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Quantitative proteomics reveals specific metabolic features of acute myeloid leukemia stem cells. Blood 2020; 136:1507-1519. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019003654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia is characterized by the accumulation of clonal myeloid blast cells unable to differentiate into mature leukocytes. Chemotherapy induces remission in the majority of patients, but relapse rates are high and lead to poor clinical outcomes. Because this is primarily caused by chemotherapy-resistant leukemic stem cells (LSCs), it is essential to eradicate LSCs to improve patient survival. LSCs have predominantly been studied at the transcript level, thus information about posttranscriptionally regulated genes and associated networks is lacking. Here, we extend our previous report on LSC proteomes to healthy age-matched hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and correlate the proteomes to the corresponding transcriptomes. By comparing LSCs to leukemic blasts and healthy HSPCs, we validate candidate LSC markers and highlight novel and potentially targetable proteins that are absent or only lowly expressed in HSPCs. In addition, our data provide strong evidence that LSCs harbor a characteristic energy metabolism, adhesion molecule composition, as well as RNA-processing properties. Furthermore, correlating proteome and transcript data of the same individual samples highlights the strength of proteome analyses, which are particularly potent in detecting alterations in metabolic pathways. In summary, our study provides a comprehensive proteomic and transcriptomic characterization of functionally validated LSCs, blasts, and healthy HSPCs, representing a valuable resource helping to design LSC-directed therapies.
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102
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Ma L, Zhang X, Wang Z, Huang L, Meng F, Hu L, Chen Y, Wei J. Anti-cancer Effects of Curcumin on Myelodysplastic Syndrome through the Inhibition of Enhancer of Zeste Homolog-2 (EZH2). Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 19:729-741. [PMID: 30747066 DOI: 10.2174/1568009619666190212121735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhancer of zeste homolog-2 (EZH2), a histone methyltransferase that regulates histone H3 methylation of lysine27 (H3K27me3), is involved in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Targeting epigenetic regulators has been identified as a potential treatment target in MDS chemotherapy. Curcumin, a natural compound extracted from turmeric, was found to possess a wide range of anticancer activities in various tumors. METHODS This study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effect and action mechanism of curcumin in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Our results showed that curcumin can significantly suppress cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human MDS-derived cell lines. It reduced EZH2, DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3a), ASXL1 and downstream H3K4me3, H3K27me3 and HOXA9 expression and inhibited EZH2 and H3K27me3 nuclear translocation. Curcumin also showed anti-cancer effects in a xenograft mouse model and reduced EZH2, H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 in vivo. EZH2 knockdown can reduce the H3K27me3 levels and induce curcumin resistance in vitro but attenuates leukemic transformation in vivo. CONCLUSION These findings provide the potential molecular mechanism of curcumin as a therapeutic agent for MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhiqiong Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lifang Huang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fankai Meng
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lihua Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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103
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Evolving insights on histone methylome regulation in human acute myeloid leukemia pathogenesis and targeted therapy. Exp Hematol 2020; 92:19-31. [PMID: 32950598 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.09.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive, disseminated hematological malignancy associated with clonal selection of aberrant self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors and poorly differentiated myeloid blasts. The most prevalent form of leukemia in adults, AML is predominantly an age-related disorder and accounts for more than 10,000 deaths per year in the United States alone. In comparison to solid tumors, AML has an overall low mutational burden, albeit more than 70% of AML patients harbor somatic mutations in genes encoding epigenetic modifiers and chromatin regulators. In the past decade, discoveries highlighting the role of DNA and histone modifications in determining cellular plasticity and lineage commitment have attested to the importance of epigenetic contributions to tumor cell de-differentiation and heterogeneity, tumor initiation, maintenance, and relapse. Orchestration in histone methylation levels regulates pluripotency and multicellular development. The increasing number of reversible methylation regulators being identified, including histone methylation writer, reader, and eraser enzymes, and their implications in AML pathogenesis have widened the scope of epigenetic reprogramming, with multiple drugs currently in various stages of preclinical and clinical trials. AML methylome also determines response to conventional chemotherapy, as well as AML cell interaction within a tumor-immune microenvironment ecosystem. Here we summarize the latest developments focusing on molecular derangements in histone methyltransferases (HMTs) and histone demethylases (HDMs) in AML pathogenesis. AML-associated HMTs and HDMs, through intricate crosstalk mechanisms, maintain an altered histone methylation code conducive to disease progression. We further discuss their importance in governing response to therapy, which can be used as a biomarker for treatment efficacy. Finally we deliberate on the therapeutic potential of targeting aberrant histone methylome in AML, examine available small molecule inhibitors in combination with immunomodulating therapeutic approaches and caveats, and discuss how future studies can enable posited epigenome-based targeted therapy to become a mainstay for AML treatment.
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104
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LAM-003, a new drug for treatment of tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant FLT3-ITD-positive AML. Blood Adv 2020; 3:3661-3673. [PMID: 31751472 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019001068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemias (AML) harboring a constitutively active internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation in the FMS-like kinase tyrosine kinase (FLT3) receptor are associated with poor patient prognosis. Despite initial clinical responses to FLT3 kinase inhibitors, patients eventually relapse. Mechanisms of resistance include the acquisition of secondary FLT3 mutations and protective stromal signaling within the bone marrow niche. Here we show that LAM-003, a prodrug of the heat shock protein 90 inhibitor LAM-003A, has cytotoxic activity against AML cell lines and primary samples harboring FLT3-ITD. LAM-003 regressed tumors in an MV-4-11 xenograft mouse model and extended survival in a MOLM-13 systemic model. LAM-003 displayed synergistic activity with chemotherapeutic drugs and FLT3 inhibitors, with the most robust synergy being obtained with venetoclax, a BCL-2 inhibitor. This finding was verified in a MOLM-13 systemic survival model in which the combination significantly prolonged survival compared with the single agents. Importantly, LAM-003 exhibited equipotent activity against FLT3 inhibitor-resistant mutants of FLT3, such as D835 or F691, in cytotoxic and FLT3 degradation assays. LAM-003 also retained potency in AML cells grown in stromal-conditioned media that were resistant to FLT3 inhibitors. Lastly, a genome-wide CRISPR screen revealed epigenetic regulators, including KDM6A, as determinants of LAM-003 sensitivity in AML cell lines, leading to the discovery of synergy with an EZH2 inhibitor. Collectively, these preclinical findings support the use of LAM-003 in FLT3-ITD patients with AML who no longer respond to FLT3 inhibitor therapy either as a single agent or in combination with drugs known to be active in AML.
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105
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Jacquelin S, Kramer F, Mullally A, Lane SW. Murine Models of Myelofibrosis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092381. [PMID: 32842500 PMCID: PMC7563264 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelofibrosis (MF) is subtype of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) characterized by a relatively poor prognosis in patients. Understanding the factors that drive MF pathogenesis is crucial to identifying novel therapeutic approaches with the potential to improve patient care. Driver mutations in three main genes (janus kinase 2 (JAK2), calreticulin (CALR), and myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene (MPL)) are recurrently mutated in MPN and are sufficient to engender MPN using animal models. Interestingly, animal studies have shown that the underlying molecular mutation and the acquisition of additional genetic lesions is associated with MF outcome and transition from early stage MPN such as essential thrombocythemia (ET) and polycythemia vera (PV) to secondary MF. In this issue, we review murine models that have contributed to a better characterization of MF pathobiology and identification of new therapeutic opportunities in MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Jacquelin
- Cancer program QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (S.W.L.)
| | - Frederike Kramer
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (F.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Ann Mullally
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (F.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Steven W. Lane
- Cancer program QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
- Cancer Care Services, The Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Australia
- University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (S.W.L.)
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106
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Miyamoto K, Minami Y. Cutting Edge Molecular Therapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145114. [PMID: 32698349 PMCID: PMC7404220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, whole exome sequencing for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been performed by a next-generation sequencer in several studies. It has been revealed that a few gene mutations are identified per AML patient. Some of these mutations are actionable mutations that affect the response to an approved targeted treatment that is available for off-label treatment or that is available in clinical trials. The era of precision medicine for AML has arrived, and it is extremely important to detect actionable mutations relevant to treatment decision-making. However, the percentage of actionable mutations found in AML is about 50% at present, and therapeutic development is also needed for AML patients without actionable mutations. In contrast, the newly approved drugs are less toxic than conventional intensive chemotherapy and can be combined with low-intensity treatments. These combination therapies can contribute to the improvement of prognosis, especially in elderly AML patients who account for more than half of all AML patients. Thus, the treatment strategy for leukemia is changing drastically and showing rapid progress. In this review, we present the latest information regarding the recent development of treatment for AML.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Combined Modality Therapy/methods
- Drug Approval
- Epigenesis, Genetic/drug effects
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
- Mutation/drug effects
- Precision Medicine/methods
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Small Molecule Libraries/pharmacology
- Small Molecule Libraries/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yosuke Minami
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-4-7133-1111; Fax: +81-7133-6502
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107
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Rinke J, Chase A, Cross NCP, Hochhaus A, Ernst T. EZH2 in Myeloid Malignancies. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071639. [PMID: 32650416 PMCID: PMC7407223 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the significance of epigenetic dysregulation in the pathogenesis of myeloid malignancies has greatly advanced in the past decade. Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) is the catalytic core component of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), which is responsible for gene silencing through trimethylation of H3K27. EZH2 dysregulation is highly tumorigenic and has been observed in various cancers, with EZH2 acting as an oncogene or a tumor-suppressor depending on cellular context. While loss-of-function mutations of EZH2 frequently affect patients with myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms, myelodysplastic syndrome and myelofibrosis, cases of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) seem to be largely characterized by EZH2 overexpression. A variety of other factors frequently aberrant in myeloid leukemia can affect PRC2 function and disease pathogenesis, including Additional Sex Combs Like 1 (ASXL1) and splicing gene mutations. As the genetic background of myeloid malignancies is largely heterogeneous, it is not surprising that EZH2 mutations act in conjunction with other aberrations. Since EZH2 mutations are considered to be early events in disease pathogenesis, they are of therapeutic interest to researchers, though targeting of EZH2 loss-of-function does present unique challenges. Preliminary research indicates that combined tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) and EZH2 inhibitor therapy may provide a strategy to eliminate the residual disease burden in CML to allow patients to remain in treatment-free remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Rinke
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (J.R.); (A.H.)
| | - Andrew Chase
- School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (A.C.); (N.C.P.C.)
