101
|
Toda Y, Kooguchi A, Sukegawa K, Kikuchi A, Suga H. Ring-fused hexahydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazines: synthesis, structure, and mechanistic studies on isolable rotational isomers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:700-703. [PMID: 36537160 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06170h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We designed conformationally stable rotational isomers around the C(sp2)-C(sp3) axis at the C3-position of hexahydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazines. Isolation of each rotamer by silica gel column chromatography was successfully achieved at room temperature. The proposed isomerization mechanism of the rotamers was supported by NMR kinetic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Toda
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1, Wakasato, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
| | - Airi Kooguchi
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1, Wakasato, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
| | - Kimiya Sukegawa
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1, Wakasato, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
| | - Ayaka Kikuchi
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1, Wakasato, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suga
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1, Wakasato, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Peng X, Rahim A, Peng W, Jiang F, Gu Z, Wen S. Recent Progress in Cyclic Aryliodonium Chemistry: Syntheses and Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1364-1416. [PMID: 36649301 PMCID: PMC9951228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hypervalent aryliodoumiums are intensively investigated as arylating agents. They are excellent surrogates to aryl halides, and moreover they exhibit better reactivity, which allows the corresponding arylation reactions to be performed under mild conditions. In the past decades, acyclic aryliodoniums are widely explored as arylation agents. However, the unmet need for acyclic aryliodoniums is the improvement of their notoriously low reaction economy because the coproduced aryl iodides during the arylation are often wasted. Cyclic aryliodoniums have their intrinsic advantage in terms of reaction economy, and they have started to receive considerable attention due to their valuable synthetic applications to initiate cascade reactions, which can enable the construction of complex structures, including polycycles with potential pharmaceutical and functional properties. Here, we are summarizing the recent advances made in the research field of cyclic aryliodoniums, including the nascent design of aryliodonium species and their synthetic applications. First, the general preparation of typical diphenyl iodoniums is described, followed by the construction of heterocyclic iodoniums and monoaryl iodoniums. Then, the initiated arylations coupled with subsequent domino reactions are summarized to construct polycycles. Meanwhile, the advances in cyclic aryliodoniums for building biaryls including axial atropisomers are discussed in a systematic manner. Finally, a very recent advance of cyclic aryliodoniums employed as halogen-bonding organocatalysts is described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Peng
- College
of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular
and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Province
Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou341000, P.R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation
Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen
University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou510060, P. R. China
| | - Abdur Rahim
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and
Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei230026, P. R. China
| | - Weijie Peng
- College
of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular
and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Province
Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou341000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Jiang
- College
of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular
and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Province
Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou341000, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Gu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and
Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei230026, P. R. China
| | - Shijun Wen
- State
Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation
Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen
University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou510060, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Huang F, Tao LF, Liu J, Qian L, Liao JY. Diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis of biaryl aldehydes bearing both axial and central chirality. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:4487-4490. [PMID: 36971075 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00708a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented method for the synthesis of biaryl aldehydes bearing both axial and central chirality is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fen Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Ling-Fei Tao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jiyong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Linghui Qian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jia-Yu Liao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Wen W, Guo Q. Atroposelective Construction of Triaryl α-Pyranones with 1,2-Diaxes by Asymmetric Organocatalysis. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202300007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
|
105
|
Zhang S, Wang X, Han LL, Li J, Liang Z, Wei D, Du D. Atroposelective Synthesis of Triaryl α-Pyranones with 1,2-Diaxes by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212005. [PMID: 36314469 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Atropisomers bearing multiple stereogenic axes are of increasing importance to the field of material science, pharmaceuticals, and catalysis. However, the atroposelective construction of multi-axis atropisomers remains rare and challenging, due to the intrinsical difficulties in the stereo-control of the multiple stereogenic axes. Herein, we demonstrate a single-step construction of a new class of 1,2-diaxially chiral triaryl α-pyranones by an N-heterocyclic carbene organocatalytic asymmetric [3+3] annulation of well-designed alkynyl acylazolium precursors and enolizable sterically hindered 2-aryl ketones. The protocol features broad substrate scope (>50 examples), excellent stereo-control (most cases >20 : 1 dr, up to 99.5 : 0.5 er), and potentially useful synthetic applications. The success of this reaction relies on the rational design of structurally matched reaction partners and the careful selection of the asymmetric catalytic system. DFT calculations have also been performed to discover and rationalize the origin of the high stereoselectivity of this reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Li-Li Han
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Ding Du
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Rodríguez-Salamanca P, de Gonzalo G, Carmona JA, López-Serrano J, Iglesias-Sigüenza J, Fernández R, Lassaletta JM, Hornillos V. Biocatalytic Atroposelective Synthesis of Axially Chiral N-Arylindoles via Dynamic Kinetic Resolution. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rodríguez-Salamanca
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gonzalo de Gonzalo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José A. Carmona
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joaquín López-Serrano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Javier Iglesias-Sigüenza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rosario Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José M. Lassaletta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Valentín Hornillos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
da Silva EM, Vidal HDA, Januário MAP, Corrêa AG. Advances in the Asymmetric Synthesis of BINOL Derivatives. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010012. [PMID: 36615207 PMCID: PMC9821997 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BINOL derivatives have shown relevant biological activities and are important chiral ligands and catalysts. Due to these properties, their asymmetric synthesis has attracted the interest of the scientific community. In this work, we present an overview of the most efficient methods to obtain chiral BINOLs, highlighting the use of metal complexes and organocatalysts as well as kinetic resolution. Further derivatizations of BINOLs are also discussed.
