101
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Wussow F, Kha M, Kim T, Ly M, Yll-Pico M, Kar S, Lewis MG, Chiuppesi F, Diamond DJ. Synthetic multiantigen MVA vaccine COH04S1 and variant-specific derivatives protect Syrian hamsters from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:41. [PMID: 36928589 PMCID: PMC10018591 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants continue to disrupt COVID-19 vaccine efficacy through multiple immune mechanisms including neutralizing antibody evasion. We developed COH04S1, a synthetic modified vaccinia Ankara vector that co-expresses Wuhan-Hu-1-based spike and nucleocapsid antigens. COH04S1 demonstrated efficacy against ancestral virus and Beta and Delta variants in animal models and was safe and immunogenic in a Phase 1 clinical trial. Here, we report efficacy of COH04S1 and analogous Omicron BA.1- and Beta-specific vaccines to protect Syrian hamsters from Omicron subvariants. Despite eliciting strain-specific antibody responses, all three vaccines protect hamsters from weight loss, lower respiratory tract infection, and lung pathology following challenge with Omicron BA.1 or BA.2.12.1. While the BA.1-specifc vaccine affords consistently improved efficacy compared to COH04S1 to protect against homologous challenge with BA.1, all three vaccines confer similar protection against heterologous challenge with BA.2.12.1. These results demonstrate efficacy of COH04S1 and variant-specific derivatives to confer cross-protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Wussow
- Department of Hematology and Transplant Center, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
| | - Mindy Kha
- Department of Hematology and Transplant Center, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Taehyun Kim
- Department of Hematology and Transplant Center, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Minh Ly
- Department of Hematology and Transplant Center, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Marcal Yll-Pico
- Department of Hematology and Transplant Center, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | | | | | - Flavia Chiuppesi
- Department of Hematology and Transplant Center, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Don J Diamond
- Department of Hematology and Transplant Center, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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102
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Beta variant COVID-19 protein booster vaccine elicits durable cross-neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 variants in non-human primates. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1309. [PMID: 36894558 PMCID: PMC9998256 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36908-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants, despite the implementation of booster vaccination, has raised questions about the durability of protection conferred by current vaccines. Vaccine boosters that can induce broader and more durable immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 are urgently needed. We recently reported that our Beta-containing protein-based SARS-CoV-2 spike booster vaccine candidates with AS03 adjuvant (CoV2 preS dTM-AS03) elicited robust cross-neutralizing antibody responses at early timepoints against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in macaques primed with mRNA or protein-based subunit vaccine candidates. Here we demonstrate that the monovalent Beta vaccine with AS03 adjuvant induces durable cross-neutralizing antibody responses against the prototype strain D614G as well as variants Delta (B.1.617.2), Omicron (BA.1 and BA.4/5) and SARS-CoV-1, that are still detectable in all macaques 6 months post-booster. We also describe the induction of consistent and robust memory B cell responses, independent of the levels measured post-primary immunization. These data suggest that a booster dose with a monovalent Beta CoV2 preS dTM-AS03 vaccine can induce robust and durable cross-neutralizing responses against a broad spectrum of variants.
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103
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Khoury DS, Docken SS, Subbarao K, Kent SJ, Davenport MP, Cromer D. Predicting the efficacy of variant-modified COVID-19 vaccine boosters. Nat Med 2023; 29:574-578. [PMID: 36864253 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02228-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Booster vaccination for the prevention of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is required to overcome loss of protection due to waning immunity and the spread of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. Studies have assessed the ability of existing ancestral-based vaccines as well as novel variant-modified vaccine regimens to boost immunity to different variants, and a crucial question is to assess the relative benefits of these different approaches. Here we aggregate data on neutralization titers from 14 reports (three published papers, eight preprints, two press releases and notes of one advisory committee meeting) comparing booster vaccination with the current ancestral-based vaccines or variant-modified vaccines. Using these data, we compare the immunogenicity of different vaccination regimens and predict the relative protection of booster vaccines under different scenarios. We predict that boosting with ancestral vaccines can markedly enhance protection against both symptomatic and severe disease from SARS-CoV-2 variant viruses, although variant-modified vaccines may provide additional protection, even if not matched to the circulating variants. This work provides an evidence-based framework to inform choices on future SARS-CoV-2 vaccine regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Khoury
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Steffen S Docken
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Miles P Davenport
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Deborah Cromer
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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104
