [PMID: 26457112 PMCID: PMC4589628 DOI: 10.1155/2015/654098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Indirubin is the active component of Danggui Longhui Wan, a traditional Chinese medicine formulation. The encouraging clinical results from the 1980s obtained in chronic myelocytic leukemia patients treated with indirubin stimulated numerous studies on this compound. These investigations explored the use of indirubin in different types of cancer and reported the synthesis of novel derivatives with improved chemical and pharmacokinetic properties. In this paper, we review the impressive progress that has been made in elucidating the mechanistic understanding of how indirubin and its derivatives affect physiological and pathophysiological processes, mainly by inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of cell death. Furthermore, we survey the therapeutic use of these compounds in combating proliferative diseases such as cancer, restenosis, and psoriasis.
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109
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Noncovich A, Ung J, Patron A. Total synthesis of the novel benzophenone NP-011694. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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110
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Hegazy MEF, Mohamed TA, Alhammady MA, Shaheen AM, Reda EH, Elshamy AI, Aziz M, Paré PW. Molecular architecture and biomedical leads of terpenes from red sea marine invertebrates. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:3154-81. [PMID: 26006713 PMCID: PMC4446624 DOI: 10.3390/md13053154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine invertebrates including sponges, soft coral, tunicates, mollusks and bryozoan have proved to be a prolific source of bioactive natural products. Among marine-derived metabolites, terpenoids have provided a vast array of molecular architectures. These isoprenoid-derived metabolites also exhibit highly specialized biological activities ranging from nerve regeneration to blood-sugar regulation. As a result, intense research activity has been devoted to characterizing invertebrate terpenes from both a chemical and biological standpoint. This review focuses on the chemistry and biology of terpene metabolites isolated from the Red Sea ecosystem, a unique marine biome with one of the highest levels of biodiversity and specifically rich in invertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elamir F Hegazy
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth st., Dokki, Giza, P.O. Box 12622, Egypt.
| | - Tarik A Mohamed
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth st., Dokki, Giza, P.O. Box 12622, Egypt.
| | - Montaser A Alhammady
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Red Sea Branch, Hurghada 84511, Egypt.
| | - Alaa M Shaheen
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth st., Dokki, Giza, P.O. Box 12622, Egypt.
| | - Eman H Reda
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth st., Dokki, Giza, P.O. Box 12622, Egypt.
| | - Abdelsamed I Elshamy
- Natural Compounds Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth st. (former El Tahrir st.) Dokki, Giza, P.O. Box 12622, Egypt.
| | - Mina Aziz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Paul W Paré
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
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111
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Liu R, Heiss EH, Sider N, Schinkovitz A, Gröblacher B, Guo D, Bucar F, Bauer R, Dirsch VM, Atanasov AG. Identification and characterization of [6]-shogaol from ginger as inhibitor of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:843-52. [PMID: 25631547 PMCID: PMC4573514 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, making the identification of new counteracting agents and their mechanisms of action relevant. Ginger and its constituents have been reported to improve cardiovascular health, but no studies exist addressing a potential interference with VSMC proliferation. METHODS AND RESULTS The dichloromethane extract of ginger inhibited VSMC proliferation when monitored by resazurin metabolic conversion (IC50 = 2.5 μg/mL). The examination of major constituents from ginger yielded [6]-shogaol as the most active compound (IC50 = 2.7 μM). In the tested concentration range [6]-shogaol did not exhibit cytotoxicity toward VSMC and did not interfere with endothelial cell proliferation. [6]-shogaol inhibited DNA synthesis and induced accumulation of the VSMC in the G0 /G1 cell-cycle phase accompanied with activation of the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/HO-1 pathway. Since [6]-shogaol lost its antiproliferative activity in the presence of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor tin protoporphyrin IX, HO-1 induction appears to contribute to the antiproliferative effect. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates for the first time inhibitory potential of ginger constituents on VSMC proliferation. The presented data suggest that [6]-shogaol exerts its antiproliferative effect through accumulation of cells in the G0 /G1 cell-cycle phase associated with activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxia Liu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
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112
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Ng BLN, Omarzuki M, Lau GSK, Pannell CM, Yeo TC. A nucleotide signature for identification of Aglaia stellatopilosa Pannell. Mol Biotechnol 2015; 56:671-9. [PMID: 24623047 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-014-9746-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Members of the genus Aglaia have been reported to contain bioactive phytochemicals. The genus, belonging to the Meliaceae family, is represented by at least 120 known species of woody trees or shrubs in the tropical rain forest. As some of these species are very similar in their morphology, taxonomic identification can be difficult. A reliable and definitive molecular method which can identify Aglaia to the level of the species will hence be useful in comparing the content of specific bioactive compounds between the species of this genus. Here, we report the analysis of DNA sequences in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA and the observation of a unique nucleotide signature in the ITS that can be used for the identification of Aglaia stellatopilosa. The nucleotide signature consists of nine bases over the length of the ITS sequence (654 bp). This uniqueness was validated in 37 samples identified as Aglaia stellatopilosa by an expert taxonomist, whereas the nucleotide signature was lacking in a selection of other Aglaia species and non-Aglaia genera. This finding suggests that molecular typing could be utilized in the identification of Aglaia stellatopilosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Ling Nah Ng
- Sarawak Biodiversity Centre, KM20, Jalan Borneo Heights, Semengoh, Locked Bag No. 3032, 93990, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
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113
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Liu R, Heiss EH, Guo D, Dirsch VM, Atanasov AG. Capsaicin from chili ( Capsicum spp.) inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. F1000Res 2015; 4:26. [PMID: 25685327 PMCID: PMC4314658 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.6007.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accelerated vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is implied in cardiovascular disease and significantly contributes to vessel lumen reduction following surgical interventions such as percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or bypass surgery. Therefore, identification and characterization of compounds and mechanisms able to counteract VSMC proliferation is of potential therapeutic relevance. This work reveals the anti-proliferative effect of the natural product capsaicin from
Capsicum spp. by quantification of metabolic activity and DNA synthesis in activated VSMC. The observed
in vitro activity profile of capsaicin warrants further research on its mechanism of action and potential for therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxia Liu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria ; Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Elke H Heiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dean Guo
