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Abstract
B cell receptor (BCR) signalling is crucial for normal B cell development and adaptive immunity. BCR signalling also supports the survival and growth of malignant B cells in patients with B cell leukaemias or lymphomas. The mechanism of BCR pathway activation in these diseases includes continuous BCR stimulation by microbial antigens or autoantigens present in the tissue microenvironment, activating mutations within the BCR complex or downstream signalling components and ligand-independent tonic BCR signalling. The most established agents targeting BCR signalling are Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors and PI3K isoform-specific inhibitors, and their introduction into the clinic is rapidly changing how B cell malignancies are treated. B cells and BCR-related kinases, such as BTK, also play a role in the microenvironment of solid tumours, such as squamous cell carcinoma and pancreatic cancer, and therefore targeting B cells or BCR-related kinases may have anticancer activity beyond B cell malignancies.
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MESH Headings
- Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/metabolism
- Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan A Burger
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Adrian Wiestner
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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102
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Schuhmacher B, Rengstl B, Döring C, Bein J, Newrzela S, Brunnberg U, Kvasnicka HM, Vornanen M, Küppers R, Hansmann ML, Hartmann S. A strong host response and lack of MYC expression are characteristic for diffuse large B cell lymphoma transformed from nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:72197-72210. [PMID: 27708232 PMCID: PMC5342154 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is an indolent lymphoma, but can transform into diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), showing a more aggressive clinical behavior. Little is known about these cases on the molecular level. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to characterize DLBCL transformed from NLPHL (LP-DLBCL) by gene expression profiling (GEP). GEP revealed an inflammatory signature pinpointing to a specific host response. In a coculture model resembling this host response, DEV tumor cells showed an impaired growth behavior. Mechanisms involved in the reduced tumor cell proliferation included a downregulation of MYC and its target genes. Lack of MYC expression was also confirmed in 12/16 LP-DLBCL by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, CD274/PD-L1 was upregulated in DEV tumor cells after coculture with T cells or monocytes and its expression was validated in 12/19 cases of LP-DLBCL. Thereby, our data provide new insights into the pathogenesis of LP-DLBCL and an explanation for the relatively low tumor cell content. Moreover, the findings suggest that treatment of these patients with immune checkpoint inhibitors may enhance an already ongoing host response in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Schuhmacher
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Benjamin Rengstl
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Claudia Döring
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julia Bein
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sebastian Newrzela
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Uta Brunnberg
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, Hospital of the J. W. Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Martine Vornanen
- Department of Pathology, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ralf Küppers
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin-Leo Hansmann
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sylvia Hartmann
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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103
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Glauzy S, Boccitto M, Bannock JM, Delmotte FR, Saadoun D, Cacoub P, Ice JA, Sivils KL, James JA, Wolin SL, Meffre E. Accumulation of Antigen-Driven Lymphoproliferations in Complement Receptor 2/CD21 -/low B Cells From Patients With Sjögren's Syndrome. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:298-307. [PMID: 29073352 DOI: 10.1002/art.40352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) are prone to develop malignant lymphomas, and a correlation has been established between the lymphoproliferations occurring in these disorders and the presence in patients' blood of an unusual B cell population that down-regulates complement receptor 2/CD21. This study was undertaken to identify the B cell compartment from which these lymphoproliferations emerge and determine the mechanisms that promote clonal B cell expansion in patients with SS. METHODS The reactivity of antibodies expressed by CD19+CD10-CD27-IgM+CD21-/low cells isolated from the blood of patients with SS was tested using a polymerase chain reaction-based approach that allows us to clone and express, in vitro, recombinant antibodies produced by single B cells. RESULTS Clonal expansions were identified in CD21-/low B cells isolated from the peripheral blood of 3 patients with SS. These lymphoproliferations expressed B cell receptors (BCRs) that displayed somatic hypermutation lineage trees characteristic of a strong selection by antigens; one of these antigens was identified as a ribosomal self antigen. When the mutated BCR sequences expressed by the expanded CD21-/low B cell clones from patients with SS were reverted in vitro to their germline counterparts, one clone remained autoreactive. CONCLUSION Clonal lymphoproliferations in patients with SS preferentially accumulate in the autoreactive CD21-/low B cell compartment often expanded in these subjects, and recognition of self antigens may drive the clonal B cell expansion while further refining BCR self-reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Glauzy
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Marco Boccitto
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | | | - David Saadoun
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 7211, Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department, INSERM, UMR S 959, CNRS, FRE3632, and AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, National Reference Center for Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Patrice Cacoub
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 7211, Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department, INSERM, UMR S 959, CNRS, FRE3632, and AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, National Reference Center for Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases, Paris, France
| | - John A Ice
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City
| | - Kathy L Sivils
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation and University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Judith A James
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation and University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Sandra L Wolin
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Eric Meffre
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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104
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Guo L, Lin P, Xiong H, Tu S, Chen G. Molecular heterogeneity in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and its implications in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1869:85-96. [PMID: 29337112 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over half of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) can be cured by standard R-CHOP treatment (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone). However, the remaining patients are refractory and ultimately succumb to progressive or relapsed disease. During the past decade, there has been significant progress in the understanding of molecular mechanisms in DLBCL, largely owing to collaborative efforts in large-scale gene expression profiling and deep sequencing, which have identified genetic alterations critical in lymphomagenesis through activation of key signaling transduction pathways in DLBCL. These discoveries have not only led to the development of targeted therapies, including several currently in clinical trials, but also laid a solid foundation for the future identification of more effective therapies for patients not curable by R-CHOP. This review summarizes the recent advances in our understanding of the molecular characterization and pathogenesis of DLBCL and new treatment directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchuan Guo
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China.
