101
|
Korol L. MODELING IN VITRO PATHWAYS OF ACTIVATION OF LIPID PEROXIDATION AND PROTEIN IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 61:92-7. [DOI: 10.15407/fz61.04.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
102
|
Abstract
Oxygen is used by eukaryotic cells for metabolic transformations and energy production in mitochondria. Under physiological conditions, there is a constant endogenous production of intermediates of reactive oxygen (ROI) and nitrogen species (RNI) that interact as signaling molecules in physiological mechanisms. When these species are not eliminated by antioxidants or are produced in excess, oxidative stress arises. Oxidative stress can damage proteins, lipids, DNA, and organelles. It is a process directly linked to inflammation; in fact, inflammatory cells secrete a large number of cytokines and chemokines responsible for the production of ROI and RNI in phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells through the activation of protein kinases signaling. Currently, there is a wide variety of diseases capable of producing inflammatory manifestations. While, in the short term, most of these diseases are not fatal they have a major impact on life quality. Since there is a direct relationship between chronic inflammation and many emerging disorders like cancer, oral diseases, kidney diseases, fibromyalgia, gastrointestinal chronic diseases or rheumatics diseases, the aim of this review is to describe the use and role of melatonin, a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, that works directly and indirectly as a free radical scavenger, like a potent antioxidant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aroha Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Joan XXIII Avenue, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Ana Cristina Calpena
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Joan XXIII Avenue, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Clares
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja Street, Granada 18071, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Rajapakse NW, Nanayakkara S, Kaye DM. Pathogenesis and treatment of the cardiorenal syndrome: Implications of L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway impairment. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 154:1-12. [PMID: 25989232 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A highly complex interplay exists between the heart and kidney in the setting of both normal and abnormal physiology. In the context of heart failure, a pathophysiological condition termed the cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) exists whereby dysfunction in the heart or kidney can accelerate pathology in the other organ. The mechanisms that underpin CRS are complex, and include neuro-hormonal activation, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. The endothelium plays a central role in the regulation of both cardiac and renal function, and as such impairments in endothelial function can lead to dysfunction of both these organs. In particular, reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) is a key pathophysiologic component of endothelial dysfunction. The synthesis of NO by the endothelium is critically dependent on the plasmalemmal transport of its substrate, L-arginine, via the cationic amino acid transporter-1 (CAT1). Impaired L-arginine-NO pathway activity has been demonstrated individually in heart and renal failure. Recent findings suggest abnormalities of the L-arginine-NO pathway also play a role in the pathogenesis of CRS and thus this pathway may represent a potential new target for the treatment of heart and renal failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niwanthi W Rajapakse
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | | | - David M Kaye
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne Australia; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Chronic kidney disease influences multiple systems: describing the relationship between oxidative stress, inflammation, kidney damage, and concomitant disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:806358. [PMID: 25861414 PMCID: PMC4377508 DOI: 10.1155/2015/806358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by increased levels of oxidative stress and inflammation. Oxidative stress and inflammation promote renal injury via damage to molecular components of the kidney. Unfortunately, relationships between inflammation and oxidative stress are cyclical in that the inflammatory processes that exist to repair radical-mediated damage may be a source of additional free radicals, resulting in further damage to renal tissue. Oxidative stress and inflammation also have the ability to become systemic, serving to injure tissues distal to the site of original insult. This review describes select mediators in the exacerbatory relationship between oxidative stress, inflammation, and CKD. This review also discusses oxidative stress, inflammation, and CKD as they pertain to the development and progression of common CKD-associated comorbidities. Lastly, the utility of several widely accessible and cost-effective lifestyle interventions and their ability to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation are discussed and recommendations for future research are provided.
Collapse
|
105
|
Terawaki Y, Nomiyama T, Takahashi H, Tsutsumi Y, Murase K, Nagaishi R, Tanabe M, Kudo T, Kobayashi K, Yasuno T, Nakashima H, Yanase T. Efficacy of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing hemodialysis. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2015; 7:44. [PMID: 25995772 PMCID: PMC4438630 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-015-0043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incretin therapy is feasible in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing hemodialysis (HD). However, few studies have examined the safety and efficacy of this therapeutic approach in patients with diabetes and renal impairment. Here, we examined glycemic control and the anti-oxidative-stress effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor linagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing HD. METHODS Thirty-five patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing HD (including 13 insulin-treated patients) were switched from ongoing therapy to linagliptin (5 mg, once daily). Levels of fasting blood glucose, C-peptide immunoreactivity (CPR), glycated albumin, B-type natriuretic peptide, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG), body mass index, blood pressure, and other biologic characteristics (liver function, renal function, lipid profile) were determined before and 3 months after linagliptin treatment. Patients were classified into insulin-treated and non-insulin groups. RESULTS With the exception of levels of total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, and CPR, none of the patients exhibited changes in glucose metabolism after switching to linagliptin treatment. However, oxLDL levels were decreased significantly by linagliptin therapy in the non-insulin-treated group despite the absence of changes in glycemic control. CONCLUSION Linagliptin can decrease serum levels of oxLDL in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing HD independent of its glucose-lowering effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Terawaki
- />Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180 Japan
| | - Takashi Nomiyama
- />Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- />Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180 Japan
| | - Yoko Tsutsumi
- />Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180 Japan
| | - Kunitaka Murase
