101
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Liu J, Wang L, Wang X, Xu L, Hao Z, Xiao J. Fluorinated alcohol-mediated [4 + 3] cycloaddition reaction of indolyl alcohols with cyclopentadiene. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:11510-11517. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01953f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a catalyst- and additive-free, [4 + 3] cycloaddition reaction of 3-indolylmethanols with cyclopentadiene in HFIP, producing cyclohepta[b]indole derivatives in high yields and with wide substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Qingdao Agricultural University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Liang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Qingdao Agricultural University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Qingdao Agricultural University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Lubin Xu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Qingdao Agricultural University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Zhihui Hao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Qingdao Agricultural University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Jian Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Qingdao Agricultural University
- Qingdao
- China
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102
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Wen H, Wang L, Xu L, Hao Z, Shao CL, Wang CY, Xiao J. Fluorinated Alcohol-Mediated SN1-Type Reaction of Indolyl Alcohols with Diverse Nucleophiles. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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103
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Follet E, Berionni G, Mayer P, Mayr H. Structure and Reactivity of Indolylmethylium Ions: Scope and Limitations in Synthetic Applications. J Org Chem 2015. [PMID: 26218059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Eight substituted aryl(indol-3-yl)methylium tetrafluoroborates 3(a-h)-BF4 and three bis(indol-3-yl)methylium tetrafluoroborates 3(i-k)-BF4 have been synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Their reactions with π-nucleophiles 8(a-j) (silylated enol ethers and ketene acetals) were studied kinetically using photometric monitoring at 20 °C. The resulting second-order rate constants were found to follow the correlation log k(20 °C) = sN(N + E), in which nucleophiles are characterized by the two solvent-dependent parameters N and sN, and electrophiles are characterized by one parameter, E. From the previously reported N and sN parameters of the employed nucleophiles and the measured rate constants, the electrophilicities of the indol-3-ylmethylium ions 3(a-k) were derived and used to predict potential nucleophilic reaction partners. A discrepancy between published rate constants for the reactions of morpholine and piperidine with the (2-methylindol-3-yl)phenylmethylium ion 3h and those calculated from E, N, and sN was analyzed and demonstrated to be due to a mistake of the value reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Follet
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Guillaume Berionni
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Herbert Mayr
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
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104
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Kundal S, Jalal S, Paul K, Jana U. Fe(OTf)3-Catalyzed Aromatization of Substituted 3-Methyleneindoline and Benzofuran Derivatives: A Selective Route to C-3-Alkylated Indoles and Benzofurans. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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105
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The Emergence of Quinone Methides in Asymmetric Organocatalysis. Molecules 2015; 20:11733-64. [PMID: 26121398 PMCID: PMC6331896 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200711733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinone methides (QMs) are highly reactive compounds that have been defined as "elusive" intermediates, or even as a "synthetic enigma" in organic chemistry. Indeed, there were just a handful of examples of their utilization in catalytic asymmetric settings until some years ago. This review collects organocatalytic asymmetric reactions that employ QMs as substrates and intermediates, from the early examples, mostly based on stabilized QMs bearing specific substitution patterns, to more recent contributions, which have dramatically expanded the scope of QM chemistry. In fact, it was only very recently that the generation of QMs in situ through strategies compatible with organocatalytic methodologies has been realized. This tactic has finally opened the gate to the full exploitation of these unstable intermediates, leading to a series of remarkable disclosures. Several types of synthetically powerful asymmetric addition and cycloaddition reactions, applicable to a broad range of QMs, are now available.
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106
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Wang R, Jing L, Qin D. Organocatalytic asymmetric Michael addition of benzofuran-2(3H)-ones to alkylideneindolenines generated in situ from arenesulfonylalkylindoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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107
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Huang JZ, Zhang CL, Zhu YF, Li LL, Chen DF, Han ZY, Gong LZ. Organocatalytic Highly Enantioselective Substitution of 3-(1-Tosylalkyl)indoles with Oxindoles Enables the First Total Synthesis of (+)-Trigolutes B. Chemistry 2015; 21:8389-93. [PMID: 25916808 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective organocatalytic substitution of 3-(1-tosylalkyl)indoles with oxindoles has been established by using chiral bifunctional organocatalysts, providing an efficient entry to multiply functionalized 3,3'-disubstituted oxindoles, and was exploited as the key step to enable the first asymmetric total synthesis of optically pure (+)-trigolutes B to be accomplished in a concise manner, within seven steps with an 18% overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Zhou Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 551-360-6266 http://staff.ustc.edu.cn/∼gonglz/index.htm
| | - Chen-Long Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 551-360-6266 http://staff.ustc.edu.cn/∼gonglz/index.htm
| | - Yi-Fan Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 551-360-6266 http://staff.ustc.edu.cn/∼gonglz/index.htm
| | - Lu-Lu Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 551-360-6266 http://staff.ustc.edu.cn/∼gonglz/index.htm
| | - Dian-Feng Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 551-360-6266 http://staff.ustc.edu.cn/∼gonglz/index.htm
| | - Zhi-Yong Han
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 551-360-6266 http://staff.ustc.edu.cn/∼gonglz/index.htm
| | - Liu-Zhu Gong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 551-360-6266 http://staff.ustc.edu.cn/∼gonglz/index.htm. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) (P. R. China).