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Verena M Dirsch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Licochalcone-A induces intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis via ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation-mediated TRAIL expression in head and neck squamous carcinoma FaDu cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 77:34-43. [PMID: 25572524 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated Licochalcone-A (Lico-A)-induced apoptosis and the pathway underlying its activity in a pharyngeal squamous carcinoma FaDu cell line. Lico-A purified from root of Glycyrrhiza inflata had cytotoxic effects, significantly increasing cell death in FaDu cells. Using a cell viability assay, we determined that the IC50 value of Lico-A in FaDu cells was approximately 100 µM. Chromatin condensation was observed in FaDu cells treated with Lico-A for 24 h. Consistent with this finding, the number of apoptotic cells increased in a time-dependent manner when FaDu cells were treated with Lico-A. TRAIL was significantly up-regulated in Lico-A-treated FaDu cells in a dose-dependent manner. Apoptotic factors such as caspases and PARP were subsequently activated in a caspase-dependent manner. In addition, levels of pro-apoptotic factors increased significantly in response to Lico-A treatment, while levels of anti-apoptotic factors decreased. Lico-A-induced TRAIL expression was mediated in part by a MAPK signaling pathway involving ERK1/2 and p38. In xenograft mouse model, Lico-A treatment effectively suppressed the growth of FaDu cell xenografts by activating caspase-3, without affecting the body weight of mice. Taken together, these data suggest that Lico-A has potential chemopreventive effects and should therefore be developed as a chemotherapeutic agent for pharyngeal squamous carcinoma.
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115
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Marchal A, Génin E, Waffo-Téguo P, Bibès A, Da Costa G, Mérillon JM, Dubourdieu D. Development of an analytical methodology using Fourier transform mass spectrometry to discover new structural analogs of wine natural sweeteners. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 853:425-434. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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116
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Spatafora C, Barresi V, Bhusainahalli VM, Di Micco S, Musso N, Riccio R, Bifulco G, Condorelli D, Tringali C. Bio-inspired benzo[k,l]xanthene lignans: synthesis, DNA-interaction and antiproliferative properties. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:2686-701. [PMID: 24647864 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42521e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work twelve benzo[k,l]xanthene lignans were synthesized by biomimetic, Mn-mediated oxidative coupling of caffeic esters and amides. These compounds, bearing different flexible pendants at position C1/C2 of the aromatic core, interact with DNA in a dual mode, as confirmed by DF-STD NMR analysis and molecular docking: the planar core acts as a base pair intercalant, whereas the flexible pendants act as minor groove binders. Their antiproliferative activity was evaluated on a panel of six tumor cell lines: HT-29, Caco-2, HCT-116 (human colon carcinoma), H226, A549 (human lung carcinoma), and SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma). All compounds under study, except 29, resulted in activity against one or more cell lines, and the markedly lipophilic esters 13 and 28 showed the highest activity. Compound 13 was more active than the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) towards HCT-116 (colon, GI50 = 3.16 μM) and H226 (lung, GI50 = 4.33 μM) cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Spatafora
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy.
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117
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Pérez LB, Still PC, Naman CB, Ren Y, Pan L, Chai HB, Carcache de Blanco EJ, Ninh TN, Van Thanh B, Swanson SM, Soejarto DD, Kinghorn AD. Investigation of Vietnamese plants for potential anticancer agents. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2014; 13:727-739. [PMID: 25395897 PMCID: PMC4225705 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-014-9335-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Higher plants continue to afford humankind with many new drugs, for a variety of disease types. In this review, recent phytochemical and biological progress is presented for part of a collaborative multi-institutional project directed towards the discovery of new antitumor agents. The specific focus is on bioactive natural products isolated and characterized structurally from tropical plants collected in Vietnam. The plant collection, identification, and processing steps are described, and the natural products isolated from these species are summarized with their biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynette Bueno Pérez
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12 Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Patrick C Still
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12 Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - C Benjamin Naman
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12 Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yulin Ren
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12 Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Li Pan
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12 Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hee-Byung Chai
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12 Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - Tran Ngoc Ninh
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bui Van Thanh
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Steven M Swanson
- College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Djaja D Soejarto
- College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. Department of Botany, Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - A Douglas Kinghorn
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12 Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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118
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Chen Y, Li M, Liu J, Yan Q, Zhong M, Liu J, Di D, Liu J. Simultaneous determination of the content of isoquinoline alkaloids inDicranostigma leptopodum(Maxim) Fedde and the effective fractionation of the alkaloids by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. J Sep Sci 2014; 38:9-17. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yali Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou PR China
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry; School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University; Lanzhou PR China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou PR China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- University hospital of Gansu Traditional Chinese Medicine; Lanzhou PR China
| | - Qian Yan
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou PR China
| | - Mei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou PR China
| | - Junxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou PR China
| | - Duolong Di
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou PR China
| | - Jinxia Liu
- Institute of Biology; Gansu Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou PR China
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119
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Antiproliferative effects of methanolic extracts of Cryptocarya concinna Hance roots on oral cancer Ca9-22 and CAL 27 cell lines involving apoptosis, ROS induction, and mitochondrial depolarization. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:180462. [PMID: 25379520 PMCID: PMC4213999 DOI: 10.1155/2014/180462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptocarya-derived natural products were reported to have several biological effects such as the antiproliferation of some cancers. The possible antioral cancer effect of Cryptocarya-derived substances was little addressed as yet. In this study, we firstly used the methanolic extracts of C. concinna Hance roots (MECCrt) to evaluate its potential function in antioral cancer bioactivity. We found that MECCrt significantly reduced cell viability of two oral cancer Ca9-22 and CAL 27 cell lines in dose-responsive manners (P < 0.01). The percentages of sub-G1 phase and annexin V-positive of MECCrt-treated Ca9-22 and CAL 27 cell lines significantly accumulated (P < 0.01) in a dose-responsive manner as evidenced by flow cytometry. These apoptotic effects were associated with the findings that intracellular ROS generation was induced in MECCrt-treated Ca9-22 and CAL 27 cell lines in dose-responsive and time-dependent manners (P < 0.01). In a dose-responsive manner, MECCrt also significantly reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential in these two cell lines (P < 0.01–0.05). In conclusion, we demonstrated that MECCrt may have antiproliferative potential against oral cancer cells involving apoptosis, ROS generation, and mitochondria membrane depolarization.
