101
|
Bescos R, Brookes ZL, Belfield LA, Fernandez-Sanjurjo M, Casas-Agustench P. Modulation of oral microbiota: A new frontier in exercise supplementation. PHARMANUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
102
|
Huang Y, Liu Y, Shah S, Kim D, Simon-Soro A, Ito T, Hajfathalian M, Li Y, Hsu JC, Nieves LM, Alawi F, Naha PC, Cormode DP, Koo H. Precision targeting of bacterial pathogen via bi-functional nanozyme activated by biofilm microenvironment. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120581. [PMID: 33302119 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human dental caries is an intractable biofilm-associated disease caused by microbial interactions and dietary sugars on the host's teeth. Commensal bacteria help control opportunistic pathogens via bioactive products such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However, high-sugar consumption disrupts homeostasis and promotes pathogen accumulation in acidic biofilms that cause tooth-decay. Here, we exploit the pathological (sugar-rich/acidic) conditions using a nanohybrid system to increase intrinsic H2O2 production and trigger pH-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation for efficient biofilm virulence targeting. The nanohybrid contains glucose-oxidase that catalyzes glucose present in biofilms to increase intrinsic H2O2, which is converted by iron oxide nanoparticles with peroxidase-like activity into ROS in acidic pH. Notably, it selectively kills Streptococcus mutans (pathogen) without affecting Streptococcus oralis (commensal) via preferential pathogen-binding and in situ ROS generation. Furthermore, nanohybrid treatments potently reduced dental caries in a rodent model. Compared to chlorhexidine (positive-control), which disrupted oral microbiota diversity, the nanohybrid had significant higher efficacy without affecting soft-tissues and the oral-gastrointestinal microbiomes, while modulating dental health-associated microbial activity in vivo. The data reveal therapeutic precision of a bi-functional hybrid nanozyme against a biofilm-related disease in a controlled-manner activated by pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Huang
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States; Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Yuan Liu
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States; Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Shrey Shah
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Dongyeop Kim
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States; Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States; Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National Universitys, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Aurea Simon-Soro
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States; Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Tatsuro Ito
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States; Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Nihon University, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan
| | - Maryam Hajfathalian
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yong Li
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Jessica C Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Lenitza M Nieves
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Faizan Alawi
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, United States
| | - Pratap C Naha
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - David P Cormode
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States; Department of Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States; Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States.
| | - Hyun Koo
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States; Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States; Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Yamasaki R, Kawano A, Yoshioka Y, Ariyoshi W. Rhamnolipids and surfactin inhibit the growth or formation of oral bacterial biofilm. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:358. [PMID: 33228524 PMCID: PMC7684882 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-02034-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacteria survive in various environments by forming biofilms. Bacterial biofilms often cause significant problems to medical instruments and industrial processes. Techniques to inhibit biofilm formation are essential and have wide applications. In this study, we evaluated the ability of two types of biosurfactants (rhamnolipids and surfactin) to inhibit growth and biofilm formation ability of oral pathogenic bacteria such as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Streptococcus mutans, and Streptococcus sanguinis. Results Rhamnolipids inhibited the growth and biofilm formation ability of all examined oral bacteria. Surfactin showed effective inhibition against S. sanguinis ATCC10556, but lower effects toward A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4 and S. mutans UA159. To corroborate these results, biofilms were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal microscopy. The observations were largely in concordance with the biofilm assay results. We also attempted to determine the step in the biofilm formation process that was inhibited by biosurfactants. The results clearly demonstrated that rhamnolipids inhibit biofilm formation after the initiation process, however, they do not affect attachment or maturation. Conclusions Rhamnolipids inhibit oral bacterial growth and biofilm formation by A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4, and may serve as novel oral drug against localized invasive periodontitis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-020-02034-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Yamasaki
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan.
