101
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Laudadio G, de Smet W, Struik L, Cao Y, Noël T. Design and application of a modular and scalable electrochemical flow microreactor. J Flow Chem 2018; 8:157-165. [PMID: 30931153 PMCID: PMC6404740 DOI: 10.1007/s41981-018-0024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemistry constitutes a mild, green and versatile activation method of organic molecules. Despite these innate advantages, its widespread use in organic chemistry has been hampered due to technical limitations, such as mass and heat transfer limitations which restraints the scalability of electrochemical methods. Herein, we describe an undivided-cell electrochemical flow reactor with a flexible reactor volume. This enables its use in two different modes, which are highly relevant for flow chemistry applications, including a serial (volume ranging from 88 μL/channel up to 704 μL) or a parallel mode (numbering-up). The electrochemical flow reactor was subsequently assessed in two synthetic transformations, which confirms its versatility and scale-up potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Laudadio
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Synthetic Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Rondom 70 (Helix, STO 1.37), 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter de Smet
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Synthetic Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Rondom 70 (Helix, STO 1.37), 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Struik
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Synthetic Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Rondom 70 (Helix, STO 1.37), 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Yiran Cao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Synthetic Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Rondom 70 (Helix, STO 1.37), 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Synthetic Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Rondom 70 (Helix, STO 1.37), 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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102
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Chen Y, Leonardi M, Dingwall P, Labes R, Pasau P, Blakemore DC, Ley SV. Photochemical Homologation for the Preparation of Aliphatic Aldehydes in Flow. J Org Chem 2018; 83:15558-15568. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiding Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Marco Leonardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
- Departmento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul Dingwall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Ricardo Labes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Patrick Pasau
- UCB Biopharma SPRL, Chemical Research R5, Chemin du Foriest, 1420 Braine-L’Alleud, Belgium
| | - David C. Blakemore
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Steven V. Ley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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103
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Vilé G, Schmidt G, Richard-Bildstein S, Abele S. Enantiospecific cyclization of methyl N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-N-(3-chloropropyl)-D-alaninate to 2-methylproline derivative via ‘memory of chirality’ in flow. J Flow Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-018-0022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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104
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105
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Schotten C, Howard JL, Jenkins RL, Codina A, Browne DL. A continuous flow-batch hybrid reactor for commodity chemical synthesis enabled by inline NMR and temperature monitoring. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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106
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Nekkaa I, Palkó M, Mándity IM, Miklós F, Fülöp F. Continuous-Flow retro-Diels-Alder Reaction: A Process Window for Designing Heterocyclic Scaffolds. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imane Nekkaa
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Eötvös u. 6 6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - Márta Palkó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Eötvös u. 6 6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - István M. Mándity
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Eötvös u. 6 6720 Szeged Hungary
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Semmelweis University; Hogyes Endre u. 7 1092 Budapest Hungary
- MTA TTK Lendület Artificial Transporter Research Group; Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Magyar Tudosok krt. 2 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Ferenc Miklós
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Eötvös u. 6 6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Eötvös u. 6 6720 Szeged Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Eötvös u. 6 6720 Szeged Hungary
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107
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Wei XJ, Noël T. Visible-Light Photocatalytic Difluoroalkylation-Induced 1, 2-Heteroarene Migration of Allylic Alcohols in Batch and Flow. J Org Chem 2018; 83:11377-11384. [PMID: 30020781 PMCID: PMC6154216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A convenient method for the preparation
of sp3-rich
heterocycles is reported. The method comprises a photocatalytic difluoroalkylation-induced
1,2-heteroarene migration of allylic alcohols. Here we describe for
the first time the benefits of using flow to facilitate such migration
reactions, including shorter reaction times, higher selectivities,
and opportunities to scale the chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Wei
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology , Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2 , 5612 AZ Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology , Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2 , 5612 AZ Eindhoven , The Netherlands
