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Kuo CW, Chien FC, Shiu JY, Tsai SM, Chueh DY, Hsiao YS, Yang ZH, Chen P. Investigation of the growth of focal adhesions using protein nanoarrays fabricated by nanocontact printing using size tunable polymeric nanopillars. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:265302. [PMID: 21576808 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/26/265302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe a simple approach to create various sizes of protein nanoarrays for the investigation of cell adhesion. Using a combination of nanosphere lithography, oxygen plasma treatment, deep etching and nanomolding processes, well-ordered polymeric nanopillar arrays have been fabricated with diameters in the range of 50-600 nm. These nanopillar arrays were used as stamps for nanocontact printing to create fibronectin nanoarrays, which were used to study the size dependent formation of focal adhesion. It was found that cells can adhere and spread on fibronectin nanoarrays with a fibronectin pattern as small as 50 nm. It was also found that the average size of focal adhesion decreased as the size of the fibronectin pattern was reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung Wen Kuo
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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102
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Malmström J, Lovmand J, Kristensen S, Sundh M, Duch M, Sutherland DS. Focal complex maturation and bridging on 200 nm vitronectin but not fibronectin patches reveal different mechanisms of focal adhesion formation. NANO LETTERS 2011; 11:2264-2271. [PMID: 21598955 DOI: 10.1021/nl200447q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The effects of protein type and pattern size on cell adhesion, spreading, and focal adhesion development are studied. Fibronectin and vitronectin patterns from 0.1 to 3 μm produced by colloidal lithography reveal important differences in how cells adhere to and bridge focal adhesions across protein nanopatterns versus micropatterns. Vinculin and zyxin in focal adhesions but not integrins are seen to bridge ligand gaps. Differences in protein mechanical properties are implicated as important factors in focal adhesion development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Malmström
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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103
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Deeg JA, Louban I, Aydin D, Selhuber-Unkel C, Kessler H, Spatz JP. Impact of local versus global ligand density on cellular adhesion. NANO LETTERS 2011; 11:1469-76. [PMID: 21425841 PMCID: PMC3806292 DOI: 10.1021/nl104079r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
α(v)β(3) integrin-mediated cell adhesion is crucially influenced by how far ligands are spaced apart. To evaluate the impact of local ligand density versus global ligand density of a given surface, we used synthetic micronanostructured cell environments with user-defined ligand spacing and patterns to investigate cellular adhesion. The development of stable focal adhesions, their number, and size as well as the cellular adhesion strength proved to be influenced by local more than global ligand density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janosch A. Deeg
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Metals Research, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany & Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ilia Louban
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Metals Research, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany & Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Aydin
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Metals Research, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany & Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Horst Kessler
- Institute for Organic Chemistry und Biochemistry, Lehrstuhl II, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Joachim P. Spatz
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Metals Research, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany & Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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104
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Schvartzman M, Palma M, Sable J, Abramson J, Hu X, Sheetz MP, Wind SJ. Nanolithographic control of the spatial organization of cellular adhesion receptors at the single-molecule level. NANO LETTERS 2011; 11:1306-12. [PMID: 21319842 PMCID: PMC3061283 DOI: 10.1021/nl104378f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control the placement of individual molecules promises to enable a wide range of applications and is a key challenge in nanoscience and nanotechnology. Many biological interactions, in particular, are sensitive to the precise geometric arrangement of proteins. We have developed a technique which combines molecular-scale nanolithography with site-selective biochemistry to create biomimetic arrays of individual protein binding sites. The binding sites can be arranged in heterogeneous patterns of virtually any possible geometry with a nearly unlimited number of degrees of freedom. We have used these arrays to explore how the geometric organization of the extracellular matrix (ECM) binding ligand RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) affects cell adhesion and spreading. Systematic variation of spacing, density, and cluster size of individual integrin binding sites was used to elicit different cell behavior. Cell spreading assays on arrays of different geometric arrangements revealed a dramatic increase in spreading efficiency when at least four liganded sites were spaced within 60 nm or less, with no dependence on global density. This points to the existence of a minimal matrix adhesion unit for fibronectin defined in space and stoichiometry. Developing an understanding of the ECM geometries that activate specific cellular functional complexes is a critical step toward controlling cell behavior. Potential practical applications range from new therapeutic treatments to the rational design of tissue scaffolds that can optimize healing without scarring. More broadly, spatial control at the single-molecule level can elucidate factors controlling individual molecular interactions and can enable synthesis of new systems based on molecular-scale architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Schvartzman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120 St., New York, NY 10027
- Nanomedicine Center for Mechanobiology – Directing the Immune Response, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Matteo Palma
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, 500 West 120 St., New York, NY 10027
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120 St., New York, NY 10027
- Nanomedicine Center for Mechanobiology – Directing the Immune Response, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Julia Sable
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, 1212 Amsterdam Ave., New York, NY 10027
- Nanomedicine Center for Mechanobiology – Directing the Immune Response, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Justin Abramson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120 St., New York, NY 10027
- Nanomedicine Center for Mechanobiology – Directing the Immune Response, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Xian Hu
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore
| | - Michael P. Sheetz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, 1212 Amsterdam Ave., New York, NY 10027
- Nanomedicine Center for Mechanobiology – Directing the Immune Response, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Shalom J. Wind
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, 500 West 120 St., New York, NY 10027
- Nanomedicine Center for Mechanobiology – Directing the Immune Response, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
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105