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120
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Suleiman MM, Mamman M, Hassan I, Garba S, Kawu MU, Kobo PI. Antidiarrhoeal effect of the crude methanol extract of the dried fruit of Adansonia digitata L. (Malvaceae). Vet World 2014. [DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.496-500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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121
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Chideh S, Pilard S, Attoumbré J, Saguez R, Hassan-Abdallah A, Cailleu D, Wadouachi A, Baltora-Rosset S. 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid from Solanum somalense leaves: advantage of centrifugal partition chromatography over conventional column chromatography. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2331-9. [PMID: 24962011 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Solanum somalense leaves, used in Djibouti for their medicinal properties, were extracted by MeOH. Because of the high polyphenol and flavonoid contents of the extract, respectively, determined at 80.80 ± 2.13 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight and 24.4 ± 1.01 mg quercetin equivalent/g dry weight, the isolation and purification of the main polyphenols were carried out by silica gel column chromatography and centrifugal partition chromatography. Column chromatography led to 11 enriched fractions requiring further purification, while centrifugal partition chromatography allowed the easy recovery of the main compound of the extract. In a solvent system composed of CHCl3/MeOH/H2O (9.5:10:5), 21.8 mg of this compound at 97% purity was obtained leading to a yield of 2.63%. Its structure was established as 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. This work shows that S. somalense leaves contain very high level of 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid (0.74% dry weight), making it a potential source of production of this secondary metabolite that is not commonly found in nature but could be partly responsible of the medicinal properties of S. somalense leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saïda Chideh
- EDYSAN FRE 3498 CNRS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR de Pharmacie, Amiens Cedex, France; Centre de Recherche, Université de Djibouti, Avenue Georges Clémenceau, Djibouti
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122
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Ho BY, Lin CH, Apaya MK, Chao WW, Shyur LF. Silibinin and Paclitaxel Cotreatment Significantly Suppress the Activity and Lung Metastasis of Triple Negative 4T1 Mammary Tumor Cell in Mice. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 2:301-11. [PMID: 24716145 PMCID: PMC3942908 DOI: 10.1016/s2225-4110(16)30116-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro and in vivo bioactivities of silibinin (SB), paclitaxel (PTX) and SB and PTX in combination (SB+PTX) against murine metastatic mammary 4T1 cancer cell line were investigated. Isobologram and combination index (CI) analyses showed that SB and PTX can function synergistically in the inhibition of 4T1 cell proliferation with a CI value < 1. Both SB and PTX alone or SB+PTX treatment inhibited 4T1 cell migration and motility possibly through downregulation of the serpin protease nexin-1 (PN-1) and N-cadherin expression, inhibition of matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-9 activity, and upregulation of E-cadherin. Flow cytometry and Western blot analyses demonstrated that both drugs deregulated cell-cycle mediators and induced apoptosis in 4T1 cells. A real-time in vivo bioluminescence imaging system to monitor the breast cancer cell metastasis in syngeneic BALB/c mice was established using a stable 4T1pGL-COX-2/Luc cell clone carrying a COX-2 promoter driven-luciferase reporter gene. In vivo study using the allograft 4T1pGL-COX-2/Luc metastatic mouse model indicated that SB co-treated with PTX can significantly suppress lung metastasis of 4T1 cells likely through inhibiting cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Together, this study demonstrates that SB could act synergistically with PTX in 4T1 cells, providing a therapeutic option for highly metastatic triple negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Ying Ho
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan ; Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | | | - Wen-Wan Chao
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Lie-Fen Shyur
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan ; Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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123
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Rateb ME, Hassan HM, Arafa ESA, Jaspars M, Ebel R. Decorosides A and B, Cytotoxic Flavonoid Glycosides from the Leaves of Rhododendron decorum. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400900410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioassay and NMR-guided fractionation of the methanolic extract of Rhododendron decorum leaves resulted in the isolation of two new flavonoid glycosides, 5,7-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethyldihydroflavanone-7-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl(l→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (decoroside A, 1) and its 3-hydroxy congener (decoroside B, 2), along with five known compounds myricitrin (3), afzelin (4), (-)-epicatechin (5), (+)-catechin (6), and ampeloptin (7). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by extensive interpretation of their spectral data. Biological evaluation using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay revealed promising cytotoxic activities of these compounds against different cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa E. Rateb
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland, U.K
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef62511, Egypt
| | - Hossam M. Hassan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef62511, Egypt
| | - El-Shaimaa A. Arafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Marcel Jaspars
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland, U.K
| | - Rainer Ebel
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland, U.K