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Planas D, Bruel T, Staropoli I, Guivel-Benhassine F, Porrot F, Maes P, Grzelak L, Prot M, Mougari S, Planchais C, Puech J, Saliba M, Sahraoui R, Fémy F, Morel N, Dufloo J, Sanjuán R, Mouquet H, André E, Hocqueloux L, Simon-Loriere E, Veyer D, Prazuck T, Péré H, Schwartz O. Resistance of Omicron subvariants BA.2.75.2, BA.4.6, and BQ.1.1 to neutralizing antibodies. Nat Commun 2023; 14:824. [PMID: 36788246 PMCID: PMC9926440 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Convergent evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5 lineages has led to the emergence of several new subvariants, including BA.2.75.2, BA.4.6. and BQ.1.1. The subvariant BQ.1.1 became predominant in many countries in December 2022. The subvariants carry an additional and often redundant set of mutations in the spike, likely responsible for increased transmissibility and immune evasion. Here, we established a viral amplification procedure to easily isolate Omicron strains. We examined their sensitivity to 6 therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and to 72 sera from Pfizer BNT162b2-vaccinated individuals, with or without BA.1/BA.2 or BA.5 breakthrough infection. Ronapreve (Casirivimab and Imdevimab) and Evusheld (Cilgavimab and Tixagevimab) lose antiviral efficacy against BA.2.75.2 and BQ.1.1, whereas Xevudy (Sotrovimab) remaine weakly active. BQ.1.1 is also resistant to Bebtelovimab. Neutralizing titers in triply vaccinated individuals are low to undetectable against BQ.1.1 and BA.2.75.2, 4 months after boosting. A BA.1/BA.2 breakthrough infection increases these titers, which remains about 18-fold lower against BA.2.75.2 and BQ.1.1, than against BA.1. Reciprocally, a BA.5 breakthrough infection increases more efficiently neutralization against BA.5 and BQ.1.1 than against BA.2.75.2. Thus, the evolution trajectory of novel Omicron subvariants facilitates their spread in immunized populations and raises concerns about the efficacy of most available mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Planas
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France. .,Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France.
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Isabelle Staropoli
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | | | - Françoise Porrot
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Piet Maes
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludivine Grzelak
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Prot
- G5 Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Said Mougari
- G5 Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Planchais
- Humoral Immunology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, Paris, France
| | - Julien Puech
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Madelina Saliba
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Riwan Sahraoui
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Florent Fémy
- Service d'accueil des urgences, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Morel
- Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur Yvette, France
| | - Jérémy Dufloo
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, 46980 Paterna, València, Spain
| | - Rafael Sanjuán
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, 46980 Paterna, València, Spain.,Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Hugo Mouquet
- Humoral Immunology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel André
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reference Centre for Respiratory Pathogens, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Etienne Simon-Loriere
- G5 Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - David Veyer
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors (FunGeST), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Prazuck
- CHR d'Orléans, Service de Maladies Infectieuses, Orléans, France
| | - Hélène Péré
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors (FunGeST), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France. .,Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France.
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105
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Kozlov M. Should COVID vaccines be given yearly? Proposal divides US scientists. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-00234-7. [PMID: 36707704 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-00234-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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106
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Lasrado N, Collier ARY, Miller J, Hachmann NP, Liu J, Sciacca M, Wu C, Anand T, Bondzie EA, Fisher JL, Mazurek CR, Patio RC, Powers O, Rodrigues SL, Rowe M, Surve N, Ty DM, Korber B, Barouch DH. Waning Immunity Against XBB.1.5 Following Bivalent mRNA Boosters. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.22.525079. [PMID: 36747640 PMCID: PMC9900747 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.22.525079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has continued to evolve. XBB is a recombinant between two BA.2 sublineages, XBB.1 includes the G252V mutation, and XBB.1.5 includes the G252V and F486P mutations. XBB.1.5 has rapidly increased in frequency and has become the dominant virus in New England. The bivalent mRNA vaccine boosters have been shown to increase neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers to multiple variants, but the durability of these responses remains to be determined. We assessed humoral and cellular immune responses in 30 participants who received the bivalent mRNA boosters and performed assays at baseline prior to boosting, at week 3 after boosting, and at month 3 after boosting. Our data demonstrate that XBB.1.5 substantially escapes NAb responses but not T cell responses after bivalent mRNA boosting. NAb titers to XBB.1 and XBB.1.5 were similar, suggesting that the F486P mutation confers greater transmissibility but not increased immune escape. By month 3, NAb titers to XBB.1 and XBB.1.5 declined essentially to baseline levels prior to boosting, while NAb titers to other variants declined less strikingly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jinyan Liu
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Cindy Wu
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Trisha Anand
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Olivia Powers
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Marjorie Rowe
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nehalee Surve
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Darren M. Ty
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bette Korber
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