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Microstructured thin Peptide-Polymer Films that Spatially Control the Surface-Attachment of Living Cells. Int J Artif Organs 2011; 34:210-4. [DOI: 10.5301/ijao.2011.6414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The integration of living cells into artificial microdevices requires close control of the interfacial interactions. Functional polymer coatings, such as peptide-polymer monolayers, can be used to guide the specific adhesion of living cells on surfaces in a spatially controlled fashion. Methods Silicon surfaces were modified with a protein repellent polymer film composed of poly(dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAA) attached to the peptide cell-recognition motif GRGDSP and a subsequent PDMAA backfill. Microstructuring was achieved through a photolithographical process using surface-bound photoreactive benzophenone. Cell adhesion assays with human fibroblasts were conducted to study the capabilities of this approach to induce a directed outgrowth of living cells and to confine cell colony sizes to single cell arrays. Results Human fibroblasts follow the chemically imprinted microstructures on peptide-polymer coated substrates. Lines of GRGDSP-PDMAA with a width of 10 μm induce a highly elongated cell shape whereas round spots with a diameter of 50 μm support only single cells per spot. Starting at a center-to-center distance of 100 μm between single peptide-polymer spots, cells are able to “bridge” non-adhesive PDMAA areas. Conclusions Peptide-polymer monolayers can direct the outgrowth and restrict the cell colony size through a variation of the imprinted chemical microstructures.
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106
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Nanopatterning by block copolymer micelle nanolithography and bioinspired applications. Biointerphases 2011; 6:MR1-12. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3536839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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107
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Smith KH, Tejeda-Montes E, Poch M, Mata A. Integrating top-down and self-assembly in the fabrication of peptide and protein-based biomedical materials. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:4563-77. [PMID: 21629920 DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15064b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine H Smith
- The Nanotechnology Platform, Parc Científic Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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108
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Csaderova L, Martines E, Seunarine K, Gadegaard N, Wilkinson CDW, Riehle MO. A biodegradable and biocompatible regular nanopattern for large-scale selective cell growth. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2010; 6:2755-2761. [PMID: 21069889 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201000193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A biodegradable substrate with a regular array of nanopillars fabricated by electron-beam lithography and hot embossing is used to address the mechanisms of nanotopographical control of cell behavior. Two different cell lines cultured on the nanopillars show striking differences in cell coverage. These changes are topography- and cell-dependent, and are not mediated by air bubbles trapped on the nanopattern. For the first time, a strong cell-selective effect of the same nanotopography has been clearly demonstrated on a large area; while fibroblast proliferation is inhibited, endothelial cell spreading is visibly enhanced. The reduced fibroblast proliferation indicates that a reduction of available surface area induced by nanotopography might be the main factor affecting cell growth on nanopatterns. The results presented herein pave the way towards the development of permanent vascular replacements, where non-adhesive, inert, surfaces will induce rapid in situ endothelialization to reduce thrombosis and occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Csaderova
- Centre for Cell Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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109
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110
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Kim DH, Lee H, Lee YK, Nam JM, Levchenko A. Biomimetic nanopatterns as enabling tools for analysis and control of live cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:4551-4566. [PMID: 20803528 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201000468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly evident that cell biology research can be considerably advanced through the use of bioengineered tools enabled by nanoscale technologies. Recent advances in nanopatterning techniques pave the way for engineering biomaterial surfaces that control cellular interactions from the nano- to the microscale, allowing more precise quantitative experimentation capturing multi-scale aspects of complex tissue physiology in vitro. The spatially and temporally controlled display of extracellular signaling cues on nanopatterned surfaces (e. g., cues in the form of chemical ligands, controlled stiffness, texture, etc.) that can now be achieved on biologically relevant length scales is particularly attractive enabling experimental platform for investigating fundamental mechanisms of adhesion-mediated cell signaling. Here, we present an overview of bio-nanopatterning methods, with the particular focus on the recent advances on the use of nanofabrication techniques as enabling tools for studying the effects of cell adhesion and signaling on cell function. We also highlight the impact of nanoscale engineering in controlling cell-material interfaces, which can have profound implications for future development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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111
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Anselme K, Davidson P, Popa A, Giazzon M, Liley M, Ploux L. The interaction of cells and bacteria with surfaces structured at the nanometre scale. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:3824-46. [PMID: 20371386 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Revised: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The current development of nanobiotechnologies requires a better understanding of cell-surface interactions on the nanometre scale. Recently, advances in nanoscale patterning and detection have allowed the fabrication of appropriate substrates and the study of cell-substrate interactions. In this review we discuss the methods currently available for nanoscale patterning and their merits, as well as techniques for controlling the surface chemistry of materials at the nanoscale without changing the nanotopography and the possibility of truly characterizing the surface chemistry at the nanoscale. We then discuss the current knowledge of how a cell can interact with a substrate at the nanoscale and the effect of size, morphology, organization and separation of nanofeatures on cell response. Moreover, cell-substrate interactions are mediated by the presence of proteins adsorbed from biological fluids on the substrate. Many questions remain on the effect of nanotopography on protein adsorption. We review papers related to this point. As all these parameters have an influence on cell response, it is important to develop specific studies to point out their relative influence, as well as the biological mechanisms underlying cell responses to nanotopography. This will be the basis for future research in this field. An important topic in tissue engineering is the effect of nanoscale topography on bacteria, since cells have to compete with bacteria in many environments. The limited current knowledge of this topic is also discussed in the light of using topography to encourage cell adhesion while limiting bacterial adhesion. We also discuss current and prospective applications of cell-surface interactions on the nanoscale. Finally, based on questions raised previously that remain to be solved in the field, we propose future directions of research in materials science to help elucidate the relative influence of the physical and chemical aspects of nanotopography on bacteria and cell response with the aim of contributing to the development of nanobiotechnologies.