- />Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180 Japan
| | - Ryoko Nagaishi
- />Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180 Japan
| | - Makito Tanabe
- />Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180 Japan
| | - Tadachika Kudo
- />Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, 1-1-1 Zokumyouin, Chikushino, Fukuoka 818-0067 Japan
| | - Kunihisa Kobayashi
- />Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, 1-1-1 Zokumyouin, Chikushino, Fukuoka 818-0067 Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko Yasuno
- />Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuoka University, School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nakashima
- />Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuoka University, School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180 Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yanase
- />Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Decursin attenuates hepatic fibrogenesis through interrupting TGF-beta-mediated NAD(P)H oxidase activation and Smad signaling in vivo and in vitro. Life Sci 2014; 108:94-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
107
|
Tanaka M, Fukui M, Okada H, Senmaru T, Asano M, Akabame S, Yamazaki M, Tomiyasu KI, Oda Y, Hasegawa G, Toda H, Nakamura N. Low serum bilirubin concentration is a predictor of chronic kidney disease. Atherosclerosis 2014; 234:421-5. [PMID: 24763407 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem. It is very important to identify the factors that affect CKD. Previous studies have reported that serum bilirubin concentration was positively correlated with renal function in a cross-sectional study. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum bilirubin concentration and the progression of CKD. METHODS A cohort study was performed on a consecutive series of 2784 subjects without CKD, defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2), at baseline. We analyzed the relationship between serum total bilirubin concentration at baseline and new-onset CKD in the general population. RESULTS We followed the subjects for a median period of 7.7 years. There were 1157 females and 1627 males, and 231 females and 370 males developed CKD during this period. Multiple Cox regression analyses revealed that serum total bilirubin concentration (hazard ratio (HR) per 1.0 μmol/L increase 0.97 (95% CI 0.95-0.99), P = 0.0084) in addition to age, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), uric acid (UA), creatinine and medication for hypertension in men and serum total bilirubin concentration (HR per 1.0 μmol/L increase 0.96 (95% CI 0.93-1.00), P = 0.0309) in addition to age, GGT, alanine aminotransferase, UA, creatinine and medication for dyslipidemia in women were independent predictors of new-onset CKD, after adjusting for confounders. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that serum total bilirubin concentration could be a novel risk factor for the progression of CKD, defined as eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2), in the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhei Tanaka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Michiaki Fukui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Okada
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Takafumi Senmaru
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Mai Asano
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
| | | | - Masahiro Yamazaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
| | | | - Yohei Oda
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Goji Hasegawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Toda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oike Clinic, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoto Nakamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing health problem with increasing incidence. The annual mortality of end-stage renal disease patients is about 9%, which is 10–20 fold higher than the general population, approximately 50% of these deaths are due to cardiovascular (CV) disease. CV risk factors, such as diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, are strongly associated with poor outcome. Many other nontraditional risk factors such as inflammation, infection, oxidative stress, anemia, and malnutrition are also present. In this review we will focus on the role of oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease.
Collapse
|
109
|
Gómez-Díaz RA, García-Bello JA, Mondragón-González R, Díaz-Flores M, Valladares-Salgado A, Gallardo JM, Talavera JO, Wacher NH. Metabolic Syndrome in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease: PON1 and Treatment Modality. Arch Med Res 2013; 44:645-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
110
|
Bose B, Badve SV, Hiremath SS, Boudville N, Brown FG, Cass A, de Zoysa JR, Fassett RG, Faull R, Harris DC, Hawley CM, Kanellis J, Palmer SC, Perkovic V, Pascoe EM, Rangan GK, Walker RJ, Walters G, Johnson DW. Effects of uric acid-lowering therapy on renal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 29:406-13. [PMID: 24042021 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-randomized studies suggest an association between serum uric acid levels and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this systematic review is to summarize evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concerning the benefits and risks of uric acid-lowering therapy on renal outcomes. METHODS Medline, Excerpta Medical Database and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched with English language restriction for RCTs comparing the effect of uric acid-lowering therapy with placebo/no treatment on renal outcomes. Treatment effects were summarized using random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Eight trials (476 participants) evaluating allopurinol treatment were eligible for inclusion. There was substantial heterogeneity in baseline kidney function, cause of CKD and duration of follow-up across these studies. In five trials, there was no significant difference in change in glomerular filtration rate from baseline between the allopurinol and control arms [mean difference (MD) 3.1 mL/min/1.73 m2, 95% confidence intervals (CI) -0.9, 7.1; heterogeneity χ2=1.9, I2=0%, P=0.75]. In three trials, allopurinol treatment abrogated increases in serum creatinine from baseline (MD -0.4 mg/dL, 95% CI -0.8, -0.0 mg/dL; heterogeneity χ2=3, I2=34%, P=0.22). Allopurinol had no effect on proteinuria and blood pressure. Data for effects of allopurinol therapy on progression to end-stage kidney disease and death were scant. Allopurinol had uncertain effects on the risks of adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Uric acid-lowering therapy with allopurinol may retard the progression of CKD. However, adequately powered randomized trials are required to evaluate the benefits and risks of uric acid-lowering therapy in CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhadran Bose
- Department of Nephrology, University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
111
|
Waldum B, Os I. The cardiorenal syndrome: what the cardiologist needs to know. Cardiology 2013; 126:175-86. [PMID: 24022166 DOI: 10.1159/000353261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between the heart and the kidneys are increasingly acknowledged among both cardiologists and nephrologists. The term cardiorenal syndrome now applies to the bidirectional nature of how disease in one organ system affects the function of the other organ system. Cardiovascular disease is a major threat to patients with chronic kidney disease, while renal dysfunction is prevalent in patients with cardiac disease and is a significant predictor of prognosis in cardiac patients. Still, renal patients with cardiac disease have largely been excluded from the clinical trials that have been the basis of modern cardiologic treatment. In this review, the current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the cardiorenal syndrome and potential therapeutic implications will be summarized from a nephrologist's point of view. Probably, fragile cardiorenal patients will benefit from an enhanced collaboration between cardiologists and nephrologists to secure the best treatment given under safe conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bård Waldum
