101
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Pourjavadi A, Keshavarzi N, Moghaddam FM, Hosseini SH. Immobilization of nickel ions onto the magnetic nanocomposite based on cross‐linked melamine groups: Effective heterogeneous catalyst for
N
‐Arylation of Arylboronic acids. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Pourjavadi
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of ChemistrySharif University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Nahid Keshavarzi
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of ChemistrySharif University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Firouz Matloubi Moghaddam
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Natural Products, Department of ChemistrySharif University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Seyed Hassan Hosseini
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of Mazandaran Behshahr Iran
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102
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Zhang Y, Yang D, Li Y, Wang B, Zhao X, Qu J. Synthesis and characterization of a family of thioether-dithiolate-bridged heteronuclear iron complexes. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:7030-7038. [PMID: 28517006 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00719a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The thioether-dithiolate-bridged heterotrinuclear complexes [Cp*Fe(μ-1k3SSS':2k2SS-tpdt)M(μ-2k2SS:3k3SSS'-tpdt)FeCp*][PF6]2 (Cp* = η5-C5Me5; tpdt = S(CH2CH2S)2; 2, M = Co; 3, M = Ni; 4, M = Pd) have been prepared by a reaction of [Cp*Fe(η3-tpdt)] (1) with complexes CoCl2, NiCl2(PPh3)2, and PdCl2(PPh3)2, respectively. Similarly, treatment of complex 1 with CuCl(PPh3) or AgPF6 afforded two heterotrinuclear complexes, [Cp*Fe(μ-1k3SSS':2k2SS-tpdt)M(μ-2k2SS:3k3SSS'-tpdt)FeCp*][PF6] (5, M = Cu; 6, M = Ag), while reaction of 1 with the complex AuCl(PPh3) gave a heterobinuclear complex, [Cp*Fe(μ-1k3SSS':2k1S-tpdt)Au(PPh3)][PF6] (7). These complexes have been spectroscopically and crystallographically characterized. An X-ray diffraction analysis showed that complexes 2, 3, 5, and 6 feature a heterometal center binding four sulfur atoms of two tpdt ligands with a cis orientation. However, in the Pd-containing complex 4, two tpdt ligands are arranged in a trans configuration. The μeff data and EPR results indicate that complexes 2, 4, 5, 6, and 7 are paramagnetic and only complex 3 is diamagnetic. Electrochemical experiments on these heteronuclear clusters were performed at room temperature. Discrepancy of the redox couples in the CV plots of these complexes indicates different one-electron transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, P.R. China
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103
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Bajo S, Laidlaw G, Kennedy AR, Sproules S, Nelson DJ. Oxidative Addition of Aryl Electrophiles to a Prototypical Nickel(0) Complex: Mechanism and Structure/Reactivity Relationships. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Bajo
- WestCHEM
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham
Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Gillian Laidlaw
- WestCHEM
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham
Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham
Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Stephen Sproules
- WestCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Place, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - David J. Nelson
- WestCHEM
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham
Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
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104
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Zhang X, Xia A, Chen H, Liu Y. General and Mild Nickel-Catalyzed Cyanation of Aryl/Heteroaryl Chlorides with Zn(CN) 2: Key Roles of DMAP. Org Lett 2017; 19:2118-2121. [PMID: 28379009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new and general nickel-catalyzed cyanation of hetero(aryl) chlorides using less toxic Zn(CN)2 as the cyanide source has been developed. The reaction relies on the use of inexpensive NiCl2·6H2O/dppf/Zn as the catalytic system and DMAP as the additive, allowing the cyanation to occur under mild reaction conditions (50-80 °C) with wide functional group tolerance. DMAP was found to be crucial for successful transformation, and the reaction likely proceeds via a Ni(0)/Ni(II) catalysis based on mechanistic studies. The method was also successfully extended to aryl bromides and aryl iodides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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105
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Abstract
Transition metal-catalysed cross-coupling is one of the most powerful synthetic methods and has led to vast improvements in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and precursors for materials chemistry. A major advance in cross-coupling over the past 20 years is the utilization of well-defined, bench-stable Pd and Ni precatalysts that do not require the addition of free ancillary ligand, which can hinder catalysis by occupying open coordination sites on the metal. The development of precatalysts has resulted in new reactions and expanded substrate scopes, enabling transformations under milder conditions and with lower catalyst loadings. This Review highlights recent advances in the development of Pd and Ni precatalysts for cross-coupling, and provides a critical comparison between the state of the art in Pd- and Ni-based systems.
