101
|
Izzotti A, Carozzo S, Pulliero A, Zhabayeva D, Ravetti JL, Bersimbaev R. Extracellular MicroRNA in liquid biopsy: applicability in cancer diagnosis and prevention. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:1461-1493. [PMID: 27508091 PMCID: PMC4969398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the goals of contemporary cancer research is the development of new markers that facilitate earlier and non-invasive diagnosis. MicroRNAs are non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression; studies have shown that their expression levels are altered in cancer. Recently, extra-cellular microRNAs have been detected in biological fluids and studied as possible cancer markers that can be detected by noninvasive procedures. In this review, we analyze the current understanding of extracellular miRNAs based on clinical studies to establish their possible use for the prevention of the most common tumors. Despite discrepancies among different studies of the same cancers, panels of specific extracellular microRNAs are emerging as a new tool for the secondary (selection of high-risk individuals to undergo screening) and tertiary (relapse) prevention of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of GenoaItaly
- IRCCS AOU San Martino ISTGenoa Italy
| | | | | | - Dinara Zhabayeva
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Inst. of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, L.N. Gumyliov Eurasian National UniversityAstana, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Rakhmet Bersimbaev
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Inst. of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, L.N. Gumyliov Eurasian National UniversityAstana, Kazakhstan
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Zheng GX, Qu AL, Yang YM, Zhang X, Zhang SC, Wang CX. miR-422a is an independent prognostic factor and functions as a potential tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5589-5597. [PMID: 27350737 PMCID: PMC4917619 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i24.5589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the expression of miR-422a in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and to further explore the prognostic value and function of miR-422a in CRC carcinogenesis.
METHODS: miR-422a expression was analyzed in 102 CRC tissues and paired normal mucosa adjacent to carcinoma by quantitative real-time PCR. The relationship of miR-422a expression with clinicopathological parameters was also analyzed. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox multivariate analysis were performed to estimate the potential role of miR-422a. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were used for in vitro functional analysis of miR-422a.
RESULTS: The levels of miR-422a were dramatically reduced in CRC tissues compared with normal mucosa (P < 0.05), and significantly correlated with local invasion (P = 0.004) and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression multivariate analyses revealed that miR-422a expression (HR = 0.568, P = 0.015) and clinical TNM stage (HR = 2.942, P = 0.003) were independent prognostic factors for overall survival in CRC patients. Furthermore, in vitro experiments showed that overexpression of miR-422a inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of SW480 and HT-29 cells.
CONCLUSION: Down-regulation of miR-422a may serve as an independent prognosis factor in CRC. MiR-422a functions as a tumor suppressor and regulates progression of CRC.
Collapse
|
103
|
Larrea E, Sole C, Manterola L, Goicoechea I, Armesto M, Arestin M, Caffarel MM, Araujo AM, Araiz M, Fernandez-Mercado M, Lawrie CH. New Concepts in Cancer Biomarkers: Circulating miRNAs in Liquid Biopsies. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050627. [PMID: 27128908 PMCID: PMC4881453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective and efficient management of cancer patients relies upon early diagnosis and/or the monitoring of treatment, something that is often difficult to achieve using standard tissue biopsy techniques. Biological fluids such as blood hold great possibilities as a source of non-invasive cancer biomarkers that can act as surrogate markers to biopsy-based sampling. The non-invasive nature of these “liquid biopsies” ultimately means that cancer detection may be earlier and that the ability to monitor disease progression and/or treatment response represents a paradigm shift in the treatment of cancer patients. Below, we review one of the most promising classes of circulating cancer biomarkers: microRNAs (miRNAs). In particular, we will consider their history, the controversy surrounding their origin and biology, and, most importantly, the hurdles that remain to be overcome if they are really to become part of future clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Larrea
