101
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Abstract
Microarray is a high throughput discovery tool that has been broadly used for genomic research. Probe-target hybridization is the central concept of this technology to determine the relative abundance of nucleic acid sequences through fluorescence-based detection. In microarray experiments, variations of expression measurements can be attributed to many different sources that influence the stability and reproducibility of microarray platforms. Normalization is an essential step to reduce non-biological errors and to convert raw image data from multiple arrays (channels) to quality data for further analysis. In general, for the traditional microarray analysis, most established normalization methods are based on two assumptions: (1) the total number of target genes is large enough (>10,000); and (2) the expression level of the majority of genes is kept constant. However, microRNA (miRNA) arrays are usually spotted in low density, due to the fact that the total number of miRNAs is less than 2,000 and the majority of miRNAs are weakly or not expressed. As a result, normalization methods based on the above two assumptions are not applicable to miRNA profiling studies. In this review, we discuss a few representative microarray platforms on the market for miRNA profiling and compare the traditional methods with a few novel strategies specific for miRNA microarrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of South Alabama, 411 University BLVD N, Room 325, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Yaguang Xi
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: 1-251-445-9857; Fax: 1-251-460-6994
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102
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Yan W, Xu L, Sun Z, Lin Y, Zhang W, Chen J, Hu S, Shen B. MicroRNA biomarker identification for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia based on a novel bioinformatics model. Oncotarget 2016; 6:26424-36. [PMID: 26317787 PMCID: PMC4694912 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in children is a complex and heterogeneous disease. The identification of reliable and stable molecular biomarkers for diagnosis, especially early diagnosis, remains a significant therapeutic challenge. Aberrant microRNA expression could be used for cancer diagnosis and treatment selection. Here, we describe a novel bioinformatics model for the prediction of microRNA biomarkers for the diagnosis of paediatric AML based on computational functional analysis of the microRNA regulatory network substructure. microRNA-196b, microRNA-155 and microRNA-25 were identified as putative diagnostic biomarkers for pediatric AML. Further systematic analysis confirmed the association of the predicted microRNAs with the leukemogenesis of AML. In vitro q-PCR experiments showed that microRNA-155 is significantly overexpressed in children with AML and microRNA-196b is significantly overexpressed in subgroups M4–M5 of the French-American-British classification system. These results suggest that microRNA-155 is a potential diagnostic biomarker for all subgroups of paediatric AML, whereas microRNA-196b is specific for subgroups M4–M5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Yan
- Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.,Taicang Center for Translational Bioinformatics, Taicang 215400, China.,The 100th Hospital of PLA, Suzhou 215007, China
| | - Lihua Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China.,Department of Pediatrics, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222002, China
| | - Zhandong Sun
- Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yuxin Lin
- Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011, China
| | - Shaoyan Hu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
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103
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Hawa Z, Haque I, Ghosh A, Banerjee S, Harris L, Banerjee SK. The miRacle in Pancreatic Cancer by miRNAs: Tiny Angels or Devils in Disease Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E809. [PMID: 27240340 PMCID: PMC4926343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy with increasing incidence and high mortality. Surgical resection is the only potentially curative treatment of patients with PDAC. Because of the late presentation of the disease, about 20 percent of patients are candidates for this treatment. The average survival of resected patients is between 12 and 20 months, with a high probability of relapse. Standard chemo and radiation therapies do not offer significant improvement of the survival of these patients. Furthermore, novel treatment options aimed at targeting oncogenes or growth factors in pancreatic cancer have proved unsuccessful. Thereby, identifying new biomarkers that can detect early stages of this disease is of critical importance. Among these biomarkers, microRNAs (miRNAs) have supplied a profitable recourse and become an attractive focus of research in PDAC. MiRNAs regulate many genes involved in the development of PDAC through mRNA degradation or translation inhibition. The possibility of intervention in the molecular mechanisms of miRNAs regulation could begin a new generation of PDAC therapies. This review summarizes the reports describing miRNAs involvement in cellular processes involving pancreatic carcinogenesis and their utility in diagnosis, survival and therapeutic potential in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhair Hawa
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
| | - Inamul Haque
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
| | - Snigdha Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
| | - LaCoiya Harris
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
| | - Sushanta K Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
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104
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Yeh CH, Moles R, Nicot C. Clinical significance of microRNAs in chronic and acute human leukemia. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:37. [PMID: 27179712 PMCID: PMC4867976 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Small non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) are epigenetic regulators that target specific cellular mRNA to modulate gene expression patterns and cellular signaling pathways. miRNAs are involved in a wide range of biological processes and are frequently deregulated in human cancers. Numerous miRNAs promote tumorigenesis and cancer progression by enhancing tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion and immune evasion, while others have tumor suppressive effects (Hayes, et al., Trends Mol Med 20(8): 460-9, 2014; Stahlhut and Slack, Genome Med 5 (12): 111, 2013). The expression profile of cancer miRNAs can be used to predict patient prognosis and clinical response to treatment (Bouchie, Nat Biotechnol 31(7): 577, 2013). The majority of miRNAs are intracellular localized, however circulating miRNAs have been detected in various body fluids and represent new biomarkers of solid and hematologic cancers (Fabris and Calin, Mol Oncol 10(3):503-8, 2016; Allegra, et al., Int J Oncol 41(6): 1897-912, 2012). This review describes the clinical relevance of miRNAs, lncRNAs and snoRNAs in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment response in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute adult T-cell leukemia (ATL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hung Yeh
- Department of Pathology, Center for Viral Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Ramona Moles
- Department of Pathology, Center for Viral Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Christophe Nicot
- Department of Pathology, Center for Viral Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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105
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Genome-Wide CRISPR-Cas9 Screen Identifies MicroRNAs That Regulate Myeloid Leukemia Cell Growth. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153689. [PMID: 27081855 PMCID: PMC4833428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian microRNA expression is dysregulated in human cancer. However, the functional relevance of many microRNAs in the context of tumor biology remains unclear. Using CRISPR-Cas9 technology, we performed a global loss-of-function screen to simultaneously test the functions of individual microRNAs and protein-coding genes during the growth of a myeloid leukemia cell line. This approach identified evolutionarily conserved human microRNAs that suppress or promote cell growth, revealing that microRNAs are extensively integrated into the molecular networks that control tumor cell physiology. miR-155 was identified as a top microRNA candidate promoting cellular fitness, which we confirmed with two distinct miR-155-targeting CRISPR-Cas9 lentiviral constructs. Further, we performed anti-correlation functional profiling to predict relevant microRNA-tumor suppressor gene or microRNA-oncogene interactions in these cells. This analysis identified miR-150 targeting of p53, a connection that was experimentally validated. Taken together, our study describes a powerful genetic approach by which the function of individual microRNAs can be assessed on a global level, and its use will rapidly advance our understanding of how microRNAs contribute to human disease.
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106
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miR-29s: a family of epi-miRNAs with therapeutic implications in hematologic malignancies. Oncotarget 2016; 6:12837-61. [PMID: 25968566 PMCID: PMC4536984 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A wealth of studies has highlighted the biological complexity of hematologic malignancies and the role of dysregulated signal transduction pathways. Along with the crucial role of genetic abnormalities, epigenetic aberrations are nowadays emerging as relevant players in cancer development, and significant research efforts are currently focusing on mechanisms by which histone post-translational modifications, DNA methylation and noncoding RNAs contribute to the pathobiology of cancer. As a consequence, these studies have provided the rationale for the development of epigenetic drugs, such as histone deacetylase inhibitors and demethylating compounds, some of which are currently in advanced phase of pre-clinical investigation or in clinical trials. In addition, a more recent body of evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) might target effectors of the epigenetic machinery, which are aberrantly expressed or active in cancers, thus reverting those epigenetic abnormalities driving tumor initiation and progression. This review will focus on the broad epigenetic activity triggered by members of the miR-29 family, which underlines the potential of miR-29s as candidate epi-therapeutics for the treatment of hematologic malignancies.