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury SP2 8BJ, UK
| | - Nicholas C. P. Cross
- School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (A.C.); (N.C.P.C.)
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury SP2 8BJ, UK
| | - Andreas Hochhaus
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (J.R.); (A.H.)
| | - Thomas Ernst
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (J.R.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3641-9324201; Fax: +49-3641-9324202
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108
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Bondos SE, Geraldo Mendes G, Jons A. Context-dependent HOX transcription factor function in health and disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 174:225-262. [PMID: 32828467 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During animal development, HOX transcription factors determine the fate of developing tissues to generate diverse organs and appendages. The power of these proteins is striking: mis-expressing a HOX protein causes homeotic transformation of one body part into another. During development, HOX proteins interpret their cellular context through protein interactions, alternative splicing, and post-translational modifications to regulate cell proliferation, cell death, cell migration, cell differentiation, and angiogenesis. Although mutation and/or mis-expression of HOX proteins during development can be lethal, changes in HOX proteins that do not pattern vital organs can result in survivable malformations. In adults, mutation and/or mis-expression of HOX proteins disrupts their gene regulatory networks, deregulating cell behaviors and leading to arthritis and cancer. On the molecular level, HOX proteins are composed of DNA binding homeodomain, and large regions of unstructured, or intrinsically disordered, protein sequence. The primary roles of HOX proteins in arthritis and cancer suggest that mutations associated with these diseases in both the structured and disordered regions of HOX proteins can have substantial functional effects. These insights lead to new questions critical for understanding and manipulating HOX function in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Bondos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
| | - Gabriela Geraldo Mendes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Amanda Jons
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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109
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León TE, Rapoz-D'Silva T, Bertoli C, Rahman S, Magnussen M, Philip B, Farah N, Richardson SE, Ahrabi S, Guerra-Assunção JA, Gupta R, Nacheva EP, Henderson S, Herrero J, Linch DC, de Bruin RAM, Mansour MR. EZH2-Deficient T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Is Sensitized to CHK1 Inhibition through Enhanced Replication Stress. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:998-1017. [PMID: 32349972 PMCID: PMC7611258 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-0789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations of EZH2, the enzymatic component of PRC2, have been associated with poor outcome and chemotherapy resistance in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Using isogenic T-ALL cells, with and without CRISPR/Cas9-induced EZH2-inactivating mutations, we performed a cell-based synthetic lethal drug screen. EZH2-deficient cells exhibited increased sensitivity to structurally diverse inhibitors of CHK1, an interaction that could be validated genetically. Furthermore, small-molecule inhibition of CHK1 had efficacy in delaying tumor progression in isogenic EZH2-deficient, but not EZH2 wild-type, T-ALL cells in vivo, as well as in a primary cell model of PRC2-mutant ALL. Mechanistically, EZH2 deficiency resulted in a gene-expression signature of immature T-ALL cells, marked transcriptional upregulation of MYCN, increased replication stress, and enhanced dependency on CHK1 for cell survival. Finally, we demonstrate this phenotype is mediated through derepression of a distal PRC2-regulated MYCN enhancer. In conclusion, we highlight a novel and clinically exploitable pathway in high-risk EZH2-mutated T-ALL. SIGNIFICANCE: Loss-of-function mutations of PRC2 genes are associated with chemotherapy resistance in T-ALL, yet no specific therapy for this aggressive subtype is currently clinically available. Our work demonstrates that loss of EZH2 activity leads to MYCN-driven replication stress, resulting in increased sensitivity to CHK1 inhibition, a finding with immediate clinical relevance.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 890.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa E León
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya Rapoz-D'Silva
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cosetta Bertoli
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sunniyat Rahman
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Magnussen
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Philip
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nadine Farah
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon E Richardson
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Ahrabi
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rajeev Gupta
- Stem Cell Laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabeth P Nacheva
- Health Service Laboratories LLP, UCL Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Henderson
- Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Herrero
- Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David C Linch
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robertus A M de Bruin
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marc R Mansour
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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110
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Chen T, Zhang J, Zeng H, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Zhou H. Antiproliferative effects of L-asparaginase in acute myeloid leukemia. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:2070-2078. [PMID: 32782519 PMCID: PMC7401243 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The antitumor enzyme L-asparaginase (L-Asp) has commonly been used for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, the effects of L-Asp on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and their underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, the effects of L-Asp on cell proliferation and apoptosis were investigated using the AML cell lines U937, HL-60 and KG-1a. The effects of combining L-Asp with mitoxantrone (MIT) and cytarabine (Ara-c) were also analyzed. The combination of MIT and Ara-C is known as MA therapy, and is a widely used therapeutic regimen for the treatment of elderly patients with refractory AML. When applied alone, L-Asp inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in each of the cell lines tested. Furthermore, the combined use of L-Asp with MA therapy further potentiated the inhibition of cell proliferation while increasing the induction of apoptosis. These findings provide evidence for the potential antitumor effect of L-Asp in AML, and indicate that improved efficacy maybe achieved by combining L-Asp with MIT and Ara-c. This combination may provide a promising new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, P.R. China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohuan Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, P.R. China
| | - Hebing Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, P.R. China
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111
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Zhang Y, Le Y, Bu P, Cheng X. Regulation of Hox and ParaHox genes by perfluorochemicals in mouse liver. Toxicology 2020; 441:152521. [PMID: 32534105 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Homeobox (Hox) genes encode homeodomain proteins, which play important roles in the development and morphological diversification of organisms including plants and animals. Perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs), which are well recognized industrial pollutants and universally detected in human and wildlife, interfere with animal development. In addition, PFCs produce a number of hepatic adverse effects, such as hepatomegaly and dyslipidemia. Homeodomain proteins profoundly contribute to liver regeneration. Hox genes serve as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes during target organ carcinogenesis. However, to date, no study investigated whether PFCs regulate expression of Hox genes. This study was designed to determine the regulation of Hox (including Hox-a to -d subfamily members) and paraHox [including GS homeobox (Gsx), pancreatic and duodenal homeobox (Pdx), and caudal-related homeobox (Cdx) family members] genes by PFCs including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) in mouse liver. 46.4 mg/kg PFNA induced mRNA expression of Hoxa5, b7, c5, d10 and Pdx1 in wild-type and CAR-null mouse livers, but not in PPARα-null mouse livers, indicating a PPARα-dependent manner. PFOA, PFNA, and PFDA all induced mRNA expression of Hoxa5, b7, c5, d10, Pdx1 and Zeb2 in wild-type but not PPARα-null mouse livers. In addition, in Nrf2-null mouse livers, PFNA continued to increase mRNA expression of Hoxa5 and Pdx1, but not Hoxb7, c5 or d10. Furthermore, Wy14643, a classical PPARα agonist, induced mRNA expression of Hoxb7 and c5 in wild-type but not PPARα-null mouse livers. However, Wy14643 did not induce mRNA expression of Hoxa5, d10 or Pdx1 in either wild-type or PPARα-null mouse livers. TCPOBOP, a classical mouse CAR agonist, increased mRNA expression of Hoxb7, c5 and d10 but not Hoxa5 or Pdx1 in mouse livers. Moreover, PFNA decreased cytoplasmic and nuclear Hoxb7 protein levels in mouse livers. However, PFNA increased cytoplasmic Hoxc5 protein level but decreased nuclear Hoxc5 protein level in mouse livers. In conclusion, PFCs induced mRNA expression of several Hox genes such as Hoxb7, c5 and d10, mostly through the activation of PPARα and/or Nrf2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, United States
| | - Yuan Le
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, United States
| | - Pengli Bu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, IL, 60064, United States
| | - Xingguo Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, United States.
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112
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Long L, Assaraf YG, Lei ZN, Peng H, Yang L, Chen ZS, Ren S. Genetic biomarkers of drug resistance: A compass of prognosis and targeted therapy in acute myeloid leukemia. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 52:100703. [PMID: 32599434 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly aggressive hematological malignancy with complex heterogenous genetic and biological nature. Thus, prognostic prediction and targeted therapies might contribute to better chemotherapeutic response. However, the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) markedly impedes chemotherapeutic efficacy and dictates poor prognosis. Therefore, prior evaluation of chemoresistance is of great importance in therapeutic decision making and prognosis. In recent years, preclinical studies on chemoresistance have unveiled a compendium of underlying molecular basis, which facilitated the development of targetable small molecules. Furthermore, routing genomic sequencing has identified various genomic aberrations driving cellular response during the course of therapeutic treatment through adaptive mechanisms of drug resistance, some of which serve as prognostic biomarkers in risk stratification. However, the underlying mechanisms of MDR have challenged the certainty of the prognostic significance of some mutations. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of MDR in therapeutic decision making and prognostic prediction in AML. We present an updated genetic landscape of the predominant mechanisms of drug resistance with novel targeted therapies and potential prognostic biomarkers from preclinical and clinical chemoresistance studies in AML. We particularly highlight the unfolded protein response (UPR) that has emerged as a critical regulatory pathway in chemoresistance of AML with promising therapeutic horizon. Futhermore, we outline the most prevalent mutations associated with mechanisms of chemoresistance and delineate the future directions to improve the current prognostic tools. The molecular analysis of chemoresistance integrated with genetic profiling will facilitate decision making towards personalized prognostic prediction and enhanced therapeutic efficacy.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Disease-Free Survival
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/prevention & control
- Precision Medicine/methods
- Prognosis
- Unfolded Protein Response/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Long
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China; Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Zi-Ning Lei
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA; School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
| | - Simei Ren
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China; Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China.
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113
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Epigenetic regulation of protein translation in KMT2A-rearranged AML. Exp Hematol 2020; 85:57-69. [PMID: 32437908 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of the H3K79 histone methyltransferase DOT1L has exhibited encouraging preclinical and early clinical activity in KMT2A (MLL)-rearranged leukemia, supporting the development of combinatorial therapies. Here, we investigated two novel combinations: dual inhibition of the histone methyltransferases DOT1L and EZH2, and the combination with a protein synthesis inhibitor. EZH2 is the catalytic subunit in the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), and inhibition of EZH2 has been reported to have preclinical activity in KMT2A-r leukemia. When combined with DOT1L inhibition, however, we observed both synergistic and antagonistic effects. Interestingly, antagonistic effects were not due to PRC2-mediated de-repression of HOXA9. HOXA cluster genes are key canonical targets of both KMT2A and the PRC2 complex. The independence of the HOXA cluster from PRC2 repression in KMT2A-r leukemia thus affords important insights into leukemia biology. Further studies revealed that EZH2 inhibition counteracted the effect of DOT1L inhibition on ribosomal gene expression. We thus identified a previously unrecognized role of DOT1L in regulating protein production. Decreased translation was one of the earliest effects measurable after DOT1L inhibition and specific to KMT2A-rearranged cell lines. H3K79me2 chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing patterns over ribosomal genes were similar to those of the canonical KMT2A-fusion target genes in primary AML patient samples. The effects of DOT1L inhibition on ribosomal gene expression prompted us to evaluate the combination of EPZ5676 with a protein translation inhibitor. EPZ5676 was synergistic with the protein translation inhibitor homoharringtonine (omacetaxine), supporting further preclinical/clinical development of this combination. In summary, we discovered a novel epigenetic regulation of a metabolic process-protein synthesis-that plays a role in leukemogenesis and affords a combinatorial therapeutic opportunity.
