101
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Liu J, Xie J, Zhu C. Photoredox organocatalytic α-amino C(sp3)–H functionalization for the synthesis of 5-membered heterocyclic γ-amino acid derivatives. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00644f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A photoredox organocatalytic, highly selective α-amino C(sp3)–H bond functionalization offers an elegant intramolecular access to cyclic γ-amino acid analogues in satisfactory yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Chengjian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
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102
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Ahneman DT, Doyle AG. C-H functionalization of amines with aryl halides by nickel-photoredox catalysis. Chem Sci 2016; 7:7002-7006. [PMID: 28058105 PMCID: PMC5207500 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02815b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the functionalization of α-amino C-H bonds with aryl halides using a combination of nickel and photoredox catalysis. This direct C-H, C-X coupling uses inexpensive and readily available starting materials to generate benzylic amines, an important class of bioactive molecules. Mechanistically, this method features the direct arylation of α-amino radicals mediated by a nickel catalyst. This reactivity is demonstrated for a range of aryl halides and N-aryl amines, with orthogonal scope to existing C-H activation and photoredox methodologies. We also report reactions with several complex aryl halides, demonstrating the potential utility of this approach in late-stage functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek T. Ahneman
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , NJ 08544 , USA .
| | - Abigail G. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , NJ 08544 , USA .
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103
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Visible light photoredox and Polonovski-Potier cyclizations for the synthesis of (±)-5-epi-cermizine C and (±)-epimyrtine. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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104
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Arora A, Weaver JD. Visible Light Photocatalysis for the Generation and Use of Reactive Azolyl and Polyfluoroaryl Intermediates. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:2273-2283. [PMID: 27682342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalysis offers several mechanistically unique pathways that are not rivaled by mainstream catalysis. Primarily, the ability to convert photochemical energy into single electron oxidation and reduction events provides a new dimension for chemists to consider when choosing how to activate a molecule or approach a complex synthesis. Since most organic molecules do not absorb light in the visible region, they are impervious to direct visible light photochemistry, which provides an opportunity for photocatalysis in which a visible light absorbing compound can serve as a mediator. In this Account, we discuss the consequences of catalyst mediated, photoinduced electron transfer to several classes of reducible arenes. While the bulk of the work discussed within this Account utilizes iridium-based photocatalysts, in principle the chemistry is not limited to this class of photocatalyst, and the principles should be more general. Instead, this Account focuses largely on the consequences of single electron transfer to poly- and perfluorinated arenes and 2-halo azoles. Electron transfer converts these stable molecules into reactive intermediates whose behavior often depends entirely on the identity of the halogen that undergoes substitution. The result is both diverse chemistry and an alternative way of thinking about the chemical reactivity of these motifs. Specifically, we discuss our efforts and those of others to develop strategies for the generation of radicals or radical anions from perfluoroarenes and azoles and the behavior of these intermediates as implied by reactions in which they participate. The divergent pathway is illustrated by 2-bromoazoles, which yield azolyl radicals and can be utilized for addition to π-bonds, while use of the 2-chloroazole substrate leads to an entirely different reaction profile. Under the appropriate reaction conditions, the reactive and transient intermediates are useful coupling partners and often provide unrivaled access to new chemical space. The odd electron species can form challenging bonds with minimal prefunctionalization of the coupling partner. For instance, some of the intermediates can be utilized for C-H functionalizations to selectively make crowded amines or to synthesize biarenes substituted at every ortho position. While photocatalysis is not the only manner of accomplishing electron transfer, the catalytic generation of the reactive species in which the concentration of the transient odd electron species is kept low, provides a synthetic handle that can be used to improve reaction outcomes. This is elegantly demonstrated in a number of examples in which redox sensitive groups located on substrates survive the reaction. In addition, the underlying basic concepts associated with radical anion fragmentation are reviewed and provide the backdrop for discussion throughout the Account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Arora
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Jimmie D. Weaver
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
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105
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Yang W, Zhang H, Li L, Tam CM, Feng S, Wong KL, Lai WY, Ng SH, Chen C, Chan KS. Base-Promoted, Aerobic, and Regioselective Carbon–Hydrogen Bond Activation of Thiophene with Group 9 Metalloporphyrins. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin,