Collapse
|
108
|
Vázquez-Domínguez P, Romero-Arenas A, Fernández R, Lassaletta JM, Ros A. Ir-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroarylation of Alkynes for the Synthesis of Axially Chiral Heterobiaryls. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vázquez-Domínguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Romero-Arenas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Rosario Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - José María Lassaletta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Abel Ros
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Rose BT, Timmerman JC, Bawel SA, Chin S, Zhang H, Denmark SE. High-Level Data Fusion Enables the Chemoinformatically Guided Discovery of Chiral Disulfonimide Catalysts for Atropselective Iodination of 2-Amino-6-arylpyridines. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22950-22964. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brennan T. Rose
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IIllinois 61801, United States
| | - Jacob C. Timmerman
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Seth A. Bawel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IIllinois 61801, United States
| | - Steven Chin
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Scott E. Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IIllinois 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Watts OB, Berreur J, Collins BSL, Clayden J. Biocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Atropisomers. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:3362-3375. [PMID: 36343339 PMCID: PMC9730853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Atropisomeric compounds are found extensively as natural products, as ligands for asymmetric transition-metal catalysis, and increasingly as bioactive and pharmaceutically relevant targets. Their enantioselective synthesis is therefore an important ongoing research target. While a vast majority of known atropisomeric structures are (hetero)biaryls, which display hindered rotation around a C-C single bond, our group's long-standing interest in the control of molecular conformation has led to the identification and stereoselective preparation of a variety of other classes of "nonbiaryl" atropisomeric compounds displaying restricted rotation around C-C, C-N, C-O, and C-S single bonds.Biocatalytic transformations are finding increasing application in both academic and industrial contexts as a result of a significant broadening of the range of biocatalytic reactions and sources of enzymes available to the synthetic chemist. In this Account, we summarize the main biocatalytic strategies currently available for the asymmetric synthesis of biaryl, heterobiaryl, and nonbiaryl atropisomers. As is the case with more traditional synthetic approaches to these compounds, most biocatalytic methodologies for the construction of enantioenriched atropisomers follow one of two distinct strategies. The first of these is the direct asymmetric construction of atropisomeric bonds. Synthetically applicable biocatalytic methodologies for this type of transformation are limited, despite the extensive research into the biosynthesis of (hetero)biaryls by oxidative homocoupling or cross-coupling of electron-rich arenes. The second of these is the asymmetric transformation of a molecule in which the bond that will form the axis already exists, and this approach represents the majority of biocatalytic strategies available to the synthetic organic chemist. This strategy encompasses a variety of stereoselective techniques including kinetic resolution (KR), desymmetrization, dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR), and dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation (DYKAT).Nondynamic kinetic resolution (KR) of conformationally stable biaryl derivatives has provided the earliest and most numerous examples of synthetically useful methodologies for the enantioselective preparation of atropisomeric compounds. Lipases (i.e., enzymes that mediate the formation or hydrolysis of esters) are particularly effective and have attracted broad attention. This success has led researchers to broaden the scope of lipase-mediated transformations to desymmetrization reactions, in addition to a limited number of DKR and DYKAT examples. By contrast, our group has used redox enzymes, including an engineered galactose oxidase (GOase) and commercially available ketoreductases (KREDs), to desymmetrize prochiral atropisomeric diaryl ether and biaryl derivatives. Building on this experience and our long-standing interest in dynamic conformational processes, we later harnessed intramolecular noncovalent interactions to facilitate bond rotation at ambient temperatures, which allowed the development of the efficient DKR of heterobiaryl aldehydes using KREDs. With this Account we provide an overview of the current and prospective biocatalytic strategies available to the synthetic organic chemist for the enantioselective preparation of atropisomeric molecules.
Collapse
|
111
|
Gu J, Hong B, Xue X, Xi J, Gu Z. Synthesis of Atropisomers with Biaryl and Vinylaryl Chirality via Pd-Catalyzed Point-to-Axial Chirality Transfer Ring-Opening Reaction. Org Lett 2022; 24:9097-9101. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Biqiong Hong
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Xue
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Junwei Xi
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Gu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Bai G, Yang Y, Wang X, Wu J, Wang H, Ye X, Bao X. DBU Promoted Polysubstituted Arene Formation via a Michael Addition/Cyclization/Elimination Cascade Reaction. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238167. [PMID: 36500260 PMCID: PMC9738611 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The straightforward construction of polysubstituted arenes is essential in both synthetic chemistry and medicinal chemistry. Herein, we reported a DBU promoted Michael addition/cyclization/elimination cascade reaction between vinylogous malononitrile derivatives and chlorinated nitrostyrenes for the synthesis of polysubstituted arenes. The method features mild reaction conditions, wide substrate scope and high yield. Interestingly, preliminary study of the enantioselective version of this cascade was conducted to give chiral biaryl atropisomers with up to 40% ee through center-to-axial chirality transfer strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guishun Bai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xingyue Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jiamin Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Zhejiang International Sci-Tech Cooperation Base for the Exploitation and Utilization of Nature Product, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (X.Y.); (X.B.)
| | - Xinyi Ye
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Zhejiang International Sci-Tech Cooperation Base for the Exploitation and Utilization of Nature Product, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (X.Y.); (X.B.)
| | - Xiaoze Bao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Zhejiang International Sci-Tech Cooperation Base for the Exploitation and Utilization of Nature Product, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (X.Y.); (X.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Li L, Xi J, Hong B, Gu Z. From Peripheral Stereogenic Center to Axial Chirality: Synthesis of 3‐Arylthiophene Atropisomers. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Chemistry Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 People's Republic of China
| | - Junwei Xi
- Department of Chemistry Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 People's Republic of China
| | - Biqiong Hong
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering Minjiang University Fuzhou Fujian 350108 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Gu
- Department of Chemistry Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 People's Republic of China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering Minjiang University Fuzhou Fujian 350108 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Yan Q, Huang H, Si X. N,S-Chelating triazole-thioether palladium for the one-pot synthesis of biaryls. Aust J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/ch22116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In this work, for the one-pot two-step coupling reaction of aryl halides with bis(pinacol)diboron, we first applied a phosphorus-free N,S-chelated triazole sulfide palladium-catalyzed system. At the same time, we also carried out careful ligand design to explore the effect of the environment around the coordinating sulfur atom on the reaction. Experiments have shown that the N2-thioether substituted 1,2,3-triazlole palladium is an optimal catalyst The reaction could also reach up to quantitative yield in 4 h with only 1 mol% catalyst. Moreover, some low-activity aryl chlorides can also be coupled with bis(pinacolato)diboron under this catalytic system. We were able to obtain biaryls containing various functional groups in good to excellent yields.