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Grafahrend-Belau E, Junker A, Eschenröder A, Müller J, Schreiber F, Junker BH. Multiscale metabolic modeling: dynamic flux balance analysis on a whole-plant scale. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 163:637-47. [PMID: 23926077 PMCID: PMC3793045 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.224006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant metabolism is characterized by a unique complexity on the cellular, tissue, and organ levels. On a whole-plant scale, changing source and sink relations accompanying plant development add another level of complexity to metabolism. With the aim of achieving a spatiotemporal resolution of source-sink interactions in crop plant metabolism, a multiscale metabolic modeling (MMM) approach was applied that integrates static organ-specific models with a whole-plant dynamic model. Allowing for a dynamic flux balance analysis on a whole-plant scale, the MMM approach was used to decipher the metabolic behavior of source and sink organs during the generative phase of the barley (Hordeum vulgare) plant. It reveals a sink-to-source shift of the barley stem caused by the senescence-related decrease in leaf source capacity, which is not sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of sink organs such as the growing seed. The MMM platform represents a novel approach for the in silico analysis of metabolism on a whole-plant level, allowing for a systemic, spatiotemporally resolved understanding of metabolic processes involved in carbon partitioning, thus providing a novel tool for studying yield stability and crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - André Eschenröder
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research Gatersleben, D–06466 Gatersleben, Germany (E.G.-B., A.J., F.S., B.H.J.)
- Institute of Computer Science (F.S.), Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences (A.E., J.M.), and Institute of Pharmacy (B.H.J.), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D–06120 Halle, Germany; and
- Clayton School of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (F.S.)
| | - Johannes Müller
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research Gatersleben, D–06466 Gatersleben, Germany (E.G.-B., A.J., F.S., B.H.J.)
- Institute of Computer Science (F.S.), Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences (A.E., J.M.), and Institute of Pharmacy (B.H.J.), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D–06120 Halle, Germany; and
- Clayton School of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (F.S.)
| | - Falk Schreiber
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research Gatersleben, D–06466 Gatersleben, Germany (E.G.-B., A.J., F.S., B.H.J.)
- Institute of Computer Science (F.S.), Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences (A.E., J.M.), and Institute of Pharmacy (B.H.J.), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D–06120 Halle, Germany; and
- Clayton School of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (F.S.)
| | - Björn H. Junker
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research Gatersleben, D–06466 Gatersleben, Germany (E.G.-B., A.J., F.S., B.H.J.)
- Institute of Computer Science (F.S.), Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences (A.E., J.M.), and Institute of Pharmacy (B.H.J.), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D–06120 Halle, Germany; and
- Clayton School of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (F.S.)
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Kogure T, Kinghorn AD, Yan I, Bolon B, Lucas DM, Grever MR, Patel T. Therapeutic potential of the translation inhibitor silvestrol in hepatocellular cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76136. [PMID: 24086701 PMCID: PMC3784426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Although hepatocellular cancers (HCC) frequently arise in the setting of fibrosis and a hepatic regenerative response requiring new cell growth, therapeutic strategies for these cancers have not targeted protein synthesis. Silvestrol, a rocaglate isolated from Aglaiafoveolata, can inhibit protein synthesis by modulating the initiation of translation through the eukaryotic initiation factor 4A. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of silvestrol for HCC. METHODS The efficacy of silvestrol was examined using human HCC cells in vitro using an orthotopic tumor cell xenograft model in a fibrotic liver. The impact of silvestrol on the liver was assessed in vivo in wild-type mice. RESULTS Silvestrol inhibited cell growth with an IC50 of 12.5-86 nM in four different HCC cell lines. In vitro, silvestrol increased apoptosis and caspase 3/7 activity accompanied by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased expression of Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL. A synergistic effect was observed when silvestrol was combined with other therapeutic agents, with a dose-reduction index of 3.42-fold with sorafenib and 1.75-fold with rapamycin at a fractional effect of 0.5. In vivo, an antitumor effect was observed with 0.4 mg/kg silvestrol compared to controls after one week, and survival of tumor-bearing mice was improved with a median survival time of 42 and 28 days in the silvestrol and control groups, respectively. The effect on survival was not observed in orthotopic xenografts in non-fibrotic livers. Silvestrol treatment in vivo did not alter liver structure. CONCLUSIONS These data identify silvestrol as a novel, structurally unique drug with potent anticancer activity for HCC and support the potential value of targeting initiation of translation in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Kogure
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Departments of Transplantation and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - A. Douglas Kinghorn
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Irene Yan
- Departments of Transplantation and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Brad Bolon
- Comparative Pathology and Mouse Phenotyping Shared Resource, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - David M. Lucas
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Grever
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Tushar Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Departments of Transplantation and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zhang L, Feng X, Ma D, Yang J, Jiang H, Zhang Y, He W. Brusatol isolated from Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. induces apoptotic death of insect cell lines. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 107:18-24. [PMID: 25149230 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. is a medicine plant distributed widely throughout Asia where its bitter fruits have been used traditionally in medicine for treating various ailments and controlling some pests. In recent years, concerns over the potential impact of synthetic pesticides on human health and environment have now become more pressing to develop environmentally friendly pesticides. In this paper, brusatol, a quassinoid, was isolated from the fruit of B. javanica, and identified using X-ray crystallographic analysis. Results showed that brusatol has potent contact toxicity (LD50, 2.91 μg/larva, 72 h) and anfieedant activity (AFC50, 17.4 mg/L, 48 h) against the third-instar larvae of Spodoptera exigua. Brusatol demonstrated cytotoxic effects to the tested insect cell lines, IOZCAS-Spex-II and Sf21, in a time- and dose-dependent manner. After brusatol treatment, apoptotic cell death with the DNA fragmentation, activation of caspase-3 and release of cytochrome c was preliminarily observed in both IOZCAS-Spex-II and Sf21. These results indicated the existence of apoptotic death with the mitochondrial-dependent pathway induced by brusatol in Sf21 and IOZCAS-Spex-II cell lines. Our studies will provide important knowledge to understand mechanisms of action of brusatol and to develop brusatol and its derivatives as insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xuehuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Dejun Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Hongyun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Yanning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Weizhi He