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Carla Sole
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Lorea Manterola
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Ibai Goicoechea
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - María Armesto
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - María Arestin
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - María M Caffarel
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Angela M Araujo
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - María Araiz
- Hematology Department, Donostia Hospital, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | | | - Charles H Lawrie
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Diverse human extracellular RNAs are widely detected in human plasma. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11106. [PMID: 27112789 PMCID: PMC4853467 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing appreciation for the importance of non-protein-coding genes in development and disease. Although much is known about microRNAs, limitations in bioinformatic analyses of RNA sequencing have precluded broad assessment of other forms of small-RNAs in humans. By analysing sequencing data from plasma-derived RNA from 40 individuals, here we identified over a thousand human extracellular RNAs including microRNAs, piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA), and small nucleolar RNAs. Using a targeted quantitative PCR with reverse transcription approach in an additional 2,763 individuals, we characterized almost 500 of the most abundant extracellular transcripts including microRNAs, piRNAs and small nucleolar RNAs. The presence in plasma of many non-microRNA small-RNAs was confirmed in an independent cohort. We present comprehensive data to demonstrate the broad and consistent detection of diverse classes of circulating non-cellular small-RNAs from a large population. Extracellular miRNAs are present in a variety of bodily fluids. Here, Freedman et al. analysed plasma-derived RNA by RNA-seq from 40 people followed by targeted RT-qPCR in an additional 2,763 people, and report over 1,000 extracellular RNAs including microRNAs, piwi-interacting RNA and small nucleolar RNAs.
Collapse
|
105
|
Wong N, Khwaja SS, Baker CM, Gay HA, Thorstad WL, Daly MD, Lewis JS, Wang X. Prognostic microRNA signatures derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Cancer Med 2016; 5:1619-28. [PMID: 27109697 PMCID: PMC4944889 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of novel prognostic biomarkers typically requires a large dataset which provides sufficient statistical power for discovery research. To this end, we took advantage of the high‐throughput data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to identify a set of prognostic biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) including oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and other subtypes. In this study, we analyzed miRNA‐seq data obtained from TCGA patients to identify prognostic biomarkers for OPSCC. The identified miRNAs were further tested with an independent cohort. miRNA‐seq data from TCGA was also analyzed to identify prognostic miRNAs in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Our study identified that miR‐193b‐3p and miR‐455‐5p were positively associated with survival, and miR‐92a‐3p and miR‐497‐5p were negatively associated with survival in OPSCC. A combined expression signature of these four miRNAs was prognostic of overall survival in OPSCC, and more importantly, this signature was validated in an independent OPSCC cohort. Furthermore, we identified four miRNAs each in OSCC and LSCC that were prognostic of survival, and combined signatures were specific for subtypes of HNSCC. A robust 4‐miRNA prognostic signature in OPSCC, as well as prognostic signatures in other subtypes of HNSCC, was developed using sequencing data from TCGA as the primary source. This demonstrates the power of using TCGA as a potential resource to develop prognostic tools for improving individualized patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Shariq S Khwaja
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Callie M Baker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Hiram A Gay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Wade L Thorstad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Mackenzie D Daly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - James S Lewis
