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Arnold SL, Kent T, Hogarth CA, Schlatt S, Prasad B, Haenisch M, Walsh T, Muller CH, Griswold MD, Amory JK, Isoherranen N. Importance of ALDH1A enzymes in determining human testicular retinoic acid concentrations. J Lipid Res 2014; 56:342-57. [PMID: 25502770 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m054718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA), the active metabolite of vitamin A, is required for spermatogenesis and many other biological processes. RA formation requires irreversible oxidation of retinal to RA by aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes of the 1A family (ALDH1A). While ALDH1A1, ALDH1A2, and ALDH1A3 all form RA, the expression pattern and relative contribution of these enzymes to RA formation in the testis is unknown. In this study, novel methods to measure ALDH1A protein levels and intrinsic RA formation were used to accurately predict RA formation velocities in individual human testis samples and an association between RA formation and intratesticular RA concentrations was observed. The distinct localization of ALDH1A in the testis suggests a specific role for each enzyme in controlling RA formation. ALDH1A1 was found in Sertoli cells, while only ALDH1A2 was found in spermatogonia, spermatids, and spermatocytes. In the absence of cellular retinol binding protein (CRBP)1, ALDH1A1 was predicted to be the main contributor to intratesticular RA formation, but when CRBP1 was present, ALDH1A2 was predicted to be equally important in RA formation as ALDH1A1. This study provides a comprehensive novel methodology to evaluate RA homeostasis in human tissues and provides insight to how the individual ALDH1A enzymes mediate RA concentrations in specific cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L Arnold
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Travis Kent
- School of Molecular Biosciences and the Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| | - Cathryn A Hogarth
- School of Molecular Biosciences and the Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| | - Stefan Schlatt
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Munster, Germany
| | - Bhagwat Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Michael Haenisch
- Departments of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Thomas Walsh
- Urology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Charles H Muller
- Urology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Michael D Griswold
- School of Molecular Biosciences and the Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| | - John K Amory
- Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Nina Isoherranen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
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102
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Tsezou A. Osteoarthritis year in review 2014: genetics and genomics. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014; 22:2017-24. [PMID: 25456297 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in genetics/genomics of osteoarthritis (OA) are discussed to improve our understanding of OA pathophysiology. The discovery of a novel variant near the NCOA3 (nuclear receptor coactivator 3) gene associated with hip OA and the regulation of GDF5 gene by four transcription factors via the OA susceptibility locus rs143383 are among important findings in OA genetics. Several microarray-based gene expression studies were published for different tissues of the joint. In OA synovium elevation of collagens and cross-linking enzymes (COL1A1, COL5A1, PLOD2, LOX and TIMP1) responsive to TGF-β was found as well as differential expression pattern between different areas of the osteoarthritic synovial membrane. In OA peripheral blood the role of apoptotic genes was highlighted, while whole genome expression profiling in OA subchondral bone and cartilage revealed common genes in cartilage and bone to be involved in OA development. In epigenetics, several microRNAs (miRNAs) were found to regulate genes' expression in chondrocytes, among which miR-125, miR-127b miR-21, miR-148a and their use as potential drug targets was highlighted. Future studies must focus on the integration of genetics, genomics and epigenetics for the identification of signaling pathways and regulatory networks responsible for OA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tsezou
- University of Thessaly, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. Biology, 41110 Larissa, Greece
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103
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Association between interleukin 8 -251 A/T and +781 C/T polymorphisms and osteoarthritis risk. Immunol Lett 2014; 162:207-11. [PMID: 25194757 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Interleukin 8 (IL-8), as a member of the CXC chemokine family, has a regulatory role in joint inflammation and cartilage degradation, and contribute to the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis. The aim of the current study was to examine the influence of the IL-8 gene polymorphisms at positions -251 (rs4073) and +781 (rs2227306) on the risk of osteoarthritis. METHODS This hospital-based case-control study comprised 150 patients with osteoarthritis and 150 age- and gender-matched controls. IL-8 251 A/T and +781 C/T polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS Patients with osteoarthritis had a significantly higher frequency of IL-8 -251 TT genotype [odds ratio (OR)=2.16, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.09, 4.26; P=0.03], IL-8 -251 T allele (OR=1.41, 95% CI=1.02, 1.94; P=0.04), IL-8 +781 TT genotype (OR=2.79, 95% CI=1.10, 7.08; P=0.03) and IL-8 +781 T allele (OR=1.48, 95% CI=1.02, 2.14; P=0.04) than controls. But the findings are less emphatic by the Bonferroni correction. When stratifying by body mass index, type, articular involvement, and Kellgren-Lawrence grade, no significant differences were found in any groups. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, the current data suggested that the TT genotype and T allele of the IL-8 gene polymorphisms at positions -251 and +781 might confer a high risk of osteoarthritis. In the future, additional well-designed large studies were required for the validation of our results.