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106
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Ando S, Matsunaga H, Ishizuka T. An N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Nickel Half-Sandwich Complex as a Precatalyst for Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling of Aryl/Heteroaryl Halides with Aryl/Heteroarylboronic Acids. J Org Chem 2017; 82:1266-1272. [PMID: 28029049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A nickel half-sandwich complex supported by our original NHC ligand was developed as a robust precatalyst for Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling. The addition of PPh3 was a crucial element in the suppression of side reactions and in accelerating the cross-coupling reaction. By employing the optimal conditions, aryl-aryl, heteroaryl-aryl, and heteroaryl-heteroaryl couplings were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ando
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University , 5-1 Oe-honmachi Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Matsunaga
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University , 5-1 Oe-honmachi Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Tadao Ishizuka
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University , 5-1 Oe-honmachi Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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107
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Beromi MM, Nova A, Balcells D, Brasacchio AM, Brudvig GW, Guard LM, Hazari N, Vinyard DJ. Mechanistic Study of an Improved Ni Precatalyst for Suzuki-Miyaura Reactions of Aryl Sulfamates: Understanding the Role of Ni(I) Species. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:922-936. [PMID: 28009513 PMCID: PMC5360380 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nickel precatalysts are potentially a more sustainable alternative to traditional palladium precatalysts for the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction. Currently, there is significant interest in Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions involving readily accessible phenolic derivatives such as aryl sulfamates, as the sulfamate moiety can act as a directing group for the prefunctionalization of the aromatic backbone of the electrophile prior to cross-coupling. By evaluating complexes in the Ni(0), (I), and (II) oxidation states we report a precatalyst, (dppf)Ni(o-tolyl)(Cl) (dppf = 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene), for Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions involving aryl sulfamates and boronic acids, which operates at a significantly lower catalyst loading and at milder reaction conditions than other reported systems. In some cases it can even function at room temperature. Mechanistic studies on precatalyst activation and the speciation of nickel during catalysis reveal that Ni(I) species are formed in the catalytic reaction via two different pathways: (i) the precatalyst (dppf)Ni(o-tolyl)(Cl) undergoes comproportionation with the active Ni(0) species; and (ii) the catalytic intermediate (dppf)Ni(Ar)(sulfamate) (Ar = aryl) undergoes comproportionation with the active Ni(0) species. In both cases the formation of Ni(I) is detrimental to catalysis, which is proposed to proceed via a Ni(0)/Ni(II) cycle. DFT calculations are used to support experimental observations and provide insight about the elementary steps involved in reactions directly on the catalytic cycle, as well as off-cycle processes. Our mechanistic investigation provides guidelines for designing even more active nickel catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Mohadjer Beromi
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Ainara Nova
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC), Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315, Oslo, Norway
| | - David Balcells
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC), Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ann M. Brasacchio
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Gary W. Brudvig
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Louise M. Guard
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Nilay Hazari
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - David J. Vinyard
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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108
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Clark JSK, Voth CN, Ferguson MJ, Stradiotto M. Evaluating 1,1′-Bis(phosphino)ferrocene Ancillary Ligand Variants in the Nickel-Catalyzed C–N Cross-Coupling of (Hetero)aryl Chlorides. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jillian S. K. Clark
- Department
of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Christopher N. Voth
- Department
of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- X-ray
Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Mark Stradiotto
- Department
of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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109
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Pollit AA, Obhi NK, Lough AJ, Seferos DS. Evaluation of an external initiating Ni(ii) diimine catalyst for electron-deficient π-conjugated polymers. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00873b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have prepared, isolated, and evaluated the first Ni(ii) diimine catalyst able to externally initiate the Kumada catalyst transfer polymerization of an electron-deficient π-conjugated monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam A. Pollit
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Nimrat K. Obhi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Alan J. Lough
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
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110
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Beattie DD, Schareina T, Beller M. A room temperature cyanation of (hetero)aromatic chlorides by an air stable nickel(ii) XantPhos precatalyst and Zn(CN)2. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:4291-4294. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00892a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A methodology using a nickel(ii) XantPhos precatalyst for the room-temperature synthesis of (hetero)aromatic nitriles from aryl chlorides been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Dawson Beattie
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Thomas Schareina
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
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111