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
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Pinho BR, Ferreres F, Valentão P, Andrade PB. Nature as a source of metabolites with cholinesterase-inhibitory activity: an approach to Alzheimer's disease treatment. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 65:1681-700. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, being responsible for high healthcare costs and familial hardships. Despite the efforts of researchers, no treatment able to delay or stop AD progress exists. Currently, the available treatments are only symptomatic, cholinesterase inhibitors being the most widely used drugs. Here we describe several natural compounds with anticholinesterase (acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase) activity and also some synthetic compounds whose structures are based on those of natural compounds.
Key findings
Galantamine and rivastigmine are two cholinesterase inhibitors used in therapeutics: galantamine is a natural alkaloid that was extracted for the first time from Galanthus nivalis L., while rivastigmine is a synthetic alkaloid, the structure of which is modelled on that of natural physostigmine. Alkaloids include a high number of compounds with anticholinesterases activity at the submicromolar range. Quinones and stilbenes are less well studied regarding cholinesterase inhibition, although some of them, such as sargaquinoic acid or (+)-α-viniferin, show promising activity. Among flavonoids, flavones and isoflavones are the most potent compounds. Xanthones and monoterpenes are generally weak cholinesterase inhibitors.
Summary
Nature is an almost endless source of bioactive compounds. Several natural compounds have anticholinesterase activity and others can be used as leader compounds for the synthesis of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brígida R Pinho
- REQUIMTE/Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Federico Ferreres
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Patrícia Valentão
- REQUIMTE/Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula B Andrade
- REQUIMTE/Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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128
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Valli M, dos Santos RN, Figueira LD, Nakajima CH, Castro-Gamboa I, Andricopulo AD, Bolzani VS. Development of a natural products database from the biodiversity of Brazil. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:439-44. [PMID: 23330984 DOI: 10.1021/np3006875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We describe herein the design and development of an innovative tool called the NuBBE database (NuBBEDB), a new Web-based database, which incorporates several classes of secondary metabolites and derivatives from the biodiversity of Brazil. This natural product database incorporates botanical, chemical, pharmacological, and toxicological compound information. The NuBBEDB provides specialized information to the worldwide scientific community and can serve as a useful tool for studies on the multidisciplinary interfaces related to chemistry and biology, including virtual screening, dereplication, metabolomics, and medicinal chemistry. The NuBBEDB site is at http://nubbe.iq.unesp.br/nubbeDB.html .
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Valli
- Núcleo de Bioensaios, Biossíntese e Ecofisiologia de Produtos Naturais (NuBBE), Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, 14801-970, Araraquara-SP, Brazil
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Alachkar H, Santhanam R, Harb JG, Lucas DM, Oaks JJ, Hickey CJ, Pan L, Kinghorn AD, Caligiuri MA, Perrotti D, Byrd JC, Garzon R, Grever MR, Marcucci G. Silvestrol exhibits significant in vivo and in vitro antileukemic activities and inhibits FLT3 and miR-155 expressions in acute myeloid leukemia. J Hematol Oncol 2013; 6:21. [PMID: 23497456 PMCID: PMC3623627 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-6-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Activating mutations [internal tandem duplication (ITD)] or overexpression of the FMS-like tyrosine kinase receptor-3 (FLT3) gene are associated with poor outcome in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, underscoring the need for novel therapeutic approaches. The natural product silvestrol has potent antitumor activity in several malignancies, but its therapeutic impact on distinct molecular high-risk AML subsets remains to be fully investigated. We examined here the preclinical activity of silvestrol in FLT3-ITD and FLT3 wild-type (wt) AML. Methods Silvestrol in vitro anti-leukemic activity was examined by colorimetric cell viability assay, colony-forming and flow cytometry assays assessing growth inhibition and apoptosis, respectively. Pharmacological activity of silvestrol on FLT3 mRNA translation, mRNA and protein expression was determined by RNA-immunoprecipitation, qRT-PCR and immunoblot analyses, respectively. Silvestrol in vivo efficacy was investigated using MV4-11 leukemia-engrafted mice. Results Silvestrol shows antileukemia activity at nanomolar concentrations both in FLT3-wt overexpressing (THP-1) and FLT3-ITD (MV4-11) expressing AML cell lines (IC50 = 3.8 and 2.7 nM, respectively) and patients’ primary blasts [IC50 = ~12 nM (FLT3-wt) and ~5 nM (FLT3-ITD)]. Silvestrol increased apoptosis (~4fold, P = 0.0001), and inhibited colony-formation (100%, P < 0.0001) in primary blasts. Silvestrol efficiently inhibited FLT3 translation reducing FLT3 protein expression by 80–90% and decreased miR-155 levels (~60%), a frequently co-regulated onco-miR in FLT3-ITD-positive AML. The median survival of silvestrol-treated vs vehicle-treated mice was 63 vs 29 days post-engraftment, respectively (P < 0.0001). Conclusions Silvestrol exhibits significant in vivo and in vitro antileukemic activities in AML through a novel mechanism resulting in inhibition of FLT3 and miR-155 expression. These encouraging results warrant a rapid translation of silvestrol for clinical testing in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Alachkar
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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130