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Feng S, Zhu X, Fan B, Xie D, Li T, Zhang X. miR‑19a‑3p targets PMEPA1 and induces prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:4030-8. [PMID: 27035427 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignant tumors in men. Studies have observed that microRNA (miR)‑19a‑3p expression levels are downregulated in several types of cancer, and yet the biological function and its underlying mechanisms in the pathogenesis of PCa remain unclear. In the current study, the expression pattern of miR‑19a‑3p in PCa tissues and cell lines was detected by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The proliferative, migratory and invasive capacity of PCa cells were determined using EdU and Transwell assays following transfection with miR‑19a‑3p mimics. Additionally, the current study investigated the biological impact and regulation of prostate transmembrane protein androgen induced 1 (PMEPA1) in PCa cells by transfection with PMEPA1 small interfering (si)RNA. It was observed that miR‑19a‑3p was upregulated in PCa tissue samples and cell lines in vitro. Functional analysis also confirmed that miR‑19a‑3p overexpression promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of PCa cells. Furthermore, PMEPA1 was identified as a direct target of miR‑19a‑3p, and siRNA knockdown of PMEPA1 resulted in increased proliferation, migration and invasion of PCa cells, which partially accounts for the effect of miR‑19a‑3p in tumor metastasis. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggest that the upregulation of miR‑19a‑3p expression levels contributes to tumor progression and that one of its underlying mechanisms involves inhibition of PMEPA1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Feng
- Institute of Uro‑Nephrology, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Xuhui Zhu
- Institute of Uro‑Nephrology, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Bohan Fan
- Institute of Uro‑Nephrology, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Dawei Xie
- Institute of Uro‑Nephrology, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Institute of Uro‑Nephrology, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Institute of Uro‑Nephrology, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Chi Y, Zhou D. MicroRNAs in colorectal carcinoma--from pathogenesis to therapy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:43. [PMID: 26964533 PMCID: PMC4787051 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0320-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Acting as inflammatory mediators, tumor oncogenes or suppressors, microRNAs are involved in cell survival, death, epithelial–mesenchymal transition and metastasis, etc. Investigating the communication between microRNAs and tumorigenesis is critical to our understanding of the pathogenesis of multiple disease states. Main body Currently, colorectal carcinoma (CRC), one of the most common malignancies worldwide, has a poor prognosis due to lack of an effective therapeutic option. Increasing evidence has identified altered profiles and regulatory potential of microRNAs in conditions related to environmentally-caused colorectal inflammation and colitis-associated cancer. Many studies have shed light on a more thorough understanding of the function and distribution of microRNAs in CRC initiation and emergence. However, the molecular mechanisms by which microRNAs modulate cellular processes still need to be further elucidated and may offer a foundation for evaluating microRNA-based therapeutic potential for CRC in both animal models and clinical trials. Conclusion In this review, the roles and mechanisms of microRNAs involved in CRC from pathogenesis to therapy are summarized and discussed, which may provide more useful hints for CRC prevention and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Chi
- Vaccine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Dongming Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Mismatch Repair and Colon Cancer: Mechanisms and Therapies Explored. Trends Mol Med 2016; 22:274-289. [PMID: 26970951 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. In sporadic CRC, mutations frequently occur in the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway. In addition, germline MMR mutations have been linked to Lynch syndrome, the most common form of hereditary CRC. Although genetic mutations, diet, inflammation, and the gut microbiota can influence CRC, it is unclear how MMR deficiency relates to these factors to modulate disease. In this review, the association of MMR to the etiology of CRC is examined, particularly in the context of microRNAs (miRNAs), inflammation, and the microbiome. We also discuss the most current targeted therapies, methods of prevention, and molecular biomarkers against MMR-deficient CRC, all of which are encouraging advancements in the field.