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114
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Pongor LS, Gross JM, Vera Alvarez R, Murai J, Jang SM, Zhang H, Redon C, Fu H, Huang SY, Thakur B, Baris A, Marino-Ramirez L, Landsman D, Aladjem MI, Pommier Y. BAMscale: quantification of next-generation sequencing peaks and generation of scaled coverage tracks. Epigenetics Chromatin 2020; 13:21. [PMID: 32321568 PMCID: PMC7175505 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-020-00343-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Next-generation sequencing allows genome-wide analysis of changes in chromatin states and gene expression. Data analysis of these increasingly used methods either requires multiple analysis steps, or extensive computational time. We sought to develop a tool for rapid quantification of sequencing peaks from diverse experimental sources and an efficient method to produce coverage tracks for accurate visualization that can be intuitively displayed and interpreted by experimentalists with minimal bioinformatics background. We demonstrate its strength and usability by integrating data from several types of sequencing approaches. Results We have developed BAMscale, a one-step tool that processes a wide set of sequencing datasets. To demonstrate the usefulness of BAMscale, we analyzed multiple sequencing datasets from chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing data (ChIP-seq), chromatin state change data (assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing: ATAC-seq, DNA double-strand break mapping sequencing: END-seq), DNA replication data (Okazaki fragments sequencing: OK-seq, nascent-strand sequencing: NS-seq, single-cell replication timing sequencing: scRepli-seq) and RNA-seq data. The outputs consist of raw and normalized peak scores (multiple normalizations) in text format and scaled bigWig coverage tracks that are directly accessible to data visualization programs. BAMScale also includes a visualization module facilitating direct, on-demand quantitative peak comparisons that can be used by experimentalists. Our tool can effectively analyze large sequencing datasets (~ 100 Gb size) in minutes, outperforming currently available tools. Conclusions BAMscale accurately quantifies and normalizes identified peaks directly from BAM files, and creates coverage tracks for visualization in genome browsers. BAMScale can be implemented for a wide set of methods for calculating coverage tracks, including ChIP-seq and ATAC-seq, as well as methods that currently require specialized, separate tools for analyses, such as splice-aware RNA-seq, END-seq and OK-seq for which no dedicated software is available. BAMscale is freely available on github (https://github.com/ncbi/BAMscale).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorinc S Pongor
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Jacob M Gross
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Roberto Vera Alvarez
- Computational Biology Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, NIH, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Junko Murai
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sang-Min Jang
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Christophe Redon
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Haiqing Fu
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Shar-Yin Huang
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Bhushan Thakur
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Adrian Baris
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Leonardo Marino-Ramirez
- Computational Biology Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, NIH, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - David Landsman
- Computational Biology Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, NIH, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mirit I Aladjem
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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115
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Lin KH, Rutter JC, Xie A, Pardieu B, Winn ET, Bello RD, Forget A, Itzykson R, Ahn YR, Dai Z, Sobhan RT, Anderson GR, Singleton KR, Decker AE, Winter PS, Locasale JW, Crawford L, Puissant A, Wood KC. Using antagonistic pleiotropy to design a chemotherapy-induced evolutionary trap to target drug resistance in cancer. Nat Genet 2020; 52:408-417. [PMID: 32203462 PMCID: PMC7398704 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-0590-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Local adaptation directs populations towards environment-specific fitness maxima through acquisition of positively selected traits. However, rapid environmental changes can identify hidden fitness trade-offs that turn adaptation into maladaptation, resulting in evolutionary traps. Cancer, a disease that is prone to drug resistance, is in principle susceptible to such traps. We therefore performed pooled CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screens in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells treated with various chemotherapies to map the drug-dependent genetic basis of fitness trade-offs, a concept known as antagonistic pleiotropy (AP). We identified a PRC2-NSD2/3-mediated MYC regulatory axis as a drug-induced AP pathway whose ability to confer resistance to bromodomain inhibition and sensitivity to BCL-2 inhibition templates an evolutionary trap. Across diverse AML cell-line and patient-derived xenograft models, we find that acquisition of resistance to bromodomain inhibition through this pathway exposes coincident hypersensitivity to BCL-2 inhibition. Thus, drug-induced AP can be leveraged to design evolutionary traps that selectively target drug resistance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Justine C Rutter
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Abigail Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bryann Pardieu
- Université de Paris, Génomes, Biologie Cellulaire et Thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Emily T Winn
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Reinaldo Dal Bello
- Université de Paris, Génomes, Biologie Cellulaire et Thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
- Department of Hematology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antoine Forget
- Université de Paris, Génomes, Biologie Cellulaire et Thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Raphael Itzykson
- Université de Paris, Génomes, Biologie Cellulaire et Thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
- Service Hématologie Adultes, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Yeong-Ran Ahn
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ziwei Dai
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Raiyan T Sobhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gray R Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Amy E Decker
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Peter S Winter
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lorin Crawford
- Department of Biostatistics, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Alexandre Puissant
- Université de Paris, Génomes, Biologie Cellulaire et Thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France.
| | - Kris C Wood
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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116
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Combined inhibition of Notch and FLT3 produces synergistic cytotoxic effects in FLT3/ITD + acute myeloid leukemia. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:21. [PMID: 32296014 PMCID: PMC7067872 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0108-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations of FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) are the most frequent genetic alterations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and predict a poor prognosis. FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) provide short-term clinical responses, but the long-term prognosis of FLT3/ITD+ AML patients remains poor. Notch signaling is important in numerous types of tumors. However, the role of Notch signaling in FLT3/ITD+ AML remains to be elucidated. In the current study, we found that Notch signaling was activated upon FLT3-TKI treatment in FLT3/ITD+ cell lines and primary cells. As Notch signaling can be blocked by γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs), we examined the combinatorial antitumor efficacy of FLT3-TKIs and GSIs against FLT3/ITD+ AML and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. As a result, we observed synergistic cytotoxic effects, and the treatment preferentially reduced cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in FLT3/ITD+ AML cell lines and in primary AML cells. Furthermore, the combination of FLT3-TKI and GSI eradicated leukemic cells and prolonged survival in an FLT3/ITD+ patient-derived xenograft AML model. Mechanistically, differential expression analysis suggested that CXCR3 may be partially responsible for the observed synergy, possibly through ERK signaling. Our findings suggest that combined therapies of FLT3-TKIs with GSI may be exploited as a potential therapeutic strategy to treat FLT3/ITD+ AML.
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117
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Wang J, He N, Wang R, Tian T, Han F, Zhong C, Zhang C, Hua M, Ji C, Ma D. Analysis of TET2 and EZH2 gene functions in chromosome instability in acute myeloid leukemia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2706. [PMID: 32066746 PMCID: PMC7026035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59365-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
TET2 and EZH2 play important roles in the epigenetic regulation in many cancers. However, their specific roles in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) pathogenesis remain unknown. Here, the expression, methylation or mutation of EZH2 and TET2 was determined and further correlated with the levels of the chromosome instability (CIN) genes MAD2 and CDC20. We down-regulated EZH2 and TET2 in AML cell lines and assessed the effect on CIN using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Our results showed that TET2, EZH2, MAD2 and CDC20 were aberrantly expressed in AML patients. The expression level of MAD2 or CDC20 was positively correlated with that of TET2 or EZH2. Hypermethylation of the TET2 gene down-regulated its transcription. Down-regulation of EZH2 or TET2 expression inhibited apoptosis, affected MAD2 and CDC20 expression, and promoted CIN in AML cells. Decitabine treatment restored TET2 methylation and EZH2 transcription and ameliorated CIN in AML. Therefore, TET2 and EZH2 play a tumor-inhibiting role in AML that affects CIN via MAD2 and CDC20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, P.R. China
| | - Na He
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Ruiqing Wang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Fengjiao Han
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Chaoqin Zhong
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Mingqiang Hua
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Ji
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Daoxin Ma
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China.