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Dickie DA, Chacon BE, Issabekov A, Lam K, Kemp RA. Nickel(II) and nickel(0) complexes of bis(diisopropylphosphino)amine: Synthesis, structure, and electrochemical activity. Inorganica Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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112
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Clark JSK, Lavoie CM, MacQueen PM, Ferguson MJ, Stradiotto M. A Comparative Reactivity Survey of Some Prominent Bisphosphine Nickel(II) Precatalysts in C–N Cross-Coupling. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jillian S. K. Clark
- Department
of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Christopher M. Lavoie
- Department
of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Preston M. MacQueen
- Department
of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- X-ray
Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Mark Stradiotto
- Department
of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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113
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Malan FP, Singleton E, van Rooyen PH, Landman M. Facile Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of activated aryl halides using new CpNiBr(NHC) complexes. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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114
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Lavoie CM, MacQueen PM, Rotta-Loria NL, Sawatzky RS, Borzenko A, Chisholm AJ, Hargreaves BKV, McDonald R, Ferguson MJ, Stradiotto M. Challenging nickel-catalysed amine arylations enabled by tailored ancillary ligand design. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11073. [PMID: 27004442 PMCID: PMC4814586 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Palladium-catalysed C(sp(2))-N cross-coupling (that is, Buchwald-Hartwig amination) is employed widely in synthetic chemistry, including in the pharmaceutical industry, for the synthesis of (hetero)aniline derivatives. However, the cost and relative scarcity of palladium provides motivation for the development of alternative, more Earth-abundant catalysts for such transformations. Here we disclose an operationally simple and air-stable ligand/nickel(II) pre-catalyst that accommodates the broadest combination of C(sp(2))-N coupling partners reported to date for any single nickel catalyst, without the need for a precious-metal co-catalyst. Key to the unprecedented performance of this pre-catalyst is the application of the new, sterically demanding yet electron-poor bisphosphine PAd-DalPhos. Featured are the first reports of nickel-catalysed room temperature reactions involving challenging primary alkylamine and ammonia reaction partners employing an unprecedented scope of electrophiles, including transformations involving sought-after (hetero)aryl mesylates for which no capable catalyst system is known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Lavoie
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
| | - Preston M. MacQueen
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
| | - Nicolas L. Rotta-Loria
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
| | - Ryan S. Sawatzky
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
| | - Andrey Borzenko
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
| | - Alicia J. Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
| | - Breanna K. V. Hargreaves
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
| | - Robert McDonald
- X-Ray Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- X-Ray Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Mark Stradiotto
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
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115
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Sun P, Yang D, Li Y, Zhang Y, Su L, Wang B, Qu J. Thiolate-Bridged Nickel–Iron and Nickel–Ruthenium Complexes Relevant to the CO-Inhibited State of [NiFe]-Hydrogenase. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Puhua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty
of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dawei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty
of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty
of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yahui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty
of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty
of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty
of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingping Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty
of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
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116
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Hoover AJ, Lazari M, Ren H, Narayanam MK, Murphy JM, van Dam RM, Hooker JM, Ritter T. A Transmetalation Reaction Enables the Synthesis of [ 18F]5-Fluorouracil from [ 18F]Fluoride for Human PET Imaging. Organometallics 2016; 35:1008-1014. [PMID: 27087736 PMCID: PMC4829938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Translation of new 18F-fluorination reactions to produce radiotracers for human positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is rare because the chemistry must have useful scope and the process for 18F-labeled tracer production must be robust and simple to execute. The application of transition metal mediators has enabled impactful 18F-fluorination methods, but to date none of these reactions have been applied to produce a human-injectable PET tracer. In this article we present chemistry and process innovations that culminate in the first production from [18F]fluoride of human doses of [18F]5-fluorouracil, a PET tracer for cancer imaging in humans. The first preparation of nickel σ-aryl complexes by transmetalation from arylboronic acids or esters was developed and enabled the synthesis of the [18F]5-fluorouracil precursor. Routine production of >10 mCi doses of [18F]5-fluorouracil was accomplished with a new instrument for azeotrope-free [18F]fluoride concentration in a process that leverages the tolerance of water in nickel-mediated 18F-fluorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Hoover
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Mark Lazari
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles , 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States; Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Maruthi Kumar Narayanam
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles , 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jennifer M Murphy
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles , 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - R Michael van Dam