Collapse
|
109
|
Yan L, Zhao W, Yu H, Wang Y, Liu Y, Xie C. A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of MicroRNAs for Predicting Colorectal Cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2738. [PMID: 26945359 PMCID: PMC4782843 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been defined as a common malignancy due to its prevailing incidence in both males and females. Recently, the intrinsic value of microRNAs (miRNAs) with respect to early cancer diagnosis has been contentious as the diagnostic accuracy of miRNAs significantly varied across different studies. As a result of this, this pioneer meta-analysis was proposed to address this issue. Qualified studies were obtained through electronic systematical searching in Medline, Embase, and PubMed. On the basis of the random-effects model, we calculated the pooled sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) to assess the diagnostic accuracy of miRNAs. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were implemented to determine how different confounding factors affect the overall diagnostic accuracy which were considered important sources of heterogeneity. All the statistical analyses were conducted with R 3.2.1 software. We incorporated 103 studies from 36 articles with a total of 3124 CRC patients and 2579 healthy individuals. MiRNAs have a good performance with the following pooled estimates: SEN = 0.769 (95% CI = 0.733-0.802), SPE = 0.806 (95% CI = 0.781-0.829), AUC = 0.857, and partial AUC = 0.773. As suggested by subgroup analyses and meta-regression, multiple miRNAs appeared to be more favorable than single miRNA (AUC: 0.918 > 0.813, partial AUC: 0.848 > 0.701, sensitivity = 0.853 > 0.718, specificity = 0.860 > 0.772). Compared with samples of plasma, blood, tissue, and feces, miRNA obtained from serum samples were more powerful for detecting CRC particularly in Asian. Our study provided exclusive evidence that multiple miRNAs extracted from serum samples had superior diagnostic performance over single miRNA for screening CRC. Therefore, this approach that is characterized by high specificity and noninvasive nature may assist in early diagnosis of CRC particularly in Asian.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yan
- From the Department of Oncology and Pneumology (LY, YW), Shandong Jiaotong Hospital; Department of Oncology (WZ, YL) ; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery (HY), Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University; and The Third Department of Internal Medicine (CX), Shandong Tumor Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
110
|
Cekaite L, Eide PW, Lind GE, Skotheim RI, Lothe RA. MicroRNAs as growth regulators, their function and biomarker status in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:6476-505. [PMID: 26623728 PMCID: PMC4872728 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene expression is in part regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). This review summarizes the current knowledge of miRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC); their role as growth regulators, the mechanisms that regulate the miRNAs themselves and the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers. Although thousands of tissue samples and bodily fluids from CRC patients have been investigated for biomarker potential of miRNAs (>160 papers presented in a comprehensive tables), none single miRNA nor miRNA expression signatures are in clinical use for this disease. More than 500 miRNA-target pairs have been identified in CRC and we discuss how these regulatory nodes interconnect and affect signaling pathways in CRC progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Cekaite
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter W. Eide
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guro E. Lind
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rolf I. Skotheim
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild A. Lothe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Zhou X, Ji G, Chen H, Jin W, Yin C, Zhang G. Clinical role of circulating miR-223 as a novel biomarker in early diagnosis of cancer patients. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:16890-16898. [PMID: 26629240 PMCID: PMC4659128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current diagnostic procedures of cancers are invasive and non-specific. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have become promising molecular markers for gastric cancer (GC) predication. However, there have been inconsistencies in the literature regarding the suitability of circulating miRNAs for early detection of cancers. METHODS We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to integrate an evaluation index for diagnostic accuracy of miR-223 in diagnosing cancer patients. Furthermore, we conducted an independent validation set of 50 gastric cancer patients and 50 healthy controls comparing miR-223 expression. We also analyzed miR-223 expression in vitro. RESULTS A total of 11 studies met the inclusion criteria and therefore included in this meta-analysis. We found that miR-223 yielded a pooled area under ROC curve (AUC) of 0.89 (sensitivity: 81%, specificity: 84%) in discriminating cancer from controls. In our validation test, plasma miR-223 levels in GC patients were significantly higher than that in healthy controls (P<0.01). ROC curve analysis showed that AUC was 0.812 with a sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 80%. Moreover, the expression trend of miR-223 in plasma samples was in accordance with that of tissue and cell samples. CONCLUSION Current evidences suggested that plasma miR-223 could be a reliable and non-invasive biomarker for cancer diagnosis. Further large-scale prospective studies are necessary to validate their potential applicability in human cancer diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
- First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