Collapse
|
115
|
Hu P, Liu B, Wang F, Mi R, Li XX, Li X. A Stereodivergent–Convergent Chiral Induction Mode in Atroposelective Access to Biaryls via Rhodium-Catalyzed C–H Bond Activation. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panjie Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Bingxian Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Fen Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Ruijie Mi
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Li
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xingwei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Perveen S, Zhang S, Wang L, Song P, Ouyang Y, Jiao J, Duan X, Li P. Synthesis of Axially Chiral Biaryls via Enantioselective Ullmann Coupling of
ortho
‐Chlorinated Aryl Aldehydes Enabled by a Chiral 2,2′‐Bipyridine Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212108. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saima Perveen
- School of Chemistry Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 China
| | - Linghua Wang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 China
| | - Peidong Song
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 China
| | - Yizhao Ouyang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- School of Chemistry Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Xin‐Hua Duan
- School of Chemistry Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Pengfei Li
- School of Chemistry Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Cheng JK, Xiang SH, Tan B. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Molecules: Development of Strategies and Skeletons. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2920-2937. [PMID: 36177502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The growing importance of axially chiral architectures in different scientific domains has unveiled shortcomings in terms of efficient synthetic access and skeletal variety. This account describes our strategies in answering these challenges within the organocatalytic context where the emergence of bifunctional catalysts such as chiral phosphoric acids (CPAs) has proven invaluable in controlling the sense of axial chirality. The wide occurrence of bi(hetero)aryl skeletons in privileged structures constitutes a strong motivation to devise more effective arylation methods. Our design revolves around modulating the intrinsic nucleophilicity of aromatic amines and alcohols. The first approach involves the design of an electron-withdrawing activating group which could associate with the catalyst for reactivity enhancement and selectivity control. The resonance of arenes offers the unique mechanistic possibility to select between activating sites. C2-Azo- and nitroso-substituted naphthalenes undergo atroposelective ortho C- or N-arylation with (hetero)aromatic nucleophiles. For monocyclic benzenes, programmable charge localization leads to regioselective activation by catalytic control alone or aided by substrate design. For instance, selective addition to nitroso nitrogen enables successive annulation initiated by the amine to yield axially chiral N-arylbenzimidazoles. In a biomimetic manner, a finely tuned catalyst could direct a para-selective nucleophilic approach in the atroposelective arylation of azobenzenes. The second strategy employs electrophilic arene precursors for arylation which occurs via rearomatization with central-to-axial chirality transfer. This enabled the arylation of (imino)quinones with indoles to access phenylindole atropisomers. By adapting this chemistry with an additional oxidation event to liberate the carbonyl functionalities, aryl-o-naphthoquinone and aryl-p-quinone atropisomers were attained. Along with the development of new arylation strategies, deriving new axially chiral structures has been another consistent theme of our research program. The atroposelective functionalization of alkynes provides broad entry to atropisomeric alkenes. The monofunctionalization of alkynes through the interception of an electrophilic vinylidene-quinone-methide (VQM) intermediate with 2-naphthols yielded the new EBINOL scaffolds. By designing an internal directing group, the atroposelective dihalogenation of alkynes was realized using abundant alkali halides despite their weak nucleophilicities and poor solubilities. The atroposelective N-alkylation of alkenes was pursued to prepare multifunctionalized alkene atropisomers that could be converted into 2-arylpyrroles with chirality transfer. The synthesis of B-aryl-1,2-azaborines containing a C-B chiral axis was accomplished where the CPA catalyst effects the desymmetrization and defines the configuration of the distal C-B bond. Inspired by the axially chiral scaffold of allenes, we leveraged the developed arene activation strategy to achieve para-addition and dearomatization of judiciously designed azobenzenes, which led to structurally novel cyclohexadienylidene-based hydrazones. To complement these structures, axially chiral cyclohexadienyl oxime ethers were also attained through CPA-catalyzed condensation between hydroxylamines and spiro[4.5]trienones.
Collapse
|
118
|
Carlsson ACC, Karlsson S, Munday RH, Tatton MR. Approaches to Synthesis and Isolation of Enantiomerically Pure Biologically Active Atropisomers. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2938-2948. [PMID: 36194144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Atropisomerism is a stereochemical phenomenon exhibited by molecules containing a rotationally restricted σ bond. Contrary to classical point chirality, the two atropisomeric stereoisomers exist as a dynamic mixture and can be interconverted without the requirement of breaking and reforming a bond. Although this feature increases structural complexity, atropisomers have become frequent targets in medicinal chemistry projects. Their axial chirality, e.g., from axially chiral biaryl motifs, gives access to unique 3D structures. It is often desirable to have access to both enantiomers of the atropisomers via a nonselective reaction during the early discovery phase as it allows the medicinal chemistry team to probe the structure activity relationship in both directions. However, once a single atropisomer is selected, it presents several problems. First, the pure single atropisomer may interconvert to the undesired stereoisomer under certain conditions. Second, separation of atropisomers is nontrivial and often requires expensive chiral stationary phases using chromatography or additives if a salt resolution approach is chosen. Other options can be kinetic resolution using enzymes or chiral catalysts. However, apart from the high cost often associated with the two latter methods, a maximum yield of only 50% of the desired atropisomer can be obtained. The ideal approach is to install the chiral atropisomeric axis enantioselectively or employing a dynamic kinetic resolution approach. In theory, both approaches have the potential to provide a single atropisomer in quantitative yield. This Account will discuss the successes/failures and challenges we have experienced in developing methods for resolution/separation and asymmetric synthesis of atropisomeric drug candidates in one of our early phase drug development projects. Suitability for the different methods at various stages of the drug development phase is discussed. Depending on the scale and time available, a separation of a mixture of atropisomers by chromatography was sometimes preferred, whereas asymmetric- or resolution approaches were desired for long-term supply. With the use of chromatography, the impact on separation efficiency and solvent consumption, depending on the nature of the substrate, is discussed. We hope that with this Account the readers will get a better view on the challenges medicinal and process chemists meet when designing new atropisomeric drug candidates and developing processes for manufacture of a single atropisomer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Carin C Carlsson
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Staffan Karlsson
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Rachel H Munday
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca Macclesfield, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew R Tatton
