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Andreucci E, Pietrobono S, Peppicelli S, Ruzzolini J, Bianchini F, Biagioni A, Stecca B, Calorini L. SOX2 as a novel contributor of oxidative metabolism in melanoma cells. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:87. [PMID: 30466459 PMCID: PMC6249961 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0297-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deregulated metabolism is a hallmark of cancer and recent evidence underlines that targeting tumor energetics may improve therapy response and patient outcome. Despite the general attitude of cancer cells to exploit the glycolytic pathway even in the presence of oxygen (aerobic glycolysis or "Warburg effect"), tumor metabolism is extremely plastic, and such ability to switch from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) allows cancer cells to survive under hostile microenvironments. Recently, OxPhos has been related with malignant progression, chemo-resistance and metastasis. OxPhos is induced under extracellular acidosis, a well-known characteristic of most solid tumors, included melanoma. METHODS To evaluate whether SOX2 modulation is correlated with metabolic changes under standard or acidic conditions, SOX2 was silenced and overexpressed in several melanoma cell lines. To demonstrate that SOX2 directly represses HIF1A expression we used chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase assay. RESULTS In A375-M6 melanoma cells, extracellular acidosis increases SOX2 expression, that sustains the oxidative cancer metabolism exploited under acidic conditions. By studying non-acidic SSM2c and 501-Mel melanoma cells (high- and very low-SOX2 expressing cells, respectively), we confirmed the metabolic role of SOX2, attributing SOX2-driven OxPhos reprogramming to HIF1α pathway disruption. CONCLUSIONS SOX2 contributes to the acquisition of an aggressive oxidative tumor phenotype, endowed with enhanced drug resistance and metastatic ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Andreucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni, 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Pietrobono
- Core Research Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Peppicelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni, 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Jessica Ruzzolini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni, 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianchini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni, 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Biagioni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni, 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Barbara Stecca
- Core Research Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Lido Calorini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni, 50, 50134, Florence, Italy. .,Center of Excellence for Research, Transfer and High Education DenoTHE University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Lucido CT, Callejas-Valera JL, Colbert PL, Vermeer DW, Miskimins WK, Spanos WC, Vermeer PD. β 2-Adrenergic receptor modulates mitochondrial metabolism and disease progression in recurrent/metastatic HPV(+) HNSCC. Oncogenesis 2018; 7:81. [PMID: 30297705 PMCID: PMC6175933 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-018-0090-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of human papillomavirus-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HPV[ + ] HNSCC) is rapidly increasing. Although clinical management of primary HPV( + ) HNSCC is relatively successful, disease progression, including recurrence and metastasis, is often fatal. Moreover, patients with progressive disease face limited treatment options and significant treatment-associated morbidity. These clinical data highlight the need to identify targetable mechanisms that drive disease progression in HPV( + ) HNSCC to prevent and/or treat progressive disease. Interestingly, β-adrenergic signaling has recently been associated with pro-tumor processes in several disease types. Here we show that an aggressive murine model of recurrent/metastatic HPV( + ) HNSCC upregulates β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) expression, concordant with significantly heightened mitochondrial metabolism, as compared with the parental model from which it spontaneously derived. β-Adrenergic blockade effectively inhibits in vitro proliferation and migratory capacity in this model, effects associated with an attenuation of hyperactive mitochondrial respiration. Importantly, propranolol, a clinically available nonselective β-blocker, significantly slows primary tumor growth, inhibits metastatic development, and shows additive benefit alongside standard-of-care modalities in vivo. Further, via CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we show that the hyperactive mitochondrial metabolic profile and aggressive in vivo phenotype of this recurrent/metastatic model are dependent on β2AR expression. These data implicate β2AR as a modulator of mitochondrial metabolism and disease progression in HPV( + ) HNSCC, and warrant further investigation into the use of β-blockers as low cost, relatively tolerable, complementary treatment options in the clinical management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Lucido
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St North, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Juan L Callejas-Valera
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St North, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Paul L Colbert
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St North, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Daniel W Vermeer
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St North, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - W Keith Miskimins
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St North, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - William C Spanos
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St North, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Paola D Vermeer
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St North, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.