| | - Aki Kawano
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Yoshie Yoshioka
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Wataru Ariyoshi
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Fernández-Elías V, Courel-Ibáñez J, Pérez-López A, Jodra P, Moreno-Pérez V, Coso JD, López-Samanes Á. Acute Beetroot Juice Supplementation Does Not Improve Match-Play Activity in Professional Tennis Players. J Am Coll Nutr 2020; 41:30-37. [PMID: 33180007 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1835585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Beetroot juice is a source of dietary nitrate (NO3-) recognized as a potential ergogenic aid to enhance tolerance during endurance exercise of submaximal-to-maximal intensity. However, little is known about the effects of beetroot juice on exercise performance in intermittent sports such as tennis. The present study aimed to determine the effect of acute beetroot juice supplementation on movement patterns during a competitive tennis match in professional players. METHODS In a double-blind and randomized experiment, nine professional tennis players performed two experimental trials 3 h after ingesting either 70 mL of a commercially-available concentrated beetroot juice (6.4 mmol NO3-) or placebo (0.005 mmol NO3-). In each experimental trial, players completed a 3-set tennis match and two performance tests (i.e., serve speed and isometric handgrip strength) before and after the match. Match-play running performance was recorded using wearable GPS and accelerometer units. RESULTS In comparison to the placebo trial, the acute beetroot juice supplementation did not modify any match-play running performance (p = 0.178 to 0.997, d = 0.01 to 0.42). Furthermore, beetroot juice supplementation did not alter the pre-to-post match change in serve speed (p = 0.663, ηp2 = 0.03) or isometric handgrip strength (p = 0.219, ηp2 = 0.18). CONCLUSIONS The current results indicated that acute ingestion of a commercialized shot of nitrate-rich beetroot juice (70 mL containing 6.4 mmol of NO3-) did not produce any performance benefit on tennis matchplay. Thus, acute beetroot juice supplementation seems an ergogenic aid with little value to enhance physical performance in professional tennis players.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alberto Pérez-López
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Area of Sport and Physical Education, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Jodra
- Department of Education Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Moreno-Pérez
- Department of Pathology and Surgery, Center for Translational Research in Physiotherapy, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan, Spain
| | - Juan Del Coso
- Centre for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, Fuenlabrada, Spain
| | - Álvaro López-Samanes
- School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Current uses of chlorhexidine for management of oral disease: a narrative review. J Dent 2020; 103:103497. [PMID: 33075450 PMCID: PMC7567658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Chlorhexidine (CHX) is a commonly used antiseptic mouthwash, used by dental practitioners and the public, due to its antimicrobial effects. The aim of this article was to provide a narrative review of current antimicrobial uses of CHX relevant to dentistry in the context of oral diseases, highlighting need for further studies to support its safe and appropriate use. Study selection, data and sources Randomised controlled trials, systematic reviews and national (UK and US) guidelines were consulted where available, with search terms for each subject category entered into MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar and the Cochrane database. Results Some evidence existed to support adjunctive short-term use of CHX to manage dental plaque, and reduce clinical symptoms of gingivitis, dry socket, as well as reduce aerosolisation of bacteria. However, use must be weighed alongside the less desirable effects of CHX, including extrinsic staining of teeth, antimicrobial resistance to antiseptic agents and the rare, but fatal, allergic reactions to CHX. Conversely, evidence for the effectiveness of chlorhexidine to manage or prevent periodontitis, dental caries, necrotising periodontal diseases, peri-implantitis, and infections associated with extraction and aerosolised viruses remains less certain. Conclusions The use of CHX in dentistry and oral healthcare continues to be widespread and thus it is important that dental practitioners understand that, based on its differential mechanisms of action on different microbes, appropriate clinical and dental use of CHX should be oral disease specific. However, further scientific and clinical research is required before full recommendations can be made.