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Identification of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus inhibitors through an oriented screening on natural products. Chem Res Chin Univ 2013; 29:290-293. [PMID: 32226262 PMCID: PMC7099335 DOI: 10.1007/s40242-013-2300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome(PRRS) caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV) is one of the most infectious diseases in the swine industry worldwide, causing big economic losses. Vaccines are major weapons against PRRSV, however, current available vaccines have several limitations. Developing chemical drugs as alternatives is required. On the basis of traditional medical knowledge, we purposely selected 15 natural products originated from Chinese herbs with anti-infectious effects. Their antiviral activities were evaluated by PRRSV-induced cytopathic effect(CPE) on MARC-145 cells and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) assay. Compounds ethoxysanguinarine(EOSG) and atractylodinol were found to be the hits which could significantly reduce PRRSV-associated CPE with 50% inhibited concentration(IC50) values of 7.9 and 39.4 μmol/L, respectively. Meanwhile, compounds ethoxysanguinarine and atractylodinol significantly decreased mRNA expression of ORF7 gene in a dose-dependent manner. Study results suggest that compounds ethoxysanguinarine and atractylodinol may be useful anti-PRRSV drugs for swine industry or the hits for further lead optimization.
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131
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Srisawat T, Chumkaew P, Maichum W, Sukpondma Y, Graidist P, Kanokwiroo K. In vitro Cytotoxic Activity of Vatica diospyroides Symington
Type LS Root Extract on Breast Cancer Cell Lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2013.130.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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132
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Prachyawarakorn V, Sangpetsiripan S, Surawatanawong P, Mahidol C, Ruchirawat S, Kittakoop P. Flavans from Desmos cochinchinensis as potent aromatase inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00166k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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133
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Ding L, Maier A, Fiebig HH, Lin WH, Peschel G, Hertweck C. Kandenols A-E, eudesmenes from an endophytic Streptomyces sp. of the mangrove tree Kandelia candel. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:2223-2227. [PMID: 23234344 DOI: 10.1021/np300387n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Five novel eudesmene-type sesquiterpenes, kandenols A-E (1-5), have been isolated from Streptomyces sp. HKI0595 derived from the mangrove plant Kandelia candel. Their structures were established through NMR and mass spectrometry, and absolute configurations were established by the Mosher method and comparison of CD spectra with α-rotunol and β-rotunol. The kandenols are reminiscent of various plant-derived eudesmenes, yet kandenols B and C are unusual because of their hydroperoxide moieties. Kandenol E is the first bacterial agarofuran, which belongs to an important group of antibiotics. Whereas the kandenols display no cytotoxicity against 12 human cell lines, weak to moderate antimicrobial activities were detected against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 and Mycobacterium vaccae IMET 10670.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ding
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
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134
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Góngora-Castillo E, Childs KL, Fedewa G, Hamilton JP, Liscombe DK, Magallanes-Lundback M, Mandadi KK, Nims E, Runguphan W, Vaillancourt B, Varbanova-Herde M, DellaPenna D, McKnight TD, O’Connor S, Buell CR. Development of transcriptomic resources for interrogating the biosynthesis of monoterpene indole alkaloids in medicinal plant species. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52506. [PMID: 23300689 PMCID: PMC3530497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural diversity of plant metabolism has long been a source for human medicines. One group of plant-derived compounds, the monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs), includes well-documented therapeutic agents used in the treatment of cancer (vinblastine, vincristine, camptothecin), hypertension (reserpine, ajmalicine), malaria (quinine), and as analgesics (7-hydroxymitragynine). Our understanding of the biochemical pathways that synthesize these commercially relevant compounds is incomplete due in part to a lack of molecular, genetic, and genomic resources for the identification of the genes involved in these specialized metabolic pathways. To address these limitations, we generated large-scale transcriptome sequence and expression profiles for three species of Asterids that produce medicinally important MIAs: Camptotheca acuminata, Catharanthus roseus, and Rauvolfia serpentina. Using next generation sequencing technology, we sampled the transcriptomes of these species across a diverse set of developmental tissues, and in the case of C. roseus, in cultured cells and roots following elicitor treatment. Through an iterative assembly process, we generated robust transcriptome assemblies for all three species with a substantial number of the assembled transcripts being full or near-full length. The majority of transcripts had a related sequence in either UniRef100, the Arabidopsis thaliana predicted proteome, or the Pfam protein domain database; however, we also identified transcripts that lacked similarity with entries in either database and thereby lack a known function. Representation of known genes within the MIA biosynthetic pathway was robust. As a diverse set of tissues and treatments were surveyed, expression abundances of transcripts in the three species could be estimated to reveal transcripts associated with development and response to elicitor treatment. Together, these transcriptomes and expression abundance matrices provide a rich resource for understanding plant specialized metabolism, and promotes realization of innovative production systems for plant-derived pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Góngora-Castillo
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kevin L. Childs
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Greg Fedewa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - John P. Hamilton
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - David K. Liscombe
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Maria Magallanes-Lundback
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kranthi K. Mandadi
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ezekiel Nims
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Weerawat Runguphan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Brieanne Vaillancourt