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118
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Chu MQ, Zhang TJ, Xu ZJ, Gu Y, Ma JC, Zhang W, Wen XM, Lin J, Qian J, Zhou JD. EZH2 dysregulation: Potential biomarkers predicting prognosis and guiding treatment choice in acute myeloid leukaemia. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:1640-1649. [PMID: 31794134 PMCID: PMC6991666 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating studies have proved EZH2 dysregulation mediated by mutation and expression in diverse human cancers including AML. However, the expression pattern of EZH2 remains controversial in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). EZH1/2 expression and mutation were analysed in 200 patients with AML. EZH2 expression was significantly decreased in AML patients compared with normal controls but not for EZH1 expression. EZH2 mutation was identified three of the 200 AML patients (1.5%, 3/200), whereas none of the patients harboured EZH1 mutation (0%, 0/200). EZH2 expression and mutation were significantly associated with -7/del(7) karyotypes. Moreover, lower EZH2 expression was associated with older age, higher white blood cells, NPM1 mutation, CEBPA wild-type and WT1 wild-type. Patients with EZH2 mutation showed shorter overall survival (OS) and leukaemia-free survival (LFS) than patients without EHZ2 mutation after receiving autologous or allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, EZH2 expression has no effect on OS and LFS of AML patients. Notably, in EZH2 low group, patients undergone HSCT had significantly better OS and LFS compared with patients only received chemotherapy, whereas no significant difference was found in OS and LFS between chemotherapy and HSCT patients in EZH2 high group. Collectively, EZH2 dysregulation caused by mutation and under-expression identifies specific subtypes of AML EZH2 dysregulation may be acted as potential biomarkers predicting prognosis and guiding the treatment choice between transplantation and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Qiang Chu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting-Juan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Malignancies of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zi-Jun Xu
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Malignancies of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Gu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Malignancies of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji-Chun Ma
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Malignancies of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Malignancies of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang-Mei Wen
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Malignancies of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Malignancies of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Malignancies of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-Dong Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Malignancies of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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119
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Vosberg S, Greif PA. Clonal evolution of acute myeloid leukemia from diagnosis to relapse. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2019; 58:839-849. [PMID: 31478278 PMCID: PMC6852285 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the individual genetic profile, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients are classified into clinically meaningful molecular subtypes. However, the mutational profile within these groups is highly heterogeneous and multiple AML subclones may exist in a single patient in parallel. Distinct alterations of single cells may be key factors in providing the fitness to survive in this highly competitive environment. Although the majority of AML patients initially respond to induction chemotherapy and achieve a complete remission, most patients will eventually relapse. These points toward an evolutionary process transforming treatment-sensitive cells into treatment-resistant cells. As described by Charles Darwin, evolution by natural selection is the selection of individuals that are optimally adapted to their environment, based on the random acquisition of heritable changes. By changing their mutational profile, AML cell populations are able to adapt to the new environment defined by chemotherapy treatment, ultimately leading to cell survival and regrowth. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge about clonal evolution in AML, describe different models of clonal evolution, and provide the methodological background that allows the detection of clonal evolution in individual AML patients. During the last years, numerous studies have focused on delineating the molecular patterns that are associated with AML relapse, each focusing on a particular genetic subgroup of AML. Finally, we will review the results of these studies in the light of Darwinian evolution and discuss open questions regarding the molecular background of relapse development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Vosberg
- Department of Medicine IIIUniversity Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
- Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research (ELLF)University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)HeidelbergGermany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Philipp A. Greif
- Department of Medicine IIIUniversity Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
- Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research (ELLF)University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)HeidelbergGermany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
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120
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Naskou J, Beiter Y, van Rensburg R, Honisch E, Rudelius M, Schlensog M, Gottstein J, Walter L, Braicu EI, Sehouli J, Darb-Esfahani S, Staebler A, Hartkopf AD, Brucker S, Wallwiener D, Beyer I, Niederacher D, Fehm T, Templin MF, Neubauer H. EZH2 Loss Drives Resistance to Carboplatin and Paclitaxel in Serous Ovarian Cancers Expressing ATM. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 18:278-286. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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121
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Garciaz S, N'guyen Dasi L, Finetti P, Chevalier C, Vernerey J, Poplineau M, Platet N, Audebert S, Pophillat M, Camoin L, Bertucci F, Calmels B, Récher C, Birnbaum D, Chabannon C, Vey N, Duprez E. Epigenetic down-regulation of the HIST1 locus predicts better prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia with NPM1 mutation. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:141. [PMID: 31606046 PMCID: PMC6790061 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0738-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epigenetic machinery is frequently altered in acute myeloid leukemia. Focusing on cytogenetically normal (CN) AML, we previously described an abnormal H3K27me3 enrichment covering 70 kb on the HIST1 cluster (6.p22) in CN-AML patient blasts. Here, we further investigate the molecular, functional, and prognosis significance of this epigenetic alteration named H3K27me3 HIST1 in NPM1-mutated (NPM1mut) CN-AML. RESULTS We found that three quarter of the NPM1mut CN-AML patients were H3K27me3 HIST1high. H3K27me3 HIST1high group of patients was associated with a favorable outcome independently of known molecular risk factors. In gene expression profiling, the H3K27me3 HIST1high mark was associated with lower expression of the histone genes HIST1H1D, HIST1H2BG, HIST1H2AE, and HIST1H3F and an upregulation of genes involved in myelomonocytic differentiation. Mass spectrometry analyses confirmed that the linker histone protein H1d, but not the other histone H1 subtypes, was downregulated in the H3K27me3 HIST1high group of patients. H1d knockdown primed ATRA-mediated differentiation of OCI-AML3 and U937 AML cell lines, as assessed on CD11b/CD11c markers, morphological and gene expression analyses. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that NPM1mut AML prognosis depends on the epigenetic silencing of the HIST1 cluster and that, among the H3K27me3 silenced histone genes, HIST1H1D plays a role in AML blast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Garciaz
- Epigenetic Factors in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis Team, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, 27 Boulevard Lei Roure, 13273, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Lia N'guyen Dasi
- Epigenetic Factors in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis Team, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, 27 Boulevard Lei Roure, 13273, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Pascal Finetti
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, CRCM, Inserm, U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Christine Chevalier
- Epigenetic Factors in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis Team, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, 27 Boulevard Lei Roure, 13273, Marseille Cedex 09, France.,Institut Pasteur, G5 Chromatin and Infection, Paris, France
| | - Julien Vernerey
- Epigenetic Factors in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis Team, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, 27 Boulevard Lei Roure, 13273, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Mathilde Poplineau
- Epigenetic Factors in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis Team, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, 27 Boulevard Lei Roure, 13273, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Nadine Platet
- Epigenetic Factors in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis Team, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, 27 Boulevard Lei Roure, 13273, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Stéphane Audebert
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Marseille, France
| | - Matthieu Pophillat
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Marseille, France
| | - Luc Camoin
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Marseille, France
| | - François Bertucci
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, CRCM, Inserm, U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Boris Calmels
- Epigenetic Factors in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis Team, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, 27 Boulevard Lei Roure, 13273, Marseille Cedex 09, France.,Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques en Biothérapies, Marseille, France
| | - Christian Récher
- Service d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, UMR1037-INSERM, ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, CRCM, Inserm, U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Christian Chabannon
- Epigenetic Factors in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis Team, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, 27 Boulevard Lei Roure, 13273, Marseille Cedex 09, France.,Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques en Biothérapies, Marseille, France
| | - Norbert Vey
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Estelle Duprez
- Epigenetic Factors in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis Team, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, 27 Boulevard Lei Roure, 13273, Marseille Cedex 09, France.
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122
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Povey JF, Saintas E, Aderemi AV, Rothweiler F, Zehner R, Dirks WG, Cinatl J, Racher AJ, Wass MN, Smales CM, Michaelis M. Intact-Cell MALDI-ToF Mass Spectrometry for the Authentication of Drug-Adapted Cancer Cell Lines. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101194. [PMID: 31581737 PMCID: PMC6830094 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of cell lines in research can be affected by cell line misidentification. Short tandem repeat (STR) analysis is an effective method, and the gold standard, for the identification of the genetic origin of a cell line, but methods that allow the discrimination between cell lines of the same genetic origin are lacking. Here, we use intact cell MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry analysis, routinely used for the identification of bacteria in clinical diagnostic procedures, for the authentication of a set of cell lines consisting of three parental neuroblastoma cell lines (IMR-5, IMR-32 and UKF-NB-3) and eleven drug-adapted sublines. Principal component analysis (PCA) of intact-cell MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry data revealed clear differences between most, but not all, of the investigated cell lines. Mass spectrometry whole-cell fingerprints enabled the separation of IMR-32 and its clonal subline IMR-5. Sublines that had been adapted to closely related drugs, for example, the cisplatin- and oxaliplatin-resistant UKF-NB-3 sublines and the vincristine- and vinblastine-adapted IMR-5 sublines, also displayed clearly distinctive patterns. In conclusion, intact whole-cell MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry has the potential to be further developed into an authentication method for mammalian cells of a common genetic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane F. Povey
- Industry Biotechnology Centre and School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK; (J.F.P.); (E.S.); (A.V.A.); (M.N.W.)
| | - Emily Saintas
- Industry Biotechnology Centre and School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK; (J.F.P.); (E.S.); (A.V.A.); (M.N.W.)
| | - Adewale V. Aderemi
- Industry Biotechnology Centre and School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK; (J.F.P.); (E.S.); (A.V.A.); (M.N.W.)
| | - Florian Rothweiler
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (F.R.)
| | - Richard Zehner
- Institut für Rechtsmedizin, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Wilhelm G. Dirks
- Leibniz-Institute Deutsche Sammlung für Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany;
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (F.R.)
| | | | - Mark N. Wass
- Industry Biotechnology Centre and School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK; (J.F.P.); (E.S.); (A.V.A.); (M.N.W.)
| | - C. Mark Smales
- Industry Biotechnology Centre and School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK; (J.F.P.); (E.S.); (A.V.A.); (M.N.W.)
- Correspondence: (C.M.S); (M.M.); Tel.: +44-1227-82-3746 (C.M.S); Tel.: +44-1227-82-7804 (M.M.)
| | - Martin Michaelis
- Industry Biotechnology Centre and School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK; (J.F.P.); (E.S.); (A.V.A.); (M.N.W.)
- Correspondence: (C.M.S); (M.M.); Tel.: +44-1227-82-3746 (C.M.S); Tel.: +44-1227-82-7804 (M.M.)