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108
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Born SC, Edwards CE, Martin B, Jensen KF. Continuous, on-demand generation and separation of diphenylphosphoryl azide. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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109
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Hohmann L, Löbnitz L, Menke C, Santhirakumaran B, Stier P, Stenger F, Dufour F, Wiese G, zur Horst-Meyer SZ, Kusserow B, Zang W, Nirschl H, Kockmann N. Continuous Downstream Processing of Amino Acids in a Modular Miniplant. Chem Eng Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201700657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Hohmann
- TU Dortmund University; Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering (BCI); Laboratory of Equipment Design; Emil-Figge-Strasse 68 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Lisa Löbnitz
- TU Dortmund University; Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering (BCI); Laboratory of Equipment Design; Emil-Figge-Strasse 68 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Christina Menke
- TU Dortmund University; Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering (BCI); Laboratory of Equipment Design; Emil-Figge-Strasse 68 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Bavatharani Santhirakumaran
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics (MVM); Strasse am Forum 8 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Patrick Stier
- Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH; Rodenbacher Chaussee 4 63457 Hanau-Wolfgang Germany
| | - Frank Stenger
- Evonik Technology & Infrastructure GmbH; Rodenbacher Chaussee 4 63457 Hanau-Wolfgang Germany
| | - Fabrice Dufour
- Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH; Rodenbacher Chaussee 4 63457 Hanau-Wolfgang Germany
| | - Georg Wiese
- SONOTEC Ultraschallsenorik Halle GmbH; Naundorfer Strasse 2 06112 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | | | | | - Werner Zang
- HiTec Zang GmbH; Ebertstrasse 28-32 52134 Herzogenrath Germany
| | - Hermann Nirschl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics (MVM); Strasse am Forum 8 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Norbert Kockmann
- TU Dortmund University; Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering (BCI); Laboratory of Equipment Design; Emil-Figge-Strasse 68 44227 Dortmund Germany
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110
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Laudadio G, Govaerts S, Wang Y, Ravelli D, Koolman HF, Fagnoni M, Djuric SW, Noël T. Selective C(sp 3 )-H Aerobic Oxidation Enabled by Decatungstate Photocatalysis in Flow. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:4078-4082. [PMID: 29451725 PMCID: PMC5900731 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A mild and selective C(sp3 )-H aerobic oxidation enabled by decatungstate photocatalysis has been developed. The reaction can be significantly improved in a microflow reactor enabling the safe use of oxygen and enhanced irradiation of the reaction mixture. Our method allows for the oxidation of both activated and unactivated C-H bonds (30 examples). The ability to selectively oxidize natural scaffolds, such as (-)-ambroxide, pregnenolone acetate, (+)-sclareolide, and artemisinin, exemplifies the utility of this new method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Laudadio
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ChemistryMicro Flow Chemistry and Process TechnologyEindhoven University of TechnologyDen Dolech 25612AZEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Govaerts
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ChemistryMicro Flow Chemistry and Process TechnologyEindhoven University of TechnologyDen Dolech 25612AZEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Ying Wang
- Discovery Chemistry and TechnologiesAbbVie Inc.1 North Waukegan RoadNorth ChicagoIllinois60064USA
| | - Davide Ravelli
- PhotoGreen LabDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of PaviaViale Taramelli 1227100PaviaItaly
| | - Hannes F. Koolman
- Discovery Chemistry and TechnologiesAbbVie Inc.1 North Waukegan RoadNorth ChicagoIllinois60064USA
- Current affiliation: Medicinal ChemistryBoehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KGBirkendorfer Strasse 6588397Biberach an der RissGermany
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen LabDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of PaviaViale Taramelli 1227100PaviaItaly
| | - Stevan W. Djuric
- Discovery Chemistry and TechnologiesAbbVie Inc.1 North Waukegan RoadNorth ChicagoIllinois60064USA
| | - Timothy Noël
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ChemistryMicro Flow Chemistry and Process TechnologyEindhoven University of TechnologyDen Dolech 25612AZEindhovenThe Netherlands
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111
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van Schie MMCH, Pedroso de Almeida T, Laudadio G, Tieves F, Fernández-Fueyo E, Noël T, Arends IWCE, Hollmann F. Biocatalytic synthesis of the Green Note trans-2-hexenal in a continuous-flow microreactor. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:697-703. [PMID: 29719567 PMCID: PMC5905246 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The biocatalytic preparation of trans-hex-2-enal from trans-hex-2-enol using a novel aryl alcohol oxidase from Pleurotus eryngii (PeAAOx) is reported. As O2-dependent enzyme PeAAOx-dependent reactions are generally plagued by the poor solubility of O2 in aqueous media and mass transfer limitations resulting in poor reaction rates. These limitations were efficiently overcome by conducting the reaction in a flow-reactor setup reaching unpreceded catalytic activities for the enzyme in terms of turnover frequency (up to 38 s−1) and turnover numbers (more than 300000) pointing towards preparative usefulness of the proposed reaction scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten M C H van Schie