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107
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Ludwig N, Werner TV, Backes C, Trampert P, Gessler M, Keller A, Lenhof HP, Graf N, Meese E. Combining miRNA and mRNA Expression Profiles in Wilms Tumor Subtypes. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:475. [PMID: 27043538 PMCID: PMC4848931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common childhood renal cancer. Recent findings of mutations in microRNA (miRNA) processing proteins suggest a pivotal role of miRNAs in WT genesis. We performed miRNA expression profiling of 36 WTs of different subtypes and four normal kidney tissues using microarrays. Additionally, we determined the gene expression profile of 28 of these tumors to identify potentially correlated target genes and affected pathways. We identified 85 miRNAs and 2107 messenger RNAs (mRNA) differentially expressed in blastemal WT, and 266 miRNAs and 1267 mRNAs differentially expressed in regressive subtype. The hierarchical clustering of the samples, using either the miRNA or mRNA profile, showed the clear separation of WT from normal kidney samples, but the miRNA pattern yielded better separation of WT subtypes. A correlation analysis of the deregulated miRNA and mRNAs identified 13,026 miRNA/mRNA pairs with inversely correlated expression, of which 2844 are potential interactions of miRNA and their predicted mRNA targets. We found significant upregulation of miRNAs-183, -301a/b and -335 for the blastemal subtype, and miRNAs-181b, -223 and -630 for the regressive subtype. We found marked deregulation of miRNAs regulating epithelial to mesenchymal transition, especially in the blastemal subtype, and miRNAs influencing chemosensitivity, especially in regressive subtypes. Further research is needed to assess the influence of preoperative chemotherapy and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes on the miRNA and mRNA patterns in WT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Ludwig
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Tamara V Werner
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Christina Backes
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Building E2.1, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany.
| | - Patrick Trampert
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Building E.1.1, 66041 Saarbruecken, Germany.
| | - Manfred Gessler
- Developmental Biochemistry, Biocenter, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Andreas Keller
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Building E2.1, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany.
| | - Hans-Peter Lenhof
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Building E.1.1, 66041 Saarbruecken, Germany.
| | - Norbert Graf
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Medical School, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany.
| | - Eckart Meese
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
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108
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Li X, Zhong H. The diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic application of MicroRNAs in haematological malignancies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 21:263-71. [PMID: 26907667 DOI: 10.1080/10245332.2015.1114766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that participate in vital cell processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. In recent years, they have been proven to play vital roles in haematological malignancies. In this review we briefly introduce some basic knowledge of microRNAs and summarize their ectopic expression in haematological malignancies, especially in leukaemia. We will also discuss the potential of microRNAs in the diagnosis of leukaemia, in the determination of the clinical prognosis of diverse subtypes, and in targeted therapy. DISCUSSION Despite current adoption of novel biological agents combining traditional chemotherapy regimens, leukaemia remains to have undesirable clinical outcomes due to inaccurate diagnosis, invasiveness of the disease, and patients' intolerance to chemotherapy, thus brand new therapeutic directions are urgently needed. MiRNAs regulate gene expression by means of binding to the 3'-untranslated regions of corresponding mRNAs, leading to the degradation of targeted mRNA or the inhibition of translation. It has been confirmed that they can either function as tumour inhibitors, or may trigger tumourigenesis in certain situations, this specific dual characteristic undoubtedly attract scientists to explore their roles in haematological malignancies. It is of great necessity to summarize the roles of miRNAs in haematological malignancies diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, and clinical treatment. CONCLUSIONS Future studies may take full advantage of miRNAs detection in diagnosing, in choosing targeted biological therapy, and in avoiding predictable side effect, thus the overall survival rate and cure efficiency of leukaemia should improve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- a Department of Hematology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhong
- a Department of Hematology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , P.R. China
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109
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Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a dynamic process in which blood cells are continuously generated from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The regulatory mechanisms controlling HSC fate have been studied extensively over the past several decades. Although many protein-coding genes have been shown to regulate hematopoietic differentiation, additional levels of HSC regulation are not well studied. Advances in deep sequencing have revealed many new classes of regulatory noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as enhancer RNAs and antisense ncRNAs. Functional analysis of some of these ncRNAs has provided insights into the molecular mechanisms that regulate hematopoietic development and disease. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of functional regulatory ncRNAs associated with hematopoietic self-renewal and differentiation, as well as those dysregulated ncRNAs involved in hematologic malignancies.
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110
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Saldanha G, Elshaw S, Sachs P, Alharbi H, Shah P, Jothi A, Pringle JH. microRNA-10b is a prognostic biomarker for melanoma. Mod Pathol 2016; 29:112-21. [PMID: 26743475 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2015.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer. Recently, drug therapy of advanced disease has been revolutionized by new agents. More therapeutic options, coupled with the desire to extend treatment to the adjuvant setting mean that prognostic biomarkers that can be assayed from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded clinical would be valuable. microRNAs have potential to fill this need. We analyzed 377 microRNAs in 79 primary melanomas and 32 metastases using a split sample discovery strategy. From a discovery analysis using 40 thick primary melanomas (20 cases with metastasis and 20 controls without metastasis at 5 years), microRNA expression was measured by quantitative RT-PCR (QRT-PCR). MiR-10b emerged as a candidate prognostic microRNA. This was confirmed in an independent validation set of thick primary melanomas (20 cases with metastasis and 19 controls without metastasis at 5 years). In the combined discovery and validation cohorts (n=79), miR-10b expression showed a 3.7-fold increase in expression between cases and controls (P=0.005) and showed a trend of increasing expression between primary melanomas and their matched metastases (P<0.001). In situ hybridization showed expression was in melanoma cells and correlated with expression measured by QRT-PCR (P=0.0005). We used the combined discovery and validation samples to verify the prognostic value of additional candidate microRNAs identified from other studies, and proceeded to analyze miR-200b. We demonstrated that miR-10b and miR-200b showed independent prognostic value (P=0.002 and 0.047, respectively) in multivariable analysis alongside known clinico-pathological prognostic features (eg, Breslow thickness) using a Cox proportional hazards regression model. Furthermore, the addition of these microRNAs to the clinico-pathological features led to an improved regression model with better identification of aggressive thick melanomas. Taken together, these data suggest that miR-10b is a new prognostic microRNA for melanoma and that there could be a place for microRNA analysis in stratifying melanoma for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Saldanha
- Department of Cancer Studies, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- EMPATH, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Shona Elshaw
- Department of Cancer Studies, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Parysatis Sachs
- Department of Cancer Studies, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Hisham Alharbi
- Department of Cancer Studies, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Prashant Shah
- Department of Cancer Studies, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ann Jothi
- Department of Cancer Studies, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - J Howard Pringle
- Department of Cancer Studies, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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111
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Ge Y, Yan X, Jin Y, Yang X, Yu X, Zhou L, Han S, Yuan Q, Yang M. MiRNA-192 [corrected] and miRNA-204 Directly Suppress lncRNA HOTTIP and Interrupt GLS1-Mediated Glutaminolysis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005726. [PMID: 26710269 PMCID: PMC4692503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a pivotal role in tumorigenesis. However, it is still largely unknown how these lncRNAs were regulated by small ncRNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), at the post-transcriptional level. We here use lncRNA HOTTIP as an example to study how miRNAs impact lncRNAs expression and its biological significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). LncRNA HOTTIP is a vital oncogene in HCC, one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. In the current study, we identified miR-192 and miR-204 as two microRNAs (miRNAs) suppressing HOTTIP expression via the Argonaute 2 (AGO2)-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) pathway in HCC. Interaction between miR-192 or miR-204 and HOTTIP were further confirmed using dual luciferase reporter gene assays. Consistent with this notion, a significant negative correlation between these miRNAs and HOTTIP exists in HCC tissue specimens. Interestingly, the dysregulation of the three ncRNAs was associated with overall survival of HCC patients. In addition, the posttranscriptional silencing of HOTTIP by miR-192, miR-204 or HOTTIP siRNAs could significantly suppress viability of HCC cells. On the contrary, antagonizing endogenous miR-192 or miR-204 led to increased HOTTIP expression and stimulated cell proliferation. In vivo mouse xenograft model also support the tumor suppressor role of both miRNAs. Besides the known targets (multiple 5’ end HOX A genes, i.e. HOXA13), glutaminase (GLS1) was identified as a potential downstream target of the miR-192/-204-HOTTIP axis in HCC. Considering glutaminolysis as a crucial hallmark of cancer cells and significantly inhibited cell viability after silencingGLS1, we speculate that the miR-192/-204-HOTTIP axis may interrupt HCC glutaminolysis through GLS1 inhibition. These results elucidate that the miR-192/-204-HOTTIP axis might be an important molecular pathway during hepatic cell tumorigenesis. Our data in clinical HCC samples highlight miR-192, miR-204 and HOTTIP with prognostic and potentially therapeutic implications. Accumulated evidence demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a pivotal role in tumorigenesis. Here, we for the first time demonstrated how microRNAs (miRNAs) impact onco-lncRNA HOTTIP expression and its biological significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We identified miR-192 and miR-204 as two miRNAs suppressing HOTTIP expression via the Argonaute 2-mediated RNA interference pathway. The dysregulation of the three ncRNAs was associated with overall survival of HCC patients. The posttranscriptional silencing of HOTTIP by miR-192, miR-204 or HOTTIP siRNAs could significantly suppress viability of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Besides one of the known target gene HOXA13, glutaminase was identified as a potential downstream target of the miR-192/-204-HOTTIP axis in HCC. Our data will have high impact on our understanding of how miRNAs are involved in the fine-regulation of lncRNAs and the potential translation in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yiguang Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liqing Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Huaian No. 2 Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sichong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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112
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Lutful Kabir FM, Alvarez CE, Bird RC. Canine Mammary Carcinomas: A Comparative Analysis of Altered Gene Expression. Vet Sci 2015; 3:vetsci3010001. [PMID: 29056711 PMCID: PMC5644615 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci3010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer represents the second most frequent neoplasm in humans and sexually intact female dogs after lung and skin cancers, respectively. Many similar features in human and dog cancers including, spontaneous development, clinical presentation, tumor heterogeneity, disease progression and response to conventional therapies have supported development of this comparative model as an alternative to mice. The highly conserved similarities between canine and human genomes are also key to this comparative analysis, especially when compared to the murine genome. Studies with canine mammary tumor (CMT) models have shown a strong genetic correlation with their human counterparts, particularly in terms of altered expression profiles of cell cycle regulatory genes, tumor suppressor and oncogenes and also a large group of non-coding RNAs or microRNAs (miRNAs). Because CMTs are considered predictive intermediate models for human breast cancer, similarities in genetic alterations and cancer predisposition between humans and dogs have raised further interest. Many cancer-associated genetic defects critical to mammary tumor development and oncogenic determinants of metastasis have been reported and appear to be similar in both species. Comparative analysis of deregulated gene sets or cancer signaling pathways has shown that a significant proportion of orthologous genes are comparably up- or down-regulated in both human and dog breast tumors. Particularly, a group of cell cycle regulators called cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) acting as potent tumor suppressors are frequently defective in CMTs. Interestingly, comparative analysis of coding sequences has also shown that these genes are highly conserved in mammals in terms of their evolutionary divergence from a common ancestor. Moreover, co-deletion and/or homozygous loss of the INK4A/ARF/INK4B (CDKN2A/B) locus, encoding three members of the CKI tumor suppressor gene families (p16/INK4A, p14ARF and p15/INK4B), in many human and dog cancers including mammary carcinomas, suggested their important conserved genetic order and localization in orthologous chromosomal regions. miRNAs, as powerful post-transcriptional regulators of most of the cancer-associated genes, have not been well evaluated to date in animal cancer models. Comprehensive expression profiles of miRNAs in CMTs have revealed their altered regulation showing a strong correlation with those found in human breast cancers. These genetic correlations between human and dog mammary cancers will greatly advance our understanding of regulatory mechanisms involving many critical cancer-associated genes that promote neoplasia and contribute to the promising development of future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farruk M Lutful Kabir
- Auburn University Research Initiative in Cancer (AURIC), Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA.