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123
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Michaelis M, Wass MN, Cinatl J. Drug-adapted cancer cell lines as preclinical models of acquired resistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2019; 2:447-456. [PMID: 35582596 PMCID: PMC8992517 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2019.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acquired resistance formation limits the efficacy of anti-cancer therapies. Acquired and intrinsic resistance differ conceptually. Acquired resistance is the consequence of directed evolution, whereas intrinsic resistance depends on the (stochastic) presence of pre-existing resistance mechanisms. Preclinical model systems are needed to study acquired drug resistance because they enable: (1) in depth functional studies; (2) the investigation of non-standard treatments for a certain disease condition (which is necessary to identify small groups of responders); and (3) the comparison of multiple therapies in the same system. Hence, they complement data derived from clinical trials and clinical specimens, including liquid biopsies. Many groups have successfully used drug-adapted cancer cell lines to identify and elucidate clinically relevant resistance mechanisms to targeted and cytotoxic anti-cancer drugs. Hence, we argue that drug-adapted cancer cell lines represent a preclinical model system in their own right that is complementary to other preclinical model systems and clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Michaelis
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Mark N Wass
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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124
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Wingelhofer B, Somervaille TCP. Emerging Epigenetic Therapeutic Targets in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2019; 9:850. [PMID: 31552175 PMCID: PMC6743337 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a genetically heterogeneous malignancy for which treatment options have been largely limited to cytotoxic chemotherapy for the past four decades. Next-generation sequencing and other approaches have identified a spectrum of genomic and epigenomic alterations that contribute to AML initiation and maintenance. The key role of epigenetic modifiers and the reversibility of epigenetic changes have paved the way for evaluation of a new set of drug targets, and facilitated the design of novel candidate treatment strategies. More recently, seven new targeted therapies have been FDA-approved demonstrating successful implementation of the past decades' research. In this review, we will summarize the most recent advances in targeted therapeutics designed for a focused group of key epigenetic regulators in AML, outline their mechanism of action and their current status in clinical development. Furthermore, we will discuss promising new approaches for epigenetic targeted treatment in AML which are currently being tested in pre-clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim C. P. Somervaille
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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125
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Walker CJ, Kohlschmidt J, Eisfeld AK, Mrózek K, Liyanarachchi S, Song C, Nicolet D, Blachly JS, Bill M, Papaioannou D, Oakes CC, Giacopelli B, Genutis LK, Maharry SE, Orwick S, Archer KJ, Powell BL, Kolitz JE, Uy GL, Wang ES, Carroll AJ, Stone RM, Byrd JC, de la Chapelle A, Bloomfield CD. Genetic Characterization and Prognostic Relevance of Acquired Uniparental Disomies in Cytogenetically Normal Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:6524-6531. [PMID: 31375516 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Uniparental disomy (UPD) is a way cancer cells duplicate a mutated gene, causing loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Patients with cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (CN-AML) do not have microscopically detectable chromosome abnormalities, but can harbor UPDs. We examined the prognostic significance of UPDs and frequency of LOH in patients with CN-AML.Experimental Design: We examined the frequency and prognostic significance of UPDs in a set of 425 adult patients with de novo CN-AML who were previously sequenced for 81 genes typically mutated in cancer. Associations of UPDs with outcome were analyzed in the 315 patients with CN-AML younger than 60 years. RESULTS We detected 127 UPDs in 109 patients. Most UPDs were large and typically encompassed all or most of the affected chromosome arm. The most common UPDs occurred on chromosome arms 13q (7.5% of patients), 6p (2.8%), and 11p (2.8%). Many UPDs significantly cooccurred with mutations in genes they encompassed, including 13q UPD with FLT3-internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD; P < 0.001), and 11p UPD with WT1 mutations (P = 0.02). Among patients younger than 60 years, UPD of 11p was associated with longer overall survival (OS) and 13q UPD with shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and OS. In multivariable models that accounted for known prognostic markers, including FLT3-ITD and WT1 mutations, UPD of 13q maintained association with shorter DFS, and UPD of 11p maintained association with longer OS. CONCLUSIONS LOH mediated by UPD is a recurrent feature of CN-AML. Detection of UPDs of 13q and 11p might be useful for genetic risk stratification of patients with CN-AML.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Kohlschmidt
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio.,Alliance Statistics and Data Center, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Krzysztof Mrózek
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Chi Song
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Deedra Nicolet
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio.,Alliance Statistics and Data Center, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - James S Blachly
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Marius Bill
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | | | - Brian Giacopelli
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Luke K Genutis
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sophia E Maharry
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Shelley Orwick
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kellie J Archer
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Bayard L Powell
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jonathan E Kolitz
- Monter Cancer Center, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Lake Success, New York
| | - Geoffrey L Uy
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Eunice S Wang
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | | | | | - John C Byrd
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
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126
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Singh R, Fazal Z, Corbet AK, Bikorimana E, Rodriguez JC, Khan EM, Shahid K, Freemantle SJ, Spinella MJ. Epigenetic Remodeling through Downregulation of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 Mediates Chemotherapy Resistance in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060796. [PMID: 31181810 PMCID: PMC6627640 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A greater understanding of the hypersensitivity and curability of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) has the potential to inform strategies to sensitize other solid tumors to conventional chemotherapies. The mechanisms of cisplatin hypersensitivity and resistance in embryonal carcinoma (EC), the stem cells of TGCTs, remain largely undefined. To study the mechanisms of cisplatin resistance we generated a large panel of independently derived, acquired resistant clones from three distinct parental EC models employing a protocol designed to match standard of care regimens of TGCT patients. Transcriptomics revealed highly significant expression changes shared between resistant cells regardless of their parental origin. This was dominated by a highly significant enrichment of genes normally repressed by H3K27 methylation and the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) which correlated with a substantial decrease in global H3K27me3, H2AK119 ubiquitination, and expression of BMI1. Importantly, repression of H3K27 methylation with the EZH2 inhibitor GSK-126 conferred cisplatin resistance to parental cells while induction of H3K27 methylation with the histone lysine demethylase inhibitor GSK-J4 resulted in increased cisplatin sensitivity to resistant cells. A gene signature based on H3K27me gene enrichment was associated with an increased rate of recurrent/progressive disease in testicular cancer patients. Our data indicates that repression of H3K27 methylation is a mechanism of cisplatin acquired resistance in TGCTs and that restoration of PRC2 complex function is a viable approach to overcome treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratnakar Singh
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Zeeshan Fazal
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Andrea K Corbet
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Emmanuel Bikorimana
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Jennifer C Rodriguez
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Ema M Khan
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Khadeeja Shahid
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Sarah J Freemantle
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Michael J Spinella
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine and Cancer Center of Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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127
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Jia Y, Vong JSL, Asafova A, Garvalov BK, Caputo L, Cordero J, Singh A, Boettger T, Günther S, Fink L, Acker T, Barreto G, Seeger W, Braun T, Savai R, Dobreva G. Lamin B1 loss promotes lung cancer development and metastasis by epigenetic derepression of RET. J Exp Med 2019; 216:1377-1395. [PMID: 31015297 PMCID: PMC6547854 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although abnormal nuclear structure is an important criterion for cancer diagnostics, remarkably little is known about its relationship to tumor development. Here we report that loss of lamin B1, a determinant of nuclear architecture, plays a key role in lung cancer. We found that lamin B1 levels were reduced in lung cancer patients. Lamin B1 silencing in lung epithelial cells promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell migration, tumor growth, and metastasis. Mechanistically, we show that lamin B1 recruits the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) to alter the H3K27me3 landscape and repress genes involved in cell migration and signaling. In particular, epigenetic derepression of the RET proto-oncogene by loss of PRC2 recruitment, and activation of the RET/p38 signaling axis, play a crucial role in mediating the malignant phenotype upon lamin B1 disruption. Importantly, loss of a single lamin B1 allele induced spontaneous lung tumor formation and RET activation. Thus, lamin B1 acts as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer, linking aberrant nuclear structure and epigenetic patterning with malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhan Jia
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM) and European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Joaquim Si-Long Vong
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Alina Asafova
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Boyan K Garvalov
- Microvascular Biology and Pathobiology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Luca Caputo
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Julio Cordero
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM) and European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anshu Singh
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM) and European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Boettger
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ludger Fink
- Institute of Pathology and Cytology, Überregionale Gemeinschaftspraxis für Pathologie (ÜGP), Wetzlar, Germany
| | - Till Acker
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Guillermo Barreto
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Gergana Dobreva
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM) and European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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128
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Dhall A, Zee BM, Yan F, Blanco MA. Intersection of Epigenetic and Metabolic Regulation of Histone Modifications in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2019; 9:432. [PMID: 31192132 PMCID: PMC6540842 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most lethal blood cancers, accounting for close to a quarter of a million annual deaths worldwide. Even though genetically heterogeneous, all AMLs are characterized by two interrelated features—blocked differentiation and high proliferative capacity. Despite significant progress in our understanding of the molecular and genetic basis of AML, the treatment of AMLs with chemotherapeutic regimens has remained largely unchanged in the past 30 years. In this review, we will consider the role of two cellular processes, metabolism and epigenetics, in the development and progression of AML and highlight the studies that suggest an interconnection of therapeutic importance between the two. Large-scale whole-exome sequencing of AML patients has revealed the presence of mutations, translocations or duplications in several epigenetic effectors such as DNMT3, MLL, ASXL1, and TET2, often times co-occuring with mutations in metabolic enzymes such as IDH1 and IDH2. These mutations often result in impaired enzymatic activity which leads to an altered epigenetic landscape through dysregulation of chromatin modifications such as DNA methylation, histone acetylation and methylation. We will discuss the role of enzymes that are responsible for establishing these modifications, namely histone acetyl transferases (HAT), histone methyl transferases (HMT), demethylases (KDMs), and deacetylases (HDAC), and also highlight the merits and demerits of using inhibitors that target these enzymes. Furthermore, we will tie in the metabolic regulation of co-factors such as acetyl-CoA, SAM, and α-ketoglutarate that are utilized by these enzymes and examine the role of metabolic inhibitors as a treatment option for AML. In doing so, we hope to stimulate interest in this topic and help generate a rationale for the consideration of the combinatorial use of metabolic and epigenetic inhibitors for the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Dhall
- Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Barry M Zee
- Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Fangxue Yan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - M Andres Blanco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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129
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-yang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
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130
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Hong F, Zhao M, Zhang L, Feng L. Inhibition of Ezh2 In Vitro and the Decline of Ezh2 in Developing Midbrain Promote Dopaminergic Neurons Differentiation Through Modifying H3K27me3. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:649-658. [PMID: 30887911 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications play an important role in neural development. Trimethylated histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3) is a repressive epigenetic marker that mediates tissue development. In this study, we demonstrate that H3K27me3 and histone methyl transferase Ezh2 regulated the development of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in vitro and in vivo. We found that H3K27me3 increased during differentiation of ventral midbrain-derived neural stem cells (VM-NSCs). However, histone demethylase selective inhibitor GSK-J1 increased H3K27me3 level and decreased the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase. Treated with Ezh2-selective inhibitor EPZ005687 repressed the trimethylation of H3K27 and enhanced differentiation of DA neurons in VM-NSCs cultures. Furthermore, Ezh2 inhibition promoted the expression of DA neurons developmental-related factors by modifying H3K27 trimethylation on the relevant promoter regions. Moreover, the effect of Ezh2 inhibition-mediated DA neurons differentiation was blocked by the expression of shRNA specific for Nurr1. In vivo, Ezh2 decreased and resulted in a reduction of H3K27me3 in developing midbrain. Deletion of Ezh2 by RNA interference approach promoted differentiation of DA neurons during midbrain development. Overexpression of Ezh2 enhanced cell self-renewal and did not affect differentiation of DA neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hong
- 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Department of Neuropharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,2 Department of Neuropharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxue Zhao
- 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Department of Neuropharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,2 Department of Neuropharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Department of Neuropharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Linyin Feng
- 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Department of Neuropharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,2 Department of Neuropharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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131
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An Y, Zhou L, Huang Z, Nice EC, Zhang H, Huang C. Molecular insights into cancer drug resistance from a proteomics perspective. Expert Rev Proteomics 2019; 16:413-429. [PMID: 30925852 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1601561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Resistance to chemotherapy and development of specific and effective molecular targeted therapies are major obstacles facing current cancer treatment. Comparative proteomic approaches have been employed for the discovery of putative biomarkers associated with cancer drug resistance and have yielded a number of candidate proteins, showing great promise for both novel drug target identification and personalized medicine for the treatment of drug-resistant cancer. Areas covered: Herein, we review the recent advances and challenges in proteomics studies on cancer drug resistance with an emphasis on biomarker discovery, as well as understanding the interconnectivity of proteins in disease-related signaling pathways. In addition, we highlight the critical role that post-translational modifications (PTMs) play in the mechanisms of cancer drug resistance. Expert opinion: Revealing changes in proteome profiles and the role of PTMs in drug-resistant cancer is key to deciphering the mechanisms of treatment resistance. With the development of sensitive and specific mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics and related technologies, it is now possible to investigate in depth potential biomarkers and the molecular mechanisms of cancer drug resistance, assisting the development of individualized therapeutic strategies for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao An
- a West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine , Sichuan University , Chengdu , PR China.,b Department of Oncology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University , Haikou , P.R. China
| | - Li Zhou
- a West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine , Sichuan University , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Zhao Huang
- a West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine , Sichuan University , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Monash University , Clayton , Australia
| | - Haiyuan Zhang
- b Department of Oncology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University , Haikou , P.R. China
| | - Canhua Huang
- a West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine , Sichuan University , Chengdu , PR China.,b Department of Oncology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University , Haikou , P.R. China
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132
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SETD2 mutations confer chemoresistance in acute myeloid leukemia partly through altered cell cycle checkpoints. Leukemia 2019; 33:2585-2598. [PMID: 30967619 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SETD2, an epigenetic tumor suppressor, is frequently mutated in MLL-rearranged (MLLr) leukemia and relapsed acute leukemia (AL). To clarify the impact of SETD2 mutations on chemotherapy sensitivity in MLLr leukemia, two loss-of-function (LOF) Setd2-mutant alleles (Setd2F2478L/WT or Setd2Ex6-KO/WT) were generated and introduced, respectively, to the Mll-Af9 knock-in leukemia mouse model. Both alleles cooperated with Mll-Af9 to accelerate leukemia development that resulted in resistance to standard Cytarabine-based chemotherapy. Mechanistically, Setd2-mutant leukemic cells showed downregulated signaling related to cell cycle progression, S, and G2/M checkpoint regulation. Thus, after Cytarabine treatment, Setd2-mutant leukemic cells exit from the S phase and progress to the G2/M phase. Importantly, S and G2/M cell cycle checkpoint inhibition could resensitize the Mll-Af9/Setd2 double-mutant cells to standard chemotherapy by causing DNA replication collapse, mitotic catastrophe, and increased cell death. These findings demonstrate that LOF SETD2 mutations confer chemoresistance on AL to DNA-damaging treatment by S and G2/M checkpoint defects. The combination of S and G2/M checkpoint inhibition with chemotherapy can be explored as a promising therapeutic strategy by exploiting their unique vulnerability and resensitizing chemoresistant AL with SETD2 or SETD2-like epigenetic mutations.
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Abstract
In this issue of JEM, Basheer et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20181276) describe opposing roles of the epigenetic regulator Ezh2 during initiation and maintenance of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Ezh2 was found to have tumor suppressive and oncogenic functions in different phases of the same malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek C Skoda
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juerg Schwaller
- Department of Biomedicine, University Children's Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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134
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Basheer F, Giotopoulos G, Meduri E, Yun H, Mazan M, Sasca D, Gallipoli P, Marando L, Gozdecka M, Asby R, Sheppard O, Dudek M, Bullinger L, Döhner H, Dillon R, Freeman S, Ottmann O, Burnett A, Russell N, Papaemmanuil E, Hills R, Campbell P, Vassiliou GS, Huntly BJP. Contrasting requirements during disease evolution identify EZH2 as a therapeutic target in AML. J Exp Med 2019; 216:966-981. [PMID: 30890554 PMCID: PMC6446874 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulators, such as EZH2, are frequently mutated in cancer, and loss-of-function EZH2 mutations are common in myeloid malignancies. We have examined the importance of cellular context for Ezh2 loss during the evolution of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), where we observed stage-specific and diametrically opposite functions for Ezh2 at the early and late stages of disease. During disease maintenance, WT Ezh2 exerts an oncogenic function that may be therapeutically targeted. In contrast, Ezh2 acts as a tumor suppressor during AML induction. Transcriptional analysis explains this apparent paradox, demonstrating that loss of Ezh2 derepresses different expression programs during disease induction and maintenance. During disease induction, Ezh2 loss derepresses a subset of bivalent promoters that resolve toward gene activation, inducing a feto-oncogenic program that includes genes such as Plag1, whose overexpression phenocopies Ezh2 loss to accelerate AML induction in mouse models. Our data highlight the importance of cellular context and disease phase for the function of Ezh2 and its potential therapeutic implications.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cohort Studies
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein/genetics
- Gene Frequency
- Histones/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/blood
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Loss of Function Mutation
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Prognosis
- Survival Rate
- Transduction, Genetic
- Transplantation, Homologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Basheer
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - George Giotopoulos
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eshwar Meduri
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Haiyang Yun
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Milena Mazan
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Daniel Sasca
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paolo Gallipoli
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ludovica Marando
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Malgorzata Gozdecka
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Ryan Asby
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Olivia Sheppard
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Hartmut Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Richard Dillon
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Kings College School of Medicine, UK
| | - Sylvie Freeman
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University of Birmingham Medical School, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Oliver Ottmann
- Department of Haematology, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Nigel Russell
- Department of Haematology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Elli Papaemmanuil
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Cancer Biology, the Center for Molecular Oncology and the Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Robert Hills
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - George S Vassiliou
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Brian J P Huntly
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
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135
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Cytarabine-Resistant FLT3-ITD Leukemia Cells are Associated with TP53 Mutation and Multiple Pathway Alterations-Possible Therapeutic Efficacy of Cabozantinib. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051230. [PMID: 30862120 PMCID: PMC6429333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Internal tandem duplication of FLT3 juxtamembrane domain (FLT3-ITD)-positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) leads to poor clinical outcomes after chemotherapy. We aimed to establish a cytarabine-resistant line from FLT3-ITD-positive MV4-11 (MV4-11-P) cells and examine the development of resistance. The FLT3-ITD mutation was retained in MV4-11-R; however, the protein was underglycosylated and less phosphorylated in these cells. Moreover, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, Akt, MEK1/2 and p53 increased in MV4-11-R. The levels of Mcl-1 and p53 proteins were also elevated in MV4-11-R. A p53 D281G mutant emerged in MV4-11-R, in addition to the pre-existing R248W mutation. MV4-11-P and MV4-11-R showed similar sensitivity to cabozantinib, sorafenib, and MK2206, whereas MV4-11-R showed resistance to CI-1040 and idarubicin. MV4-11-R resistance may be associated with inhibition of Akt phosphorylation, but not ERK phosphorylation, after exposure to these drugs. The multi-kinase inhibitor cabozantinib inhibited FLT3-ITD signaling in MV4-11-R cells and MV4-11-R-derived tumors in mice. Cabozantinib effectively inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival time in mice bearing MV4-11-R-derived tumors. Together, our findings suggest that Mcl-1 and Akt phosphorylation are potential therapeutic targets for p53 mutants and that cabozantinib is an effective treatment in cytarabine-resistant FLT3-ITD-positive AML.