New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin,
New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liuxiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin,
New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun Meng Tam
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin,
New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Feng
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin,
New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ka Lai Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin,
New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wai Yan Lai
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin,
New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheung Hei Ng
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin,
New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin,
New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kin Shing Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin,
New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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106
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Nakajima K, Miyake Y, Nishibayashi Y. Synthetic Utilization of α-Aminoalkyl Radicals and Related Species in Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:1946-56. [PMID: 27505299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Single electron oxidation of amines provides an efficient way to access synthetically useful α-aminoalkyl radicals as reactive intermediates. After the single electron oxidation of amines, fragmentation of the resulting radical cations proceeds to give the α-aminoalkyl radicals along with generation of a proton. In the synthetic utilization of the α-aminoalkyl radicals, precise control of single electron transfer is essential, because further oxidation of the α-aminoalkyl radicals occurs more easily than the starting amines and the α-aminoalkyl radicals are converted into the corresponding iminium ions. As a result, photoinduced single electron transfer is quite attractive in the synthetic utilization of the α-aminoalkyl radicals. Recently, visible light-photoredox catalysis using transition metal-polypyridyl complexes and other dyes as catalysts has attracted considerable attention, where useful molecular transformations can be achieved through the single electron transfer process between the excited catalysts and substrates. In this context, MacMillan et al. ( Science 2011, 334 , 1114 , DOI: 10.1126/science.1213920 ) reported an aromatic substitution reaction of cyanoarenes with amines, where α-aminoalkyl radicals work as key reactive intermediates. Pandey and Reiser et al. ( Org. Lett. 2012 , 14 , 672 , DOI: 10.1021/ol202857t ) and our group ( Nishibayashi et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012 , 134 , 3338 , DOI: 10.1021/ja211770y ) independently reported reactions of amines with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, where addition of α-aminoalkyl radicals to alkenes is a key step. After these earliest examples, nowadays, a variety of transformations using the α-aminoalkyl radicals as reactive intermediates have been reported by many groups. The α-aminoalkyl radicals are usually produced from amines by single electron oxidation and the subsequent deprotonation of the C-H bond adjacent to the nitrogen atom. In addition, the α-aminoalkyl radicals are also produced from α-silylamines and α-amino acids in high efficiency through desilylation or decarboxylation after the single electron oxidation. The generated α-aminoalkyl radicals are utilized in a variety of reaction systems. In fact, reactions based on the addition of α-aminoalkyl radicals to alkenes and other unsaturated bonds have been extensively studied. Aromatic and other types of substitution reactions have also been investigated. Some of these transformations are achieved by combination of photoredox catalysts and other catalysts such as Brønsted and Lewis acids, organocatalysts, and transition metal catalysts. It is also noteworthy that the enantioselective reactions have been accomplished by combination of photoredox catalysts and chiral catalysts. The strategy for the generation of α-aminoalkyl radicals can be applied to utilize other types of alkyl radicals. In the generation of α-aminoalkyl radicals, the bond dissociation of the radical cations occurs at the α-position of amines. In relation to this process, synthetic utilization of other types of alkyl radicals generated by the bond dissociation of the radical cations at a remote position has been also investigated. These alkyl radicals have been applied to molecular transformations in a manner similar to the α-aminoalkyl radicals. Recently, organic synthesis using the α-aminoalkyl radicals and related alkyl radicals has been studied extensively. In this Account, we describe recent advances in photoredox-catalyzed synthetic utilization of these alkyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunari Nakajima
- Department of Systems Innovation,
School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Systems Innovation,
School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Department of Systems Innovation,
School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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107
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Leon MA, Liu X, Phan JH, Clift MD. Amine Functionalization through Sequential Quinone-Catalyzed Oxidation/Nucleophilic Addition. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin A. Leon
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Kansas; 2010 Malott Hall, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive 66045 Lawrence KS USA
| | - Xinyun Liu
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Kansas; 2010 Malott Hall, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive 66045 Lawrence KS USA