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|
112
|
Rangel-López A, Paniagua-Medina ME, Urbán-Reyes M, Cortes-Arredondo M, Alvarez-Aguilar C, López-Meza J, Ochoa-Zarzosa A, Lindholm B, García-López E, Paniagua JR. Genetic damage in patients with chronic kidney disease, peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis: a comparative study. Mutagenesis 2013; 28:219-25. [PMID: 23408844 PMCID: PMC3570793 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ges075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have signs of genomic instability and, as a consequence, extensive genetic damage, possibly due to accumulation of uraemic toxins, oxidative stress mediators and other endogenous substances with genotoxic properties. We explored factors associated with the presence and background levels of genetic damage in CKD. A cross-sectional study was performed in 91 CKD patients including pre-dialysis (CKD patients; n = 23) and patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD; n = 33) or haemodialysis (HD; n = 35) and with 61 healthy subjects, divided into two subgroups with the older group being in the age range of the patients, serving as controls. Alkaline comet assay and cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes were used to determine DNA and chromosome damage, respectively, present in CKD. Markers of oxidative stress [malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), thiols, advanced oxidation protein products and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine] and markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha) were also measured. Micronucleus (MN) frequency was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the CKD group (46±4‰) when compared with the older control (oC) group (27.7±14). A significant increase in MN frequency (P < 0.05) was also seen in PD patients (41.9±14‰) versus the oC group. There was no statistically significant difference for the HD group (29.7±15.6‰; P = NS) versus the oC group. Comet assay data showed a significant increase (P < 0.001) of tail DNA intensity in cells of patients with CKD (15.6±7%) with respect to the total control (TC) group (11±1%). PD patients (14.8±7%) also have a significant increase (P < 0.001) versus the TC group. Again, there was no statistically significant difference for the HD group (12.5±3%) compared with the TC group. Patients with MN values in the upper quartile had increased cholesterol, triglycerides, AGEs and MDA levels and lower albumin levels. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that male gender, diabetes and treatment modality were independently associated with higher levels of DNA damage. Our results suggest that oxidative stress, diabetes, gender and dialysis modality in CKD patients increased DNA and chromosome damage. To confirm these data, prospective clinical trials need to be performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Rangel-López
- Medical Research Unit on Nephrological Diseases, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Centre, Century XXI, Mexican Institute for Social Security (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
113
|
Quimby JM, Maranon DG, Battaglia CLR, McLeland SM, Brock WT, Bailey SM. Feline chronic kidney disease is associated with shortened telomeres and increased cellular senescence. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 305:F295-303. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00527.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are protective structures at the ends of chromosomes that have important implications for aging. To address the question of whether telomeres contribute to feline chronic kidney disease (CKD), we evaluated kidney, liver, and skin samples from 12 cats with naturally occurring CKD, 12 young normal cats, and 6 old normal cats. Telomere length was assessed using standard telomere fluorescent in situ hybridization (TEL-FISH) combined with immunohistochemistry (TELI-FISH) to identify proximal (PTEC) and distal tubular epithelial cells (DTEC), whereas senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SABG) staining was used to evaluate senescence. Results revealed statistically significant decreases in the average telomere fluorescence intensity (TFI) of PTEC in CKD cats compared with young and geriatric normal cats, and in the DTEC of CKD cats compared with young normal cats. When histograms of individual TFI were compared, statistically significant decreases in the PTEC and DTEC of CKD cats were observed compared with young and geriatric normal cats. Concomitantly, a statistically significant increase in SABG staining was seen in CKD kidney samples compared with young normal cats. CKD cats tended to have increased SABG staining in the kidney compared with normal geriatric cats, but this did not reach statistical significance. No significant telomere shortening in liver or skin from any group was observed. Real-time quantitative telomeric repeat amplification protocol assessment of renal telomerase activity revealed comparable low levels of telomerase activity in all groups. Our results suggest that shortened telomeres and increased senescence in the kidneys of CKD cats may represent novel targets for interventional therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Quimby
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - David G. Maranon
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; and
| | - Christine L. R. Battaglia
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; and
| | - Shannon M. McLeland
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - William T. Brock
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Susan M. Bailey
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; and
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
NADPH oxidase as a therapeutic target for oxalate induced injury in kidneys. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:462361. [PMID: 23840917 PMCID: PMC3690252 DOI: 10.1155/2013/462361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A major role of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase family of enzymes is to catalyze the production of superoxides and other reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS, in turn, play a key role as messengers in cell signal transduction and cell cycling, but when they are produced in excess they can lead to oxidative stress (OS). Oxidative stress in the kidneys is now considered a major cause of renal injury and inflammation, giving rise to a variety of pathological disorders. In this review, we discuss the putative role of oxalate in producing oxidative stress via the production of reactive oxygen species by isoforms of NADPH oxidases expressed in different cellular locations of the kidneys. Most renal cells produce ROS, and recent data indicate a direct correlation between upregulated gene expressions of NADPH oxidase, ROS, and inflammation. Renal tissue expression of multiple NADPH oxidase isoforms most likely will impact the future use of different antioxidants and NADPH oxidase inhibitors to minimize OS and renal tissue injury in hyperoxaluria-induced kidney stone disease.