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107
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Brady C, Tipton T, Longet S, Carroll MW. Pre-clinical models to define correlates of protection for SARS-CoV-2. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1166664. [PMID: 37063834 PMCID: PMC10097995 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A defined immune profile that predicts protection against a pathogen-of-interest, is referred to as a correlate of protection (CoP). A validated SARS-CoV-2 CoP has yet to be defined, however considerable insights have been provided by pre-clinical vaccine and animal rechallenge studies which have fewer associated limitations than equivalent studies in human vaccinees or convalescents, respectively. This literature review focuses on the advantages of the use of animal models for the definition of CoPs, with particular attention on their application in the search for SARS-CoV-2 CoPs. We address the conditions and interventions required for the identification and validation of a CoP, which are often only made possible with the use of appropriate in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caolann Brady
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics and Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Caolann Brady, ; Miles W. Carroll,
| | - Tom Tipton
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics and Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Longet
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics and Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI), Team GIMAP, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Miles W. Carroll
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics and Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Caolann Brady, ; Miles W. Carroll,
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108
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Renner TM, Akache B, Stuible M, Rohani N, Cepero-Donates Y, Deschatelets L, Dudani R, Harrison BA, Baardsnes J, Koyuturk I, Hill JJ, Hemraz UD, Régnier S, Lenferink AEG, Durocher Y, McCluskie MJ. Tuning the immune response: sulfated archaeal glycolipid archaeosomes as an effective vaccine adjuvant for induction of humoral and cell-mediated immunity towards the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant of concern. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1182556. [PMID: 37122746 PMCID: PMC10140330 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1182556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposomes composed of sulfated lactosyl archaeol (SLA) have been shown to be a safe and effective vaccine adjuvant with a multitude of antigens in preclinical studies. In particular, SLA-adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccines based on trimeric spike protein antigens were shown to be immunogenic and efficacious in mice and hamsters. With the continued emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, we sought to evaluate next-generation vaccine formulations with an updated antigenic identity. This was of particular interest for the widespread Omicron variant, given the abundance of mutations and structural changes observed within its spike protein compared to other variants. An updated version of our resistin-trimerized SmT1 corresponding to the B.1.1.529 variant was successfully generated in our Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell-based antigen production platform and characterized, revealing some differences in protein profile and ACE2 binding affinity as compared to reference strain-based SmT1. We next evaluated this Omicron-based spike antigen for its immunogenicity and ability to generate robust antigen-specific immune responses when paired with SLA liposomes or AddaS03 (a mimetic of the AS03 oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant system found in commercialized SARS-CoV-2 protein vaccines). Immunization of mice with vaccine formulations containing this updated antigen with either adjuvant stimulated neutralizing antibody responses favouring Omicron over the reference strain. Cell-mediated responses, which play an important role in the neutralization of intracellular infections, were induced to a much higher degree with the SLA adjuvant relative to the AddaS03-adjuvanted formulations. As such, updated vaccines that are better capable of targeting towards SARS-CoV-2 variants can be generated through an optimized combination of antigen and adjuvant components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler M. Renner
- National Research Council Canada, Human Health Therapeutics, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bassel Akache
- National Research Council Canada, Human Health Therapeutics, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew Stuible
- National Research Council Canada, Human Health Therapeutics, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nazanin Rohani
- National Research Council Canada, Human Health Therapeutics, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Lise Deschatelets
- National Research Council Canada, Human Health Therapeutics, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Renu Dudani
- National Research Council Canada, Human Health Therapeutics, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Blair A. Harrison
- National Research Council Canada, Human Health Therapeutics, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jason Baardsnes
- National Research Council Canada, Human Health Therapeutics, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Izel Koyuturk
- National Research Council Canada, Human Health Therapeutics, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jennifer J. Hill
- National Research Council Canada, Human Health Therapeutics, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Usha D. Hemraz
- National Research Council Canada, Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sophie Régnier
- National Research Council Canada, Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne E. G. Lenferink
- National Research Council Canada, Human Health Therapeutics, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Durocher
- National Research Council Canada, Human Health Therapeutics, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael J. McCluskie
- National Research Council Canada, Human Health Therapeutics, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Michael J. McCluskie,
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