| | - Guoping Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
- First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
- First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
| | - Wujuan Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
- First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
| | - Chengqiang Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
- First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
- First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Cheruku HR, Mohamedali A, Cantor DI, Tan SH, Nice EC, Baker MS. Transforming growth factor-β, MAPK and Wnt signaling interactions in colorectal cancer. EUPA OPEN PROTEOMICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euprot.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
113
|
Hsa-miR-19a is associated with lymph metastasis and mediates the TNF-α induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13350. [PMID: 26302825 PMCID: PMC5388049 DOI: 10.1038/srep13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis is an important factor determining the outcome of colorectal cancer. Although epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), TNF-α and microRNA (miRNA) have been found to play important roles in lymph node metastasis, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here we reported that high expression of microRNA-19a (miR-19a) was associated with lymph node metastasis and played an important role in TNF-α-induced EMT in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. We analyzed miR-19a expression in surgical tissue specimens from 11 CRC patients and 275 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded CRC patients. We found that miR-19a was up-regulated in CRC tissues and high expression of miR-19a was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis. We further analyzed miR-19a lymph node metastasis signature in an external validation cohort of 311 CRC cases of the TCGA. MiR-19a was found to be significantly associated with lymph node metastasis in rectal cancer. In vitro, we showed that overexpression of miR-19a in human CRC cell lines promoted cell invasion and EMT. Furthermore, miR-19a was up-regulated by TNF-α and miR-19a was required for TNF-α-induced EMT and metastasis in CRC cells. Collectively, miR-19a played an important role in mediating EMT and metastatic behavior in CRC. It may serve as a potential marker of lymph node metastasis.
Collapse
|
114
|
Wei B, Huang Q, Zhong X. Upregulation of nucleostemin in colorectal cancer and its effects on cell malignancy. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:1805-14. [PMID: 26229488 PMCID: PMC4516200 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s78461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Nucleostemin (NS) is a new protein localized in the nucleolus of most stem cells and tumor cells, which regulates their self-renewal and cell cycle progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of NS in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the effects of NS knockdown in the Sw620 cell line to provide basis for clinical target therapy. Methods NS expression in 372 patients with CRC and 367 normal participants was assessed using immunohistochemistry. The expression level of NS gene was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction. Then, the relationship among NS expression, clinicopathological features, and prognosis was analyzed. Silencing of NS expression was achieved by using NS-specific small-interfering RNAs. The viability and growth rate of Sw620 cells were determined by proliferation and invasion assays. Cell cycle distribution of the cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results High NS expression was positively related with node metastasis, distant metastasis, and TNM stage. In Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, patients with low NS expression always had significantly longer survival time than those with high expression. Moreover, our results showed that knockdown of NS expression inhibited proliferation and viability of Sw620 cells in a time-dependent manner. Cell cycle studies revealed that NS depletion resulted in G1 cell cycle arrest at short times of transfection (24 hours), followed with apoptosis at longer times (48 hours and 72 hours), suggesting that post-G1 arrest apoptosis occurred in Sw620 cells. Conclusion Overall, these results point to the essential role of NS in Sw620 cells; thus, this gene might be considered a promising target for treatment of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology and Peripheral Vascular Surgery, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoying Huang
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine Research, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaogang Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Peripheral Vascular Surgery, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Jafri MA, Zaidi SK, Ansari SA, Al-Qahtani MH, Shay JW. MicroRNAs as potential drug targets for therapeutic intervention in colorectal cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:1705-23. [PMID: 26189482 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1069816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (19 - 22 nucleotide), non-protein-coding RNA segments that function as master regulators of hundreds of genes simultaneously in both normal and malignant cells. In colorectal cancer (CRC) miRNAs are deregulated and have critical roles in initiation and progression of CRC by interacting with various oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes including APC, KRAS and p53, or by modulating downstream signal transduction pathways. Numerous promising miRNAs have emerged as potential drug targets for therapeutic intervention and possible candidates for replacement therapy in CRC. AREAS COVERED In this review the authors summarize the available information on miRNAs and their role in CRC. The authors point out specific miRNAs as potential drug targets and those having a significant role in gene activation and gene silencing during the process of CRC development, to highlight their importance as possible therapeutic candidates for the treatment of CRC. EXPERT OPINION Targeting miRNAs provides an emerging opportunity to develop effective miRNA-based replacement therapy or antagonists to alter expression in colon cancer patient tumors. However, the biggest challenge is to overcome obstacles associated with pharmacokinetics, delivery and toxicity in order to translate the potential of miRNAs into efficacious anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alam Jafri