Collapse
|
106
|
Antiseptic mouthwash, the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway, and hospital mortality: a hypothesis generating review. Intensive Care Med 2020; 47:28-38. [PMID: 33067640 PMCID: PMC7567004 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-020-06276-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Meta-analyses and several large cohort studies have demonstrated that antiseptic mouthwashes are associated with mortality in hospitalized patients. A clear pathogenic mechanism is lacking, leading to controversy and a reluctance to abandon or limit the use of antiseptic mouthwashes. Here, we generate the hypothesis that a disturbance in nitric oxide homeostasis by antiseptic mouthwashes may be responsible for the observed increase in mortality risk. Nitric oxide is essential in multiple physiological processes, and a reduction in nitric oxide bioavailability is associated with the occurrence or worsening of pathologies, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and sepsis. Oral facultative anaerobic bacteria are essential for the enterosalivary nitrate–nitrite–nitric oxide pathway due to their capacity to reduce nitrate to nitrite. Nitrate originates from dietary sources or from the active uptake by salivary glands of circulating nitrate, which is then excreted in the saliva. Because antiseptic mouthwashes eradicate the oral bacterial flora, this nitric oxide-generating pathway is abolished, which may result in nitric oxide-deficient conditions potentially leading to life-threatening complications such as ischaemic heart events or sepsis.
Collapse
|
107
|
Etemadi A, Eftekhari Bayati S, Pourhajibagher M, Chiniforush N. In vitro effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with phycocyanin on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans biofilm on SLA titanium discs. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102062. [PMID: 33068819 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with phycocyanin on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans biofilm formed on sandblasted, large-grit, and acid-etched (SLA) titanium discs. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this in vitro experimental study, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), sublethal dose of diode laser irradiation time, and sublethal dose of aPDT were first determined. Next, 30 SLA titanium discs with 8 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness were incubated with A. actinomycetemcomitans in order for the bacterial biofilm to form, and were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 6): (I) negative control with no treatment, (II) positive control, immersed in 0.2 % chlorhexidine (CHX) for 5 min, (III) phycocyanin alone with ×2 MIC concentration for 5 min, (IV) diode laser alone (635 nm wavelength, 220 mW power), and (V) PDT with diode laser and phycocyanin. The samples were then sonicated, and the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) on each disc was calculated. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, t-test, and a post-hoc test. RESULTS aPDT with 125 μg/mL phycocyanin and 4 min irradiation of 635 nm diode laser decreasedA. actinomycetemcomitans biofilm by 40.07 %. The lowest mean colony count (CFUs/mL) was noted in 0.2 % CHX group (0.0 × 105 CFU/mL) while the highest mean was observed in the negative control group (4.55 ± 0.08 × 105 CFUs/mL). Using phycocyanin alone significantly decreased the A. actinomycetemcomitans count by 27.54 % (3.29 ± 0.06 × 105 CFUs/mL) compared with the negative control group (P < 0.0001). Significant differences were noted between the negative control and other groups (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION aPDT with phycocyanin and diode laser can decrease the A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilm on SLA titanium implant surfaces and can be used as a safe and non-invasive decontamination method for reduction of A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilm on implant surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ardavan Etemadi
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Eftekhari Bayati
- Dental Student, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Chiniforush
- Dental Implant Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Rowland SN, Chessor R, French G, Robinson GP, O'Donnell E, James LJ, Bailey SJ. Oral nitrate reduction is not impaired after training in chlorinated swimming pool water in elite swimmers. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 46:86-89. [PMID: 32835490 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that exposure to chlorine-sterilised pool water would impair oral nitrate reduction (ONR). ONR was assessed in elite swimmers before and after morning and afternoon pool-based training. Nonswimmers were only assessed in the morning. ONR was similar in swimmers and nonswimmers (P = 1.000) and unchanged before and after morning and afternoon training (P ≥ 0.341). Therefore, exposure to chlorinated pool water does not interfere with ONR. Novelty Exposure to chlorine-sterilised pool water does not impair oral nitrate reduction in elite swimmers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha N Rowland
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Richard Chessor
- British Swimming, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - George French
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - George P Robinson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Emma O'Donnell