Collapse
|
115
|
Popolo A, Autore G, Pinto A, Marzocco S. Oxidative stress in patients with cardiovascular disease and chronic renal failure. Free Radic Res 2013; 47:346-56. [PMID: 23438723 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.779373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative response regulates many physiological response in human health, but if not properly regulated it could also lead to a number of deleterious effects. The importance of oxidative stress injury depends on the molecular target, the severity of the stress, and the mechanism by which the oxidative stress is imposed: it has been implicated in several diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, malaria, rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular and kidney disease. Most of the common diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart failure, and renal dysfunction, are associated with vascular functional and structural alterations including endothelial dysfunction, altered contractility, and vascular remodeling. Common to these processes is increased bioavailability of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased nitric oxide (NO) levels, and reduced antioxidant capacity. Oxidative processes are up-regulated also in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and seem to be a cause of elevated risk of morbidity and mortality in these patients. In this review, we highlight the role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular and renal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Popolo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
116
|
Yang L, Qu M, Wang Y, Duan H, Chen P, Wang Y, Shi W, Danielson P, Zhou Q. Trichostatin A inhibits transforming growth factor-β-induced reactive oxygen species accumulation and myofibroblast differentiation via enhanced NF-E2-related factor 2-antioxidant response element signaling. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 83:671-80. [PMID: 23284002 DOI: 10.1124/mol.112.081059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichostatin A (TSA) has been shown to prevent fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. The present study aimed at investigating the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging by TSA on transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced myofibroblast differentiation of corneal fibroblasts in vitro. Human immortalized corneal fibroblasts were treated with TGF-β in the presence of TSA, the NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), the NF-E2-related factor 2-antioxidant response element (Nrf2-ARE) activator sulforaphane, or small interfering RNA. Myofibroblast differentiation was assessed by α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, F-actin bundle formation, and collagen gel contraction. ROS, H(2)O(2), intracellular glutathione (GSH) level, cellular total antioxidant capacity, and the activation of Nrf2-ARE signaling were determined with various assays. Treatment with TSA and the Nrf2-ARE activator resulted in increased inhibition of the TGF-β-induced myofibroblast differentiation as compared with treatment with DPI or NAC. Furthermore, TSA also decreased cellular ROS and H(2)O(2) accumulation induced by TGF-β, whereas it elevated intracellular GSH level and cellular total antioxidant capacity. In addition, TSA induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation and up-regulated the expression of Nrf2-ARE downstream antioxidant genes, whereas Nrf2 knockdown by RNA interference blocked the inhibition of TSA on myofibroblast differentiation. In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence implicating that TSA inhibits TGF-β-induced ROS accumulation and myofibroblast differentiation via enhanced Nrf2-ARE signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Yang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
117
|
Zhou Q, Duan H, Wang Y, Qu M, Yang L, Xie L. ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 increases the cloning efficiency of limbal stem/progenitor cells by improving their adherence and ROS-scavenging capacity. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2012; 19:531-7. [PMID: 23151007 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2012.0429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 has been shown to increase proliferative capacity and even immortalize primary keratinocytes. Here, we demonstrate that rabbit primary limbal epithelial cells (LECs) treated with Y-27632 also exhibited improved colony-forming efficiency by enhancing the expansion of the stem/progenitor cells. Moreover, Y-27632 treatment improved the rapid adherence of limbal stem/progenitor cells in the initial inoculation of primary cells. In addition, Y-27632 treatment elevated the intracellular glutathione level and decreased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation during the expansion of LECs. Therefore, ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 increased the cloning efficiency of rabbit limbal stem/progenitor cells by improving their adherence and ROS scavenging capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
118
|
Disrupted and transgenic urate oxidase alter urate and dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 110:300-5. [PMID: 23248282 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1217296110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Urate is the end product of purine metabolism in humans, owing to the evolutionary disruption of the gene encoding urate oxidase (UOx). Elevated urate can cause gout and urolithiasis and is associated with cardiovascular and other diseases. However, urate also possesses antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. Recent convergence of epidemiological and clinical data has identified urate as a predictor of both reduced risk and favorable progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). In rodents, functional UOx catalyzes urate oxidation to allantoin. We found that UOx KO mice with a constitutive mutation of the gene have increased concentrations of brain urate. By contrast, UOx transgenic (Tg) mice overexpressing the enzyme have reduced brain urate concentrations. Effects of the complementary UOx manipulations were assessed in a mouse intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) model of hemiparkinsonism. UOx KO mice exhibit attenuated toxic effects of 6-OHDA on nigral dopaminergic cell counts, striatal dopamine content, and rotational behavior. Conversely, Tg overexpression of UOx exacerbates these morphological, neurochemical, and functional lesions of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway. Together our data support a neuroprotective role of endogenous urate in dopaminergic neurons and strengthen the rationale for developing urate-elevating strategies as potential disease-modifying therapy for PD.