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Marina Varbanova-Herde
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Dean DellaPenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Thomas D. McKnight
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sarah O’Connor
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - C. Robin Buell
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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135
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Anti-inflammatory activity of novel ammonium glycyrrhizinate/niosomes delivery system: Human and murine models. J Control Release 2012; 164:17-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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136
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Attia M, Kim SU, Ro DK. Molecular cloning and characterization of (+)-epi-α-bisabolol synthase, catalyzing the first step in the biosynthesis of the natural sweetener, hernandulcin, in Lippia dulcis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 527:37-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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137
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Dai J, Shen D, Yoshida WY, Parrish SM, Williams PG. Isoflavonoids from Ficus benjamina and their inhibitory activity on BACE1. PLANTA MEDICA 2012; 78:1357-62. [PMID: 22763739 PMCID: PMC4696551 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1315001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Examination of an active extract of the fruit of Ficus benjamina var. nuda (Miq.) Barrett has led to the isolation of six new isoflavones and two coumarano-chroman-4-ones, along with fifteen known compounds. The structures of the eight new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive NMR experiments and mass spectrometric measurements. The inhibitory activity of the compounds on the proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein by the aspartic protease BACE1 was evaluated. Both coumarano-chroma-4-ones and some isoflavones showed moderate activity in this assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqiu Dai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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138
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Bolzani VDS, Valli M, Pivatto M, Viegas C. Natural products from Brazilian biodiversity as a source of new models for medicinal chemistry. PURE APPL CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1351/pac-con-12-01-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Natural products are the inspiration for many valuable therapeutic agents and attest to biodiversity being a rich source of new molecular structures. Their value as templates for medicinal chemistry remains undisputed, even after the growth of the combinatorial chemistry era. Tropical environments, such as Brazilian biomes, offer a particularly rich potential for biologically active compounds with unique structures and continue to contribute toward modern drug discovery. Our bioprospecting of plant species of the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes has yielded promising bioactive secondary metabolites, and we describe some of these molecules and semisynthetic derivatives as potential acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani
- 1Departamento de Química Orgânica, Núcleo de Bioensaios, Biossíntese e Ecofisiologia de Produtos Naturais (NuBBE), Instituto de Química, UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista, C.P. 355, 14801-970, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Marilia Valli
- 1Departamento de Química Orgânica, Núcleo de Bioensaios, Biossíntese e Ecofisiologia de Produtos Naturais (NuBBE), Instituto de Química, UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista, C.P. 355, 14801-970, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Pivatto
- 1Departamento de Química Orgânica, Núcleo de Bioensaios, Biossíntese e Ecofisiologia de Produtos Naturais (NuBBE), Instituto de Química, UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista, C.P. 355, 14801-970, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Viegas
- 2Instituto de Química, Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Química Medicinal (LFQM), Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
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139
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Mahomoodally F, Mesaik A, Choudhary MI, Subratty AH, Gurib-Fakim A. In vitro modulation of oxidative burst via release of reactive oxygen species from immune cells by extracts of selected tropical medicinal herbs and food plants. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2012; 5:440-7. [PMID: 22575975 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(12)60075-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate in vitro immunomodulating properties and potential cytotoxicity of six tropical medicinal herbs and food plants namely Antidesma madagascariense (Euphorbiaceae) (AM), Erythroxylum macrocarpum (Erythroxylaceae) (EM), Faujasiopsis flexuosa (Asteraceae) (FF), Pittosporum senacia (Pittosporaceae) (PS), Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae) (MC) and Ocimum tenuiflorum (Lamiaceae) (OT). METHODS Initially, the crude water and methanol extracts were probed for their capacity to trigger immune cells' NADPH oxidase and MPO-dependent activities as measured by lucigenin- and luminol-amplified chemiluminescence, respectively; as compared to receptor-dependent (serum opsonised zymosan- OPZ) or receptor-independent phorbol myristerate acetate (PMA). RESULTS Preliminary screening on whole human blood oxidative burst activity showed significant and concentration-dependent immunomodulating properties of three plants AM, FF and OT. Further investigations of the fractions on isolated human polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and mice monocytes using two different pathways for activation of phagocytic oxidative burst showed that ethyl acetate fraction was the most potent extract. None of the active samples had cell-death effects on human PMNs, under the assay conditions as determined by the trypan-blue exclusion assay. Since PMA and OPZ NADPH oxidase complex is activated via different transduction pathways, these results suggest that AM, FF and OT does not affect a specific transductional pathway, but rather directly inhibit a final common biochemical target such as the NADPH oxidase enzyme and/or scavenges ROS. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that some of these plants extracts/fractions were able to modulate significantly immune response of phagocytes and monocytes at different steps, emphasizing their potential as a source of new natural alternative immunomodulatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius.