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136
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Nakamura M, Chiba T, Kanayama K, Kanzaki H, Saito T, Kusakabe Y, Kato N. Epigenetic dysregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma: an up-to-date review. Hepatol Res 2019; 49:3-13. [PMID: 30238570 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Due to the advances made in research based on next generation sequencers, it is now possible to detect and analyze epigenetic abnormalities associated with cancer. DNA methylation, various histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNA-associated gene silencing are considered to be transcriptional regulatory mechanisms associated with gene expression changes. The breakdown of this precise regulatory system is involved in the transition to cancer. The important role of epigenetic regulation can be observed from the high rate of genetic mutations and abnormal gene expression leading to a breakdown in epigenetic gene expression regulation seen in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Based on an understanding of epigenomic abnormalities associated with pathological conditions, these findings will lead the way to diagnosis and treatment. In particular, in addition to the fact that there are few choices in terms of extant drug therapies aimed at HCC, there are limits to their antitumor effects. The clinical application of epigenetic therapeutic agents for HCC has only just begun, and future developments are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Chiba
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kengo Kanayama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kanzaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoko Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuko Kusakabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoya Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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137
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Jiang M, Xu B, Li X, Shang Y, Chu Y, Wang W, Chen D, Wu N, Hu S, Zhang S, Li M, Wu K, Yang X, Liang J, Nie Y, Fan D. O-GlcNAcylation promotes colorectal cancer metastasis via the miR-101-O-GlcNAc/EZH2 regulatory feedback circuit. Oncogene 2019; 38:301-316. [PMID: 30093632 PMCID: PMC6336687 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0435-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest cancers, and the 5-year survival rate of patients with metastasis is extremely low. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered essential for metastatic CRC, but the fundamental molecular basis underlying this effect remains unknown. Here, we identified that O-GlcNAcylation, a unique posttranslational modification (PTM) involved in cancer metabolic reprogramming, increased the metastatic capability of CRC. The levels of O-GlcNAcylation were increased in the metastatic CRC tissues and cell lines, which likely promoted the EMT by enhancing EZH2 protein stability and function. The CRC patients with higher levels of O-GlcNAcylation exhibited greater lymph node metastasis potential and lower overall survival. Bioinformatic analysis and luciferase reporter assays revealed that both O-GlcNAcylation transferase (OGT) and EZH2 are posttranscriptionally inhibited by microRNA-101. In addition, O-GlcNAcylation and H3K27me3 modification in the miR-101 promoter region further inhibited the transcription of miR-101, resulting in the upregulation of OGT and EZH2 in metastatic CRC, thus forming a vicious cycle. In this study, we demonstrated that O-GlcNAcylation, which is negatively regulated by microRNA-101, likely promotes CRC metastasis by enhancing EZH2 protein stability and function. Reducing O-GlcNAcylation may be a potential therapeutic strategy for metastatic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzuo Jiang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bing Xu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yulong Shang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Chu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Di Chen
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Wu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sijun Hu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Song Zhang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengbin Li
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyong Yang
- Department of molecular cellular and developmental biology, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Jie Liang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Daiming Fan
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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138
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Ariës IM, Bodaar K, Karim SA, Chonghaile TN, Hinze L, Burns MA, Pfirrmann M, Degar J, Landrigan JT, Balbach S, Peirs S, Menten B, Isenhart R, Stevenson KE, Neuberg DS, Devidas M, Loh ML, Hunger SP, Teachey DT, Rabin KR, Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Wood BL, Silverman LB, Sallan SE, Van Vlierberghe P, Orkin SH, Knoechel B, Letai AG, Gutierrez A. PRC2 loss induces chemoresistance by repressing apoptosis in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Exp Med 2018; 215:3094-3114. [PMID: 30404791 PMCID: PMC6279404 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The tendency of mitochondria to undergo or resist BCL2-controlled apoptosis (so-called mitochondrial priming) is a powerful predictor of response to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Fully exploiting this finding will require unraveling the molecular genetics underlying phenotypic variability in mitochondrial priming. Here, we report that mitochondrial apoptosis resistance in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is mediated by inactivation of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). In T-ALL clinical specimens, loss-of-function mutations of PRC2 core components (EZH2, EED, or SUZ12) were associated with mitochondrial apoptosis resistance. In T-ALL cells, PRC2 depletion induced resistance to apoptosis induction by multiple chemotherapeutics with distinct mechanisms of action. PRC2 loss induced apoptosis resistance via transcriptional up-regulation of the LIM domain transcription factor CRIP2 and downstream up-regulation of the mitochondrial chaperone TRAP1 These findings demonstrate the importance of mitochondrial apoptotic priming as a prognostic factor in T-ALL and implicate mitochondrial chaperone function as a molecular determinant of chemotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid M Ariës
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kimberly Bodaar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Salmaan A Karim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Triona Ni Chonghaile
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Deparment of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura Hinze
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Melissa A Burns
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Maren Pfirrmann
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - James Degar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jack T Landrigan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sebastian Balbach
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sofie Peirs
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Björn Menten
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Randi Isenhart
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kristen E Stevenson
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Donna S Neuberg
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | - Mignon L Loh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Stephen P Hunger
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David T Teachey
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Karen R Rabin
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Stuart S Winter
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Department, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Brent L Wood
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Lewis B Silverman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Stephen E Sallan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Pieter Van Vlierberghe
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stuart H Orkin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Birgit Knoechel
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Anthony G Letai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alejandro Gutierrez
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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139
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Abstract
In this issue, Maganti and colleagues described an epigenetic link between reduced abundance of Polycomb-related protein MTF2 and chemotherapy resistance in refractory acute myeloid leukemia. MTF2 deficiency impaired expression of the PRC2 complex and deposition of H3K27me3 at many genes, including the key target gene MDM2, leading to increased MDM2 expression that in turn depleted p53 and thereby conferred chemoresistance. Cancer Discov; 8(11); 1348-51. ©2018 AACR See related article by Maganti et al., p. 1376.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihangir Duy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
| | - Ari Melnick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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140
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Di Carlo V, Mocavini I, Di Croce L. Polycomb complexes in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. J Cell Biol 2018; 218:55-69. [PMID: 30341152 PMCID: PMC6314559 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201808028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Di Carlo et al. discuss how the regulation/dysregulation of Polycomb group proteins contributes to hematopoiesis and hematological disorders. Epigenetic mechanisms are crucial for sustaining cell type–specific transcription programs. Among the distinct factors, Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are major negative regulators of gene expression in mammals. These proteins play key roles in regulating the proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation of stem cells. During hematopoietic differentiation, many PcG proteins are fundamental for proper lineage commitment, as highlighted by the fact that a lack of distinct PcG proteins results in embryonic lethality accompanied by differentiation biases. Correspondingly, proteins of these complexes are frequently dysregulated in hematological diseases. In this review, we present an overview of the role of PcG proteins in normal and malignant hematopoiesis, focusing on the compositional complexity of PcG complexes, and we briefly discuss the ongoing clinical trials for drugs targeting these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Di Carlo
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivano Mocavini
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luciano Di Croce
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain .,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
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141
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Histone deacetylase inhibitor targets CD123/CD47-positive cells and reverse chemoresistance phenotype in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2018; 33:931-944. [PMID: 30291336 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistance may be due to the survival of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) that are quiescent and not responsive to chemotherapy or lie on the intrinsic or acquired resistance of the specific pool of AML cells. Here, we found, among well-established LSC markers, only CD123 and CD47 are correlated with AML cell chemosensitivities across cell lines and patient samples. Further study reveals that percentages of CD123+CD47+ cells significantly increased in chemoresistant lines compared to parental cell lines. However, stemness signature genes are not significantly increased in resistant cells. Instead, gene changes are enriched in cell cycle and cell survival pathways. This suggests CD123 may serve as a biomarker for chemoresistance, but not stemness of AML cells. We further investigated the role of epigenetic factors in regulating the survival of chemoresistant leukemia cells. Epigenetic drugs, especially histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis), effectively induced apoptosis of chemoresistant cells. Furthermore, HDACi Romidepsin largely reversed gene expression profile of resistant cells and efficiently targeted and removed chemoresistant leukemia blasts in xenograft AML mouse model. More interestingly, Romidepsin preferentially targets CD123+ cells, while chemotherapy drug Ara-C mainly targeted fast-growing, CD123- cells. Therefore, Romidepsin alone or in combination with Ara-C may be a potential treatment strategy for chemoresistant patients.
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142
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Lin P, Ren Y, Yan X, Luo Y, Zhang H, Kesarwani M, Bu J, Zhan D, Zhou Y, Tang Y, Zhu S, Xu W, Zhou X, Mei C, Ma L, Ye L, Hu C, Azam M, Ding W, Jin J, Huang G, Tong H. The high NRF2 expression confers chemotherapy resistance partly through up-regulated DUSP1 in myelodysplastic syndromes. Haematologica 2018; 104:485-496. [PMID: 30262569 PMCID: PMC6395322 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.197749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cytarabine has been widely considered as one of the chemotherapy drugs for high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), the overall response rate is only approximately 20-30%. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2, also called NFE2L2) has been shown to play a pivotal role in preventing cancer cells from being affected by chemotherapy. However, it is not yet known whether NRF2 can be used as a prognostic biomarker in MDS, or whether elevated NRF2 levels are associated with cytarabine resistance. Here, we found that NRF2 expression levels in bone marrow from high-risk patients exceeded that of low-risk MDS patients. Importantly, high NRF2 levels are correlated with inferior outcomes in MDS patients (n=137). Downregulation of NRF2 by the inhibitor Luteolin, or lentiviral shRNA knockdown, enhanced the chemotherapeutic efficacy of cytarabine, while MDS cells treated by NRF2 agonist Sulforaphane showed increased resistance to cytarabine. More importantly, pharmacological inhibition of NRF2 could sensitize primary high-risk MDS cells to cytarabine treatment. Mechanistically, downregulation of dual specificity protein phosphatase 1, an NRF2 direct target gene, could abrogate cytarabine resistance in NRF2 elevated MDS cells. Silencing NRF2 or dual specificity protein phosphatase 1 also significantly sensitized cytarabine treatment and inhibited tumors in MDS cells transplanted mouse models in vivo. Our study suggests that targeting NRF2 in combination with conventional chemotherapy could pave the way for future therapy for high-risk MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Lin
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Myelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Divisions of Pathology and Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, USA
| | - Yanling Ren
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Myelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- Divisions of Pathology and Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, USA
| | - Yingwan Luo
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Myelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Myelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meenu Kesarwani
- Divisions of Pathology and Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, USA
| | - Jiachen Bu
- Divisions of Pathology and Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, USA
| | - Di Zhan
- Divisions of Pathology and Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, USA
| | - Yile Zhou
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Divisions of Pathology and Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, USA
| | - Yuting Tang
- Divisions of Pathology and Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, USA
| | - Shuanghong Zhu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Myelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weilai Xu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Myelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinping Zhou
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Myelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Mei
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Myelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liya Ma
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Myelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Myelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Hu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mohammad Azam
- Divisions of Pathology and Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, USA
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Divisions of Pathology and Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, USA
| | - Hongyan Tong
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China .,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Myelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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143