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Macclesfield, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Gou B, Tang Y, Lin Y, Yu L, Jian Q, Sun H, Chen J, Zhou L. Modular Construction of Heterobiaryl Atropisomers and Axially Chiral Styrenes via All‐Carbon Tetrasubstituted VQMs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208174. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo‐Bo Gou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Yue Tang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Yan‐Hong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Le Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Qing‐Song Jian
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Huai‐Ri Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Qin W, Liu Y, Yan H. Enantioselective Synthesis of Atropisomers via Vinylidene ortho-Quinone Methides (VQMs). Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2780-2795. [PMID: 36121104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Atropisomers, arising from conformational restriction, are inherently chiral due to the intersecting dissymmetric planes. Since there are numerous applications of enantiopure atropisomers in catalyst design, drug discovery, and material science, the asymmetric preparation of these highly prized molecules has become a flourishing field in synthetic chemistry. A number of catalysts, synthetic procedures, and novel concepts have been developed for the manufacture of the atropisomeric molecules. However, due to the intrinsic properties of different types of atropisomers featuring biaryl, hetero-biaryl, or non-biaryl architectures, only very few methods pass the rigorous inspection and are considered generally applicable. The development of a broadly applicable synthetic strategy for various atropisomers is a challenge. In this Account, we summarize our recent studies on the enantioselective synthesis of atropisomers using the vinylidene ortho-quinone methides (VQMs) as pluripotent intermediates.The most appealing features of VQMs are the disturbed aromaticity and axial chirality of the allene fragment. At the outset, the applications of VQMs in organic synthesis have been neglected due to their principal liabilities: ephemeral nature, extraordinary reactivity, and multireaction sites. The domestication of this transient intermediate was demonstrated by in situ catalytic asymmetric generation of VQMs, and the reactivity and selectivity were fully explored by judiciously modifying precursors and tuning catalytic systems. A variety of axially chiral heterocycles were achieved through five-, six-, seven- and nine-membered ring formation of VQM intermediates with different kinds of branched nucleophilic functional groups. The axially chiral C-N axis could be constructed from VQM intermediates via N-annulation or desymmetrization of preformed C-N scaffolds. We take advantage of the high electrophilicity of VQMs toward a series of sulfur and carbon based nucleophiles leading to atropisomeric vinyl arenes. Furthermore, chiral helical compounds were realized by cycloaddition or consecutive annulation of VQM intermediates. These achievements demonstrated that the VQMs could work as a nuclear parent for the collective synthesis of distinct and complex optically active atropisomers. Recently, we have realized the isolation and structural characterization of the elusive VQMs, which were questioned as putative intermediates for decades. The successful isolation of VQMs provided direct evidence for their existence and an unprecedented opportunity to directly investigate their reactivity. The good thermal stability and reserved reactivity of the isolated VQMs demonstrated their great potential as synthetic reagents and expanded the border of VQM chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenling Qin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Yidong Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Hailong Yan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Niu C, Zhou Y, Chen Q, Zhu Y, Tang S, Yu ZX, Sun J. Atroposelective Synthesis of N-Arylindoles via Enantioselective N-H Bond Insertion. Org Lett 2022; 24:7428-7433. [PMID: 36190794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present here a rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric N-H insertion reaction, which is a concerted process revealed by DFT calculations, for the synthesis of novel axially chiral N-arylindoles by the reaction between indoles and diazonaphthoquinones. The reaction occurs at the N1 rather than C2/C3 positions of indoles, providing the chiral N-arylindoles in good yields and excellent enantiomeric ratios. Furthermore, this protocol is also amenable to the synthesis of chiral N-arylcarbazoles with excellent enantiocontrol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Niu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Shengbiao Tang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiangtao Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
An Y, Zhang XY, Ding YN, Li Y, Liu XY, Liang YM. Enantioselective Synthesis of Both Axially and Planar Chiral Ferrocenes via Axial-to-Planar Diastereoinduction. Org Lett 2022; 24:7294-7299. [PMID: 36178106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ferrocenes with planar chirality have emerged as an important class of scaffolds for ligands in asymmetric catalysis; however, ferrocene molecules with polychiral structures have not been well explored. Herein, both axially and planar chiral ferrocenes were synthesized via palladium/chiral norbornene cooperative catalysis and axial-to-planar diastereoinduction. In this work, chiral norbornene was used to stereoselectively control the aromatic axial chirality, and further selectivity induced C(sp2)-H activation for ferrocene planar chirality. Based on density functional theory calculations, the catalytic model of chiral norbornene with the substrate and the axial-to-planar diastereoinduction process were confirmed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang An
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Ya-Nan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yuke Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Modeling and Computation, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xue-Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Kotwal N, Tamanna, Chauhan P. Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of medium-sized bridged biaryls. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11031-11044. [PMID: 36124624 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04000j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the persistent presence of medium-sized (seven- to nine-membered) scaffolds in natural products and biologically active molecules, their asymmetric syntheses have always been considered a formidable task; therefore, they have remained underdeveloped when compared to the enantioselective synthesis of five- and six-membered ring scaffolds. One important class of such medium-sized ring frameworks includes seven- to nine-membered biaryl bridged carbo- and heterocycles. These medium-ring-sized biaryl frameworks possess more configurational stability than the related smaller ring structures and are common features of valuable natural products, bioactive compounds, chiral catalysts, and molecular motors. Due to these exciting properties and broad applications, over the last few years, the catalytic enantioselective synthesis of medium-sized bridged biaryls has seen an upsurge. This highlight article describes the development of organocatalysed and transition-metal catalysed transformations for procuring seven-, eight-, and nine-membered bridged biaryls bearing a chiral axis/one or more asymmetric carbon centres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Kotwal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti, NH-44, Nagrota Bypass, Jammu, 181221 J&K, India.
| | - Tamanna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti, NH-44, Nagrota Bypass, Jammu, 181221 J&K, India.
| | - Pankaj Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti, NH-44, Nagrota Bypass, Jammu, 181221 J&K, India.