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140
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Pauli GF, Chen SN, Friesen JB, McAlpine JB, Jaki BU. Analysis and purification of bioactive natural products: the AnaPurNa study. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:1243-55. [PMID: 22620854 PMCID: PMC3381453 DOI: 10.1021/np300066q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Based on a meta-analysis of data mined from almost 2000 publications on bioactive natural products (NPs) from >80000 pages of 13 different journals published in 1998-1999, 2004-2005, and 2009-2010, the aim of this systematic review is to provide both a survey of the status quo and a perspective for analytical methodology used for isolation and purity assessment of bioactive NPs. The study provides numerical measures of the common means of sourcing NPs, the chromatographic methodology employed for NP purification, and the role of spectroscopy and purity assessment in NP characterization. A link is proposed between the observed use of various analytical methodologies, the challenges posed by the complexity of metabolomes, and the inescapable residual complexity of purified NPs and their biological assessment. The data provide inspiration for the development of innovative methods for NP analysis as a means of advancing the role of naturally occurring compounds as a viable source of biologically active agents with relevance for human health and global benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido F Pauli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
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141
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Yen CY, Chiu CC, Haung RW, Yeh CC, Huang KJ, Chang KF, Hseu YC, Chang FR, Chang HW, Wu YC. Antiproliferative effects of goniothalamin on Ca9-22 oral cancer cells through apoptosis, DNA damage and ROS induction. Mutat Res 2012; 747:253-8. [PMID: 22721813 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Goniothalamin (GTN), a plant bioactive styryl-lactone, is a natural product with potent anti-tumorigenesis effects for several types of cancer. Nonetheless, the anticancer effect of GTN has not been examined in oral cancer. The present study was designed to evaluate its potential anticancer effects in an oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) model and to determine the possible mechanisms with respect to apoptosis, DNA damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Our data demonstrated that cell proliferation was significantly inhibited by GTN in Ca9-22 OSCC cancer cells in concentration- and time-dependent manners (p<0.05). For cell cycle and apoptotic effects of GTN-treated Ca9-22 cancer cells, the sub-G1 population and annexin V-intensity significantly increased in a concentration-dependent manner (p<0.001). For the analysis of DNA double strand breaks, γH2AX intensity significantly increased in GTN-treated Ca9-22 cancer cells in concentration-response relationship (p<0.05). Moreover, GTN significantly induced intracellular ROS levels in Ca9-22 cancer cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner (p<0.05). For membrane depolarization of mitochondria, the DiOC(2)(3) (3,3'-diethyloxacarbocyanine iodide) intensity of GTN-treated Ca9-22 cancer cells was significantly decreased in concentration- and time-dependent relationships (p<0.001). Taken together, these results suggest that the anticancer effect of GTN against oral cancer cells is valid and GTN-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis influence the downstream cascade including ROS induction, DNA damage, and mitochondria membrane depolarization. Therefore, GTN has potential as a chemotherapeutic agent against oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yu Yen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
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142
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Selected Extracts of Chinese Herbal Medicines: Their Effect on NF-κB, PPARα and PPARγ and the Respective Bioactive Compounds. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:983023. [PMID: 22675394 PMCID: PMC3366346 DOI: 10.1155/2012/983023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chinese herbal medicinal (CHM) extracts from fourteen plants were investigated in cell-based in vitro assays for their effect on nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), a key regulator of inflammation, as well as on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) being key regulators of genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism. 43% of the investigated CHMs showed NF-κB inhibitory and 50% PPARα and PPARγ activating effects. Apolar extracts from cortex and flos of Albizia julibrissin Durazz. and processed rhizomes of Arisaema sp. and Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. that effectively inhibited TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation and dose-dependently activated PPARα and PPARγ were further investigated. Bioassay-guided fractionation and analysis by GC-MS led to the identification of fatty acids as PPAR agonists, including linoleic and palmitic acid.
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143
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Cannon JS, Overman LE. Is there no end to the total syntheses of strychnine? Lessons learned in strategy and tactics in total synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:4288-311. [PMID: 22431197 PMCID: PMC3804246 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201107385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
From the 19th century to the present, the complex indole alkaloid strychnine has engaged the chemical community. In this Review, we examine why strychnine has been and remains today an important target for directed synthesis efforts. A selection of the diverse syntheses of strychnine is discussed with the aim of identifying their influence on the evolution of the strategy and tactics of organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S. Cannon
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Irvine 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025 (USA)
| | - Larry E. Overman
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Irvine 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025 (USA)
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144
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Dias DA, Urban S, Roessner U. A historical overview of natural products in drug discovery. Metabolites 2012; 2:303-36. [PMID: 24957513 PMCID: PMC3901206 DOI: 10.3390/metabo2020303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 877] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, natural products have been used since ancient times and in folklore for the treatment of many diseases and illnesses. Classical natural product chemistry methodologies enabled a vast array of bioactive secondary metabolites from terrestrial and marine sources to be discovered. Many of these natural products have gone on to become current drug candidates. This brief review aims to highlight historically significant bioactive marine and terrestrial natural products, their use in folklore and dereplication techniques to rapidly facilitate their discovery. Furthermore a discussion of how natural product chemistry has resulted in the identification of many drug candidates; the application of advanced hyphenated spectroscopic techniques to aid in their discovery, the future of natural product chemistry and finally adopting metabolomic profiling and dereplication approaches for the comprehensive study of natural product extracts will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Dias
- Metabolomics Australia, School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Sylvia Urban
- School of Applied Sciences (Discipline of Applied Chemistry), Health Innovations Research Institute (HIRi) RMIT University, G.P.O. Box 2476V, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- Metabolomics Australia, School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Cannon JS, Overman LE. Kein Ende für Totalsynthesen von Strychnin in Sicht? Lektionen für Strategien und Methoden in der Totalsynthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201107385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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