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Qiao F, Li N, Li W. Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals Potential Long Non-Coding RNA Biomarkers and Analysis of Function in Non-Smoking Females with Lung Cancer. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:5771-5778. [PMID: 30120911 PMCID: PMC6110140 DOI: 10.12659/msm.908884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the most lethal cancer worldwide. The aim of this study was to identify the tumor-related lncRNAs and explore their functions in female non-smokers with lung cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS The gene expression microarray datasets GSE19804, GSE31210, and GSE31548 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially-expressed lncRNAs between non-smoking female lung cancer samples and non-tumor lung tissues were identified using GEO2R. RESULTS In total, 25, 40, and 15 differentially-expressed lncRNAs were obtained from GSE19804, GSE31210, and GSE31548 datasets (|logFC| >1, adj. P<0.05), respectively. Eight lncRNAs were screened out in all 3 datasets. Of these, 5 lncRNAs were up-regulated and 3 lncRNAs were down-regulated in lung cancer tissues compared to non-tumor lung tissues. Then, the target miRNAs of aberrantly expressed lncRNAs and target mRNAs corresponding to miRNAs were predicted. Subsequently, the ceRNA network with 8 key lncRNAs, 20 miRNAs, and 38 mRNAs were constructed. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis showed these target genes were mainly enriched in biological processes associated with protein binding, nucleus, metal ion binding, regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, nucleic acid binding, cell differentiation, microRNAs in cancer, and the hippo signaling pathway. Survival analysis of these lncRNAs revealed that low LINC00968 (P=0.0067) and TBX5-AS1 (P=0.0028) expression were associated with unfavorable prognosis in never-smoking female lung cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS The present study promotes understanding of the molecular mechanism of the pathogenesis of non-smoking female lung cancer and provides potential biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Qiao
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Na Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland).,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
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144
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Maganti HB, Jrade H, Cafariello C, Manias Rothberg JL, Porter CJ, Yockell-Lelièvre J, Battaion HL, Khan ST, Howard JP, Li Y, Grzybowski AT, Sabri E, Ruthenburg AJ, Dilworth FJ, Perkins TJ, Sabloff M, Ito CY, Stanford WL. Targeting the MTF2-MDM2 Axis Sensitizes Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia to Chemotherapy. Cancer Discov 2018; 8:1376-1389. [PMID: 30115703 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Deep sequencing has revealed that epigenetic modifiers are the most mutated genes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Thus, elucidating epigenetic dysregulation in AML is crucial to understand disease mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate that metal response element binding transcription factor 2/polycomblike 2 (MTF2/PCL2) plays a fundamental role in the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and that its loss elicits an altered epigenetic state underlying refractory AML. Unbiased systems analyses identified the loss of MTF2-PRC2 repression of MDM2 as central to, and therefore a biomarker for, refractory AML. Thus, immature MTF2-deficient CD34+CD38- cells overexpress MDM2, thereby inhibiting p53 that leads to chemoresistance due to defects in cell-cycle regulation and apoptosis. Targeting this dysregulated signaling pathway by MTF2 overexpression or MDM2 inhibitors sensitized refractory patient leukemic cells to induction chemotherapeutics and prevented relapse in AML patient-derived xenograft mice. Therefore, we have uncovered a direct epigenetic mechanism by which MTF2 functions as a tumor suppressor required for AML chemotherapeutic sensitivity and identified a potential therapeutic strategy to treat refractory AML.Significance: MTF2 deficiency predicts refractory AML at diagnosis. MTF2 represses MDM2 in hematopoietic cells and its loss in AML results in chemoresistance. Inhibiting p53 degradation by overexpressing MTF2 in vitro or by using MDM2 inhibitors in vivo sensitizes MTF2-deficient refractory AML cells to a standard induction-chemotherapy regimen. Cancer Discov; 8(11); 1376-89. ©2018 AACR. See related commentary by Duy and Melnick, p. 1348 This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1333.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harinad B Maganti
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hani Jrade
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher Cafariello
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janet L Manias Rothberg
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher J Porter
- Ottawa Bioinformatics Core Facility, The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julien Yockell-Lelièvre
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hannah L Battaion
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Safwat T Khan
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joel P Howard
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuefeng Li
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian T Grzybowski
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Elham Sabri
- Clinical Epidemiology Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander J Ruthenburg
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - F Jeffrey Dilworth
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Theodore J Perkins
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Bioinformatics Core Facility, The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mitchell Sabloff
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Caryn Y Ito
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - William L Stanford
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. .,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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145
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Gallipoli P, Huntly BJP. Novel epigenetic therapies in hematological malignancies: Current status and beyond. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 51:198-210. [PMID: 28782607 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade transcriptional dysregulation and altered epigenetic programs have emerged as a hallmark in the majority of hematological cancers. Several epigenetic regulators are recurrently mutated in many hematological malignancies. In addition, in those cases that lack epigenetic mutations, altered function of epigenetic regulators has been shown to play a central role in the pathobiology of many hematological neoplasms, through mechanisms that are becoming increasingly understood. This, in turn, has led to the development of small molecule inhibitors of dysregulated epigenetic pathways as novel targeted therapies for hematological malignancies. In this review, we will present the most recent advances in our understanding of the role played by dysregulated epigenetic programs in the development and maintenance of hematological neoplasms. We will describe novel therapeutics targeting altered epigenetic programs and outline their mode of action. We will then discuss their use in specific conditions, identify potential limitations and putative toxicities while also providing an update on their current clinical development. Finally, we will highlight the opportunities presented by epigenetically targeted therapies in hematological malignancies and introduce the challenges that need to be tackled by both the research and clinical communities to best translate these novel therapies into clinical practice and to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Gallipoli
- Department of Hematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Brian J P Huntly
- Department of Hematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK.
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146
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Nakagawa M, Kitabayashi I. Oncogenic roles of enhancer of zeste homolog 1/2 in hematological malignancies. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:2342-2348. [PMID: 29845708 PMCID: PMC6113435 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycomb group (PcG) proteins regulate the expression of target genes by modulating histone modifications and are representative epigenetic regulators that maintain the stemness of embryonic and hematopoietic stem cells. Histone methyltransferases enhancer of zeste homolog 1 and 2 (EZH1/2), which are subunits of polycomb repressive complexes (PRC), are recurrently mutated or highly expressed in many hematological malignancies. EZH2 has a dual function in tumorigenesis as an oncogene and tumor suppressor gene, and targeting PRC2, in particular EZH1/2, for anticancer therapy has been extensively developed in the clinical setting. Here, we review the oncogenic function of EZH1/2 and introduce new therapeutic drugs targeting these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Nakagawa
- Division of Hematological MalignancyNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Issay Kitabayashi
- Division of Hematological MalignancyNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
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147
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Heuser M, Yun H, Thol F. Epigenetics in myelodysplastic syndromes. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 51:170-179. [PMID: 28778402 PMCID: PMC7116652 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulators are the largest group of genes mutated in MDS patients. Most mutated genes belong to one of three groups of genes with normal functions in DNA methylation, in H3K27 methylation/acetylation or in H3K4 methylation. Mutations in the majority of epigenetic regulators disrupt their normal function and induce a loss-of-function phenotype. The transcriptional consequences are often failure to repress differentiation programs and upregulation of self-renewal pathways. However, the mechanisms how different epigenetic regulators result in similar transcriptional consequences are not well understood. Hypomethylating agents are active in higher risk MDS patients, but their efficacy does not correlate with mutations in epigenetic regulators and the median duration of hematologic response is limited to 10-13 months. Inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDAC) yielded disappointing results so far, questioning this approach in MDS patients. We review the clinical relevance of epigenetic mutations in MDS, discuss their functional consequences and highlight the role of epigenetic therapies in this difficult to treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Heuser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Haiyang Yun
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Addenbrooke's Hospital, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council, Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Felicitas Thol
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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148
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UTX is an escape from X-inactivation tumor-suppressor in B cell lymphoma. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2720. [PMID: 30006524 PMCID: PMC6045675 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05084-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To explain the excess cancer rate in males, several candidates for “escape from X-inactivation tumor-suppressor” (EXITS) were recently identified. In this report we provide direct experimental evidence supporting UTX’s role as an EXITS gene. Using a mouse lymphoma model, we show clear dosage effect of UTX copy number during tumorigenesis, which strongly supports the EXITS theory. Importantly, UTX deletion not only accelerates lymphomagenesis, it also strongly promotes tumor progression. UTX-knockout tumors are more aggressive, showing enhanced brain dissemination and formation of blood vessels. Efnb1 is overexpressed in UTX KO tumors and can lead to such phenotypes. In human patients, lymphomas with low UTX expression also express high levels of Efnb1, and cause significantly poor survival. Lastly, we show that UTX deficiency renders lymphoma sensitive to cytarabine treatment. Taken together, these data highlight UTX loss’s profound impacts on tumor initiation and drug response. UTX is a tumor suppressor gene located on the X-chromosome so it could potentially contribute to the cancer gender bias. Here the authors, using a mouse model of B cell lymphoma, show that UTX is a dosage sensitive tumor suppressor and may be responsible for some of the increased incidence and possibly aggressiveness of male cancers that harbour UTX mutations.
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149
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Hajji N, García-Domínguez DJ, Hontecillas-Prieto L, O'Neill K, de Álava E, Syed N. The bitter side of epigenetics: variability and resistance to chemotherapy. Epigenomics 2018; 13:397-403. [PMID: 29932342 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major obstacles to the development of effective new cancer treatments and the main factor for the increasing number of clinical trial failures appears to be the paucity of accurate, reproducible and robust drug resistance testing methods. Most research assessing the resistance of cancers to chemotherapy has concentrated on genetic-based molecular mechanisms, while the role of epigenetics in drug resistance has been generally overlooked. This is rather surprising given that an increasing body of evidence pointing to the fact that epigenetic mechanism alterations appear to play a pivotal role in cancer initiation, progression and development of chemoresistance. This resulted in a series of clinical trials involving epi-drug as single treatment or combined with cancer conventional drugs. In this review, we provided the main mechanisms by which the epigenetic regulators control the resistance to cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Hajji
- The John Fulcher Molecular Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel J García-Domínguez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IbiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville/CIBERONC, Spain
| | - Lourdes Hontecillas-Prieto
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IbiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville/CIBERONC, Spain
| | - Kevin O'Neill
- The John Fulcher Molecular Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Enrique de Álava
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IbiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville/CIBERONC, Spain
| | - Nelofer Syed
- The John Fulcher Molecular Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Lambert M, Jambon S, Depauw S, David-Cordonnier MH. Targeting Transcription Factors for Cancer Treatment. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061479. [PMID: 29921764 PMCID: PMC6100431 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors are involved in a large number of human diseases such as cancers for which they account for about 20% of all oncogenes identified so far. For long time, with the exception of ligand-inducible nuclear receptors, transcription factors were considered as “undruggable” targets. Advances knowledge of these transcription factors, in terms of structure, function (expression, degradation, interaction with co-factors and other proteins) and the dynamics of their mode of binding to DNA has changed this postulate and paved the way for new therapies targeted against transcription factors. Here, we discuss various ways to target transcription factors in cancer models: by modulating their expression or degradation, by blocking protein/protein interactions, by targeting the transcription factor itself to prevent its DNA binding either through a binding pocket or at the DNA-interacting site, some of these inhibitors being currently used or evaluated for cancer treatment. Such different targeting of transcription factors by small molecules is facilitated by modern chemistry developing a wide variety of original molecules designed to specifically abort transcription factor and by an increased knowledge of their pathological implication through the use of new technologies in order to make it possible to improve therapeutic control of transcription factor oncogenic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Lambert
- INSERM UMR-S1172-JPARC (Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center), Lille University and Hospital Center (CHU-Lille), Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Place de Verdun, F-59045 Lille, France.
| | - Samy Jambon
- INSERM UMR-S1172-JPARC (Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center), Lille University and Hospital Center (CHU-Lille), Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Place de Verdun, F-59045 Lille, France.
| | - Sabine Depauw
- INSERM UMR-S1172-JPARC (Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center), Lille University and Hospital Center (CHU-Lille), Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Place de Verdun, F-59045 Lille, France.
| | - Marie-Hélène David-Cordonnier
- INSERM UMR-S1172-JPARC (Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center), Lille University and Hospital Center (CHU-Lille), Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Place de Verdun, F-59045 Lille, France.
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