Collapse
|
119
|
Gopinath B, Harris DC, Burlutsky G, Mitchell P. Use of Community Support Services and Activity Limitations Among Older Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2012; 68:741-7. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gls235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
120
|
Increase in antioxidant effect of ginsenoside Re-alanine mixture by Maillard reaction. Food Chem 2012; 135:2430-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.06.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
121
|
Suvakov S, Damjanovic T, Stefanovic A, Pekmezovic T, Savic-Radojevic A, Pljesa-Ercegovac M, Matic M, Djukic T, Coric V, Jakovljevic J, Ivanisevic J, Pljesa S, Jelic-Ivanovic Z, Mimic-Oka J, Dimkovic N, Simic T. Glutathione S-transferase A1, M1, P1 and T1 null or low-activity genotypes are associated with enhanced oxidative damage among haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 28:202-12. [PMID: 23034843 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased oxidative stress is a hallmark of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Glutathione S-transferases (GST) are involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics and protection of oxidative damage. We hypothesized that genetic polymorphism in antioxidant enzymes GSTA1, GSTM1, GSTP1 and GSTT1 is more frequent in ESRD and modulates the degree of oxidative stress in these patients. METHODS GSTA1, GSTM1, GSTP1 and GSTT1 genotypes were determined in 199 ESRD patients and 199 age- and gender-matched controls. Markers of protein and lipid oxidative damage [thiol groups, carbonyl groups, advanced oxidative protein products, nitrotyrosine, malondialdehyde (MDA) and MDA adducts], together with total oxidant status and pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance were determined. RESULTS Individual GST polymorphisms influence vulnerability to both protein and lipid oxidation, with GSTM1-null gene variant having the most pronounced effect. Furthermore, a strong combined effect of null/low-activity GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTA1 and GSTP1 genotypes in terms of susceptibility towards oxidative and carbonyl stress was found in ESRD patients. When patients were stratified according to GSTM1 and GSTT1, the highest oxidant damage was noted in those with the GSTM1-null/GSTT1-null genotype. The observed effect was even stronger in patients with the third low-activity GSTP1 or GSTA1 genotype. Finally, the level of oxidative and carbonyl stress was most pronounced in the subgroup of patients with all four null or low-activity GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 and GSTA1 genotypes. CONCLUSIONS According to the GST genotype, ESRD patients may be stratified in terms of the level of oxidative and carbonyl stress that might influence cardiovascular prognosis, but could also improve efforts towards individualization of antioxidant treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Suvakov
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
122
|
Weingarten TN, Gurrieri C, Jarett PD, Brown DR, Berntson NJ, Calaro RD, Kor DJ, Berry DJ, Garovic VD, Nicholson WT, Schroeder DR, Sprung J. Acute kidney injury following total joint arthroplasty: retrospective analysis. Can J Anaesth 2012; 59:1111-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12630-012-9797-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
123
|
Barrera-Chimal J, Pérez-Villalva R, Rodríguez-Romo R, Reyna J, Uribe N, Gamba G, Bobadilla NA. Spironolactone prevents chronic kidney disease caused by ischemic acute kidney injury. Kidney Int 2012; 83:93-103. [PMID: 23014458 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2012.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been recognized as a risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Aldosterone has a critical role in promoting renal injury induced by ischemia. Here, we evaluated whether spironolactone administered before or after AKI caused by ischemia protects against CKD. In the first set of experiments, Wistar rats underwent a sham operation without or with prior spironolactone treatment, or underwent 45 minutes of bilateral renal ischemia without or with spironolactone treatment before ischemia and assessed over 270 days. The second set of rats received low (20 mg/kg) or high (80 mg/kg) doses of spironolactone at three different times after the sham operation or bilateral renal ischemia and were assessed after 90 days. Untreated animals developed CKD following ischemia-induced AKI as characterized by a progressive increase in proteinuria, renal dysfunction, podocyte injury, glomerular hypertrophy, and focal sclerosis. This was associated with increased oxidative stress, an upregulation of tumor growth factor (TGF)-β, followed by upregulation of the TGF-β downstream effectors phospho-Smad3, collagen I, fibronectin, and proinflammatory cytokines. Treatment with spironolactone either before or after ischemia prevented subsequent CKD by avoiding the activation of fibrotic and inflammatory pathways. Thus, spironolactone may be a promising treatment for the prevention of AKI-induced CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Barrera-Chimal
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
124
|
Zhou QG, Fu XJ, Xu GY, Cao W, Liu HF, Nie J, Liang M, Hou FF. Vascular insulin resistance related to endoplasmic reticulum stress in aortas from a rat model of chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 303:H1154-65. [PMID: 22942179 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00407.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic insulin resistance has been demonstrated in patients with nondiabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD), yet their vascular insulin signaling remains poorly understood. Here we tested the hypothesis that vascular insulin signaling was impaired and related with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in aortas from the reduced renal mass (RRM) model of CKD. The activity of insulin signaling and markers of ER were determined in aortas from rats with RRM and cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor-β and insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and phosphorylation of protein kinase B and endothelial nitric oxide synthase were all decreased in aorta from RRM rats, whereas serine phosphorylation of IRS-1, a marker of insulin resistance, was increased. In addition, nitric oxide generation and insulin-mediated vasorelaxation were decreased in aortas from RRM rats. Insulin signaling in cultured vascular endothelial cells was impaired by induction of ER stress and was restored in aortas of RRM rats by inhibition of ER stress. Taken together, rats with RRM had vascular insulin resistance that was linked to ER stress. This identified vascular insulin resistance and ER stress as a potential therapeutic target for cardiovascular complications in patients with CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Gen Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Key Lab for Organ Failure Research, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
125
|
Barp J, Sartório CL, Campos C, Llesuy SF, Araujo AS, Belló-Klein A. Influence of ovariectomy on cardiac oxidative stress in a renovascular hypertension model. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:1229-34. [PMID: 22900708 DOI: 10.1139/y2012-078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential influence of endogenous ovarian hormones on cardiac oxidative stress in renovascular hypertension. Female Wistar rats (N = 10 per group) were divided among 4 groups: (i) normotensive control; (ii) hypertensive control; (iii) normotensive ovariectomized; and (iv) hypertensive ovariectomized rats. To induce hypertension, 2-kidney 1-clip (2K1C) Goldblatt's method was followed. Blood pressure (BP) was enhanced (25%) in 2K1C and it was not further altered in hypertensive ovariectomized animals. Lipid peroxidation (measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TBARS) increased in heart homogenates after ovariectomy (253%) and was additionally augmented when associated with hypertension (by 28%). Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were similar in both hypertensive groups. Hypertension enhanced glutathione peroxidase activity (75%), but the association with ovariectomy prevented this change. Total radical trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP) decreased in hypertensive rats (34%) and was recovered when associated with ovariectomy. However, this adaptation seems not to be sufficient to avoid the increased oxidative damage in ovariectomized hypertensive animals. These results suggest a protective role for physiological ovarian hormones in the cardiac oxidative stress induced by 2K1C hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Barp
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, CEP, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
126