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Bai XF, Cui YM, Cao J, Xu LW. Atropisomers with Axial and Point Chirality: Synthesis and Applications. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2545-2561. [PMID: 36083117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Enantiopure atropisomers have become increasingly important in asymmetric synthesis and catalysis, pharmaceutical science, and material science since the discovery of inherent features of axial chirality originating from rotational restriction. Despite the advances made in this field to date, it remains highly desirable to construct structurally diverse atropisomers with potentially useful functions. We propose superposition to match axial and point chirality as a potentially useful strategy to access structurally complex and diverse building blocks for organic synthesis and pharmaceutical science because merging atropisomeric backbones with one or more extra chiral elements can topologically broaden three-dimensional environments to create complex scaffolds with multiple tunable parameters. Over the past decade, we have successfully implemented a strategic design for the superposition of axial and point chirality to develop a series of enantiopure atropisomers and have utilized the synergistic functions of these molecules to enhance chirality transfer in various catalytic asymmetric transformations.In this Account, we present several novel atropisomers with superposed axial and point chirality developed in our laboratory. In our studies, this superposition strategy was used to design and synthesize both biaryl and non-biaryl atropisomers from commercially available chiral sources. Consequently, these atropisomers were used to demonstrate the importance of the synergetic functions of axial and point chirality in specific enantioselective reactions. For example, aromatic amide-derived atropisomers, simplified as Xing-Phos arrays, were broadly employed in Ag-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition by a series of reactions of aldiminoesters with activated alkenes and imines, as well as being used as chiral solvating agents for the discrimination of optically active mandelic acid derivatives. Considering the powerful potential of non-biaryl atropisomers for asymmetric catalysis, we also explored the transition-metal-catalyzed enantioselective construction of a novel backbone of non-biaryl atropisomers (Ar-alkene, Ar-N axis) bearing both axial and point chirality for the design and synthesis of chiral ligands and functional molecules.The studies presented herein are expected to stimulate further research efforts on the development of functional atropisomers by superposition of matching axial and point chirality. In addition to tunable electron and stereohindrance effects, the synergy between matching chiral elements of axial/point chirality and functional groups is proven to be a special function that cannot be ignored for promoting reactivity and chirality-transfer efficiency in enantioselective synthesis. Consequently, our novel types of scaffolds with superposed axial and point chirality that are capable of versatile coordination with various metal catalysts in asymmetric catalysis highlight the power of the superposition of matching axial and point chirality for the construction of synthetically useful atropisomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Feng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ming Cui
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Jian Cao
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Li-Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Yao C, Chen Y, Wang C, Sun R, Chang H, Jiang R, Li L, Wang X, Li YM. Binaphthyl-Proline Hybrid Chiral Ligands: Modular Design, Synthesis, and Enantioswitching in Cu(II)-Catalyzed Enantioselective Henry Reactions. J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yaoqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ruize Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Haotian Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ruiheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Ghosh B, Harariya MS, Mukherjee S. Catalytic Enantioselective
de novo
Construction of Chiral Arenes through Desymmetrizing Oxidative [4+2]‐Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204523. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biki Ghosh
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560 012 India
| | | | - Santanu Mukherjee
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560 012 India
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Luo Z, Wang W, Tang T, Zhang S, Huang F, Hu D, Tao L, Qian L, Liao J. Torsional Strain‐Independent Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Biaryl Atropisomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211303. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhang‐Hong Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Wen‐Tao Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Tian‐Yi Tang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Sen Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Fen Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Dan Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Ling‐Fei Tao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Linghui Qian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Jia‐Yu Liao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310018 China
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Han T, Zhang Z, Wang M, Xu L, Mei G. The Rational Design and Atroposelective Synthesis of Axially Chiral C2‐Arylpyrrole‐Derived Amino Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207517. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian‐Jiao Han
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Zheng‐Xu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo 255000 Shandong China
| | - Min‐Can Wang
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Li‐Ping Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo 255000 Shandong China
| | - Guang‐Jian Mei
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Snodgrass HM, Mondal D, Lewis JC. Directed Evolution of Flavin-Dependent Halogenases for Site- and Atroposelective Halogenation of 3-Aryl-4(3 H)-Quinazolinones via Kinetic or Dynamic Kinetic Resolution. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16676-16682. [PMID: 36044712 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we engineer a variant of the flavin-dependent halogenase RebH that catalyzes site- and atroposelective halogenation of 3-aryl-4(3H)-quinazolinones via kinetic or dynamic kinetic resolution. The required directed evolution uses a combination of random and site-saturation mutagenesis, substrate walking using two probe substrates, and a two-tiered screening approach involving the analysis of variant conversion and then enantioselectivity of improved variants. The resulting variant, 3-T, provides >99:1 e.r. for the (M)-atropisomer of the major brominated product, 25-fold improved conversion, and 91-fold improved site selectivity relative to the parent enzyme on the probe substrate used in the final rounds of evolution. This high activity and selectivity translate well to several additional substrates with varied steric and electronic properties. Computational modeling and docking simulations are used to rationalize the effects of key mutations on substrate binding. Given the range of substrates that have been used for atroposelective synthesis via electrophilic halogenation in the literature, these results suggest that flavin-dependent halogenases (FDHs) could find many additional applications for atroposelective catalysis. More broadly, this study highlights how RebH can be engineered to accept structurally diverse substrates that enable its use for enantioselective catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harrison M Snodgrass
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Dibyendu Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jared C Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
A Modular Approach to Atropisomeric Bisphosphines of Diversified Electronic Density on Phosphorus Atoms. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175504. [PMID: 36080294 PMCID: PMC9457989 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The series of C2-symmetric biaryl core-based non-racemic bisphosphines possessing substituents of different electronic properties: both EDG and EWG were obtained in a short sequence of good yielding transformations, started from commercial 1,3-dimethyl-2-nitrobenzene. Several different approaches leading to the desirable ligands were practically evaluated. Notably, the synthesis of the entire series of ligands could be performed with the utilization of a single early-stage precursor DIDAB (6,6’-diiodo-2,2’,4,4’-tetramethylbiphenyl-3,3’-diamine), which could be easily obtained in enantiomerically pure form. The obtained compounds at concentrations of 50 and 200 µM showed various biological activity against normal human dermal fibroblast, ranging from inactivity through time-dependent action and ending up with high toxicity.