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles , 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jacob M Hooker
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States; Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States; Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States; Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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117
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Ritleng V, Henrion M, Chetcuti MJ. Nickel N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed C–Heteroatom Bond Formation, Reduction, and Oxidation: Reactions and Mechanistic Aspects. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Ritleng
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organométallique Appliquée, UMR CNRS 7509,
Ecole européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 103 boulevard Saint Michel, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mickaël Henrion
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organométallique Appliquée, UMR CNRS 7509,
Ecole européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Michael J. Chetcuti
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organométallique Appliquée, UMR CNRS 7509,
Ecole européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
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118
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Li J, Wang ZX. Nickel catalyzed α-arylation of ketones with aryltrimethylammonium triflates. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:7579-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01299j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
C(sp3)–C(sp2) coupling of aromatic ketones with a variety of aryltrimethylammonium triflates was performed in the presence of Ni(COD)2, IPr·HCl, and LiOBut to yield α-arylated ketones in reasonable to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry and Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Xia Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry and Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
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119
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Cai Z, Xiao D, Do LH. Fine-Tuning Nickel Phenoxyimine Olefin Polymerization Catalysts: Performance Boosting by Alkali Cations. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:15501-10. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b10351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzheng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Dawei Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Loi H. Do
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
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120
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Guard LM, Mohadjer Beromi M, Brudvig GW, Hazari N, Vinyard DJ. Comparison of dppf‐Supported Nickel Precatalysts for the Suzuki–Miyaura Reaction: The Observation and Activity of Nickel(I). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13352-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louise M. Guard
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520 (USA)
| | - Megan Mohadjer Beromi
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520 (USA)
| | - Gary W. Brudvig
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520 (USA)
| | - Nilay Hazari
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520 (USA)
| | - David J. Vinyard
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520 (USA)
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121
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Yang C, Wu WD, Zhao L, Wang MX. Macrocyclic Aryl–Nickel(II) Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity Studies. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Di Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei-Xiang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
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122
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Dawson DD, Jarvo ER. Stereospecific Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions of Benzylic Ethers with Isotopically-Labeled Grignard Reagents. Org Process Res Dev 2015; 19:1356-1359. [PMID: 27458328 PMCID: PMC4955521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
In
this manuscript we highlight the potential of stereospecific
nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions for applications in the
pharmaceutical industry. Using an inexpensive and sustainable nickel
catalyst, we report a gram-scale Kumada cross-coupling reaction. Reactions
are highly stereospecific and proceed with inversion at the benzylic
position. We also expand the scope of our reaction to incorporate
isotopically labeled substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D Dawson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Elizabeth R Jarvo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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123
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Guard LM, Mohadjer Beromi M, Brudvig GW, Hazari N, Vinyard DJ. Comparison of dppf‐Supported Nickel Precatalysts for the Suzuki–Miyaura Reaction: The Observation and Activity of Nickel(I). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louise M. Guard
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520 (USA)
| | - Megan Mohadjer Beromi
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520 (USA)
| | - Gary W. Brudvig
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520 (USA)
| | - Nilay Hazari
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520 (USA)
| | - David J. Vinyard
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520 (USA)
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124
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Fernández-Salas JA, Marelli E, Nolan SP. Synthesis of (diarylmethyl)amines using Ni-catalyzed arylation of C(sp 3)-H bonds. Chem Sci 2015; 6:4973-4977. [PMID: 27019690 PMCID: PMC4786957 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01589h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The first nickel catalyzed deprotonative cross coupling between C(sp3)-H bonds and aryl chlorides is reported, allowing the challenging arylation of benzylimines in the absence of directing group or stoichiometric metal activation. This methodology represents a convenient access to the (diarylmethyl)amine moiety, which is widespread in pharmaceutically relevant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrico Marelli
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , KY16 9ST , UK .