| | - Johnny H. Phan
- Eli Lilly and Company; 893 S. Delaware Street, DC-1920 46285 Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Michael D. Clift
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Kansas; 2010 Malott Hall, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive 66045 Lawrence KS USA
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108
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Arora A, Weaver JD. Photocatalytic Generation of 2-Azolyl Radicals: Intermediates for the Azolylation of Arenes and Heteroarenes via C–H Functionalization. Org Lett 2016; 18:3996-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Arora
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Jimmie D. Weaver
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
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109
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshen Ma
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Seth B. Herzon
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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110
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Wang K, Meng LG, Wang L. Visible-Light-Initiated Na2-Eosin Y Catalyzed Highly Regio- and Stereoselective Difunctionalization of Alkynes with Alkyl Bromides. J Org Chem 2016; 81:7080-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling-Guo Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, People’s Republic of China
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111
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Li W, Duan Y, Zhang M, Cheng J, Zhu C. A photoredox catalyzed radical-radical coupling reaction: facile access to multi-substituted nitrogen heterocycles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:7596-9. [PMID: 27226386 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc02027e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Visible light induced photoredox catalysis is an efficient method for radical activation. Herein, we report the photoredox catalysis involving an intramolecular radical-radical coupling reaction that proceeds through a biradical intermediate. This protocol represents a new synthetic route to construct multi-substituted N-heterocycles. Four, five and six-membered N-heterocyclic structures with a quaternary carbon center are accessible under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
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112
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Lipp A, Lahm G, Opatz T. Light Induced C–C Coupling of 2-Chlorobenzazoles with Carbamates, Alcohols, and Ethers. J Org Chem 2016; 81:4890-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lipp
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Günther Lahm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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113
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Ye Z, Gettys KE, Dai M. Opportunities and challenges for direct C-H functionalization of piperazines. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:702-15. [PMID: 27340462 PMCID: PMC4901899 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Piperazine ranks within the top three most utilized N-heterocyclic moieties in FDA-approved small-molecule pharmaceuticals. Herein we summarize the current synthetic methods available to perform C-H functionalization on piperazines in order to lend structural diversity to this privileged drug scaffold. Multiple approaches such as those involving α-lithiation trapping, transition-metal-catalyzed α-C-H functionalizations, and photoredox catalysis are discussed. We also highlight the difficulties experienced when successful methods for α-C-H functionalization of acyclic amines and saturated mono-nitrogen heterocyclic compounds (such as piperidines and pyrrolidines) were applied to piperazine substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhishi Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kristen E Gettys
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mingji Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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114
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Gurry M, Aldabbagh F. A new era for homolytic aromatic substitution: replacing Bu3SnH with efficient light-induced chain reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:3849-62. [PMID: 27056571 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00370b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein is a pertinent review of recent photochemical homolytic aromatic substitution (HAS) literature. Issues with using the reductant Bu3SnH in an oxidative process where the net loss of a hydrogen atom occurs is discussed. Nowadays more efficient light-induced chain reactions are used resulting in HAS becoming a synthetic mechanism of choice rivaling organometallic, transition-metal and electrophilic aromatic substitution protocols. The review includes aromatic substitution as part of a tandem or cascade reaction, Pschorr reaction, as well as HAS facilitated by ipso-substitution, and Smiles rearrangement. Recently visible-light photoredox catalysis, which is carried out at room temperature has become one of the most important means of aromatic substitution. The main photoredox catalysts used are polypyridine complexes of Ru(ii) and Ir(iii), although eosin Y is an alternative allowing metal-free HAS. Other radical initiator-free aromatic substitutions have used 9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium ion and N,N-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)perylene-3,4,9,10-bis(dicarboximide) as the photoredox catalyst, UV-light, photoinduced electron-transfer, zwitterionic semiquinone radical anions, and Barton ester intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gurry
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, SW4 NUI, Ireland.