Collapse
|
131
|
Luo ZH, Wang WT, Tang TY, Zhang S, Huang F, Hu D, Tao LF, Qian L, Liao JY. Torsional Strain‐Independent Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Biaryl Atropisomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202211303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Hong Luo
- Zhejiang University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine CHINA
| | - Wen-Tao Wang
- Zhejiang University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine CHINA
| | - Tian-Yi Tang
- Zhejiang University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine CHINA
| | - Sen Zhang
- Zhejiang University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine CHINA
| | - Fen Huang
- Zhejiang University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine CHINA
| | - Dan Hu
- Zhejiang University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine CHINA
| | - Ling-Fei Tao
- Zhejiang University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine CHINA
| | - Linghui Qian
- Zhejiang University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine CHINA
| | - Jia-Yu Liao
- Zhejiang University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences 866 Yuhangtang Road 310058 Hangzhou CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Corti V, Thøgersen MK, Enemærke VJ, Rezayee NM, Barløse CL, Anker Jørgensen K. Construction of C‐N Atropisomers by Aminocatalytic Enantioselective Addition of Indole‐2‐carboxaldehydes to
o
‐Quinone Derivatives. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202395. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasco Corti
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Aarhus 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | | | | | - Nomaan M. Rezayee
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Aarhus 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Casper L. Barløse
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Aarhus 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
133
|
Cen S, Huang N, Lian D, Shen A, Zhao MX, Zhang Z. Conformational enantiodiscrimination for asymmetric construction of atropisomers. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4735. [PMID: 35961985 PMCID: PMC9374765 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32432-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular conformations induced by the rotation about single bonds play a crucial role in chemical transformations. Revealing the relationship between the conformations of chiral catalysts and the enantiodiscrimination is a formidable challenge due to the great difficulty in isolating the conformers. Herein, we report a chiral catalytic system composed of an achiral catalytically active unit and an axially chiral 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) unit which are connected via a C-O single bond. The two conformers of the catalyst induced by the rotation about the C-O bond, are determined via single-crystal X-ray diffraction and found to respectively lead to the formation of highly important axially chiral 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diamine (BINAM) and 2-amino-2'-hydroxy-1,1'-binaphthyl (NOBIN) derivatives in high yields (up to 98%), with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98:2 e.r.) and opposite absolute configurations. The results highlight the importance of conformational dynamics of chiral catalysts in asymmetric catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shouyi Cen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Nini Huang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Dongsheng Lian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ahui Shen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Mei-Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Gou BB, Tang Y, Lin YH, Yu L, Jian QS, Sun HR, Chen J, Zhou L. Modular Construction of Heterobiaryl Atropisomers and Axially Chiral Styrenes via All‐Carbon Tetrasubstituted VQMs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Bo Gou
- Northwest University College of Chemistry & Materials Science CHINA
| | - Yue Tang
- Northwest University College of Chemistry & Materials Science CHINA
| | - Yan-Hong Lin
- Northwest University College of Chemistry & Materials Science CHINA
| | - Le Yu
- Northwest University College of Chemistry & Materials Science CHINA
| | - Qing-Song Jian
- Northwest University College of Chemistry & Materials Science CHINA
| | - Huai-Ri Sun
- Northwest University College of Chemistry & Materials Science CHINA
| | - Jie Chen
- Northwest University College of Chemistry & Materials Science CHINA
| | - Ling Zhou
- Northwest University College of Chemistry & Materials Science 1 Xuefu Ave., Chang’an District 710127 Xi'an CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Li S, Xu JL, Xu YH. Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrosilylation of Allenes to Access Axially Chiral (Cyclohexylidene)ethyl Silanes. Org Lett 2022; 24:6054-6059. [PMID: 35948075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel strategy of copper-catalyzed regio- and enantioselective hydrosilylation of 4-substituted vinylidenecyclohexanes with silanes was developed. In this protocol, various allenes and silanes were used to afford the corresponding (cyclohexylidene)ethyl silanes in moderate to high yields with good enantioselectivities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Lin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yun-He Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Gan KB, Zhong RL, Zhang ZW, Kwong FY. Atropisomeric Phosphine Ligands Bearing C-N Axial Chirality: Applications in Enantioselective Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Towards the Assembly of Tetra- ortho-Substituted Biaryls. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14864-14873. [PMID: 35921609 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biaryl phosphines bearing C(Ar)-C(Ar) axial chirality are commonly known and have been successfully applied in many asymmetric catalyses. Nevertheless, the development of a chiral ligand having an axially chiral C(Ar)-N backbone remains elusive due to its undesirable less restricted rotational barrier. In fact, it is highly attractive to overcome this challenge in ligand development as the incorporation of an N-donor component at the chiral axis is more favorable toward the transient metal coordination, and thus, a better outcome of stereocommunication is anticipated to the approaching substrates. Herein, we present a rational design of a new collection of chiral phosphines featuring a C-N axial chirality and their applications in enantioselective Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling for accessing highly steric hindered tetra-ortho-substituted biaryls (26 examples up to 98:2 er). It is worth noting that the embodied carbazolyl framework is crucial to succeed the reaction, by the fruitful steric relief of bulky substrate coordination and transmetalation via a fleeting Pd-N jumping to Pd-π fashion. DFT calculation reveals an interesting Pd-arene-walking characteristic across the carbazolyl plane for attaining a lower energy-preferred route in a catalytic cycle. The theoretical study successfully predicts the stereooutcome and matches the enantioselectivity with the experimental results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kin Boon Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Rong-Lin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China.,Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Zhen-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China.,College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Zhuang Yao Medicine Center of Engineering and Technology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Fuk Yee Kwong