|
Fazeli G, Stopper H, Schinzel R, Ni CW, Jo H, Schupp N. Angiotensin II induces DNA damage via AT1 receptor and NADPH oxidase isoform Nox4. Mutagenesis 2012; 27:673-81. [PMID: 22844079 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ges033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies revealed increased renal cancer incidences and higher cancer mortalities in hypertensive individuals. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In vitro, in renal cells, and ex vivo, in the isolated perfused mouse kidney, we could show DNA-damaging potential of angiotensin II (Ang II). Here, the pathway involved in the genotoxicity of Ang II was investigated. In kidney cell lines with properties of proximal tubulus cells, an activation of NADPH oxidase and the production of ROS, resulting in the formation of DNA strand breaks and micronuclei induction, was observed. This DNA damage was mediated by the Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R), together with the G protein G ( α-q/11 ) . Subsequently, phospholipase C (PLC) was activated and intracellular calcium increased. Both calcium stores of the endoplasmic reticulum and extracellular calcium were involved in the genotoxicity of Ang II. Downstream, a role for protein kinase C (PKC) could be detected, because its inhibition hindered Ang II from damaging the cells. Although PKC was activated, no involvement of its known target, the NADPH oxidase isoform containing the Nox2 subunit, could be found, as tested by small-interfering RNA down-regulation. Responsible for the DNA-damaging activity of Ang II was the NADPH oxidase isoform containing the Nox4 subunit. In summary, in kidney cells the DNA-damaging activity of Ang II depends on an AT1R-mediated activation of NADPH oxidase via PLC, PKC and calcium signalling, with the NADPH subunit Nox4 playing a crucial role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Fazeli
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Versbacher Str. 9, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
127
|
Siddharth M, Datta SK, Bansal S, Mustafa M, Banerjee BD, Kalra OP, Tripathi AK. Study on organochlorine pesticide levels in chronic kidney disease patients: Association with estimated glomerular filtration rate and oxidative stress. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2012; 26:241-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
128
|
Luksha L, Stenvinkel P, Hammarqvist F, Carrero JJ, Davidge ST, Kublickiene K. Mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in resistance arteries from patients with end-stage renal disease. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36056. [PMID: 22563439 PMCID: PMC3338576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The study focuses on the mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in the uremic milieu. Subcutaneous resistance arteries from 35 end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients and 28 matched controls were studied ex-vivo. Basal and receptor-dependent effects of endothelium-derived factors, expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), prerequisites for myoendothelial gap junctions (MEGJ), and associations between endothelium-dependent responses and plasma levels of endothelial dysfunction markers were assessed. The contribution of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) to endothelium-dependent relaxation was impaired in uremic arteries after stimulation with bradykinin, but not acetylcholine, reflecting the agonist-specific differences. Diminished vasodilator influences of the endothelium on basal tone and enhanced plasma levels of asymmetrical dimethyl L-arginine (ADMA) suggest impairment in NO-mediated regulation of uremic arteries. eNOS expression and contribution of MEGJs to EDHF type responses were unaltered. Plasma levels of ADMA were negatively associated with endothelium-dependent responses in uremic arteries. Preserved responses of smooth muscle to pinacidil and NO-donor indicate alterations within the endothelium and tolerance of vasodilator mechanisms to the uremic retention products at the level of smooth muscle. We conclude that both EDHF and NO pathways that control resistance artery tone are impaired in the uremic milieu. For the first time, we validate the alterations in EDHF type responses linked to kinin receptors in ESRD patients. The association between plasma ADMA concentrations and endothelial function in uremic resistance vasculature may have diagnostic and future therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leanid Luksha
- Division of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention & Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention & Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Folke Hammarqvist
- Division of Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention & Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juan Jesús Carrero
- Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention & Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sandra T. Davidge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karolina Kublickiene
- Division of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention & Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Weichhart T, Kopecky C, Kubicek M, Haidinger M, Döller D, Katholnig K, Suarna C, Eller P, Tölle M, Gerner C, Zlabinger GJ, van der Giet M, Hörl WH, Stocker R, Säemann MD. Serum amyloid A in uremic HDL promotes inflammation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2012; 23:934-47. [PMID: 22282592 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2011070668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Uremia impairs the atheroprotective properties of HDL, but the mechanisms underlying why this occurs are unknown. Here, we observed that HDL isolated from healthy individuals inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines by peripheral monocytes stimulated with a Toll-like receptor 2 agonist. In contrast, HDL isolated from the majority of patients with ESRD did not show this anti-inflammatory property; many HDL samples even promoted the production of inflammatory cytokines. To investigate this difference, we used shotgun proteomics to identify 49 HDL-associated proteins in a uremia-specific pattern. Proteins enriched in HDL from patients with ESRD (ESRD-HDL) included surfactant protein B (SP-B), apolipoprotein C-II, serum amyloid A (SAA), and α-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor. In addition, we detected some ESRD-enriched proteins in earlier stages of CKD. We did not detect a difference in oxidation status between HDL isolated from uremic and healthy patients. Regarding function of these uremia-specific proteins, only SAA mimicked ESRD-HDL by promoting inflammatory cytokine production. Furthermore, SAA levels in ESRD-HDL inversely correlated with its anti-inflammatory potency. In conclusion, HDL has anti-inflammatory activities that are defective in uremic patients as a result of specific changes in its molecular composition. These data suggest a potential link between the high levels of inflammation and cardiovascular mortality in uremia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Weichhart
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
130
|
Jourde-Chiche N, Dou L, Cerini C, Dignat-George F, Brunet P. Vascular incompetence in dialysis patients--protein-bound uremic toxins and endothelial dysfunction. Semin Dial 2011; 24:327-37. [PMID: 21682773 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-139x.2011.00925.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a much higher risk of cardiovascular diseases than the general population. Endothelial dysfunction, which participates in accelerated atherosclerosis, is a hallmark of CKD. Patients with CKD display impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation, elevated soluble biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction, and increased oxidative stress. They also present an imbalance between circulating endothelial populations reflecting endothelial injury (endothelial microparticles and circulating endothelial cells) and repair (endothelial progenitor cells). Endothelial damage induced by a uremic environment suggests an involvement of uremia-specific factors. Several uremic toxins, mostly protein-bound, have been shown to have specific endothelial toxicity: ADMA, homocysteine, AGEs, and more recently, p-cresyl sulfate and indoxyl sulfate. These toxins, all poorly removed by hemodialysis therapies, share mechanisms of endothelial toxicity: they promote pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory response and inhibit endothelial repair. This article (i) reviews the evidence for endothelial dysfunction in CKD, (ii) specifies the involvement of protein-bound uremic toxins in this dysfunction, and (iii) discusses therapeutic strategies for lowering uremic toxin concentrations or for countering the effects of uremic toxins on the endothelium.