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115
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Zhu L, Wang LS, Li B, Fu B, Zhang CP, Li W. Operationally simple hydrotrifluoromethylation of alkenes with sodium triflinate enabled by Ir photoredox catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:6371-4. [PMID: 26996326 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01944g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We report herein a single component Ir photoredox catalyst which is capable of catalyzing the hydrotrifluoromethylation of terminal alkenes and Michael acceptors with sodium triflinate (Langlois reagent) in methanol under irradiation at room temperature. Various synthetically useful functional groups, including ester, amide, ether, aldehyde, sulfone, ketone and aryl boronate, are well tolerated in this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hubei Engineering University, Hubei, 432000, China.
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116
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Zhang Y, Teuscher KB, Ji H. Direct α-heteroarylation of amides (α to nitrogen) and ethers through a benzaldehyde-mediated photoredox reaction. Chem Sci 2016; 7:2111-2118. [PMID: 29899938 PMCID: PMC5968545 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03640b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A photoredox reaction for cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) was developed to Cα-arylate amides (α to nitrogen) and ethers using a variety of five- and six-membered electron-deficient heteroarenes. A unique decomposition mechanism of ammonium persulfate enhanced by photoexcited benzaldehydes was revealed. This benzaldehyde-mediated photoredox reaction proceeded smoothly with household 23 W CFL bulbs as the energy source under metal-free conditions, allowing the construction of new Csp2 -Csp2 and Csp3 -Csp2 bonds and access to important pharmacophores of broad utility using commercially available reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Center for Cell and Genome Science , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112-0850 , USA .
| | - Kevin B Teuscher
- Department of Chemistry , Center for Cell and Genome Science , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112-0850 , USA .
| | - Haitao Ji
- Department of Chemistry , Center for Cell and Genome Science , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112-0850 , USA .
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117
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Luo K, Chen YZ, Yang WC, Zhu J, Wu L. Cross-Coupling Hydrogen Evolution by Visible Light Photocatalysis Toward C(sp2)–P Formation: Metal-Free C–H Functionalization of Thiazole Derivatives with Diarylphosphine Oxides. Org Lett 2016; 18:452-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yao-Zhong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wen-Chao Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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118
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Fuentes de Arriba AL, Urbitsch F, Dixon DJ. Umpolung synthesis of branched α-functionalized amines from imines via photocatalytic three-component reductive coupling reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:14434-14437. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc09172e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A three component reductive coupling reaction of a (hetero)aromatic amine, a (hetero)aromatic aldehyde and an electron deficient olefin catalysed by eosin Y under green LED light irradiation, for the direct generation of γ-amino acid derivatives, is described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felix Urbitsch
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
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119
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Lévêque C, Chenneberg L, Corcé V, Ollivier C, Fensterbank L. Organic photoredox catalysis for the oxidation of silicates: applications in radical synthesis and dual catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:9877-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc04636c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal free photooxidation of alkyl bis(catecholato)silicates with the organic dye 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyano-benzene (4CzIPN) allows the smooth formation of alkyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Lévêque
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- UMR CNRS 8232
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06. 4 Place Jussieu
- F-75252 Paris Cedex 05
- France
| | - Ludwig Chenneberg
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- UMR CNRS 8232
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06. 4 Place Jussieu
- F-75252 Paris Cedex 05
- France
| | - Vincent Corcé
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- UMR CNRS 8232
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06. 4 Place Jussieu
- F-75252 Paris Cedex 05
- France
| | - Cyril Ollivier
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- UMR CNRS 8232
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06. 4 Place Jussieu
- F-75252 Paris Cedex 05
- France
| | - Louis Fensterbank
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- UMR CNRS 8232
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06. 4 Place Jussieu
- F-75252 Paris Cedex 05
- France
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120
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Firth JD, O’Brien P, Ferris L. Synthesis of Enantiopure Piperazines via Asymmetric Lithiation–Trapping of N-Boc Piperazines: Unexpected Role of the Electrophile and Distal N-Substituent. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 138:651-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b11288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James D. Firth
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Peter O’Brien
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Leigh Ferris
- AstraZeneca U.K., Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2NA, U.K