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108
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Barbero M, Buscaino R, Cadamuro S, Dughera S, Gualandi A, Marabello D, Cozzi PG. Synthesis of bench-stable diarylmethylium tetrafluoroborates. J Org Chem 2015; 80:4791-6. [PMID: 25867788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A representative number of bench-stable nonsymmetric diarylcarbenium tetrafluoroborates have been isolated via the direct coupling of aryl (or heteroaryl) aldehydes and N-heteroarenes and fully characterized. They have proven to be highly stable in the presence of both EDG and EWG substituents. An (E)-iminium vinylogous substructure has been shown as the common cation scaffold by X-ray analysis and by NOE determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Barbero
- †Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Roberto Buscaino
- †Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Silvano Cadamuro
- †Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Dughera
- †Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Gualandi
- ‡Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Domenica Marabello
- §Dipartimento di Chimica e CrisDi (Interdepartmental Center for Crystallography), Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Pier Giorgio Cozzi
- ‡Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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109
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Lebée C, Kataja AO, Blanchard F, Masson G. Formal Asymmetric Organocatalytic [3+2] Cyclization between Enecarbamates and 3-Indolylmethanols: Rapid Access to 3-Aminocyclopenta[b]indoles. Chemistry 2015; 21:8399-402. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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110
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Luo G, Jing L, Qin D, Wang R, Jin L, Wu C, Yin M. Facile synthesis of 3-sec-alkyl substituted 7-azaindoles by Michael addition of carbon nucleophiles to vinylogous imine intermediates generated in situ from 3-(1-arylsulfonylalkyl)-7-azaindoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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111
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Caruana L, Mondatori M, Corti V, Morales S, Mazzanti A, Fochi M, Bernardi L. Catalytic Asymmetric Addition of Meldrum’s Acid, Malononitrile, and 1,3-Dicarbonyls toortho-Quinone Methides Generated In Situ Under Basic Conditions. Chemistry 2015; 21:6037-41. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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112
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Sun XX, Du BX, Zhang HH, Ji L, Shi F. Catalytic Asymmetric Arylation of 3-Indolylmethanols: Enantioselective Synthesis of 3,3′-Bis(indolyl)oxindoles with High Atom Economy. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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113
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Tang XD, Li S, Guo R, Nie J, Ma JA. Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Enantioselective Decarboxylative Alkylation of β-Keto Acids with 3-Hydroxy-3-indolyloxindoles. Org Lett 2015; 17:1389-92. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Tang
- Department
of Chemistry,
Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (the Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China
| | - Shen Li
- Department
of Chemistry,
Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (the Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China
| | - Ran Guo
- Department
of Chemistry,
Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (the Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China
| | - Jing Nie
- Department
of Chemistry,
Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (the Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China
| | - Jun-An Ma
- Department
of Chemistry,
Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (the Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China
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114
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Bartolucci S, Mari M, Bedini A, Piersanti G, Spadoni G. Iridium-catalyzed direct synthesis of tryptamine derivatives from indoles: exploiting n-protected β-amino alcohols as alkylating agents. J Org Chem 2015; 80:3217-22. [PMID: 25699684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The selective C3-alkylation of indoles with N-protected ethanolamines involving the "borrowing hydrogen" strategy is described. This method provides convenient and sustainable access to several tryptamine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bartolucci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Piazza del Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Michele Mari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Piazza del Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Annalida Bedini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Piazza del Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Giovanni Piersanti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Piazza del Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Gilberto Spadoni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Piazza del Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
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115
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Li X, Tan W, Gong YX, Shi F. Catalyst-controlled chemoselective reaction of 3-indolylmethanols with cyclic enaminones leading to C2-functionalized indoles. J Org Chem 2015; 80:1841-8. [PMID: 25561356 DOI: 10.1021/jo502782b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A catalyst-controlled chemoselective formal 1,2-addition of 3-indolylmethanols with cyclic enaminones has been established in the presence of TfOH as a strong acid, which afforded C2-functionalized indole derivatives in generally good yields (up to 89% yield). This reaction not only confronted the great challenge in 1,2-addition of 3-indolylmethanols but also provided a good strategy for C2-functionalization of indole derivatives. The investigation on the reaction mechanism revealed that this formal 1,2-addition included a tandem sequence of 1,4-addition/[1,3]-C migration/isomerization, in which the [1,3]-C migration of the 1,4-addition product was a key step and the acidity of the catalyst played a decisive role in the observed chemoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou, 221116, China
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116
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Wang X, Liu J, Xu L, Hao Z, Wang L, Xiao J. Friedel–Crafts alkylation of heteroarenes and arenes with indolyl alcohols for construction of 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21919a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