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112
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Hold on at the Right Spot: Bioactive Surfaces for the Design of Live-Cell Micropatterns. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2010_77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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113
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Design and synthesis of a potent peptide containing both specific and non-specific cell-adhesion motifs. Biomaterials 2010; 31:4809-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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114
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Chung K, DeQUACH JA, Christman KL. NANOPATTERNED INTERFACES FOR CONTROLLING CELL BEHAVIOR. NANO LIFE 2010; 1:63-77. [PMID: 25383101 PMCID: PMC4221096 DOI: 10.1142/s1793984410000055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated that microscale changes to surface chemistry and topography affect cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and gene expression. More recently, studies have begun to examine cell behavior interactions with structures on the nanoscale since in vivo, cells recognize and adhere to cell adhesion receptors that are spatially organized on this scale. These studies have been enabled through various fabrication methods, many of which were initially developed for the semiconductor industry. This review explores cell responses to a variety of controlled topographical and biochemical cues using an assortment of nanoscale fabrication methods in order to elucidate which pattern dimensions are beneficial for controlling cell adhesion and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0412, USA
| | - Jessica A DeQUACH
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0412, USA
| | - Karen L Christman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0412, USA
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115
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Malmström J, Christensen B, Jakobsen HP, Lovmand J, Foldbjerg R, Sørensen ES, Sutherland DS. Large area protein patterning reveals nanoscale control of focal adhesion development. NANO LETTERS 2010; 10:686-694. [PMID: 20044840 DOI: 10.1021/nl903875r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Focal adhesion development in cells adherent to surface bound fibronectin presented as 200, 500, or 1000 nm diameter circular patches or as homogeneous controls is studied by fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. Fundamental cellular processes such as adhesion, spreading, focal adhesion and stress fiber formation are shown to be dependent on the spatial distribution of ligands at this scale. Large area samples enable the study of whole cell populations and opens for new potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Malmström
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Denmark
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116
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Huang J, Gräter SV, Corbellini F, Rinck-Jahnke S, Bock E, Kemkemer R, Kessler H, Ding J, Spatz JP. Impact of order and disorder in RGD nanopatterns on cell adhesion. NANO LETTERS 2009; 9:1111-6. [PMID: 19206508 PMCID: PMC2669488 DOI: 10.1021/nl803548b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We herein present a novel platform of well-controlled ordered and disordered nanopatterns positioned with a cyclic peptide of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) on a bioinert poly(ethylene glycol) background, to study whether the nanoscopic order of spatial patterning of the integrin-specific ligands influences osteoblast adhesion. This is the first time that the nanoscale order of RGD ligand patterns was varied quantitatively, and tested for its impact on the adhesion of tissue cells. Our findings reveal that integrin clustering and such adhesion induced by RGD ligands is dependent on the local order of ligand arrangement on a substrate when the global average ligand spacing is larger than 70 nm; i.e., cell adhesion is "turned off" by RGD nanopattern order and "turned on" by the RGD nanopattern disorder if operating at this range of interligand spacing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Macromolecular Science, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Metals Research, and Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heisenbergstrasse 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefan V. Gräter
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Metals Research, and Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heisenbergstrasse 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Francesca Corbellini
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Metals Research, and Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heisenbergstrasse 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabine Rinck-Jahnke
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Metals Research, and Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heisenbergstrasse 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Eva Bock
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Metals Research, and Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heisenbergstrasse 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ralf Kemkemer
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Metals Research, and Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heisenbergstrasse 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Horst Kessler
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich at the Technical University of Munich, Department Chemie, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Jiandong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Macromolecular Science, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Corresponding authors: E-mail: (J.P. Spatz); (J. Ding)
| | - Joachim P. Spatz
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Metals Research, and Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heisenbergstrasse 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Corresponding authors: E-mail: (J.P. Spatz); (J. Ding)
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