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121
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Huang FQ, Zhou GX, Dong X, Qi LW, Zhang B. Metal-Free C(sp3)-O Bond Formation through Radical Translocation: A Mild, Efficient, and Practical Approach to α-Alkoxybenzamides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201500495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Qing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjia Xiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Guo-Xiu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjia Xiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Xin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjia Xiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Lian-Wen Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjia Xiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjia Xiang Nanjing 210009 China
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122
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El Khatib M, Serafim RAM, Molander GA. α-Arylation/Heteroarylation of Chiral α-Aminomethyltrifluoroborates by Synergistic Iridium Photoredox/Nickel Cross-Coupling Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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123
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El Khatib M, Serafim RAM, Molander GA. α-Arylation/Heteroarylation of Chiral α-Aminomethyltrifluoroborates by Synergistic Iridium Photoredox/Nickel Cross-Coupling Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:254-8. [PMID: 26592731 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Direct access to complex, enantiopure benzylamine architectures using a synergistic iridium photoredox/nickel cross-coupling dual catalysis strategy has been developed. New C(sp(3))-C(sp(2)) bonds are forged starting from abundant and inexpensive natural amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna El Khatib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, 231 S. 34th St., Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323 (USA)
| | - Ricardo Augusto Massarico Serafim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, 231 S. 34th St., Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323 (USA).,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo-FCF/USP (Brazil)
| | - Gary A Molander
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, 231 S. 34th St., Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323 (USA).
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124
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Pratsch G, Overman LE. Synthesis of 2,5-Diaryl-1,5-dienes from Allylic Bromides Using Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis. J Org Chem 2015; 80:11388-97. [PMID: 26514061 PMCID: PMC4697828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light photoreductive coupling of 2-arylallyl bromides in the presence of the photocatalyst Ru(bpy)3(PF6)2, a Hantzsch ester, and i-Pr2NEt gives 2,5-diaryl-1,5-dienes in high yield. This method avoids the use of stoichiometric metal reductants and is compatible with the presence of halogen, alkyl, electron-donating, and electron-withdrawing substituents on the aromatic ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Pratsch
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Larry E. Overman
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
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125
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Mondal B, Roy B. Isopropanol and potassium tert-butoxide promoted intramolecular direct sp2 C–H functionalization: an expedient synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole annulated chromens and quinolones. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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126
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Spangler JE, Kobayashi Y, Verma P, Wang DH, Yu JQ. α-Arylation of Saturated Azacycles and N-Methylamines via Palladium(II)-Catalyzed C(sp(3))-H Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:11876-9. [PMID: 26322957 PMCID: PMC4822695 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pd(II)-catalyzed α-C(sp(3))-H arylation of pyrrolidines, piperidines, azepanes, and N-methylamines with arylboronic acids has been developed for the first time. This transformation is applicable to wide arrays of pyrrolidines and boronic acids, including heteroaromatic boronic acids. A diastereoselective one-pot heterodiarylation of pyrrolidines has also been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian E. Spangler
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Yoshihisa Kobayashi
- Medicinal Chemistry, Eisai Product Creation Systems, Eisai Co., Ltd, 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Pritha Verma
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Dong-Hui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
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127
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Majek M, Faltermeier U, Dick B, Pérez-Ruiz R, Jacobi von Wangelin A. Application of Visible-to-UV Photon Upconversion to Photoredox Catalysis: The Activation of Aryl Bromides. Chemistry 2015; 21:15496-501. [PMID: 26368791 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The activation of aryl-Br bonds was achieved by sequential combination of a triplet-triplet annihilation process of the organic dyes, butane-2,3-dione and 2,5-diphenyloxazole, with a single-electron-transfer activation of aryl bromides. The photophysical and chemical steps were studied by time-resolved transient fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy with a pulsed laser, quenching experiments, and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Majek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg (Germany)
| | - Uwe Faltermeier
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg (Germany)
| | - Bernhard Dick
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg (Germany)
| | - Raúl Pérez-Ruiz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg (Germany).