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Du JY, Balan T, Claridge TDW, Smith MD. Counterion-Mediated Enantioconvergent Synthesis of Axially Chiral Medium Rings. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14790-14797. [PMID: 35921549 PMCID: PMC9394463 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There are few enantioconvergent reactions in which racemic substrates bearing multiple stereochemical features are converted into products with high levels of diastereo- and enantiocontrol. Here, we disclose a process for the highly enantio- and diastereoselective syntheses of medium ring lactams via an intramolecular counterion-directed C-alkylation reaction. The treatment of racemic biaryl anilides that exist as a complex mixture of enantiomers and diastereoisomeric conformers by virtue of multiple axes of restricted rotation with a quinidine-derived ammonium salt under basic conditions affords medium ring lactams bearing elements of both axial and point chirality via an enolate-driven configurational relaxation process. Thermal equilibration of the syn- and anti-product diasteroisomers has demonstrated that the barriers to bowl inversion are >124 kJ mol-1. We propose that the chiral ammonium salt differentiates between a complex and rapidly equilibrating mixture of enolate and rotational isomers, ultimately leading to highly enantioselective alkylative ring closure. This dynamic and enantioconvergent process offers an operationally simple approach to the synthesis of valuable chiral medium ring lactams for which there are few catalytic and enantioselective approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yuan Du
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Tudor Balan
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Tim D W Claridge
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Martin D Smith
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Liang D, Xiao W, Lakhdar S, Chen J. Construction of axially chiral compounds via catalytic asymmetric radical reaction. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
|
139
|
Ghosh B, Harariya MS, Mukherjee S. Catalytic Enantioselective de novo Construction of Chiral Arenes through Desymmetrizing Oxidative [4+2]‐Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biki Ghosh
- IISc: Indian Institute of Science Department of Organic Chemistry C V Raman Road 560012 Bangalore INDIA
| | - Mahesh Singh Harariya
- IISc: Indian Institute of Science Department of Organic Chemistry C V Raman Road 560012 Bangalore INDIA
| | - Santanu Mukherjee
- Indian Institute of Science Department of Organic Chemistry C V Raman Avenue 560012 Bangalore INDIA
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Xu G, Han Z, Guo L, Lu H, Gao H. Transition-Metal-Free Cascade Approach for the Synthesis of Functionalized Biaryls by S NAr of Arylhydroxylamines with Arylsulfonium Salts. J Org Chem 2022; 87:10449-10453. [PMID: 35831025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a transition-metal-free protocol for the synthesis of functionalized biaryls through nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) of arylhydroxylamines to arylsulfonium salts. With this protocol, structurally diverse functionalized biaryls were obtained smoothly in moderate to good yields. Merits of this transformation include mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, great functional group tolerance, feasibility of a one-pot procedure, and ease of handing and scale-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaofei Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 27 South Shanda Road, Ji'nan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Zongtao Han
- Shandong Weifang Rainbow Chemical Co., Ltd., Weifang 262737, China
| | - Lirong Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 27 South Shanda Road, Ji'nan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Haifeng Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 27 South Shanda Road, Ji'nan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Hongyin Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 27 South Shanda Road, Ji'nan 250100, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Zhang J, Fan J, Wu Y, Guo Z, Wu J, Xie M. Pd-Catalyzed Atroposelective C–H Acyloxylation Enabling Access to an Axially Chiral Biaryl Phenol Organocatalyst. Org Lett 2022; 24:5143-5148. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jitan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Jian Fan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yehe Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Ziyi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Jiaping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Meihua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Saunthwal RK, Saini KM, Grimblat N, Danodia AK, Kumar S, Gandon V, Verma AK. Expedient Access to Polyaromatic Biaryls by Unconventional Ag-Catalyzed Cycloaromatization of Alkynylthiophenes and Au-Catalyzed Double C-H Activation. Org Lett 2022; 24:5018-5022. [PMID: 35799326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
An unconventional approach for the regioselective synthesis of polyaromatic biaryls via site-selective Ag-catalyzed twofold electrophilic cycloisomerization followed by Au-catalyzed double C-H activation is described. The developed process allows the synthesis of highly decorated biaryls with excellent regioselectivity. As revealed by DFT computations, the reaction represents a rare example of C1-C5 endo-exo and C1-C6 endo-endo cycloaromatization. The formation of the 6-membered ring is predicted to be the fruit of an uncommon SEAr on a vinyl carbocation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicolas Grimblat
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), CNRS UMR 9168, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France.,Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531 (S2002LRK), Rosario, República Argentina
| | | | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Vincent Gandon
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), CNRS UMR 9168, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France.,Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Akhilesh K Verma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India.,Institution of Eminence, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Cui L, Shinjo H, Ichiki T, Deyama K, Harada T, Ishibashi K, Ehara T, Miyata K, Onda K, Hisaeda Y, Ono T. Highly Fluorescent Bipyrrole-Based Tetra-BF 2 Flag-Hinge Chromophores: Achieving Multicolor and Circularly Polarized Luminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204358. [PMID: 35511507 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the facile syntheses of tetra-boron difluoride (tetra-BF2 ) complexes, flag-hinge-like molecules that exhibit intense green-to-orange luminescence in solution and yellow-to-red emission in the solid states. Single-crystal structure analysis and density functional theory calculations suggested a bent structure of this series of compounds. The complexes also exhibited excellent optical properties, with quantum yields reaching 100 % and a large Stokes shift. These properties were attributed to the altered bending angle of the molecule in the S1 excited state. As the rotational motion was suppressed around the 2,2'-bipyrrole axis, atropisomers with axial chirality were formed, which are optically resolvable into (R) and (S)-enantiomers through a chiral column. The atropisomers thus function as circularly polarized luminescent (CPL) materials, in which the color (green, green-yellow, and yellow) can be varied by controlling the aggregation state. This rational design of multi-BF2 complexes can potentially realize novel photofunctional materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luxia Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hyuga Shinjo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ichiki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Koichi Deyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takunori Harada
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita City, 870-1192, Japan