- Current address: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Carlos E Alvarez
- Center for Molecular and Human Genetics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Departments of Pediatrics and Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University Colleges of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
| | - R Curtis Bird
- Auburn University Research Initiative in Cancer (AURIC), Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA.
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113
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Hope and hype surrounding circulating microRNA as potential next generation AML biomarkers. Leuk Res 2015; 39:1309-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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114
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Haetscher N, Feuermann Y, Wingert S, Rehage M, Thalheimer FB, Weiser C, Bohnenberger H, Jung K, Schroeder T, Serve H, Oellerich T, Hennighausen L, Rieger MA. STAT5-regulated microRNA-193b controls haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell expansion by modulating cytokine receptor signalling. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8928. [PMID: 26603207 PMCID: PMC4674773 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) require the right composition of microRNAs (miR) for proper life-long balanced blood regeneration. Here we show a regulatory circuit that prevents excessive HSC self-renewal by upregulation of miR-193b upon self-renewal promoting thrombopoietin (TPO)-MPL-STAT5 signalling. In turn, miR-193b restricts cytokine signalling, by targeting the receptor tyrosine kinase c-KIT. We generated a miR-193b knockout mouse model to unravel the physiological function of miR-193b in haematopoiesis. MiR-193b−/− mice show a selective gradual enrichment of functional HSCs, which are fully competent in multilineage blood reconstitution upon transplantation. The absence of miR-193b causes an accelerated expansion of HSCs, without altering cell cycle or survival, but by decelerating differentiation. Conversely, ectopic miR-193b expression restricts long-term repopulating HSC expansion and blood reconstitution. MiR-193b-deficient haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells exhibit increased basal and cytokine-induced STAT5 and AKT signalling. This STAT5-induced microRNA provides a negative feedback for excessive signalling to restrict uncontrolled HSC expansion. MicroRNAs regulate haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) development to ensure the correct generation of blood cells. Haetscher et al. show in mice that miR-193b controls the life-long self-renewal ability of HSCs via AKT and STAT5 pathways, with loss of miR-193b accelerating HSC expansion and reducing differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Haetscher
- LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy and Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt 60590, Germany.,Georg-Speyer-Haus, Paul-Ehrlich-Street 42-44, Frankfurt 60596, Germany
| | - Yonatan Feuermann
- LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy and Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt 60590, Germany.,Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Susanne Wingert
- LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy and Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt 60590, Germany.,Georg-Speyer-Haus, Paul-Ehrlich-Street 42-44, Frankfurt 60596, Germany
| | - Maike Rehage
- LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy and Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt 60590, Germany.,Georg-Speyer-Haus, Paul-Ehrlich-Street 42-44, Frankfurt 60596, Germany
| | - Frederic B Thalheimer
- LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy and Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt 60590, Germany.,Georg-Speyer-Haus, Paul-Ehrlich-Street 42-44, Frankfurt 60596, Germany
| | - Christian Weiser
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Paul-Ehrlich-Street 42-44, Frankfurt 60596, Germany
| | - Hanibal Bohnenberger
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Street 40, Goettingen 37075, Germany
| | - Klaus Jung
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 32, Goettingen 37073, Germany
| | - Timm Schroeder
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Hubert Serve
- LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy and Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt 60590, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Thomas Oellerich
- LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy and Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt 60590, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Lothar Hennighausen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Michael A Rieger
- LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy and Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt 60590, Germany.,Georg-Speyer-Haus, Paul-Ehrlich-Street 42-44, Frankfurt 60596, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
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115
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De Luca T, Pelosi A, Trisciuoglio D, D'Aguanno S, Desideri M, Farini V, Di Martile M, Bellei B, Tupone MG, Candiloro A, Regazzo G, Rizzo MG, Del Bufalo D. miR-211 and MITF modulation by Bcl-2 protein in melanoma cells. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:2304-2312. [PMID: 26599548 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma, the most lethal form of skin cancer, is frequently associated with alterations in several genes, among which the Bcl-2 oncogene plays an important role in progression, chemosensitivity and angiogenesis. Also microRNA (miRNA) are emerging as modulators of melanoma development and progression, and among them, miR-211, located within the melastatin-1/TRPM1 (transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 1 protein) gene, is prevalently expressed in the melanocyte lineage and acts as oncosuppressor. Using several human melanoma cell lines and their Bcl-2 stably overexpressing derivatives, we evaluated whether there was a correlation between expression of Bcl-2 and miR-211. Western blot analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated reduced expression of pri-miR-211, miR-211, TRPM1, and MLANA levels, after Bcl-2 overexpression, associated with increased expression of well-known miR-211 target genes. Overexpression of mature miR-211 in Bcl-2 overexpressing cells rescued Bcl-2 ability to increase cell migration. A decreased nuclear localization of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a co-regulator of both miR-211 and TRPM1, and a reduced MITF recruitment at the TRPM1 and MLANA promoters were also evidenced in Bcl-2 overexpressing cells by immunofluorescence and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments, respectively. Reduction of Bcl-2 expression by small interference RNA confirmed the ability of Bcl-2 to modulate miR-211 and TRPM1 expression. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa De Luca
- Experimental Chemotherapy Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Pelosi
- Molecular Oncogenesis Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Trisciuoglio
- Experimental Chemotherapy Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona D'Aguanno
- Experimental Chemotherapy Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Desideri
- Experimental Chemotherapy Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Farini
- Experimental Chemotherapy Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Di Martile
- Experimental Chemotherapy Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Bellei
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Tupone
- Experimental Chemotherapy Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Candiloro
- Experimental Chemotherapy Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Regazzo
- Molecular Oncogenesis Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Rizzo
- Molecular Oncogenesis Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Experimental Chemotherapy Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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116
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Deregulation of miR-1, miR486, and let-7a in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia: association with NPM1 and FLT3 mutation and clinical characteristics. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:4841-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4289-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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117
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Falini B, Martelli MP. Impact of genomics in the clinical management of patients with cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2015; 28:90-7. [PMID: 26590764 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clinically and molecularly heterogeneous disease. Cytogenetics and FISH have contributed to the stratification of AML patients into favorable, intermediate, and unfavorable risk categories. However, until recently, the prognostic stratification and treatment decision for the intermediate risk category, mostly comprising AML patients with normal cytogenetics (CN-AML), has been difficult due to the scarce knowledge of the molecular alterations underlying this large AML subgroup (which accounts for about 50% of all adult AML). During the past decade, the discovery of numerous mutations associated with CN-AML has resulted in significant advances in the AML field. Here, we review the biological characteristics of the most common mutations underlying CN-AML and outline their clinical impact in the following settings: (i) definition of new molecular leukemia entities in the WHO classification; (ii) risk stratification of CN-AML patients according to mutational profile; and (iii) monitoring of minimal residual disease by specific quantitative molecular assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunangelo Falini
- Institute of Hematology-Centro di Ricerche Emato-Oncologiche (CREO), University of Perugia, Italy.