An intriguing camphorsulfonic acid catalyzed Friedel–Crafts alkylation of arenes with indolyl alcohols has been developed featuring mild reaction conditions, wide substrate scope and high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Jian Liu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Qingdao Agricultural University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Lubin Xu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Qingdao Agricultural University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Zhihui Hao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Qingdao Agricultural University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Liang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Qingdao Agricultural University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Jian Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Qingdao Agricultural University
- Qingdao
- China
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117
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Gong YX, Wu Q, Zhang HH, Zhu QN, Shi F. Enantioselective construction of a 2,2′-bisindolylmethane scaffold via catalytic asymmetric reactions of 2-indolylmethanols with 3-alkylindoles. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:7993-8000. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00815h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed asymmetric reaction of 2-indolylmethanols with 3-alkylindoles has been established to construct 2,2′-bisindolylmethane scaffold in good enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xuzhou Institute of Technology
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Qiu-Ning Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Feng Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- China
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118
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Shi F, Zhang H, Sun X, Liang J, Fan T, Tu S. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Cascade Reactions of 7‐Vinylindoles: Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of C7‐Functionalized Indoles. Chemistry 2014; 21:3465-71. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116 (China)
| | - Hong‐Hao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116 (China)
| | - Xiao‐Xue Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116 (China)
| | - Jing Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116 (China)
| | - Tao Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116 (China)
| | - Shu‐Jiang Tu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116 (China)
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119
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Zhou LJ, Zhang YC, Zhao JJ, Shi F, Tu SJ. Organocatalytic arylation of 3-indolylmethanols via chemo- and regiospecific C6-functionalization of indoles. J Org Chem 2014; 79:10390-8. [PMID: 25310842 DOI: 10.1021/jo501989x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An organocatalytic arylation of 3-indolylmethanols has been established via chemo- and regiospecific C6-functionalization of 2,3-disubstituted indoles, leading to the production of bisindolyloxindoles containing an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter in high yields (up to 99% yield). This reaction not only represents the first catalytic arylation of 3-indolylmethanols using 2,3-disubstituted indoles as aromatic nucleophiles but also serves as a good example of direct catalytic C6-functionalization of indoles, which have been scarcely investigated. Besides, this approach also provides an efficient method to access a biologically important 3,3'-disubstituted oxindole framework and a 3',6-linked bisindole skeleton. Furthermore, the investigation of the activation mode suggested that the dual activation of an ion pair and H-bond between the substrates and the catalyst cooperatively contributed to the success of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Jia Zhou
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou, 221116, China
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120
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Lu Z, Yang M, Chen P, Xiong X, Li A. Total Synthesis of Hapalindole-Type Natural Products. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13840-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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121
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Lu Z, Yang M, Chen P, Xiong X, Li A. Total Synthesis of Hapalindole-Type Natural Products. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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122
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Wang L, Chen Y, Xiao J. Alkylideneindoleninium Ions and Alkylideneindolenines: Key Intermediates for the Asymmetric Synthesis of 3-Indolyl Derivatives. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201402093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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123
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Lancianesi S, Palmieri A, Petrini M. Synthetic Approaches to 3-(2-Nitroalkyl) Indoles and Their Use to Access Tryptamines and Related Bioactive Compounds. Chem Rev 2014; 114:7108-49. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400676v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Lancianesi
- School
of Science and Technology,
Chemistry Division, Università di Camerino, via S. Agostino,
1, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Palmieri
- School
of Science and Technology,
Chemistry Division, Università di Camerino, via S. Agostino,
1, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Marino Petrini
- School
of Science and Technology,
Chemistry Division, Università di Camerino, via S. Agostino,
1, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
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124
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Liu Y, Zhang HH, Zhang YC, Jiang Y, Shi F, Tu SJ. Organocatalytic enantioselective and (Z)-selective allylation of 3-indolylmethanol via hydrogen-bond activation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:12054-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02056a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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125
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Luo J, Wu B, Chen MW, Jiang GF, Zhou YG. The Concise Synthesis of Spiro-Cyclopropane Compounds via the Dearomatization of Indole Derivatives. Org Lett 2014; 16:2578-81. [DOI: 10.1021/ol500948r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Bo Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Mu-Wang Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guo-Fang Jiang
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yong-Gui Zhou