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103
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Seino M, Ohta T, Sugiyama A, Sakaki H, Sudo T, Tsutsumi S, Shigeta S, Tokunaga H, Toyoshima M, Yaegashi N, Nagase S. Metabolomic analysis of uterine serous carcinoma with acquired resistance to paclitaxel. Oncotarget 2018; 9:31985-31998. [PMID: 30174791 PMCID: PMC6112827 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Uterine serous carcinoma (USC) is more aggressive than other subtypes of endometrial carcinoma and is associated with a poor prognosis. We analyzed the metabolomic profile of USC with acquired resistance to paclitaxel. RESULTS Glutathione (GSH) concentration in PTX-1 cells was higher than in USPC-1 cells. In addition, GSH concentration in the USPC-1 cells increased after treatment with paclitaxel but was unchanged in PTX-1 cells. Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) and ribose-5-phosphate (R5P) concentrations in PTX-1 cells were higher than those in USPC-1 cells. G6P concentration in the USPC-1 cells was unchanged after treatment with paclitaxel, while it decreased in PTX-1 cells. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that increased GSH and glucose metabolism may be related to acquiring resistance to paclitaxel in USC and thus may be targets for anti-USC therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared metabolic profiles and reactions to paclitaxel in both a wild type USC cell line (USPC-1) and PTX-1, a cell line derived from USPC-1 which acquired paclitaxel resistance, using a capillary electrophoresis CE-MS/MS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Seino
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ohta
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Akiko Sugiyama
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Sakaki
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sudo
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Seiji Tsutsumi
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Shogo Shigeta
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Hideki Tokunaga
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Masafumi Toyoshima
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Satoru Nagase
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
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One-Carbon Metabolism: Biological Players in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072092. [PMID: 30029471 PMCID: PMC6073728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism is deeply involved in cell behavior and homeostasis maintenance, with metabolites acting as molecular intermediates to modulate cellular functions. In particular, one-carbon metabolism is a key biochemical pathway necessary to provide carbon units required for critical processes, including nucleotide biosynthesis, epigenetic methylation, and cell redox-status regulation. It is, therefore, not surprising that alterations in this pathway may acquire fundamental importance in cancer onset and progression. Two of the major actors in one-carbon metabolism, folate and choline, play a key role in the pathobiology of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), the deadliest gynecological malignancy. EOC is characterized by a cholinic phenotype sustained via increased activity of choline kinase alpha, and via membrane overexpression of the alpha isoform of the folate receptor (FRα), both of which are known to contribute to generating regulatory signals that support EOC cell aggressiveness and proliferation. Here, we describe in detail the main biological processes associated with one-carbon metabolism, and the current knowledge about its role in EOC. Moreover, since the cholinic phenotype and FRα overexpression are unique properties of tumor cells, but not of normal cells, they can be considered attractive targets for the development of therapeutic approaches.
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105
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PGC1α: Friend or Foe in Cancer? Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9010048. [PMID: 29361779 PMCID: PMC5793199 DOI: 10.3390/genes9010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The PGC1 family (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) coactivators) of transcriptional coactivators are considered master regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. The PGC1α isoform is expressed especially in metabolically active tissues, such as the liver, kidneys and brain, and responds to energy-demanding situations. Given the altered and highly adaptable metabolism of tumor cells, it is of interest to investigate PGC1α in cancer. Both high and low levels of PGC1α expression have been reported to be associated with cancer and worse prognosis, and PGC1α has been attributed with oncogenic as well as tumor suppressive features. Early in carcinogenesis PGC1α may be downregulated due to a protective anticancer role, and low levels likely reflect a glycolytic phenotype. We suggest mechanisms of PGC1α downregulation and how these might be connected to the increased cancer risk that obesity is now known to entail. Later in tumor progression PGC1α is often upregulated and is reported to contribute to increased lipid and fatty acid metabolism and/or a tumor cell phenotype with an overall metabolic plasticity that likely supports drug resistance as well as metastasis. We conclude that in cancer PGC1α is neither friend nor foe, but rather the obedient servant reacting to metabolic and environmental cues to benefit the tumor cell.