| | - Axel Jacobi von Wangelin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg (Germany).
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128
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Angnes RA, Li Z, Correia CRD, Hammond GB. Recent synthetic additions to the visible light photoredox catalysis toolbox. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:9152-67. [PMID: 26242759 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01349f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The boom in visible light photoredox catalysis (VLPC) research has demonstrated that this novel synthetic approach is here to stay. VLPC enables reactive radical intermediates to be catalytically generated at ambient temperature, a feat not generally allowed through traditional pyrolysis- or radical initiator-based methodologies. VLPC has vastly extended the range of substrates and reaction schemes that have been traditionally the domain of radical reactions. In this review the photophysics background of VLPC will be briefly discussed, followed by a report on recent inroads of VLPC into decarboxylative couplings and radical C-H functionalization of aromatic compounds. The bulk of the review will be dedicated to advances in synergistic catalysis involving VLPC, namely the combination of photoredox catalysis with organocatalysis, including β-functionalization of carbonyl groups, functionalization of weak aliphatic C-H bonds, and anti-Markovnikov hydrofunctionalization of alkenes; dual catalysis with gold or with nickel, photoredox catalysis as an oxidation promoter in transition metal catalysis, and acid-catalyzed enantioselective radical addition to π systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Angnes
- Chemistry Institute, State University of Campinas - Unicamp C.P. 6154, CEP. 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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129
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Kenny R, Liu F. Trifunctional Organocatalysts: Catalytic Proficiency by Cooperative Activation. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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130
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Arigala P, Sadu VS, Hwang IT, Hwang JS, Kim CU, Lee KI. Copper-Catalyzed Regio- and Stereoselective Ring-Opening of Cyclic Sulfamidates with Grignard Reagents assisted by Lithium Chloride. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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131
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Lin CW, Hong BC, Chang WC, Lee GH. A New Approach to Nitrones through Cascade Reaction of Nitro Compounds Enabled by Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis. Org Lett 2015; 17:2314-7. [PMID: 25895096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of nitroalkanes were efficiently transformed to alkylnitrones using a visible light irradiation photocatalytic process. The mild, efficient, and environmentally benign reaction method, involving dynamic reciprocations of cascade pathways, comprises a mixture of a Ru(bpy)3Cl2 photoredox catalyst and DIPIBA or Hünig's base in CH3CN. Notably, DIPIBA was found to be the best additive for the cross condensation reaction of nitroalkanes with aldehydes. The structures of appropriate products were confirmed by X-ray analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Lin
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, 621, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Bor-Cherng Hong
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, 621, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wan-Chen Chang
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, 621, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Gene-Hsiang Lee
- ‡Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
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132
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Kang X, Shang W, Zhu Q, Zhang J, Jiang T, Han B, Wu Z, Li Z, Xing X. Mesoporous inorganic salts with crystal defects: unusual catalysts and catalyst supports. Chem Sci 2015; 6:1668-1675. [PMID: 29308132 PMCID: PMC5639790 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc03736g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We proposed a strategy to synthesize mesoporous inorganic salt particles using the special properties of ionic liquid (IL) mixtures, and hollow mesoporous LaF3, NdF3, and YF3 particles were synthesized and characterized using different techniques. The size of the mesopores in the salt particles was about 4 nm, and the materials were full of crystal defects. The LaF3, NdF3 and YF3 particles were used as the catalysts for the cyanosilylation reaction of benzaldehyde using trimethylsilyl cyanide, and Ru/LaF3 and Ru/NdF3, in which Ru nanocatalysts were supported on the LaF3 and NdF3 particles with mesopores, were used to catalyze hydrogenations of benzene to cyclohexane and levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). It was discovered that the activities of these catalysts were unprecedentedly high for these reactions. Detailed study showed that both the crystal defects and the mesopores in the salt particles played crucial roles for the extremely high catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchen Kang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics , Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China . ;
| | - Wenting Shang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics , Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China . ;