| | - Steven P Nolan
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , KY16 9ST , UK . ; Chemistry Department , College of Science , King Saud University , Riyadh 11451 , Saudi Arabia
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125
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Kampmann SS, Skelton BW, Wild DA, Koutsantonis GA, Stewart SG. An Air-Stable Nickel(0) Phosphite Precatalyst for Primary Alkylamine C-N Cross-Coupling Reactions. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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126
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Standley EA, Tasker SZ, Jensen KL, Jamison TF. Nickel Catalysis: Synergy between Method Development and Total Synthesis. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:1503-14. [PMID: 25905431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nickel(0) catalysts have proven to be powerful tools for multicomponent coupling reactions in our laboratories over the past 15 years. This interest was originally sparked by the ubiquity of allylic alcohol motifs in natural products, such as (-)-terpestacin, which we envisioned assembling by the coupling of two π components (alkyne and aldehyde) with concomitant reduction. Mechanistic investigations allowed us to elucidate several modes of controlling the regioselectivity and stereoselectivity in the oxidative cyclization, and these insights enabled us to leverage combinations of alkenes and phosphine ligands to direct regioselective outcomes. The initial success in developing the first intermolecular reductive alkyne-aldehyde coupling reaction launched a series of methodological investigations that rapidly expanded to include coupling reactions of alkynes with other electrophilic π components, such as imines and ketones, as well as electrophilic σ components, such as epoxides. Aziridines proved to be more challenging substrates for reductive coupling, but we were recently able to demonstrate that cross-coupling of aziridines and alkylzinc reagents is smoothly catalyzed by a zero-valent nickel/phenanthroline system. Moreover, the enantioselective alkyne-aldehyde coupling and the development of novel P-chiral ferrocenyl ligands enabled the total synthesis of (-)-terpestacin, amphidinolides T1 and T4, (-)-gloeosporone, and pumiliotoxins 209F and 251D. We subsequently determined that alkenes could be used in place of alkynes in several nickel-catalyzed reactions when a silyl triflate activating agent was added. We reason that such an additive functions largely to enhance the electrophilicity of the metal center by coordination to the electrophilic π component, such that less nucleophilic alkene π donors can undergo productive combination with nickel complexes. This activation manifold was further demonstrated to be effective for alkene-aldehyde couplings. In a related manner, electrophilic promoters were also successfully employed for allylic substitution reactions of allylic carbonates with simple alkenes and in the Mizoroki-Heck reaction of both benzyl and aryl electrophiles. In these instances, it is proposed that counterion exchange from a more strongly coordinating anion to the weakly or noncoordinating triflate counterion enables reaction at an electrophilic Ni(II) center rather than by coordination to one of the coupling components. Mechanistic insights also played an important role in the development of mixed N-heterocyclic carbene/phosphite ligand systems to overcome challenges in regioselective alkene-aldehyde coupling reactions. We hope that, taken together, the body of work summarized in this Account demonstrates the constructive interplay among total synthesis, methodological development, and mechanistic investigation that has driven our research program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Standley
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sarah Z. Tasker
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kim L. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy F. Jamison
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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127
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Abstract
The synthesis and catalytic activity of [(TMEDA)Ni(o-tolyl)Cl], an air-stable, crystalline solid, is described. This complex is an effective precatalyst in a variety of nickel-catalyzed transformations. The lability of TMEDA allows a wide variety of ligands to be used, including mono- and bidentate phosphines, diimines, and N-heterocyclic carbenes. Preliminary mechanistic studies are also reported, which suggest that [(TMEDA)Ni(o-tolyl)Cl] can activate by either a Ni-B or Ni-Ni transmetalation event, depending on the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D. Shields
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Erin E. Gray
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Abigail G. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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128
