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Morand GB, da Silva SD, Hier MP, Alaoui-Jamali MA. Insights into genetic and epigenetic determinants with impact on vitamin d signaling and cancer association studies: the case of thyroid cancer. Front Oncol 2014; 4:309. [PMID: 25414832 PMCID: PMC4220101 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a key regulator of calcium metabolism and has been implicated as a cancer preventive agent. However, clinical studies have revealed conflicting results on its cancer preventive properties, attributed in part to multiple metabolic and regulatory factors susceptible to affect individual responses to exogenous vitamin D. Vitamin D is obtained from dietary sources and sun exposure, which depends on numerous parameters such as skin type, latitude, and lifestyle factors. Focusing on thyroid cancer (TC), we document that genetic and epigenetic determinants can greatly impact individual response to vitamin D and may outweigh the classical clinical correlative studies that focus on sun exposure/dietary intake factors. In particular, genetic determinants innate to host intrinsic metabolic pathways such as highly polymorphic cytochromes P450s responsible for the metabolic activation of vitamin D are expressed in many organs, including the thyroid gland and can impact vitamin D interaction with its nuclear receptor (VDR) in thyroid tissue. Moreover, downstream regulatory pathways in vitamin D signaling as well as VDR are also subject to wide genetic variability among human populations as shown by genome-wide studies. These genetic variations in multiple components of vitamin D pathways are critical determinants for the revaluation of the potential preventive and anticancer properties of vitamin D in TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire B Morand
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada ; Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Sabrina Daniela da Silva
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada ; Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Michael P Hier
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Moulay A Alaoui-Jamali
- Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
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103
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Hsu CH, Huang CL, Hsu YH, Iqbal U, Nguyen PA, Jian WS. Co-occurrence of second primary malignancy in patients with thyroid cancer. QJM 2014; 107:643-8. [PMID: 24623860 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcu051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discovery of asynchronous or synchronous double or multiple malignancies in patients is not uncommon. The co-occurrence of second primary malignancy (SPM) could be randomly occurring or association with risk factors such as environmental, genetic predisposition and therapy-related. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrieved ∼782 million claim records consisting of 10.8 million males and 10.6 million females from Taiwan's National Health Insurance, which were collected for a period of 3 years (January 2000-December 2002). All the patient records were stratified by gender and ages at a 20-year interval with SPMs and specific groups. Interestingness or Q-value was used to measure strength of the disease-disease associations. RESULTS A total of 9423 thyroid cancer (female: 7483, male: 1940), 276 184 SPM (female: 141 023, male: 135 161) and 861 co-occurrence cases (female: 583, male: 278) were recorded. The co-occurrence incidence rate of head and neck, breast, digestive system and lung was 1.93%, 1.59%, 1.44% and 1.18%, respectively. Malignancy of salivary glands, laryngx, sarcoma, lymphoid tissue, mouth, central nervous system and lungs found Q-value >10. Malignancies with intermediate Q-values (5.0-9.9) were observed in nasopharynx, kidney and ureter, breast, stomach and skin. Prostate, leukemia, urinary bladder, ovary, colon, liver and uterine cervix cancer have lower Q-values (1.0-4.9). CONCLUSION Co-occurrence ratio of thyroid cancer and SPM was high, occurred in all organ systems. We postulated that the aggressive use of modern diagnostic modalities, aggressive radioiodine treatment, pre-existing molecular oncogen mutations, and thyroid hormone for simultaneously supple-mentary and suppressive therapies were responsible.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-H Hsu
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, TaiwanFrom the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, TaiwanFrom the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-L Huang
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-H Hsu
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - U Iqbal
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - P-A Nguyen
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - W-S Jian
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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104
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Abend M, Azizova T, Müller K, Dörr H, Senf S, Kreppel H, Rusinova G, Glazkova I, Vyazovskaya N, Unger K, Meineke V. Independent Validation of Candidate Genes Identified after a Whole Genome Screening on Mayak Workers Exposed to Prolonged Occupational Radiation. Radiat Res 2014; 182:299-309. [DOI: 10.1667/rr13645.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Tamara Azizova
- Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI), Russian Federation, Ozyorsk, Russia
| | - Kerstin Müller
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Dörr
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Senf
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Kreppel
- Bundeswehr Medical Office, Department IX 1, CBRN Med Defence, Munich, Germany
| | - Galina Rusinova
- Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI), Russian Federation, Ozyorsk, Russia
| | - Irina Glazkova
- Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI), Russian Federation, Ozyorsk, Russia
| | - Natalia Vyazovskaya
- Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI), Russian Federation, Ozyorsk, Russia
| | - Kristian Unger
- Research Unit of Radiation Cytogenetics, Integrative Biology Group, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Viktor Meineke
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
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105