Collapse
|
131
|
Aykanat B, Demircigil GC, Fidan K, Buyan N, Gulleroglu K, Baskin E, Bayrakci US, Sepici A, Buyukkaragoz B, Karakayali H, Haberal M, Burgaz S. Basal damage and oxidative DNA damage in children with chronic kidney disease measured by use of the comet assay. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2011; 725:22-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 05/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
132
|
Khabbazi T, Mahdavi R, Safa J, Pour-Abdollahi P. Effects of alpha-lipoic acid supplementation on inflammation, oxidative stress, and serum lipid profile levels in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis. J Ren Nutr 2011; 22:244-250. [PMID: 21908204 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the effects of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation on inflammation, oxidative stress, and serum lipid profile levels in hemodialysis (HD) patients. DESIGN This was a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. SETTING The present study involved HD centers in Tabriz, Iran. PATIENTS Participants included 63 patients with end-stage renal disease (43 men and 20 women; age range: 22-79 years) undergoing maintenance HD. INTERVENTION HD patients were randomly assigned into the supplemented group (n = 31), receiving a daily dose of ALA (600 mg), or a control group (n = 32), receiving placebo for 8 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), malondialdehyde, total antioxidant status, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks of supplementation. RESULTS At the end of intervention, 11 patients were excluded from the study. HsCRP levels decreased by 18.7% in the supplemented group after 8 weeks of supplementation, and the reduction was significant in comparison with the placebo group (P < .05); this finding was also significant after adjusting for baseline values of hsCRP. The mean malondialdehyde and total antioxidant status levels did not change significantly in the 2 groups during the study. The mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations increased significantly in the supplemented group at the end of the study (P < .05); however, this improvement was not statistically significant as compared with the placebo group. No significant alterations were observed in the other lipid profile parameters within each group during the study. CONCLUSION ALA supplementation significantly reduced hsCRP levels, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in HD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tannaz Khabbazi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Mahdavi
- Nutritional Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Javid Safa
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Pour-Abdollahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Lin Z, Gong Q, Zhou Z, Zhang W, Liao S, Liu Y, Yan X, Pan X, Lin S, Li X. Increased plasma CXCL16 levels in patients with chronic kidney diseases. Eur J Clin Invest 2011; 41:836-45. [PMID: 21299552 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2011.02473.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND C-X-C chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) is a scavenger receptor for oxidized low-density lipoprotein that has been shown to promote atherogenic effects in vivo and to predict the long-term mortality in acute coronary syndrome. We conducted a cross-sectional study to test the hypothesis that elevated CXCL16 concentrations are associated with the change in renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) at different stages of disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred and forty subjects including 200 patients with CKD (146 CKD from outpatients and 54 CKD with long-term haemodialysis) and 40 normal control subjects were recruited into this study. All CKD subjects underwent echocardiograms to assess left ventricular mass index. Plasma levels of CXCL16 and other relevant clinical and biochemical parameters in all subjects were obtained upon standard clinical examinations. RESULTS Plasma CXCL16 levels were significantly increased with the development of CKD from early- and end-stage (P < 0·001 for trend) and significantly higher in CKD subjects than those of normal subjects (P<0·001). Furthermore, plasma CXCL16 levels in CKD patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) were higher than those of CKD patients without DM. Multiple stepwise regression analyses indicated that plasma CXCL16 levels were independently associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate, C-reactive protein and adiponectin (all P<0·05). CONCLUSIONS Plasma CXCL16 levels are significantly increased with the development of early- to end-stage CKD and are independently associated with the change in renal function. Elucidating the role of CXCL16 as a biomarker or disease modifier in CKD progression requires further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuofeng Lin
- Pharmaceutical School of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
134
|
Kosmadakis GC, John SG, Clapp EL, Viana JL, Smith AC, Bishop NC, Bevington A, Owen PJ, McIntyre CW, Feehally J. Benefits of regular walking exercise in advanced pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 27:997-1004. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
135
|
Cakmak Demircigil G, Aykanat B, Fidan K, Gulleroglu K, Bayrakci US, Sepici A, Buyukkaragoz B, Karakayali H, Haberal M, Baskin E, Buyan N, Burgaz S. Micronucleus frequencies in peripheral blood lymphocytes of children with chronic kidney disease. Mutagenesis 2011; 26:643-50. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ger027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
136
|
Paraoxonase-1 and ischemia-modified albumin in patients with end-stage renal disease. J Physiol Biochem 2011; 67:437-41. [PMID: 21484479 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-011-0092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) with and/or without treatment by hemodialysis (HD) is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis, leading to cardiovascular disease (CVD) including acute coronary syndromes. Therefore, the regulation of CVD is a crucial issue for ESRD patients. Given the recent reports that paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) could predict CVD-related mortality in ESRD, the two recent biomarkers may be useful for preventive strategies for CVD. This review paper presents current data on the relationships between PON-1, IMA, and ESRD. Many studies have shown that circulating PON-1 activity is lower in ESRD patients, and we have shown that its levels increase after HD. Although circulating IMA levels can increase before HD in ESRD patients, there remains to be little data. Our pilot study has shown a significant inverse correlation between PON-1 and IMA in ESRD patients. Although the pathogenic link between PON-1 and IMA remains speculative, considering both biomarkers may provide new insights into the prevention of CVD in ESRD patients.