| | - Maria Paola Martelli
- Institute of Hematology-Centro di Ricerche Emato-Oncologiche (CREO), University of Perugia, Italy
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118
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Díaz-Beyá M, Brunet S, Nomdedéu J, Cordeiro A, Tormo M, Escoda L, Ribera JM, Arnan M, Heras I, Gallardo D, Bargay J, Queipo de Llano MP, Salamero O, Martí JM, Sampol A, Pedro C, Hoyos M, Pratcorona M, Castellano JJ, Nomdedeu M, Risueño RM, Sierra J, Monzó M, Navarro A, Esteve J. The expression level of BAALC-associated microRNA miR-3151 is an independent prognostic factor in younger patients with cytogenetic intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Cancer J 2015; 5:e352. [PMID: 26430723 PMCID: PMC4635188 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2015.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease whose prognosis is mainly related to the biological risk conferred by cytogenetics and molecular profiling. In elderly patients (⩾60 years) with normal karyotype AML miR-3151 have been identified as a prognostic factor. However, miR-3151 prognostic value has not been examined in younger AML patients. In the present work, we have studied miR-3151 alone and in combination with BAALC, its host gene, in a cohort of 181 younger intermediate-risk AML (IR-AML) patients. Patients with higher expression of miR-3151 had shorter overall survival (P=0.0025), shorter leukemia-free survival (P=0.026) and higher cumulative incidence of relapse (P=0.082). Moreover, in the multivariate analysis miR-3151 emerged as independent prognostic marker in both the overall series and within the unfavorable molecular prognostic category. Interestingly, the combined determination of both miR-3151 and BAALC improved this prognostic stratification, with patients with low levels of both parameters showing a better outcome compared with those patients harboring increased levels of one or both markers (P=0.003). In addition, we studied the microRNA expression profile associated with miR-3151 identifying a six-microRNA signature. In conclusion, the analysis of miR-3151 and BAALC expression may well contribute to an improved prognostic stratification of younger patients with IR-AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Díaz-Beyá
- Hematology Department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.,Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Brunet
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Hematology Department and Biological Hematology Laboratory, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, IIB-Sant Pau Research Institute, Universitat Autonoma of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Nomdedéu
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Hematology Department and Biological Hematology Laboratory, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, IIB-Sant Pau Research Institute, Universitat Autonoma of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Cordeiro
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Tormo
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico, Valencia, Spain
| | - L Escoda
- Hematology Department, Hospital Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - J M Ribera
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Hematology Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO)-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - M Arnan
- ICO, Hematology Department, Hospital Duran i Reynals, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Heras
- Hematology Department, Hospital Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
| | - D Gallardo
- Hematology Department, ICO Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - J Bargay
- Hematology Department, Hospital de Son Llàtzer, Palma de Mallorca Hematology, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - O Salamero
- Hematology Department, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Martí
- Hematology Department, Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Sampol
- Hematology Department, Hospital de Son Llàtzer, Palma of Mallorca, Spain
| | - C Pedro
- Hematology Department, Hospital de Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Hoyos
- Hematology Department and Biological Hematology Laboratory, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, IIB-Sant Pau Research Institute, Universitat Autonoma of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Pratcorona
- Hematology Department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.,Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J J Castellano
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Nomdedeu
- Hematology Department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.,Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R M Risueño
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Sierra
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Hematology Department and Biological Hematology Laboratory, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, IIB-Sant Pau Research Institute, Universitat Autonoma of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Monzó
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Navarro
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Esteve
- Hematology Department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.,Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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119
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Ciccone M, Calin GA. MicroRNAs in Myeloid Hematological Malignancies. Curr Genomics 2015; 16:336-48. [PMID: 27047254 PMCID: PMC4763972 DOI: 10.2174/138920291605150710122815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are 19-24 nucleotides noncoding RNAs which silence modulate the expression of target genes by binding to the messenger RNAs. Myeloid malignancies include a broad spectrum of acute and chronic disorders originating from from the clonal transformation of a hematopoietic stem cell. Specific genetic abnormalities may define myeloid malignancies, such as translocation t(9;22) that represent the hallmark of chronic myeloid leukemia. Although next-generation sequencing pro-vided new insights in the genetic characterization and pathogenesis of myeloid neoplasms, the molecular mechanisms underlying myeloid neoplasms are lacking in most cases. Recently, several studies have demonstrated that the expression levels of specific miRNAs may vary among patients with myeloid malignancies compared with healthy individuals and partially unveiled how miRNAs participate in the leukemic transformation process. Finally, in vitro experiments and pre-clinical model provided preliminary data of the safety and efficacy of miRNA inhibitory molecules, opening new avenue in the treatment of myeloid hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ciccone
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George Adrian Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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120
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Pal R, Greene S. microRNA-10b Is Overexpressed and Critical for Cell Survival and Proliferation in Medulloblastoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137845. [PMID: 26394044 PMCID: PMC4579065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates the effects of miRNA-10b on medulloblastoma proliferation through transcriptional induction of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL2. Using a cancer specific miRNA-array, high expression of miRNA-10b in medulloblastoma cell lines compared to a normal cerebellar control was shown, and this was confirmed with real time PCR (RT-PCR). Two medulloblastoma cell lines (DAOY and UW228) were transiently transfected with control miRNA, miRNA-10b inhibitor or miRNA-10b mimic and subjected to RT-PCR, MTT, apoptosis, clonogenic assay and western blot analysis. Transfection of miRNA-10b inhibitor induced a significant down-regulation of miRNA-10b expression, inhibited proliferation, and induced apoptosis, while miRNA-10b mimic exerted an opposite effect. Inhibition of miRNA-10b abrogated the colony-forming capability of medulloblastoma cells, and markedly down-regulated the expression of BCL2. Down-regulation of BCL2 by antisense oligonucleotides or siRNA also significantly down-regulated miRNA-10b, suggesting that BCL2 is a major mediator of the effects of miRNA-10b. ABT-737 and ABT-199, potent inhibitors of BCL2, downregulated the expression of miRNA-10b and increased apoptosis. Analysis of miRNA-10b levels in 13 primary medulloblastoma samples revealed that the 2 patients with the highest levels of miRNA-10b had multiple recurrences (4.5) and died within 8 years of diagnosis, compared with the 11 patients with low levels of miRNA-10b who had a mean of 1.2 recurrences and nearly 40% long-term survival. The data presented here indicate that miRNA-10b may act as an oncomir in medulloblastoma tumorigenesis, and reveal a previously unreported mechanism with Bcl-2 as a mediator of the effects of miRNA-10b upon medulloblastoma cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Pal
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Greene
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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121
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Prognostic significance of NPM1 mutation-modulated microRNA−mRNA regulation in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2015; 30:274-84. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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122
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Abstract
Apoptosis is a cellular suicide program, which is on the one hand used to remove superfluous cells thereby promoting tissue or organ morphogenesis. On the other hand, the programmed killing of cells is also critical when potentially harmful cells emerge in a developing or adult organism thereby endangering survival. Due to its critical role apoptosis is tightly controlled, however so far, its regulation on the transcriptional level is less studied and understood. Hox genes, a highly conserved gene family encoding homeodomain transcription factors, have crucial roles in development. One of their prominent functions is to shape animal body plans by eliciting different developmental programs along the anterior-posterior axis. To this end, Hox proteins transcriptionally regulate numerous processes in a coordinated manner, including cell-type specification, differentiation, motility, proliferation as well as apoptosis. In this review, we will focus on how Hox proteins control organismal morphology and function by regulating the apoptotic machinery. We will first focus on well-established paradigms of Hox-apoptosis interactions and summarize how Hox transcription factors control morphological outputs and differentially shape tissues along the anterior-posterior axis by fine-tuning apoptosis in a healthy organism. We will then discuss the consequences when this interaction is disturbed and will conclude with some ideas and concepts emerging from these studies.