| | - Qinggong Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics , Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China . ;
| | - Jianling Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics , Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China . ;
| | - Tao Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics , Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China . ;
| | - Buxing Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics , Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China . ;
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility , Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility , Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xueqing Xing
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility , Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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133
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Li Y, Miyazawa K, Koike T, Akita M. Alkyl- and aryl-thioalkylation of olefins with organotrifluoroborates by photoredox catalysis. Org Chem Front 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4qo00352g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A new photocatalytic alkyl- and aryl-thioalkylation of electron-deficient olefins using organotrifluoroborates has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Li
- Chemical Resources Laboratory
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
| | - Kazuki Miyazawa
- Chemical Resources Laboratory
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
| | - Takashi Koike
- Chemical Resources Laboratory
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
| | - Munetaka Akita
- Chemical Resources Laboratory
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
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134
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Barham JP, John MP, Murphy JA. One-pot functionalisation of N-substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines by photooxidation and tunable organometallic trapping of iminium intermediates. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 10:2981-8. [PMID: 25550765 PMCID: PMC4273301 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleophilic trapping of iminium salts generated via oxidative functionalisation of tertiary amines is well established with stabilised carbon nucleophiles. The few reports of organometallic additions have limited scope of substrate and organometallic nucleophile. We report a novel, one-pot methodology that functionalises N-substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines by visible light-assisted photooxidation, followed by trapping of the resultant iminium ions with organometallic nucleophiles. This affords 1,2-disubstituted tetrahydroisoquinolines in moderate to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Barham
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom ; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew P John
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - John A Murphy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
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135
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Hermosilla L, Calle P, García de la Vega JM. Modeling EPR parameters of nitrogen containing conjugated radical cations. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08758a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
DFT investigation on conjugated radical cations containing14N nucleus to obtain accurate isotropic hyperfine coupling constants.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Hermosilla
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | - P. Calle
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | - J. M. García de la Vega
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
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136
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Douglas J, Cole KP, Stephenson CRJ. Photoredox catalysis in a complex pharmaceutical setting: toward the preparation of JAK2 inhibitor LY2784544. J Org Chem 2014; 79:11631-43. [PMID: 25356724 PMCID: PMC4260666 DOI: 10.1021/jo502288q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We report a detailed investigation into the application of visible light-mediated photocatalysis to a challenging bond construction in a complex pharmaceutical target. The optimized reaction allowed the direct coupling of N-methylmorpholine with an unfunctionalized pyridazine in good yield and selectivity, and with high purity of the product isolated via crystallization. The reaction also facilitated the expedient synthesis of a range of analogues via the use of other commercially available N-methyl substituted tertiary amines, and therefore it represents an attractive tool for medicinal chemistry. Furthermore, a number of other interesting photoredox reactions were discovered during the course of this investigation, such as a formal methylation reaction via C-N bond cleavage, functionalization of C-H bonds alpha to amides, and a visible light-mediated iminium ion reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- James
J. Douglas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Small
Molecule Design and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Kevin P. Cole
- Small
Molecule Design and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Corey R. J. Stephenson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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