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Abend M, Azizova T, Müller K, Dörr H, Senf S, Kreppel H, Rusinova G, Glazkova I, Vyazovskaya N, Schmidl D, Unger K, Meineke V. Gene expression analysis in Mayak workers with prolonged occupational radiation exposure. HEALTH PHYSICS 2014; 106:664-676. [PMID: 24776898 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The authors evaluated gene expression in the peripheral blood in relation to occupational exposure in Mayak workers to find out about the existence of a permanent post exposure signature. Workers were exposed to combined incorporated ²³⁹Pu and external gamma rays (n = 82) or to external gamma rays only (n = 18), and 50 unexposed individuals served as controls. Peripheral blood was taken from workers older than 70 y. RNA was isolated, converted into cDNA, and stored at -20°C. A two-stage study design was performed focusing on examinations on the transcriptional (mRNA) and post-transcriptional level (microRNA). In the first stage, 40 samples were identified for screening purposes and selection of candidate genes. For examinations on the transcriptional level, whole genome microarrays and qRT-PCR were employed on the post-transcriptional level (667 microRNAs). Candidate genes were assessed by (1) introducing a twofold difference in gene expression over the reference group and (2) showing a significant p-value using the Kruskal-Wallis test. From 42,545 transcripts of the whole genome microarray, 376 candidate genes (80 up-regulated and 296 down-regulated relative to the reference group) were selected. Expression of almost all of these genes (70-98%) appeared significantly associated with internal ²³⁹Pu and to a lesser extent were associated with external gamma-ray exposure (2-30%). Associations in the same direction were found for 45 microRNAs. Although both exposures led to modulations of different gene sets in different directions, the authors could detect no differences in gene set enrichment analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Abend
- *Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany; †Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI), Russian Federation; ‡Bundeswehr Medical Office, Department IX 1, CBRN Med Defence, Munich, Germany; §Research Unit of Radiation Cytogenetics, Integrative Biology Group, Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany
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106
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Caria P, Frau DV, Dettori T, Boi F, Lai ML, Mariotti S, Vanni R. Optimizing detection of RET and PPARg rearrangements in thyroid neoplastic cells using a home-brew tetracolor probe. Cancer Cytopathol 2014; 122:377-85. [PMID: 24510380 PMCID: PMC4231233 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to identify specific DNA target sequences in the nuclei of nondividing cells of numerous solid neoplasms has contributed to the introduction of molecular cytogenetics as a useful adjunct to cytology, leading recently to the "marriage" of the 2 disciplines. Numerous cancer molecular markers can now be investigated using different technical approaches, at both the gene and expression levels, in biopsies of various suspected cancers, including differentiated thyroid carcinoma. The limited amount of bioptic material is often insufficient to carry out multiple tests, and optimizing handling of the biopsy is desirable. METHODS We have developed a home-brew tetracolor break-apart probe able to simultaneously identify the 2 most common genetic alterations in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: RET/PTC variants in papillary thyroid carcinoma and PAX8/PPARg fusion and variants in follicular thyroid carcinoma. RESULTS The probe had 100% specificity, 99.5% sensitivity, and ≥ 3% cutoff. The probe was tested on RET/PTC and PAX8/PPARg RT-PCR positive controls, and feasibility was assessed in 368 thyroid nodule fine-needle aspirations (FNA). In the latter analysis, 24 FNAs had split RET signal, and 9 had split PPARg signal. FISH analysis of available surgically removed nodules confirmed the sensitivity of FISH in detecting abnormal clones and oligoclones. CONCLUSIONS The home-brew tetracolor probe showed high feasibility, optimizing the use of the biological material in relation to the available molecular tests and maximizing the FISH experimental and slide-scoring times. This probe may be considered an alternative to RT-PCR when recovery and quality of RNA amplification from FNA are insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Caria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Abend M, Pfeiffer RM, Ruf C, Hatch M, Bogdanova TI, Tronko MD, Hartmann J, Meineke V, Mabuchi K, Brenner AV. Iodine-131 dose-dependent gene expression: alterations in both normal and tumour thyroid tissues of post-Chernobyl thyroid cancers. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:2286-94. [PMID: 24045656 PMCID: PMC3798970 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A strong, consistent association between childhood irradiation and subsequent thyroid cancer provides an excellent model for studying radiation carcinogenesis. METHODS We evaluated gene expression in 63 paired RNA specimens from frozen normal and tumour thyroid tissues with individual iodine-131 (I-131) doses (0.008-8.6 Gy, no unirradiated controls) received from Chernobyl fallout during childhood (Ukrainian-American cohort). Approximately half of these randomly selected samples (32 tumour/normal tissue RNA specimens) were hybridised on 64 whole-genome microarrays (Agilent, 4 × 44 K). Associations between I-131 dose and gene expression were assessed separately in normal and tumour tissues using Kruskal-Wallis and linear trend tests. Of 155 genes significantly associated with I-131 after Bonferroni correction and with ≥2-fold increase per dose category, we selected 95 genes. On the remaining 31 RNA samples these genes were used for validation purposes using qRT-PCR. RESULTS Expression of eight genes (ABCC3, C1orf9, C6orf62, FGFR1OP2, HEY2, NDOR1, STAT3, and UCP3) in normal tissue and six genes (ANKRD46, CD47, HNRNPH1, NDOR1, SCEL, and SERPINA1) in tumour tissue was significantly associated with I-131. PANTHER/DAVID pathway analyses demonstrated significant over-representation of genes coding for nucleic acid binding in normal and tumour tissues, and for p53, EGF, and FGF signalling pathways in tumour tissue. CONCLUSION The multistep process of radiation carcinogenesis begins in histologically normal thyroid tissue and may involve dose-dependent gene expression changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
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