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Tiago Pedroso de Almeida
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriele Laudadio
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Tieves
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Timothy Noël
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel W C E Arends
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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112
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Laudadio G, Govaerts S, Wang Y, Ravelli D, Koolman HF, Fagnoni M, Djuric SW, Noël T. Selective C(sp3
)−H Aerobic Oxidation Enabled by Decatungstate Photocatalysis in Flow. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Laudadio
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry; Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology; Eindhoven University of Technology; Den Dolech 2 5612 AZ Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Govaerts
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry; Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology; Eindhoven University of Technology; Den Dolech 2 5612 AZ Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Ying Wang
- Discovery Chemistry and Technologies; AbbVie Inc.; 1 North Waukegan Road North Chicago Illinois 60064 USA
| | - Davide Ravelli
- PhotoGreen Lab; Department of Chemistry; University of Pavia; Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Hannes F. Koolman
- Discovery Chemistry and Technologies; AbbVie Inc.; 1 North Waukegan Road North Chicago Illinois 60064 USA
- Current affiliation: Medicinal Chemistry; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG; Birkendorfer Strasse 65 88397 Biberach an der Riss Germany
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab; Department of Chemistry; University of Pavia; Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Stevan W. Djuric
- Discovery Chemistry and Technologies; AbbVie Inc.; 1 North Waukegan Road North Chicago Illinois 60064 USA
| | - Timothy Noël
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry; Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology; Eindhoven University of Technology; Den Dolech 2 5612 AZ Eindhoven The Netherlands
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113
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Escribà-Gelonch M, Noël T, Hessel V. Microflow High-p,T Intensification of Vitamin D 3 Synthesis Using an Ultraviolet Lamp. Org Process Res Dev 2018; 22:147-155. [PMID: 29503521 PMCID: PMC5828710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herewith a new process concept for synthesis is presented which combines both UV-photoirradiation and high-p,T intensification (photo-high-p,T) in continuous flow. The application of this procedure to Vitamin D3 synthesis promotes thermal shifting of the equilibrium from the reaction intermediate to the product. This is enabled by microreactors which allow operation under harsh conditions such as the high temperature used here. This provides, to our best knowledge, a new kind of process combination (novel process window). As a result, in less than 1 min, 42% conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol can be achieved giving a 17% yield and 40% selectivity of Vitamin D3. This approach enhances productivity by up to 2 orders of magnitude compared with the current capillary based vitamin D3 synthesis, because, under the microflow conditions, photochemistry can be performed at fairly high concentration and up to 20 times faster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Escribà-Gelonch
- Micro Flow Chemistry and
Process Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Micro Flow Chemistry and
Process Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Volker Hessel
- Micro Flow Chemistry and
Process Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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114
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Nekkaa I, Palkó M, Mándity IM, Fülöp F. Continuous-flow retro-Diels-Alder reaction: an efficient method for the preparation of pyrimidinone derivatives. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:318-324. [PMID: 29507637 PMCID: PMC5815275 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The syntheses of various pyrimidinones as potentially bioactive products by means of the highly controlled continuous-flow retro-Diels-Alder reaction of condensed pyrimidinone derivatives are presented. Noteworthy, the use of this approach allowed us to rapidly screen a selection of conditions and quickly confirm the viability of preparing the desired pyrimidinones in short reaction times. Yields typically higher than those published earlier using conventional batch or microwave processes were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Nekkaa
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Márta Palkó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István M Mándity
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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115
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Enevoldsen MV, Overgaard J, Pedersen MS, Lindhardt AT. Organocatalyzed Decarboxylative Trichloromethylation of Morita-Baylis-Hillman Adducts in Batch and Continuous Flow. Chemistry 2018; 24:1204-1208. [PMID: 29168579 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Two protocols for the organocatalyzed decarboxylative trichloromethylation of Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) substrates have been developed. Applying sodium trichloroacetate, as the trichloromethyl anion precursor, in combination with an organocatalyst and acetylated MBH-alcohols, the desired trichloromethylated products were obtained in good yields at room temperature in batch. The method was next extrapolated into a two-step continuous flow protocol, starting directly from the MBH alcohols, in combination with tributylamine acting both as base and catalyst. The flow process proved superior to the batch approach, reducing the reaction time from 16 hours to only 20 minutes, with increased yields for all investigated entries. Two examples were also taken to scale-up in flow producing more than 10 grams of both trichloromethylated targets. Finally, substitution of the organocatalyst to (DHQ)2 PHAL or (DHQD)2 PHAL induced chiral transfer to the generated stereocenter in the reaction attaining selectivities with nearly 90 % ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin V Enevoldsen