- a 1 King Abdulaziz University, Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Kashif Zaidi
- a 1 King Abdulaziz University, Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakeel Ahmed Ansari
- a 1 King Abdulaziz University, Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jerry W Shay
- a 1 King Abdulaziz University, Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,b 2 UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Cell Biology , Dallas, TX, USA +1 214 648 4201 ; +1 214 648 5814 ;
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Matsumura T, Sugimachi K, Iinuma H, Takahashi Y, Kurashige J, Sawada G, Ueda M, Uchi R, Ueo H, Takano Y, Shinden Y, Eguchi H, Yamamoto H, Doki Y, Mori M, Ochiya T, Mimori K. Exosomal microRNA in serum is a novel biomarker of recurrence in human colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:275-81. [PMID: 26057451 PMCID: PMC4506387 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Functional microRNAs (miRNAs) in exosomes have been recognised as potential stable biomarkers in cancers. The aim of this study is to identify specific miRNAs in exosome as serum biomarkers for the early detection of recurrence in human colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: Serum samples were sequentially obtained from six patients with and without recurrent CRC. The miRNAs were purified from exosomes, and miRNA microarray analysis was performed. The miRNA expression profiles and copy number aberrations were explored using microarray and array CGH analyses in 124 CRC tissues. Then, we validated exosomal miRNAs in 2 serum sample sets (90 and 209 CRC patients) by quantitative real-time RT–PCR. Results: Exosomal miR-17-92a cluster expression level in serum was correlated with the recurrence of CRC. Exosomal miR-19a expression levels in serum were significantly increased in patients with CRC as compared with healthy individuals with gene amplification. The CRC patients with high exosomal miR-19a expression showed poorer prognoses than the low expression group (P<0.001). Conclusions: Abundant expression of exosomal miR-19a in serum was identified as a prognostic biomarker for recurrence in CRC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Matsumura
- 1] Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838, Japan [2] Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Sugimachi
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838, Japan
| | - H Iinuma
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Y Takahashi
- 1] Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838, Japan [2] Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - J Kurashige
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838, Japan
| | - G Sawada
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838, Japan
| | - M Ueda
- 1] Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838, Japan [2] Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - R Uchi
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838, Japan
| | - H Ueo
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838, Japan
| | - Y Takano
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838, Japan
| | - Y Shinden
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838, Japan
| | - H Eguchi
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838, Japan
| | - H Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - M Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - K Mimori
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Weng W, Feng J, Qin H, Ma Y, Goel A. An update on miRNAs as biological and clinical determinants in colorectal cancer: a bench-to-bedside approach. Future Oncol 2015; 11:1791-808. [PMID: 26075447 PMCID: PMC4489702 DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinogenesis represents a sequential progression of normal colonic mucosa from adenoma to carcinoma. It has become apparent that miRNA deregulation contributes to the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). These oncogenic or tumor-suppressive miRNAs interact with intracellular signaling networks and lead to alteration of cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis and even response to chemotherapeutic treatments. This article aims to review the cutting edge progress in the discovery of the role of novel mechanisms for miRNAs in the development of CRC. We will also discuss the potential use of miRNAs as biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of CRC. Furthermore, with advancements in RNA delivery technology, it is anticipated that manipulation of miRNAs may offer an alternative therapy for CRC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Weng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Junlan Feng
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Huanlong Qin
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yanlei Ma
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research & Center for Epigenetics, Cancer Prevention & Cancer Genomics, Baylor Research Institute & Charles A Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Frey KG, Bishop-Lilly KA. Next-Generation Sequencing for Pathogen Detection and Identification. METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mim.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|