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Lewis J James
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Stephen J Bailey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Minireview Exploring the Biological Cycle of Vitamin B3 and Its Influence on Oxidative Stress: Further Molecular and Clinical Aspects. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153323. [PMID: 32707945 PMCID: PMC7436124 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B3, or niacin, is one of the most important compounds of the B-vitamin complex. Recent reports have demonstrated the involvement of vitamin B3 in a number of pivotal functions which ensure that homeostasis is maintained. In addition, the intriguing nature of its synthesis and the underlying mechanism of action of vitamin B3 have encouraged further studies aimed at deepening our understanding of the close link between the exogenous supply of B3 and how it activates dependent enzymes. This crucial role can be attributed to the gut microflora and its ability to shape human behavior and development by mediating the bioavailability of metabolites. Recent studies have indicated a possible interconnection between the novel coronavirus and commensal bacteria. As such, we have attempted to explain how the gastrointestinal deficiencies displayed by SARS-CoV-2-infected patients arise. It seems that the stimulation of a proinflammatory cascade and the production of large amounts of reactive oxygen species culminates in the subsequent loss of host eubiosis. Studies of the relationhip between ROS, SARS-CoV-2, and gut flora are sparse in the current literature. As an integrated component, oxidative stress (OS) has been found to negatively influence host eubiosis, in vitro fertilization outcomes, and oocyte quality, but to act as a sentinel against infections. In conclusion, research suggests that in the future, a healthy diet may be considered a reliable tool for maintaining and optimizing our key internal parameters.
Collapse
|
110
|
Sanz M, Herrera D, Kebschull M, Chapple I, Jepsen S, Berglundh T, Sculean A, Tonetti MS. Treatment of stage I-III periodontitis-The EFP S3 level clinical practice guideline. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47 Suppl 22:4-60. [PMID: 32383274 PMCID: PMC7891343 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 601] [Impact Index Per Article: 150.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recently introduced 2017 World Workshop on the classification of periodontitis, incorporating stages and grades of disease, aims to link disease classification with approaches to prevention and treatment, as it describes not only disease severity and extent but also the degree of complexity and an individual's risk. There is, therefore, a need for evidence-based clinical guidelines providing recommendations to treat periodontitis. AIM The objective of the current project was to develop a S3 Level Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) for the treatment of Stage I-III periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS This S3 CPG was developed under the auspices of the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP), following the methodological guidance of the Association of Scientific Medical Societies in Germany and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). The rigorous and transparent process included synthesis of relevant research in 15 specifically commissioned systematic reviews, evaluation of the quality and strength of evidence, the formulation of specific recommendations and consensus, on those recommendations, by leading experts and a broad base of stakeholders. RESULTS The S3 CPG approaches the treatment of periodontitis (stages I, II and III) using a pre-established stepwise approach to therapy that, depending on the disease stage, should be incremental, each including different interventions. Consensus was achieved on recommendations covering different interventions, aimed at (a) behavioural changes, supragingival biofilm, gingival inflammation and risk factor control; (b) supra- and sub-gingival instrumentation, with and without adjunctive therapies; (c) different types of periodontal surgical interventions; and (d) the necessary supportive periodontal care to extend benefits over time. CONCLUSION This S3 guideline informs clinical practice, health systems, policymakers and, indirectly, the public on the available and most effective modalities to treat periodontitis and to maintain a healthy dentition for a lifetime, according to the available evidence at the time of publication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Sanz
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri‐implant Diseases) Research GroupUniversity Complutense of MadridMadridSpain
| | - David Herrera
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri‐implant Diseases) Research GroupUniversity Complutense of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Moritz Kebschull
- Periodontal Research GroupInstitute of Clinical SciencesCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesThe University of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS TrustBirminghamUK
- Division of PeriodonticsSection of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation SciencesCollege of Dental MedicineColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Iain Chapple
- Periodontal Research GroupInstitute of Clinical SciencesCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesThe University of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS TrustBirminghamUK