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123
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Wu D, Pan H, Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Qu P, Zhou J, Wang W. Upregulation of microRNA-204 inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion in human renal cell carcinoma cells by downregulating SOX4. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:7059-64. [PMID: 26323722 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-204 (miR-204) has been reported to be frequently downregulated in various types of cancer, including renal, brain, ovary, hematological and colon cancer. The present study, investigated the effects of miR‑204 on renal cell carcinoma. Following transfection of miR‑204, an MTT assay, cell migration assay, cell invasion assay, western blot analysis and luciferase assay were performed in renal cell carcinoma cell lines. It was demonstrated that miR‑204 inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion in 786‑O and A498 cells. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that miR‑204 directly targets SOX4 in renal cell carcinoma. These results suggested that miR-204 may have value as a marker for the early detection of tumor metastasis and a therapeutic target preventing the invasion of renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyao Wu
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong Medical College, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, P.R. China
| | - Huixing Pan
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong Medical College, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, P.R. China
| | - Yunfeng Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong Medical College, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, P.R. China
| | - Zichun Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong Medical College, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, P.R. China
| | - Ping Qu
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong Medical College, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong Medical College, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, P.R. China
| | - Wanxiang Wang
- Inspection Branch, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong Medical College, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, P.R. China
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124
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Tutar L, Tutar E, Özgür A, Tutar Y. Therapeutic Targeting of microRNAs in Cancer: Future Perspectives. Drug Dev Res 2015; 76:382-8. [PMID: 26435382 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their link with cancer has opened a new era in cancer therapeutics. Approximately, 18 - 24 nucleotides long, miRNAs can up-regulate or down-regulate gene expression in many cancer types and are respectively categorized as oncogenes (oncomirs) or tumor suppressors. Expression profiles of miRNAs with biomarker potential can be used for the classification, diagnosis, therapeutic treatment, and prognosis of different cancer types. miRNA mimics and miRNA antagonists are the two main approaches to miRNA-based cancer therapies that respectively inhibit oncomirs or restore the expression of tumor suppressive miRNAs. This review serves to provide some general insight into miRNA biogenesis, cancer related miRNAs, and miRNA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lütfi Tutar
- Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Biology, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - Esen Tutar
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Bioengineering and Sciences, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - Aykut Özgür
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Tutar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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125
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Burke SL, Hammell M, Ambros V. Robust Distal Tip Cell Pathfinding in the Face of Temperature Stress Is Ensured by Two Conserved microRNAS in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2015; 200:1201-18. [PMID: 26078280 PMCID: PMC4574240 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.179184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological robustness, the ability of an organism to maintain a steady-state output as genetic or environmental inputs change, is critical for proper development. MicroRNAs have been implicated in biological robustness mechanisms through their post-transcriptional regulation of genes and gene networks. Previous research has illustrated examples of microRNAs promoting robustness as part of feedback loops and genetic switches and by buffering noisy gene expression resulting from environmental and/or internal changes. Here we show that the evolutionarily conserved microRNAs mir-34 and mir-83 (homolog of mammalian mir-29) contribute to the robust migration pattern of the distal tip cells in Caenorhabditis elegans by specifically protecting against stress from temperature changes. Furthermore, our results indicate that mir-34 and mir-83 may modulate the integrin signaling involved in distal tip cell migration by potentially targeting the GTPase cdc-42 and the beta-integrin pat-3. Our findings suggest a role for mir-34 and mir-83 in integrin-controlled cell migrations that may be conserved through higher organisms. They also provide yet another example of microRNA-based developmental robustness in response to a specific environmental stress, rapid temperature fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Burke
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Molly Hammell
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724
| | - Victor Ambros
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
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126
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Liu H, Wang B, Lin J, Zhao L. microRNA-29b: an emerging player in human cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:9059-64. [PMID: 25422179 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.21.9059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ubiquitously expressed small, non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at a post transcriptional/translational level. They have emerging as playing crucial roles in cancer at all stages ranging from initiation to metastasis. As a tumor suppressor miRNA, aberrant expression of microRNA-29b (miR-29b) has been detected in various types of cancer, and its disturbance is related with tumor development and progression. In this review, we summarize the latest findings with regard to the tumor suppressor signature of miR-29b and its regulatory mechanisms. Our review highlights the diverse relationships between miR-29b and its target genes in malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China E-mail :
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127
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Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)-1 is a human retrovirus and the etiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), a fatal malignancy of CD4/CD25+ T lymphocytes. In recent years, cellular as well as virus-encoded microRNA (miRNA) have been shown to deregulate signaling pathways to favor virus life cycle. HTLV-1 does not encode miRNA, but several studies have demonstrated that cellular miRNA expression is affected in infected cells. Distinct mechanisms such as transcriptional, epigenetic or interference with miRNA processing machinery have been involved. This article reviews the current knowledge of the role of cellular microRNAs in virus infection, replication, immune escape and pathogenesis of HTLV-1.
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128
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Aberrant expression of miR-9/9* in myeloid progenitors inhibits neutrophil differentiation by post-transcriptional regulation of ERG. Leukemia 2015; 30:229-37. [PMID: 26174629 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs) has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In a previous study, we performed a large functional screen using a retroviral barcoded miRNA expression library. Here, we report that overexpression of miR-9/9* in myeloid 32D cell line (32D-miR-9/9*) had profound impact on granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-induced differentiation. Further in vitro studies showed that enforced expression of miR-9/9* blocked normal neutrophil development in 32D and in primary murine lineage-negative bone marrow cells. We examined the expression of miR-9/9* in a cohort of 647 primary human AMLs. In most cases, miR-9 and miR-9* were significantly upregulated and their expression levels varied according to AML subtype, with the highest expression in MLL-related leukemias harboring 11q23 abnormalities and the lowest expression in AML cases with t(8;21) and biallelic mutations in CEBPA. Gene expression profiling of AMLs with high expression of miR-9/9* and 32D-miR-9/9* identified ETS-related gene (Erg) as the only common potential target. Upregulation of ERG in 32D cells rescued miR-9/9*-induced block in neutrophil differentiation. Taken together, this study demonstrates that miR-9/9* are aberrantly expressed in most of AML cases and interfere with normal neutrophil differentiation by downregulation of ERG.
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129
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Butrym A, Rybka J, Baczyńska D, Tukiendorf A, Kuliczkowski K, Mazur G. Low expression of microRNA-204 (miR-204) is associated with poor clinical outcome of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:68. [PMID: 26126974 PMCID: PMC4508825 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0184-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous neoplasm of the bone marrow with poor prognosis. In clinical practice new prognostic factors are still needed. MicroRNAs (miRs), small endogenous noncoding RNAs, play an essential role in the development and progression of acute leukemia. The aim of the study was to evaluate miR-204 expression in patients with AML at diagnosis and after induction chemotherapy, in comparison to healthy controls. We also investigated, if miR-204 expression correlates with clinical features of AML patients. METHODS miR-204 expression has been analyzed using RT-PCR in 95 bone marrow specimens from newly diagnosed AML patients in comparison to 20 healthy subject. RESULTS We showed down-regulated miR-204 expression in AML patients, which was associated with shorter patients' survival. Higher expression of miR-204 in patients after induction therapy was correlated with complete remission achieving. CONCLUSIONS We showed low miR-204 expression in AML and found it to be an independent prognostic factor in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Butrym
- Department of Hematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteur 4 Str, 50-367, Wroclaw, Poland. .,Department of Physiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Justyna Rybka
- Department of Hematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteur 4 Str, 50-367, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dagmara Baczyńska
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Molecular Techniques Unit, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tukiendorf
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Center-Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Kuliczkowski
- Department of Hematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteur 4 Str, 50-367, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Mazur
- Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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130
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Chawla JPS, Iyer N, Soodan KS, Sharma A, Khurana SK, Priyadarshni P. Role of miRNA in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, therapy and regulation of its expression by Epstein-Barr virus and human papillomaviruses: With special reference to oral cancer. Oral Oncol 2015; 51:731-7. [PMID: 26093389 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate numerous biological processes by targeting broad set of messenger RNAs. Research on miRNA-based biomarkers has witnessed phenomenal growth, owing to non-invasive nature of miRNA based screening assays and their sensitivity and specificity in detecting cancers. Their discovery in humans in 2000 has led to an explosion in research in terms of their role as biomarker, therapeutic target and trying to elucidate their function. This review aims to summarize the function of microRNAs as well as to examine how dysregulation at any step in their biogenesis or functional pathway can play a role in development of cancer, together with its possible involvement in oral cancer. Overexpression of oncogenic miRNA may reduce protein products of tumor-suppressor genes but loss of tumor-suppressor miRNA expression may cause elevated levels of oncogenic protein. One or both of these alterations could represent new targets for cancer diagnosis and treatment in future. Many researchers have focused on genetic and epigenetic alterations in OSCC cells. The genetic susceptibility, endemic environment factors, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection are believed to be the major etiologic factors of OSCC. Once metastasis occurs, prognosis is very poor. It is urgently needed to develop biomarkers for early clinical diagnosis/prognosis, and novel effective therapies for oral carcinoma. High-risk HPV infection leads to aberrant expression of cellular oncogenic and tumor suppressive miRNAs. The emergence of miRNA knowledge, and its potential interactive action with such alterations, therefore creates new understanding of cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Pal Singh Chawla
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, M.M. College of Dental Sciences & Research, MMU, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India.