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Magano J, Monfette S. Development of an Air-Stable, Broadly Applicable Nickel Source for Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Magano
- Worldwide
Research and Development, Pfizer
Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sebastien Monfette
- Worldwide
Research and Development, Pfizer
Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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129
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Yin G, Kalvet I, Englert U, Schoenebeck F. Fundamental Studies and Development of Nickel-Catalyzed Trifluoromethylthiolation of Aryl Chlorides: Active Catalytic Species and Key Roles of Ligand and Traceless MeCN Additive Revealed. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:4164-72. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoyin Yin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg
1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Indrek Kalvet
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg
1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulli Englert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg
1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg
1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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130
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Fernández-Salas JA, Marelli E, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Nolan SP. General and Mild Ni0-Catalyzed α-Arylation of Ketones Using Aryl Chlorides. Chemistry 2015; 21:3906-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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131
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Pan Y, Liu Y, Liu C. An efficient method for the synthesis of nickel phosphide nanocrystals via thermal decomposition of single-source precursors. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00117j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We report an efficient method for the synthesis of nickel phosphide NCs for the first time. The size of Ni2P NCs can be controlled by changing reaction temperature and OAm quantity. The phase of nickel phosphide NCs can be controlled by increasing reaction time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC)
- China University of Petroleum
- Qingdao
| | - Yunqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC)
- China University of Petroleum
- Qingdao
| | - Chenguang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC)
- China University of Petroleum
- Qingdao
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132
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Jezorek RL, Zhang N, Leowanawat P, Bunner MH, Gutsche N, Pesti AKR, Olsen JT, Percec V. Air-Stable Nickel Precatalysts for Fast and Quantitative Cross-Coupling of Aryl Sulfamates with Aryl Neopentylglycolboronates at Room Temperature. Org Lett 2014; 16:6326-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol503061c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L. Jezorek
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Na Zhang
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Pawaret Leowanawat
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Matthew H. Bunner
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Nicholas Gutsche
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Aleksander K. R. Pesti
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - James T. Olsen
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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133
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Jensen KL, Standley EA, Jamison TF. Highly regioselective nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of N-tosylaziridines and alkylzinc reagents. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11145-52. [PMID: 25055180 DOI: 10.1021/ja505823s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the first ligand-controlled, nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of aliphatic N-tosylaziridines with aliphatic organozinc reagents. The reaction protocol displays complete regioselectivity for reaction at the less hindered C-N bond, and the products are furnished in good to excellent yield for a broad selection of substrates. Moreover, we have developed an air-stable nickel(II) chloride/ligand precatalyst that can be handled and stored outside a glovebox. In addition to increasing the activity of this catalyst system, this also greatly improves the practicality of this reaction, as the use of the very air-sensitive Ni(cod)2 is avoided. Finally, mechanistic investigations, including deuterium-labeling studies, show that the reaction proceeds with overall inversion of configuration at the terminal position of the aziridine by way of aziridine ring opening by Ni (inversion), transmetalation (retention), and reductive elimination (retention).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim L Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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