| | - Kohei Ishibashi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita City, 870-1192, Japan
| | - Takumi Ehara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Miyata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ken Onda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hisaeda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ono
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Liu J, Li Q, Shao Y, Sun J. Atroposelective Synthesis of Axially Chiral C2-Arylindoles via Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric C-H Bond Insertion. Org Lett 2022; 24:4670-4674. [PMID: 35730740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient rhodium-catalyzed formal C-H insertion reaction between indoles and 1-diazonaphthoquinones has been established, providing a novel protocol for the atroposelective synthesis of axially chiral C2-arylindoles (up to 99:1 er) under mild reaction conditions. Typically, only 1 mol % of Rh2(S-PTTL)4 is used and the chelation group is not needed for this conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junheng Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Qiongya Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Ying Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jiangtao Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Zhu S, Mao JH, Cheng JK, Xiang SH, Tan B. Discovery and organocatalytic enantioselective construction of axially chiral cyclohexadienylidene skeletons. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
146
|
Zhang S, Luo ZH, Wang WT, Qian L, Liao JY. Simultaneous Construction of C-N Axial and Central Chirality via Silver-Catalyzed Desymmetrizative [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Prochiral N-Aryl Maleimides with Activated Isocyanides. Org Lett 2022; 24:4645-4649. [PMID: 35724978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report an unprecedented strategy for the simultaneous construction of a remote C-N stereogenic axis and three contiguous stereogenic carbon centers via silver-catalyzed desymmetrizative [3 + 2] cycloaddition of prochiral N-aryl maleimides with activated isocyanides. This method features operational simplicity, wide substrate scope, high efficiency, and good to excellent stereoselectivity. Notably, it represents the first example of catalytic enantioselective synthesis of C-N atropisomers with the use of activated isocyanides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, 310058
| | - Zhang-Hong Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, 310058
| | - Wen-Tao Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, 310058
| | - Linghui Qian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, 310058
| | - Jia-Yu Liao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, 310058.,Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, 310018
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Han TJ, Zhang ZX, Wang MC, Xu LP, Mei GJ. The Rational Design and Atroposelective Synthesis of Axially Chiral C2‐Arylpyrrole‐Derived Amino Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zheng-Xu Zhang
- Shandong University of Technology College of Chemistry CHINA
| | | | - Li-Ping Xu
- Shandong University of Technology College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Guang-Jian Mei
- Zhengzhou University Chemistry Zhengzhou 450001 450001 Zhengzhou CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Yokose D, Nagashima Y, Kinoshita S, Nogami J, Tanaka K. Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Styrene‐Carboxylic Esters by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Chelation‐Controlled [2+2+2] Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202542. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yokose
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Yuki Nagashima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Suzuka Kinoshita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Juntaro Nogami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Zhang X, Zhao K, Gu Z. Transition Metal-Catalyzed Biaryl Atropisomer Synthesis via a Torsional Strain Promoted Ring-Opening Reaction. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:1620-1633. [PMID: 35647705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusArising from the restricted rotation of a single bond caused by steric or electronic effects, atropisomerism is one of the few fundamental categories for molecules to manifest their three-dimensional characters into which axially chiral biaryl compounds fall. Despite the widespread occurrence of axially chiral skeletons in natural products, bioactive molecules, and chiral ligands/organocatalysts, catalytic asymmetric methods for the synthesis of these structures still lag behind demand. Major challenges for the preparation of these chiral biaryls include accessing highly sterically hindered variants while controlling the stereoselectivity. A couple of useful strategies have emerged for the direct asymmetric synthesis of these molecules in the last two decades.Recently, we have engaged in catalytic asymmetric synthesis of biaryl atropisomers via transition metal catalysis, including asymmetric ring-openings of dibenzo cyclic compounds. During these studies, we serendipitously discovered that the two substituents adjacent to the axis cause these dibenzo cyclic molecules to be distorted to minimize steric repulsion. The distorted compounds display higher reactivity in the ring-opening reactions than the non-distorted molecules. In other words, torsional strain can promote a ring-opening reaction. On the basis of this concept, we have successfully realized the catalytic asymmetric ring-opening reaction of cyclic diaryliodoniums, dibenzo silanes, and 9H-fluoren-9-ols, which delivered several differently substituted ortho tetra-substituted biaryl atropisomers in high enantioselectivity. The torsional strain not only activates the substrates toward ring-opening under mild conditions but also changes the chemoselectivity of bond-breaking events. In the palladium-catalyzed carboxylation of S-aryl dibenzothiophenium, the torsional strain inversed the bond selectivity from exocyclic C-S bond cleavage to the ring-opening reaction.In this Account, we summarize our studies on copper-, rhodium-, or palladium-catalyzed asymmetric ring-opening reactions of dibenzo cyclic compounds as a useful collection of methods for the straightforward preparation of ortho tetra-substituted biaryl atropisomers with high enantiopurity on the basis of the above-mentioned torsional strain-promoted ring-opening coupling strategy. In the last part, the torsional strain energies are also discussed with the aid of density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Gu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Cui L, Shinjo H, Ichiki T, Deyama K, Harada T, Ishibashi K, Ehara T, Miyata K, Onda K, Hisaeda Y, Ono T. Highly Fluorescent Bipyrrole‐Based Tetra‐BF
2
Flag‐Hinge Chromophores: Achieving Multicolor and Circularly Polarized Luminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luxia Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Hyuga Shinjo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Takafumi Ichiki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Koichi Deyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Takunori Harada
- Faculty of Science and Technology Graduate School of Engineering Oita University 700 Dannoharu Oita City 870-1192 Japan
| | - Kohei Ishibashi
- Faculty of Science and Technology Graduate School of Engineering Oita University 700 Dannoharu Oita City 870-1192 Japan
| | - Takumi Ehara
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Miyata
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Ken Onda
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yoshio Hisaeda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ono
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| |
Collapse
|