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
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126
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Tan W, Du BX, Li X, Zhu X, Shi F, Tu SJ. Catalytic Asymmetric Aza-ene Reaction of 3-Indolylmethanols with Cyclic Enaminones: Enantioselective Approach to C3-Functionalized Indoles. J Org Chem 2014; 79:4635-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500644v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Bai-Xiang Du
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Feng Shi
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Shu-Jiang Tu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
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127
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Zhuo MH, Jiang YJ, Fan YS, Gao Y, Liu S, Zhang S. Enantioselective synthesis of triarylmethanes by chiral imidodiphosphoric acids catalyzed Friedel-Crafts reactions. Org Lett 2014; 16:1096-9. [PMID: 24490630 DOI: 10.1021/ol403680c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The first enantioselective synthesis of pyrrolyl-substituted triarylmethanes has been accomplished using a novel imidodiphosphoric acid catalyst, which is derived from two (R)-BINOL frameworks with different 3,3'-substituents. This strategy was also expanded to the synthesis of bis(indolyl)-substituted triarylmethanes with high enantioselectivities, which could only be obtained with moderate ee values in previous reports. These two efficient Friedel-Crafts alkylation processes feature low catalyst loading, broad functional group compatibilities, and the potential to provide practical pathways for the synthesis of enantioenriched bioactive triarylmethanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hua Zhuo
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
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128
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Shi F, Zhu RY, Dai W, Wang CS, Tu SJ. Catalytic Asymmetric Formal [3+3] Cycloaddition of an Azomethine Ylide with 3-Indolylmethanol: Enantioselective Construction of a Six-Membered Piperidine Framework. Chemistry 2014; 20:2597-604. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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129
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Suárez A, García-García P, Fernández-Rodríguez MA, Sanz R. Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Straightforward Synthesis of Benzo[b]carbazoles from 2,3-Unsubstituted Indoles. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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130
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131
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Hao WJ, Wang SY, Ji SJ. Iodine-Catalyzed Cascade Formal [3 + 3] Cycloaddition Reaction of Indolyl Alcohol Derivatives with Enaminones: Constructions of Functionalized Spirodihydrocarbolines. ACS Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/cs400703u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shun-Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shun-Jun Ji
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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132
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Huang JZ, Wu X, Gong LZ. Enantioselective Organocatalytic Addition of Nitroalkanes to Oxindolylideneindolenines for the Construction of Chiral 3,3-Disubstituted Oxindoles. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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133
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Gherbovet O, Coderch C, García Alvarez MC, Bignon J, Thoret S, Martin MT, Guéritte F, Gago F, Roussi F. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a New Series of Highly Functionalized 7′-homo-Anhydrovinblastine Derivatives. J Med Chem 2013; 56:6088-100. [DOI: 10.1021/jm4004347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Gherbovet
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301
du CNRS, LabEx Lermit, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette
Cedex, France
| | - Claire Coderch
- Departamento
de Farmacología, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de
Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Concepción García Alvarez
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301
du CNRS, LabEx Lermit, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette
Cedex, France
| | - Jérôme Bignon
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301
du CNRS, LabEx Lermit, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette
Cedex, France
| | - Sylviane Thoret
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301
du CNRS, LabEx Lermit, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette
Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Thèrese Martin
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301
du CNRS, LabEx Lermit, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette
Cedex, France
| | - Françoise Guéritte
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301
du CNRS, LabEx Lermit, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette
Cedex, France
| | - Federico Gago
- Departamento
de Farmacología, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de
Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fanny Roussi
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301
du CNRS, LabEx Lermit, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette
Cedex, France
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134
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Pirovano V, Facoetti D, Dell'Acqua M, Della Fontana E, Abbiati G, Rossi E. Gold(I) or silver catalyzed synthesis of α-indolylacrylates. Org Lett 2013; 15:3812-5. [PMID: 23859310 DOI: 10.1021/ol401716b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methyl 2-acetamidoacrylate reacted with various 2-substituted indoles in the presence of catalytic amounts of AgSbF6 or AuPPh3NTf2 to provide the corresponding methyl 2-(2-substituted-1H-indol-3-yl)acrylates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pirovano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica A. Marchesini, Via Venezian, 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
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135
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Organocatalytic asymmetric Michael addition of 2-naphthols to alkylideneindolenines generated in situ from arenesulfonylalkylindoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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136
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Matsuzaki K, Furukawa T, Tokunaga E, Matsumoto T, Shiro M, Shibata N. Highly Enantioselective Monofluoromethylation of C2-Arylindoles Using FBSM under Chiral Phase-Transfer Catalysis. Org Lett 2013; 15:3282-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol4013102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Matsuzaki