| | - Nageshwar Iyer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, M.M. College of Dental Sciences & Research, MMU, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Kanwaldeep Singh Soodan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, M.M. College of Dental Sciences & Research, MMU, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Atul Sharma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, M.M. College of Dental Sciences & Research, MMU, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Sunpreet Kaur Khurana
- Department of Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry, Swami Devi Dyal Dental College and Hospital, Panchkula, Haryana, India
| | - Pratiksha Priyadarshni
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, M.M. College of Dental Sciences & Research, MMU, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
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131
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Hornick NI, Huan J, Doron B, Goloviznina NA, Lapidus J, Chang BH, Kurre P. Serum Exosome MicroRNA as a Minimally-Invasive Early Biomarker of AML. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11295. [PMID: 26067326 PMCID: PMC4650871 DOI: 10.1038/srep11295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapse remains the major cause of mortality for patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Improved tracking of minimal residual disease (MRD) holds the promise of timely treatment adjustments to preempt relapse. Current surveillance techniques detect circulating blasts that coincide with advanced disease and poorly reflect MRD during early relapse. Here, we investigate exosomes as a minimally invasive platform for a microRNA (miRNA) biomarker. We identify a set of miRNA enriched in AML exosomes and track levels of circulating exosome miRNA that distinguish leukemic xenografts from both non-engrafted and human CD34+ controls. We develop biostatistical models that reveal circulating exosomal miRNA at low marrow tumor burden and before circulating blasts can be detected. Remarkably, both leukemic blasts and marrow stroma contribute to serum exosome miRNA. We propose development of serum exosome miRNA as a platform for a novel, sensitive compartment biomarker for prospective tracking and early detection of AML recurrence.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Exosomes/metabolism
- HL-60 Cells
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/blood
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- MicroRNAs/blood
- Neoplasms, Experimental/blood
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- RNA, Neoplasm/blood
- U937 Cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah I. Hornick
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Jianya Huan
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Ben Doron
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Natalya A. Goloviznina
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Jodi Lapidus
- Department of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Bill H. Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Peter Kurre
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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132
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Khalife J, Radomska HS, Santhanam R, Huang X, Neviani P, Saultz J, Wang H, Wu YZ, Alachkar H, Anghelina M, Dorrance A, Curfman J, Bloomfield CD, Medeiros BC, Perrotti D, Lee LJ, Lee RJ, Caligiuri MA, Pichiorri F, Croce CM, Garzon R, Guzman ML, Mendler JH, Marcucci G. Pharmacological targeting of miR-155 via the NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor MLN4924 (Pevonedistat) in FLT3-ITD acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2015; 29:1981-92. [PMID: 25971362 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
High levels of microRNA-155 (miR-155) are associated with poor outcome in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In AML, miR-155 is regulated by NF-κB, the activity of which is, in part, controlled by the NEDD8-dependent ubiquitin ligases. We demonstrate that MLN4924, an inhibitor of NEDD8-activating enzyme presently being evaluated in clinical trials, decreases binding of NF-κB to the miR-155 promoter and downregulates miR-155 in AML cells. This results in the upregulation of the miR-155 targets SHIP1, an inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt pathway, and PU.1, a transcription factor important for myeloid differentiation, leading to monocytic differentiation and apoptosis. Consistent with these results, overexpression of miR-155 diminishes MLN4924-induced antileukemic effects. In vivo, MLN4924 reduces miR-155 expression and prolongs the survival of mice engrafted with leukemic cells. Our study demonstrates the potential of miR-155 as a novel therapeutic target in AML via pharmacologic interference with NF-κB-dependent regulatory mechanisms. We show the targeting of this oncogenic microRNA with MLN4924, a compound presently being evaluated in clinical trials in AML. As high miR-155 levels have been consistently associated with aggressive clinical phenotypes, our work opens new avenues for microRNA-targeting therapeutic approaches to leukemia and cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Khalife
- Program of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - H S Radomska
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - R Santhanam
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - X Huang
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - P Neviani
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J Saultz
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - H Wang
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Y-Z Wu
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - H Alachkar
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M Anghelina
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - A Dorrance
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J Curfman
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - C D Bloomfield
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - B C Medeiros
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - D Perrotti
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L J Lee
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - R J Lee
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M A Caligiuri
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - F Pichiorri
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - C M Croce
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Cancer Genetics, The Ohio State University and The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - R Garzon
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M L Guzman
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - J H Mendler
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - G Marcucci
- Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell & Leukemia Research, Department of Hematology & HCT, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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133
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Falini B, Sportoletti P, Brunetti L, Martelli MP. Perspectives for therapeutic targeting of gene mutations in acute myeloid leukaemia with normal cytogenetics. Br J Haematol 2015; 170:305-22. [PMID: 25891481 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) genome contains more than 20 driver recurrent mutations. Here, we review the potential for therapeutic targeting of the most common mutations associated with normal cytogenetics AML, focusing on those affecting the FLT3, NPM1 and epigenetic modifier genes (DNMT3A, IDH1/2, TET2). As compared to early compounds, second generation FLT3 inhibitors are more specific and have better pharmacokinetics. They also show higher anti-leukaemic activity, leading to about 50% of composite complete remissions in refractory/relapsed FLT3-internal tandem duplication-mutated AML. However, rapid relapses invariably occur due to various mechanisms of resistance to FLT3 inhibitors. This issue and the best way for using FLT3 inhibitors in combination with other therapeutic modalities are discussed. Potential approaches for therapeutic targeting of NPM1-mutated AML include: (i) reverting the aberrant nuclear export of NPM1 mutant using exportin-1 inhibitors; (ii) disruption of the nucleolus with drugs blocking the oligomerization of wild-type nucleophosmin or inducing nucleolar stress; and (iii) immunotherapeutic targeting of highly expressed CD33 and IL3RA (CD123) antigens. Finally, we discuss the role of demethylating agents (decitabine and azacitidine) and IDH1/2 inhibitors in the treatment of AML patients carrying mutations of genes (DNMT3A, IDH1/2 and TET2) involved in the epigenetic regulation of transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunangelo Falini
- Institute of Haematology-CREO (Centro di Ricerche Emato-Oncologiche), Ospedale S. Maria Misericordia, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Sportoletti
- Institute of Haematology-CREO (Centro di Ricerche Emato-Oncologiche), Ospedale S. Maria Misericordia, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Brunetti
- Institute of Haematology-CREO (Centro di Ricerche Emato-Oncologiche), Ospedale S. Maria Misericordia, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Martelli
- Institute of Haematology-CREO (Centro di Ricerche Emato-Oncologiche), Ospedale S. Maria Misericordia, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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134
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Fallah P, Amirizadeh N, Poopak B, Toogeh G, Arefian E, Kohram F, Hosseini Rad SMA, Kohram M, Teimori Naghadeh H, Soleimani M. Expression pattern of key microRNAs in patients with newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase. Int J Lab Hematol 2015; 37:560-8. [PMID: 25833191 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is caused by reciprocal translocation in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). This translocation forms the BCR-ABL1 oncogene, which alters several signaling pathways that control malignancy. CML has three phases: chronic, accelerated, and blast crisis. The microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are noncoding RNAs that downregulate their target gene by targeting 3' UTR of mRNA or through translational inhibition. It has been shown that miRNAs regulate many biological processes, and dysregulation of these regulatory RNAs is involved in disease development, particularly in cancer. The important role of miRNAs as therapeutic agents and biomarkers has been demonstrated in CML patients at different phases of the disease. METHODS Stem-loop reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to characterize differentially expressed miRNAs of leukocytes in the peripheral blood of 50 newly diagnosed CML patients in chronic phase. RESULTS Some onco-miRNAs were found to be downregulated (miR-155 and miR-106), and some tumor suppressor miRs (miR-16-1, miR-15a, miR-101, miR-568) were upregulated. CONCLUSION These results show that very few miRNAs alone would be good candidates for CML diagnosis independently of conflicting results, but together could be an additional tool for CML diagnosis. Moreover, miRNAs might be good candidates for prognosis prediction and CML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fallah
- Blood Transfusion Research center, High institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.,Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj, Iran
| | - N Amirizadeh
- Blood Transfusion Research center, High institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - B Poopak
- Medical science branch, Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - G Toogeh
- Thrombosis and Homeostasis Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - E Arefian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Kohram
- Department of Biology, Cell Molecular and Structural Biology Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - S M A Hosseini Rad
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Kohram
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
| | - H Teimori Naghadeh
- Blood Transfusion Research center, High institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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135
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Arsenic trioxide and all-trans retinoic acid target NPM1 mutant oncoprotein levels and induce apoptosis in NPM1-mutated AML cells. Blood 2015; 125:3455-65. [PMID: 25795919 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-11-611459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM1) mutations represent an attractive therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) because they are common (∼30% AML), stable, and behave as a founder genetic lesion. Oncoprotein targeting can be a successful strategy to treat AML, as proved in acute promyelocytic leukemia by treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) plus arsenic trioxide (ATO), which degrade the promyelocytic leukemia (PML)-retinoic acid receptor fusion protein. Adjunct of ATRA to chemotherapy was reported to be beneficial for NPM1-mutated AML patients. Leukemic cells with NPM1 mutation also showed sensibility to ATO in vitro. Here, we explore the mechanisms underlying these observations and show that ATO/ATRA induce proteasome-dependent degradation of NPM1 leukemic protein and apoptosis in NPM1-mutated AML cell lines and primary patients' cells. We also show that PML intracellular distribution is altered in NPM1-mutated AML cells and reverted by arsenic through oxidative stress induction. Interestingly, similarly to what was described for PML, oxidative stress also mediates ATO-induced degradation of the NPM1 mutant oncoprotein. Strikingly, NPM1 mutant downregulation by ATO/ATRA was shown to potentiate response to the anthracyclin daunorubicin. These findings provide experimental evidence for further exploring ATO/ATRA in preclinical NPM1-mutated AML in vivo models and a rationale for exploiting these compounds in chemotherapeutic regimens in clinics.