| | - Søren Jepsen
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive DentistryUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | - Tord Berglundh
- Department of PeriodontologyInstitute of OdontologyThe Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGöteborgSweden
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of PeriodontologySchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Maurizio S. Tonetti
- Division of Periodontology and Implant DentistryFaculty of DentistryThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
- Department of Oral and Maxillo‐facial ImplantologyShanghai Key Laboratory of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Centre for StomatologyShanghai Ninth People HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Liddle L, Burleigh MC, Monaghan C, Muggeridge DJ, Easton C. Venous occlusion during blood collection decreases plasma nitrite but not nitrate concentration in humans. Nitric Oxide 2020; 102:21-27. [PMID: 32535185 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To maintain vascular tone and blood flow when tissue oxygenation is reduced, nitrite anions are reduced to nitric oxide (NO). From a practical perspective, it is unclear how the application of a tourniquet during blood collection might influence measurement of NO metabolites. Accordingly, this study evaluated the effect of venous occlusion on plasma nitrite and nitrate during venous blood collection. METHODS Fifteen healthy participants completed two trials that were preceded by the ingestion of nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BRJ; total of ~8.4 mmol nitrate) or no supplementation (control). In both trials, blood was collected using a venepuncture needle while a tourniquet was applied to the upper arm and using an indwelling intravenous cannula, from the opposing arm. The venepuncture samples were collected at 35 s post occlusion. Changes in the oxygenation of forearm flexor muscles were assessed using near-infrared spectroscopy. Plasma nitrite and nitrate were analysed using gas-phase chemiluminescence. RESULTS In the control trial, plasma nitrite was significantly elevated when collected via the cannula (179 ± 67 nM) compared to venepuncture (112 ± 51 nM, P = 0.03). The ingestion of BRJ increased plasma nitrite and values remained higher when sampled from the cannula (473 ± 164 nM) compared to venepuncture (387 ± 136 nM, P < 0.001). Plasma nitrate did not differ between collection methods in either trial (all P > 0.05). The delta changes in total-, deoxy-, and oxy-haemoglobin were all significantly greater during venepuncture sample compared to the cannula sample at the point of blood collection (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Venous occlusion during venepuncture blood collection lowers plasma nitrite concentration, potentially due to localised changes in haemoglobin concentration and/or a suppression of endogenous NO synthesis. Accordingly, the method of blood collection to enable measurements of NO metabolites should be carefully considered and consistently reported by researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke Liddle
- Institute for Clinical Exercise and Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton, UK
| | - Mia C Burleigh
- Institute for Clinical Exercise and Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton, UK
| | - Chris Monaghan
- Institute for Clinical Exercise and Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton, UK
| | - David J Muggeridge
- Institute of Health Research & Innovation, Division of Biomedical Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK
| | - Chris Easton
- Institute for Clinical Exercise and Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Ortega KL, Rodrigues de Camargo A, Bertoldi Franco J, Mano Azul A, Pérez Sayáns M, Braz Silva PH. SARS-CoV-2 and dentistry. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:2541-2542. [PMID: 32500404 PMCID: PMC7272235 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03381-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karem L. Ortega
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000 Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Bertoldi Franco
- Division of Dentistry of the Clinics Hospital, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05402-000 Brazil
| | | | - Mario Pérez Sayáns
- Oral Medicine Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, MedOralRes, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Entrerríos s/n, 15782 Galicia, Spain
| | - Paulo Henrique Braz Silva
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000 Brazil
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Bescos R, Casas-Agustench P, Belfield L, Brookes Z, Gabaldón T. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emerging and Future Challenges for Dental and Oral Medicine. J Dent Res 2020; 99:1113. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034520932149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Bescos
- Institute of Health and Community, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | | | - L. Belfield
- Peninsula Dental School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Z. Brookes
- Peninsula Dental School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - T. Gabaldón
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Supercomputing Centre, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|