Collapse
|
137
|
Gopinath B, Harris DC, Flood VM, Burlutsky G, Brand-Miller J, Mitchell P. Carbohydrate nutrition is associated with the 5-year incidence of chronic kidney disease. J Nutr 2011; 141:433-9. [PMID: 21228263 DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.134304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that dietary glycemic index (GI) and fiber could have a role in the development of chronic diseases; however, the link between carbohydrate nutrition and development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is unclear. We aimed to determine whether cross-sectional and longitudinal associations exist between carbohydrate nutrition (mean dietary GI, dietary intakes of carbohydrate, sugar, starch, and fiber) and CKD. Data included 2600 Blue Mountains Eye Study (1997-1999) participants aged ≥50 y. Baseline biochemistry including serum creatinine was measured. Moderate CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL·min(-1)·1.73 m(-2). Dietary data were collected in a semiquantitative FFQ. Cross-sectionally, participants in the 4th quartile of mean dietary GI intake compared with those in the first quartile (reference) had a 55% increased likelihood of having eGFR < 60 mL·min(-1)·1.73 m(-2) [multivariable-adjusted OR = 1.55 (95% CI = 1.07-2.26); P-trend = 0.01]. After multivariable adjustment, participants in the 4th quartile of dietary cereal fiber intake compared with those in the first quartile (reference) had a 50% reduced risk of incident moderate CKD (P-trend = 0.03). Higher baseline consumption of energy-dense, nutrient-poor sources of carbohydrate (e.g. cookies) yielded a 3-fold higher risk of incident CKD (P-trend = 0.01). In summary, we observed a novel link between high cereal fiber intake and reduced incidence of moderate CKD and this was supported by the cross-sectional association with dietary GI. Conversely, our data suggest that higher intake of energy-dense, nutrient-poor sources of carbohydrate, potentially through acute hyperglycemia, could impair renal function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bamini Gopinath
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
138
|
Del Vecchio L, Locatelli F, Carini M. What We Know About Oxidative Stress in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease on Dialysis-Clinical Effects, Potential Treatment, and Prevention. Semin Dial 2011; 24:56-64. [PMID: 21299632 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-139x.2010.00819.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Del Vecchio
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Renal Transplant, A Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
139
|
Kumar S, Srivastava N, Gomes J. The effect of lovastatin on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes in hydrogen peroxide intoxicated rat. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 49:898-902. [PMID: 21184795 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been linked to the development of many diseases and hastens the progression of cardiovascular diseases. Since lovastatin is used worldwide as a cholesterol lowering drug, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant property of lovastatin against H(2)O(2) induced oxidative stress in rats. Four study groups of rats of four animals each were treated with DMSO (control), H(2)O(2) (OS), lovastatin (L) and H(2)O(2) + lovastatin (OSL). On the 15th day the animals were sacrificed, and the liver and heart tissues were analyzed for oxidative stress biomarkers and anti-oxidant enzymes. Results of the OSL-group showed a reduction in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in liver (42.7%) and heart tissue (8%) compared with the control group. An increase was observed in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, catalase (34.6% in liver and 33.3% in heart) and glutathione peroxidase (50.5% in liver and 34.7% in heart). A commensurate increase in the activity of G6PDH was observed indicating an enhanced requirement of NADPH. The ratio GSH:GSSG in liver (1.05) and heart (0.84) was satisfactorily regulated compared to the control group (1.01 in liver and 0.93 in heart). These results suggest that lovastatin possesses antioxidant activity and reduces oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- School of Studies in Biochemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474 011, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
140
|
Schupp N, Heidland A, Stopper H. Genomic damage in endstage renal disease-contribution of uremic toxins. Toxins (Basel) 2010; 2:2340-58. [PMID: 22069557 PMCID: PMC3153169 DOI: 10.3390/toxins2102340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), whether on conservative, peritoneal or hemodialysis therapy, have elevated genomic damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes and an increased cancer incidence, especially of the kidney. The damage is possibly due to accumulation of uremic toxins like advanced glycation endproducts or homocysteine. However, other endogenous substances with genotoxic properties, which are increased in ESRD, could be involved, such as the blood pressure regulating hormones angiotensin II and aldosterone or the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. This review provides an overview of genomic damage observed in ESRD patients, focuses on possible underlying causes and shows modulations of the damage by modern dialysis strategies and vitamin supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Schupp
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Straße 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany;
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +49-931-20148722; Fax: +49-931-20148446
| | - August Heidland
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Straße 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|