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136
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miR-21 is overexpressed in NPM1-mutant acute myeloid leukemias. Leuk Res 2015; 39:221-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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137
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Testa U, Pelosi E. MicroRNAs expressed in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells are deregulated in acute myeloid leukemias. Leuk Lymphoma 2015; 56:1466-74. [PMID: 25242094 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.955019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are key regulators of hematopoiesis, specifically involved in regulating the maintenance of stemness of primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and the early and late stages of hematopoietic differentiation. Some microRNAs have been found to be expressed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and primitive HPCs, and play a relevant role in regulation of the early steps of hematopoietic cell differentiation. Notable examples of these microRNAs are given by miR-22, miR-29, miR-125 and miR-126. These HSC/HPC-regulating microRNAs are often deregulated in some subsets of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with pathogenic, diagnostic and prognostic implications. Therefore, elucidation of the pattern of microRNA expression at the level of the early stages of hematopoietic cell differentiation has essential implications, not only for elucidation of the molecular bases of the early stages of hematopoietic differentiation, but also for a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Testa
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
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138
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Downregulation of microRNA-498 in colorectal cancers and its cellular effects. Exp Cell Res 2015; 330:423-428. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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139
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Expression and prognostic impact of lncRNAs in acute myeloid leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:18679-84. [PMID: 25512507 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1422050112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides, located within the intergenic stretches or overlapping antisense transcripts of protein coding genes. LncRNAs are involved in numerous biological roles including imprinting, epigenetic regulation, apoptosis, and cell cycle. To determine whether lncRNAs are associated with clinical features and recurrent mutations in older patients (aged ≥60 y) with cytogenetically normal (CN) acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we evaluated lncRNA expression in 148 untreated older CN-AML cases using a custom microarray platform. An independent set of 71 untreated older patients with CN-AML was used to validate the outcome scores using RNA sequencing. Distinctive lncRNA profiles were found associated with selected mutations, such as internal tandem duplications in the FLT3 gene (FLT3-ITD) and mutations in the NPM1, CEBPA, IDH2, ASXL1, and RUNX1 genes. Using the lncRNAs most associated with event-free survival in a training cohort of 148 older patients with CN-AML, we derived a lncRNA score composed of 48 lncRNAs. Patients with an unfavorable compared with favorable lncRNA score had a lower complete response (CR) rate [P < 0.001, odds ratio = 0.14, 54% vs. 89%], shorter disease-free survival (DFS) [P < 0.001, hazard ratio (HR) = 2.88] and overall survival (OS) (P < 0.001, HR = 2.95). The validation set analyses confirmed these results (CR, P = 0.03; DFS, P = 0.009; OS, P = 0.009). Multivariable analyses for CR, DFS, and OS identified the lncRNA score as an independent marker for outcome. In conclusion, lncRNA expression in AML is closely associated with recurrent mutations. A small subset of lncRNAs is correlated strongly with treatment response and survival.
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140
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Percio S, Coltella N, Grisanti S, Bernardi R, Pattini L. A HIF-1 network reveals characteristics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Genome Med 2014; 6:84. [PMID: 25452766 PMCID: PMC4249615 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-014-0084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a sub-type of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) characterized by a block of myeloid differentiation at the promyelocytic stage and the predominant t(15:17) chromosomal translocation. We have previously determined that cells from APL patients show increased expression of genes regulated by hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) compared to normal promyelocytes. HIFs regulate crucial aspects of solid tumor progression and are currently being implicated in leukemogenesis. Methods To investigate the contribution of hypoxia-related signaling in APL compared to other AML sub-types, we reverse engineered a transcriptional network from gene expression profiles of AML patients’ samples, starting from a list of direct target genes of HIF-1. A HIF-1-dependent subnetwork of genes specifically dysregulated in APL was derived from the comparison between APL and other AMLs. Results Interestingly, this subnetwork shows a unique involvement of genes related to extracellular matrix interaction and cell migration, with decreased expression of genes involved in cell adhesion and increased expression of genes implicated in motility and invasion, thus unveiling the presence of characteristics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We observed that the genes of this subnetwork, whose dysregulation shows a peculiar pattern across different AML sub-types, distinguish malignant from normal promyelocytes, thus ruling out dependence on a myeloid developmental stage. Also, expression of these genes is reversed upon treatment of APL-derived NB4 cells with all-trans retinoic acid and cell differentiation. Conclusions Our data suggest that pathways related to EMT-like processes can be implicated also in hematological malignancies besides solid tumors, and can identify specific AML sub-types. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13073-014-0084-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Percio
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Coltella
- Division of Molecular Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy ; Leukemia Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Grisanti
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Rosa Bernardi
- Division of Molecular Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy ; Leukemia Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Pattini
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
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141
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MicroRNA-29b regulates migration in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its clinical significance. Oral Oncol 2014; 51:170-7. [PMID: 25435433 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES MicroRNA (miRNA) machinery regulates cancer cell behavior, and has been implicated in patients' clinical status and prognosis. We found that microRNA-29b (miR-29b) increased significantly in advanced migratory cells. However, miR-29b controls the migration ability, and its regulatory mechanism in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS We triggered miR-29b expression in OSCC patients and cell lines by conducting real-time quantitative PCR. We determined the functions of miR-29b in the migration of OSCC cells by using gain- and loss-of-function approaches. We elevated the target genes of miR29b through software predictions and a luciferase report assay. We used an orthotopic OSCC animal model to investigate the effects of miR29b on OSCC cell metastasis in vivo. RESULTS The clinical data revealed that miR-29b expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis and an advanced tumor stage in 98 OSCC patients. Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed that miR-29b expression was significantly correlated with recurrence, and indicated poor survival. MiR-29b promoted OSCC cell migration and downregulated CX3CL1, a cell-cell adhesion regulator, which plays an essential role in miR-29b-regulated OSCC cell migration machinery. Furthermore, we found that CX3CL1 expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis and an early tumor stage in OSCC patients, and negatively correlated with miR-29b expression. CONCLUSION MiR-29b acts as an oncomir, promoting cell migration through CX3CL1 suppression, and could be a potential therapeutic target for preventing OSCC progression.
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142
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Chuang MK, Chiu YC, Chou WC, Hou HA, Chuang EY, Tien HF. A 3-microRNA scoring system for prognostication in de novo acute myeloid leukemia patients. Leukemia 2014; 29:1051-9. [PMID: 25428263 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
As a highly heterogeneous disease, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) needs fine risk stratification to get an optimal outcome of patients. MicroRNAs have florid biological functions and have critical roles in the pathogenesis and prognosis in AML. Expression levels of some single microRNAs are influential for prognosis, but a system integrating several together and considering the weight of each should be more powerful. We thus analyzed the clinical, genetic and microRNA profiling data of 138 de novo AML patients of our institute. By multivariate analysis, we identified that high expression of hsa-miR-9-5p and hsa-miR-155-5p were independent poor prognostic factors, whereas that of hsa-miR-203 had a trend to be a favorable factor. We constructed a scoring system from expression of these three microRNAs by considering the weight of each. The scores correlated with distinct clinical and biological features and outperformed single microRNA expression in prognostication. In both ours and another validation cohort, higher scores were associated with shorter overall survival, independent of other well-known prognostic factors. By analyzing the mRNA expression profiles, we sorted out several cancer-related pathways highly correlated with the microRNA prognostic signature. We conclude that this 3-microRNA scoring system is simple and powerful for risk stratification of de novo AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-K Chuang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-C Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - W-C Chou
- 1] Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H-A Hou
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - E Y Chuang
- 1] Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H-F Tien
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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143
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Khalaj M, Tavakkoli M, Stranahan AW, Park CY. Pathogenic microRNA's in myeloid malignancies. Front Genet 2014; 5:361. [PMID: 25477897 PMCID: PMC4237136 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have significantly improved our understanding of the role microRNAs (miRNAs) play in regulating normal hematopoiesis. miRNAs are critical for maintaining hematopoietic stem cell function and the development of mature progeny. Thus, perhaps it is not surprising that miRNAs serve as oncogenes and tumor suppressors in hematologic malignancies arising from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, such as the myeloid disorders. A number of studies have extensively documented the widespread dysregulation of miRNA expression in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML), inspiring numerous explorations of the functional role of miRNAs in myeloid leukemogenesis. While these investigations have confirmed that a large number of miRNAs exhibit altered expression in AML, only a small fraction has been confirmed as functional mediators of AML development or maintenance. Herein, we summarize the miRNAs for which strong experimental evidence supports their functional roles in AML pathogenesis. We also discuss the implications of these studies on the development of miRNA-directed therapies in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Khalaj
- Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University NY, USA ; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center NY, USA
| | - Montreh Tavakkoli
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center NY, USA
| | - Alec W Stranahan
- Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University NY, USA ; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center NY, USA
| | - Christopher Y Park
- Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University NY, USA ; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center NY, USA ; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center NY, USA
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144