- Department of Frontier Materials, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan, and Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Furukawa
- Department of Frontier Materials, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan, and Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
| | - Etsuko Tokunaga
- Department of Frontier Materials, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan, and Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- Department of Frontier Materials, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan, and Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
| | - Motoo Shiro
- Department of Frontier Materials, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan, and Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Frontier Materials, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan, and Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
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137
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Singh N, Allam BK, Raghuvanshi DS, Singh KN. An Efficient Tetrabutylammonium Fluoride (TBAF)-Catalyzed Three-Component Synthesis of 3-Substituted Indole Derivatives under Solvent-Free Conditions. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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138
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Protti S, Palmieri A, Petrini M, Fagnoni M, Ballini R, Albini A. A Photochemical Route to Benzo[a]carbazolesviaDomino Elimination/Electrocyclization of 2-Aryl-3-(1-tosylalkyl)indoles. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201201051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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139
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Lucarini S, Mari M, Piersanti G, Spadoni G. Organocatalyzed coupling of indoles with dehydroalanine esters: synthesis of bis(indolyl)propanoates and indolacrylates. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42922a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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140
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Johansson H, Jørgensen TB, Gloriam DE, Bräuner-Osborne H, Pedersen DS. 3-Substituted 2-phenyl-indoles: privileged structures for medicinal chemistry. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21902f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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141
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Lancianesi S, Palmieri A, Petrini M. Synthesis and Functionalization of Unsymmetrical Arylsulfonyl Bisindoles and Bisbenzazoles. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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142
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Cai CW, Zhu XL, Wu S, Zuo ZL, Yu LL, Qin DB, Liu QZ, Jing LH. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Michael Addition of Oxazolones to Arylsulfonyl Indoles: Facile Access tosyn-Configured α,β-Disubstituted Tryptophan Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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143
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Zhu XL, He WJ, Yu LL, Cai CW, Zuo ZL, Qin DB, Liu QZ, Jing LH. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Vinylogous Michael Addition of Dicyanoolefins to Imine Intermediates Generatedin situfrom Arenesulfonylalkylindoles. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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144
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Wu JC, Gong LB, Xia Y, Song RJ, Xie YX, Li JH. Nickel-Catalyzed Kumada Reaction of Tosylalkanes with Grignard Reagents to Produce Alkenes and Modified Arylketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201205969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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145
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Wu JC, Gong LB, Xia Y, Song RJ, Xie YX, Li JH. Nickel-Catalyzed Kumada Reaction of Tosylalkanes with Grignard Reagents to Produce Alkenes and Modified Arylketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:9909-13. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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146
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Cao LL, Li XN, Meng FY, Jiang GF. Pd-catalyzed addition of boronic acids to vinylogous imines: a convenient approach to 3-sec-alkyl substituted indoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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147
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Pathak TP, Osiak JG, Vaden RM, Welm BE, Sigman MS. Synthesis and Preliminary Biological Study of Bisindolylmethanes Accessed by an Acid-Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Vinylindoles. Tetrahedron 2012; 68:5203-5208. [PMID: 22778488 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An acid-catalyzed hydroarylation reaction of vinyl indoles is reported, which tolerates a wide range of heterocycles as the exogenous nucleophile such as indoles, pyrroles, and indolizines. The method rapidly accesses the biologically relevant bisindolylmethane scaffold in good to excellent yields. Evaluation of the biological activity of several synthesized analogues reveals cytotoxic activity against and selectivity for the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas P Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
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148
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Fochi M, Gramigna L, Mazzanti A, Duce S, Fantini S, Palmieri A, Petrini M, Bernardi L. Solvent-Free Non-Covalent Organocatalysis: Enantioselective Addition of Nitroalkanes to Alkylideneindolenines as a Flexible Gateway to Optically Active Tryptamine Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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149
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Xiao J. Merging Organocatalysis with Transition Metal Catalysis: Highly Stereoselective α-Alkylation of Aldehydes. Org Lett 2012; 14:1716-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol3002859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
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150
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Yokosaka T, Nemoto T, Hamada Y. An acid-promoted novel skeletal rearrangement initiated by intramolecular ipso-Friedel–Crafts-type addition to 3-alkylidene indolenium cations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:5431-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc31699d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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