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104
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Ramos YFM, den Hollander W, Bovée JVMG, Bomer N, van der Breggen R, Lakenberg N, Keurentjes JC, Goeman JJ, Slagboom PE, Nelissen RGHH, Bos SD, Meulenbelt I. Genes involved in the osteoarthritis process identified through genome wide expression analysis in articular cartilage; the RAAK study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103056. [PMID: 25054223 PMCID: PMC4108379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Identify gene expression profiles associated with OA processes in articular cartilage and determine pathways changing during the disease process. Methods Genome wide gene expression was determined in paired samples of OA affected and preserved cartilage of the same joint using microarray analysis for 33 patients of the RAAK study. Results were replicated in independent samples by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Profiles were analyzed with the online analysis tools DAVID and STRING to identify enrichment for specific pathways and protein-protein interactions. Results Among the 1717 genes that were significantly differently expressed between OA affected and preserved cartilage we found significant enrichment for genes involved in skeletal development (e.g. TNFRSF11B and FRZB). Also several inflammatory genes such as CD55, PTGES and TNFAIP6, previously identified in within-joint analyses as well as in analyses comparing preserved cartilage from OA affected joints versus healthy cartilage were among the top genes. Of note was the high up-regulation of NGF in OA cartilage. RT-qPCR confirmed differential expression for 18 out of 19 genes with expression changes of 2-fold or higher, and immunohistochemistry of selected genes showed a concordant change in protein expression. Most of these changes associated with OA severity (Mankin score) but were independent of joint-site or sex. Conclusion We provide further insights into the ongoing OA pathophysiological processes in cartilage, in particular into differences in macroscopically intact cartilage compared to OA affected cartilage, which seem relatively consistent and independent of sex or joint. We advocate that development of treatment could benefit by focusing on these similarities in gene expression changes and/or pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolande F. M. Ramos
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Genomics Initiative, sponsored by the NCHA, Leiden-Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Wouter den Hollander
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nils Bomer
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud van der Breggen
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nico Lakenberg
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jelle J. Goeman
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P. Eline Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Genomics Initiative, sponsored by the NCHA, Leiden-Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob G. H. H. Nelissen
- Department of Orthopeadics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Steffan D. Bos
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Genomics Initiative, sponsored by the NCHA, Leiden-Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Meulenbelt
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Genomics Initiative, sponsored by the NCHA, Leiden-Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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105
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Ramos YFM, Metrustry S, Arden N, Bay-Jensen AC, Beekman M, de Craen AJM, Cupples LA, Esko T, Evangelou E, Felson DT, Hart DJ, Ioannidis JPA, Karsdal M, Kloppenburg M, Lafeber F, Metspalu A, Panoutsopoulou K, Slagboom PE, Spector TD, van Spil EWE, Uitterlinden AG, Zhu Y, Valdes AM, van Meurs JBJ, Meulenbelt I. Meta-analysis identifies loci affecting levels of the potential osteoarthritis biomarkers sCOMP and uCTX-II with genome wide significance. J Med Genet 2014; 51:596-604. [PMID: 25057126 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research for the use of biomarkers in osteoarthritis (OA) is promising, however, adequate discrimination between patients and controls may be hampered due to innate differences. We set out to identify loci influencing levels of serum cartilage oligomeric protein (sCOMP) and urinary C-telopeptide of type II collagen (uCTX-II). METHODS Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies was applied to standardised residuals of sCOMP (N=3316) and uCTX-II (N=4654) levels available in 6 and 7 studies, respectively, from TreatOA. Effects were estimated using a fixed-effects model. Six promising signals were followed up by de novo genotyping in the Cohort Hip and Cohort Knee study (N = 964). Subsequently, their role in OA susceptibility was investigated in large-scale genome-wide association studies meta-analyses for OA. Differential expression of annotated genes was assessed in cartilage. RESULTS Genome-wide significant association with sCOMP levels was found for a SNP within MRC1 (rs691461, p = 1.7 × 10(-12)) and a SNP within CSMD1 associated with variation in uCTX-II levels with borderline genome-wide significance (rs1983474, p = 8.5 × 10(-8)). Indication for association with sCOMP levels was also found for a locus close to the COMP gene itself (rs10038, p = 7.1 × 10(-6)). The latter SNP was subsequently found to be associated with hip OA whereas COMP expression appeared responsive to the OA pathophysiology in cartilage. CONCLUSIONS We have identified genetic loci affecting either uCTX-II or sCOMP levels. The genome wide significant association of MRC1 with sCOMP levels was found likely to act independent of OA subtypes. Increased sensitivity of biomarkers with OA may be accomplished by taking genetic variation into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolande F M Ramos
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands The Netherlands Genomics Initiative-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden and Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Metrustry
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nigel Arden
- NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Arthritis Research UK, Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Centre of Excellence, London, UK
| | | | - Marian Beekman
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands The Netherlands Genomics Initiative-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden and Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J M de Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands The Netherlands Genomics Initiative-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden and Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology and Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Hygiene & Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David T Felson
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Deborah J Hart
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - John P A Ioannidis
- Department of Hygiene & Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece Department of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford, USA Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA Department of Statistics, Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford, USA
| | - Morten Karsdal
- Department of Rheumatology, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Margreet Kloppenburg
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Epidemiology, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Floris Lafeber
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology and Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - P Eline Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands The Netherlands Genomics Initiative-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden and Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Erwin W E van Spil
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- The Netherlands Genomics Initiative-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden and Rotterdam, The Netherlands Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yanyan Zhu
- Global Analytical Science, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Ana M Valdes
- Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Joyce B J van Meurs
- The Netherlands Genomics Initiative-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden and Rotterdam, The Netherlands Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Meulenbelt
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands The Netherlands Genomics Initiative-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden and Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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