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107
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Desbats MA, Giacomini I, Prayer-Galetti T, Montopoli M. Iron granules in plasma cells. J Clin Pathol 1982; 10:281. [PMID: 32211323 PMCID: PMC7068907 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy is the first cause of cancer-associated death. Thus, new strategies to deal with the evasion of drug response and to improve clinical outcomes are needed. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms associated with uncontrolled cell growth result in metabolism reprogramming. Cancer cells enhance anabolic pathways and acquire the ability to use different carbon sources besides glucose. An oxygen and nutrient-poor tumor microenvironment determines metabolic interactions among normal cells, cancer cells and the immune system giving rise to metabolically heterogeneous tumors which will partially respond to metabolic therapy. Here we go into the best-known cancer metabolic profiles and discuss several studies that reported tumors sensitization to chemotherapy by modulating metabolic pathways. Uncovering metabolic dependencies across different chemotherapy treatments could help to rationalize the use of metabolic modulators to overcome therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Andrea Desbats
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Isabella Giacomini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Monica Montopoli
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Monica Montopoli
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108
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Cheng CF, Ku HC, Lin H. Functional alpha 1 protease inhibitor produced by a human hepatoma cell line. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982; 19:ijms19113447. [PMID: 30400212 PMCID: PMC6274980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alpha 1 protease inhibitor antigen was identified in the culture medium of the human ascites hepatoma cell line SK-HEP-1. Trypsin inhibitory activity and alpha 1 Pl antigen accumulated in serum-free medium concomitantly over a period of several days. Radioactive alpha 1 Pl antigen was detected in conditioned medium from cultures supplemented with 35S-L-methionine, indicating a synthesis and release of the protein. Alpha 1 Pl antigen in conditioned medium appeared to be antigenically identical to that in human plasma, and the newly synthesized (radiolabeled) antigen co-migrated with plasma, alpha 1 Pl after immunoelectrophoresis or SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Moreover, evidence is presented that the synthesized inhibitor exhibits functional activity, since the 35S-labeled alpha 1 Pl in conditioned medium complexes with trypsin. We conclude that SK-HEP-1 cells in culture produce functionally active alpha 1 Pl which may be identical to that in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Feng Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Chen Ku
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan.
| | - Heng Lin
- Institute of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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109
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Nayak AP, Kapur A, Barroilhet L, Patankar MS. The fiber arrangement of the pathological human tympanic membrane. Cancers (Basel) 1981; 10:cancers10090337. [PMID: 30231564 PMCID: PMC6162441 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis is an important metabolic adaptation of cancer cells. There is growing evidence that oxidative phosphorylation is also an active metabolic pathway in many tumors, including in high grade serous ovarian cancer. Metastasized ovarian tumors use fatty acids for their energy needs. There is also evidence of ovarian cancer stem cells privileging oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for their metabolic needs. Metformin and thiazolidinediones such as rosiglitazone restrict tumor growth by inhibiting specific steps in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. These observations suggest that strategies to interfere with oxidative phosphorylation should be considered for the treatment of ovarian tumors. Here, we review the literature that supports this hypothesis and describe potential agents and critical control points in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway that can be targeted using small molecule agents. In this review, we also discuss potential barriers that can reduce the efficacy of the inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amruta P Nayak
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 54911, USA.
| | - Arvinder Kapur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 54911, USA.
| | - Lisa Barroilhet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 54911, USA.
| | - Manish S Patankar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 54911, USA.
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