- Department of Engineering, Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Hangøvej 2, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jacob Overgaard
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Materials Crystallography (CMC)., Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Maja S Pedersen
- Department of Engineering, Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Hangøvej 2, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Anders T Lindhardt
- Department of Engineering, Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Hangøvej 2, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
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116
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Nakashima E, Yamamoto H. Process Catalyst Mass Efficiency by Using Proline Tetrazole Column-Flow System. Chemistry 2018; 24:1076-1079. [PMID: 29315878 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Generally, organocatalysts are not decomposed during chemical transformation, which is different from traditional metal catalysts. To improve catalytic processes efficiency, various studies have been applied to flow synthesis for organocatalysis. Furthermore, many immobilized organocatalysts have been used for heterogeneous flow synthesis, which requires huge amounts of immobilized catalyst and requires several steps to prepare. We took advantage of organocatalysts with low-polarity organic solvent and developed a flow system through a packed-bed column with simply proline tetrazole (5-(2-pyrrolidinyl)-1H-tetrazole) for heterogeneous organocatalytic synthesis. Under ambient temperature, this heterogeneous organocatalyst continuous flow-column system with ketones as a donor provides aldol, Mannich, and o-nitroso aldol reactions in up to quantitative yields with excellent enantio- and chemoselectivity values. Our heterogeneous-flow synthesis provides extremely low process catalyst mass efficiency and continuous production without changing the packed-bed catalyst column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Nakashima
- Molecular Catalyst Research Center, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yamamoto
- Molecular Catalyst Research Center, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
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117
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Dingwall P, Greb A, Crespin LNS, Labes R, Musio B, Poh JS, Pasau P, Blakemore DC, Ley SV. C–H functionalisation of aldehydes using light generated, non-stabilised diazo compounds in flow. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11685-11688. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06202a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Here we explore further the use of oxadiazolines, non-stabilised diazo precursors which are bench stable, in direct, non-catalytic, aldehyde C–H functionalisation reactions under UV photolysis in flow and free from additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dingwall
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Lensfield Road
- Cambridge CB2 1EW
- UK
| | - Andreas Greb
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Lensfield Road
- Cambridge CB2 1EW
- UK
| | | | - Ricardo Labes
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Lensfield Road
- Cambridge CB2 1EW
- UK
| | - Biagia Musio
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Lensfield Road
- Cambridge CB2 1EW
- UK
| | - Jian-Siang Poh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Lensfield Road
- Cambridge CB2 1EW
- UK
| | | | | | - Steven V. Ley
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Lensfield Road
- Cambridge CB2 1EW
- UK
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118
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Greb A, Poh J, Greed S, Battilocchio C, Pasau P, Blakemore DC, Ley SV. A Versatile Route to Unstable Diazo Compounds via Oxadiazolines and their Use in Aryl-Alkyl Cross-Coupling Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:16602-16605. [PMID: 29088512 PMCID: PMC5814725 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Coupling of readily available boronic acids and diazo compounds has emerged recently as a powerful metal-free carbon-carbon bond forming method. However, the difficulty in forming the unstable diazo compound partner in a mild fashion has hitherto limited their general use and the scope of the transformation. Here, we report the application of oxadiazolines as precursors for the generation of an unstable family of diazo compounds using flow UV photolysis and their first use in divergent protodeboronative and oxidative C(sp2 )-C(sp3 ) cross-coupling processes, with excellent functional-group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Greb
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Jian‐Siang Poh
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Stephanie Greed
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | | | - Patrick Pasau
- UCB Biopharma SPRLChemical Research R5Chemin du Foriest, 1420Braine-L'AlleudBelgium
| | | | - Steven V. Ley
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
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119
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Greb A, Poh JS, Greed S, Battilocchio C, Pasau P, Blakemore DC, Ley SV. A Versatile Route to Unstable Diazo Compounds via Oxadiazolines and their Use in Aryl-Alkyl Cross-Coupling Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Greb
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Jian-Siang Poh
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Stephanie Greed