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Liu C, Duan P, Li B, Huang C, Jing Y, Yan W. miR-29a activates Hes1 by targeting Nfia in esophageal carcinoma cell line TE-1. Oncol Lett 2014; 9:96-102. [PMID: 25435940 PMCID: PMC4246642 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)-29a has been associated with carcinogenesis in humans; however, its functional significance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is yet to be determined. In the present study, the expression of miR-29a was markedly downregulated in ESCC tissue and the ESCC TE-1 cell line, compared with normal esophageal tissue and cells. Furthermore, the present study identified that the forced expression of miR-29a in TE-1 cells significantly reduced cell proliferation and migration. miR-29a overexpression did not affect the expression of Notch1, however, it did increase the gene expression levels of hairy and enhancer of split 1 (Hes1), which is the key effector of the Notch signaling pathway. Direct targeting by miR-29a resulted in the downregulation of nuclear factor 1 A (Nfia), which represses the transcriptional activity of the Hes1 promoter. Furthermore, knockdown of Nfia increased Hes1 expression and inhibited cell growth in TE-1 cells. These results indicate that a low level of miR-29a expression is involved in ESCC tumorigenesis, and exogenous expression of miR-29a may repress cancer cell growth by downregulating Nfia and activating the Notch signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan 462002, P.R. China
| | - Ping Duan
- Department of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Chuntian Huang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China ; Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Ying Jing
- Department of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Wenhai Yan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan 462002, P.R. China ; Department of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
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145
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Lam V, Tokusumi T, Tokusumi Y, Schulz RA. bantam miRNA is important for Drosophila blood cell homeostasis and a regulator of proliferation in the hematopoietic progenitor niche. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 453:467-72. [PMID: 25280996 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.09.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Drosophila hematopoietic system is utilized in this study to gain novel insights into the process of growth control of the hematopoietic progenitor niche in blood development. The niche microenvironment is an essential component controlling the balance between progenitor populations and differentiated, mature blood cells and has been shown to lead to hematopoietic malignancies in humans when misregulated. MicroRNAs are one class of regulators associated with blood malignancies; however, there remains a relative paucity of information about the role of miRNAs in the niche. Here we demonstrate that bantam miRNA is endogenously active in the Drosophila hematopoietic progenitor niche, the posterior signaling center (PSC), and functions in the primary hematopoietic organ, the lymph gland, as a positive regulator of growth. Loss of bantam leads to a significant reduction in the PSC and overall lymph gland size, as well as a loss of the progenitor population and correlative premature differentiation of mature hemocytes. Interestingly, in addition to being essential for proper lymph gland development, we have determined bantam to be a novel upstream component of the insulin signaling cascade in the PSC and have unveiled dMyc as one factor central to bantam activity. These important findings identify bantam as a new hematopoietic regulator, place it in an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway, present one way in which it is regulated, and provide a mechanism through which it facilitates cellular proliferation in the hematopoietic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Lam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Tokusumi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Yumiko Tokusumi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Robert A Schulz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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146
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Giza DE, Vasilescu C, Calin GA. Key principles of miRNA involvement in human diseases. Discoveries (Craiova) 2014; 2:e34. [PMID: 26317116 PMCID: PMC4547364 DOI: 10.15190/d.2014.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although rapid progress in our understanding of the functions of miRNA has been made by experimentation and computational approach, a considerable effort still has to be done in determining the general principles that govern the miRNA's mode of action in human diseases. We will further discuss how these principles are being progressively approached by molecular studies, as well as the importance of miRNA in regulating different target genes and functions in specific biological contexts. There is a great demand to understand the principles of context - specific miRNA target recognition in order to design future experiments and models of normal developmental and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Elena Giza
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Hematology, Fundeni Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Catalin Vasilescu
- Department of Surgery, Fundeni Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- UMF Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
| | - George A. Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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147
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Sportoletti P, Varasano E, Rossi R, Mupo A, Tiacci E, Vassiliou G, Martelli MP, Falini B. Mouse models of NPM1-mutated acute myeloid leukemia: biological and clinical implications. Leukemia 2014; 29:269-78. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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148
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TET2 Inhibits Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells but Does Not Overcome Methylation-Induced Gene Silencing. BONE MARROW RESEARCH 2014; 2014:986571. [PMID: 25276435 PMCID: PMC4158571 DOI: 10.1155/2014/986571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
TET2 is a methylcytosine dioxygenase that is frequently mutated in myeloid malignancies, notably myelodysplasia and acute myeloid leukemia. TET2 catalyses the conversion of 5'-methylcytosine to 5'-hydroxymethylcytosine within DNA and has been implicated in the process of genomic demethylation. However, the mechanism by which TET2 loss of function results in hematopoietic dysplasia and leukemogenesis is poorly understood. Here, we show that TET2 is expressed in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells and that its knockdown results in reduction of 5'-hydroxymethylcytosine in genomic DNA. We also present DNA methylation data from bone marrow samples obtained from patients with TET2-mutated myelodysplasia. Based on these findings, we sought to identify the role of TET2 in regulating pluripotency and differentiation. We show that overexpression of TET2 in a stably integrated transgene leads to increased alkaline phosphatase expression in differentiating ES cells and impaired differentiation in methylcellulose culture. We speculate that this effect is due to TET2-mediated expression of stem cell genes in ES cells via hydroxylation of 5'-methylcytosines at key promoter sequences within genomic DNA. This leads to relative hypomethylation of gene promoters as 5'-hydroxymethylcytosine is not a substrate for DNMT1-mediated maintenance methylation. We sought to test this hypothesis by cotransfecting the TET2 gene with methylated reporter genes. The results of these experiments are presented.
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149
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Gerloff D, Grundler R, Wurm AA, Bräuer-Hartmann D, Katzerke C, Hartmann JU, Madan V, Müller-Tidow C, Duyster J, Tenen DG, Niederwieser D, Behre G. NF-κB/STAT5/miR-155 network targets PU.1 in FLT3-ITD-driven acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2014; 29:535-47. [PMID: 25092144 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Almost 30% of all acute myeloid leukemias (AML) are associated with an internal tandem duplication (ITD) in the juxtamembrane domain of FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 receptor (FLT3). Patients with FLT3-ITD mutations tend to have a poor prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have a pivotal role in myeloid differentiation and leukemia. MiRNA-155 (MiR-155) was found to be upregulated in FLT3-ITD-associated AMLs. In this study, we discovered that FLT3-ITD signaling induces the oncogenic miR-155. We show in vitro and in vivo that miR-155 expression is regulated by FLT3-ITD downstream targets nuclear factor-κB (p65) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5). Further, we demonstrate that miR-155 targets the myeloid transcription factor PU.1. Knockdown of miR-155 or overexpression of PU.1 blocks proliferation and induces apoptosis of FLT3-ITD-associated leukemic cells. Our data demonstrate a novel network in which FLT3-ITD signaling induces oncogenic miR-155 by p65 and STAT5 in AML, thereby targeting transcription factor PU.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gerloff
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - R Grundler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - A A Wurm
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - D Bräuer-Hartmann
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - C Katzerke
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J-U Hartmann
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - V Madan
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - C Müller-Tidow
- Department of Medicine IV, Hematology and Oncology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - J Duyster
- Department of Hematology/Oncology 1, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - D G Tenen
- 1] Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore [2] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Niederwieser
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - G Behre
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
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150
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Zeng CW, Chen ZH, Zhang XJ, Han BW, Lin KY, Li XJ, Wei PP, Zhang H, Li Y, Chen YQ. MIR125B1 represses the degradation of the PML-RARA oncoprotein by an autophagy-lysosomal pathway in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Autophagy 2014; 10:1726-37. [PMID: 25126724 DOI: 10.4161/auto.29592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by the t(15;17)-associated PML-RARA fusion gene. We have previously found that MIR125B1 is highly expressed in patients with APL and may be associated with disease pathogenesis; however, the mechanism by which MIR125B1 exerts its oncogenic potential has not been fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that MIR125B1 abundance correlates with the PML-RARA status. MIR125B1 overexpression enhanced PML-RARA expression and inhibited the ATRA-induced degradation of the PML-RARA oncoprotein. RNA-seq analysis revealed a direct link between the PML-RARA degradation pathway and MIR125B1-arrested differentiation. We further demonstrated that the MIR125B1-mediated blockade of PML-RARA proteolysis was regulated via an autophagy-lysosomal pathway, contributing to the inhibition of APL differentiation. Furthermore, we identified DRAM2 (DNA-damage regulated autophagy modulator 2), a critical regulator of autophagy, as a novel target that was at least partly responsible for the function of MIR125B1 involved in autophagy. Importantly, the knockdown phenotypes for DRAM2 are similar to the effects of overexpressing MIR125B1 as impairment of PML-RARA degradation, inhibition of autophagy, and myeloid cell differentiation arrest. These effects of MIR125B1 and its target DRAM2 were further confirmed in an APL mouse model. Thus, MIR125B1 dysregulation may interfere with the effectiveness of ATRA-mediated differentiation through an autophagy-dependent pathway, representing a novel potential APL therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education; State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol; School of Life Science; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education; State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol; School of Life Science; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing-Ju Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education; State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol; School of Life Science; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo-Wei Han
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education; State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol; School of Life Science; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang-Yu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education; State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol; School of Life Science; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education; State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol; School of Life Science; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou, China
| | - Pan-Pan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education; State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol; School of Life Science; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- China-America Cancer Research Institute; Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province; Guangdong Medical College; Dongguan, China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Institute of Hematology; Medical College; Jinan University; Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Qin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education; State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol; School of Life Science; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou, China
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