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Claudio Battilocchio
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Patrick Pasau
- UCB Biopharma SPRL; Chemical Research R5; Chemin du Foriest, 1420 Braine-L'Alleud Belgium
| | | | - Steven V. Ley
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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120
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Glotz G, Lebl R, Dallinger D, Kappe CO. Integration of Bromine and Cyanogen Bromide Generators for the Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Cyclic Guanidines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Glotz
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW); Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE); Inffeldgasse 13 8010 Graz Austria
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz; University of Graz; Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - René Lebl
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW); Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE); Inffeldgasse 13 8010 Graz Austria
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz; University of Graz; Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Doris Dallinger
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz; University of Graz; Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW); Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE); Inffeldgasse 13 8010 Graz Austria
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz; University of Graz; Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
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Glotz G, Lebl R, Dallinger D, Kappe CO. Integration of Bromine and Cyanogen Bromide Generators for the Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Cyclic Guanidines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:13786-13789. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Glotz
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW); Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE); Inffeldgasse 13 8010 Graz Austria
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz; University of Graz; Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - René Lebl
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW); Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE); Inffeldgasse 13 8010 Graz Austria
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz; University of Graz; Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Doris Dallinger
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz; University of Graz; Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW); Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE); Inffeldgasse 13 8010 Graz Austria
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz; University of Graz; Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
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122
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Abstract
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A safe
and scalable synthesis of diaryliodonium triflates was achieved
using a practical continuous-flow design. A wide array of electron-rich
to electron-deficient arenes could readily be transformed to their
respective diaryliodonium salts on a gram scale, with residence times
varying from 2 to 60 s (44 examples).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Laudadio
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hannes P L Gemoets
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Volker Hessel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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123
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Chen Y, Hone CA, Gutmann B, Kappe CO. Continuous Flow Synthesis of Carbonylated Heterocycles via Pd-Catalyzed Oxidative Carbonylation Using CO and O2 at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuesu Chen
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christopher A. Hone
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Bernhard Gutmann
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
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124
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Gutmann B, Köckinger M, Glotz G, Ciaglia T, Slama E, Zadravec M, Pfanner S, Maier MC, Gruber-Wölfler H, Oliver Kappe C. Design and 3D printing of a stainless steel reactor for continuous difluoromethylations using fluoroform. REACT CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7re00176b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The design and 3D printing of a stainless steel reactor for reaction with a gaseous reagent is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Gutmann
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Graz
- NAWI Graz
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Manuel Köckinger
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Graz
- NAWI Graz
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Gabriel Glotz
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Graz
- NAWI Graz
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Tania Ciaglia
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Graz
- NAWI Graz
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Eyke Slama
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW)
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE)
- Graz
- Austria
| | - Matej Zadravec
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW)
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE)
- Graz
- Austria
| | | | - Manuel C. Maier
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW)
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE)
- Graz
- Austria
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering
| | - Heidrun Gruber-Wölfler
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW)
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE)
- Graz
- Austria
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Graz
- NAWI Graz
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
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