| | - Pei Lin
- Department of Hematopathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Box 72, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Hui Xiong
- Shanghai Righton Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 1698 Wangyuan Road, Building 12, Fengxian District, Shanghai 201403, China.
| | - Shichun Tu
- Shanghai Righton Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 1698 Wangyuan Road, Building 12, Fengxian District, Shanghai 201403, China; Scintillon Institute for Biomedical and Bioenergy Research, 6888 Nancy Ridge Dr., San Diego, CA 92121, USA; Allele Biotechnology & Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6404 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology of Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, 420 Fuma Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, China.
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105
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Biology Informs Treatment Choices in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:871-882. [PMID: 29198442 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The effective deployment of rationally developed therapies for diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) requires rapid assimilation of new biological data. Within this framework, here we address topical issues at the intersection of DLBCL biology and the clinic. We discuss targeting of B cell receptor (BCR) signaling, with emphasis on identifying patients who may benefit from this maneuver and how to best achieve it. We address strategies to modulate the DLBCL microenvironment, including the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in selected DLBCL subsets, and the potential activity of alternative antiangiogenic therapies. Lastly, we highlight the emerging recognition of MYC and BCL2 coexpression as the most robust predictor of DLBCL outcome, and discuss rationally conceived experimental approaches to treat these high-risk patients.
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106
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Yasuda S, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Yamamura M, Wang JY. A model integrating tonic and antigen-triggered BCR signals to predict the survival of primary B cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14888. [PMID: 29097663 PMCID: PMC5668375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13993-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The BCR constitutively transmits a “tonic” survival signal in the absence of exogenous antigen-binding. However, the strength of tonic BCR signal and its relationship with antigen-triggered survival signal are poorly understood. We found that primary B cells expressing high levels of BCR had elevated BCR tonic signal and increased survival compared with those expressing low levels of BCR. In addition, we found that crosslinking BCR with low doses of F(ab′)2 α-IgM antibodies did not enhance, but rather decreased, B cell survival and that only when most of the BCR were occupied by F(ab′)2 α-IgM antibodies was B cell survival enhanced. Based on these experimental results, we present a mathematical model integrating tonic and antigen-triggered BCR signals. Our model indicates that the signal generated from crosslinked BCR is 4.3 times as strong as the tonic signal generated from free BCR and that the threshold of B cell activation corresponds to the signal generated by crosslinking 61% of the surface BCR. This model also allows the prediction of the survival probability of a B cell based on its initial BCR level and the strength and duration of antigen stimulation, and fits with the mechanism of B cell tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoya Yasuda
- Department of Computational Intelligence and Systems Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Masayuki Yamamura
- School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan.
| | - Ji-Yang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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107
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Abstract
Purpose of review The CARMA1/BCL10/MALT1 (CBM) complex is a multimeric signaling complex controlling several important aspects of lymphocyte activation. Gain-of-function mutations in the genes encoding CBM proteins or their upstream regulators are associated with lymphoid malignancies, whereas loss-of-function mutations lead to immunodeficiency. This review reports on recent findings advancing our understanding of how CBM proteins contribute to malignant and nonmalignant hematological diseases in humans. Recent findings Somatic gain-of-function mutations of CARMA1 (also known as CARD11), originally described for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, have recently been identified in patients with acute T-cell leukemia/lymphoma or Sézary syndrome, and in patients with a B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder known as BENTA. Loss-of-function mutations of CARMA1 and MALT1, on the other hand, have been reported to underlie human immunodeficiency. Lately, it has become clear that CBM-dependent signaling promotes lymphomagenesis not only via NF-κB activation, but also via the AP-1 family of transcription factors. The identification of new substrates of the protease MALT1 and the characterization of mice expressing catalytically inactive MALT1 have deepened our understanding of how the CBM complex controls lymphocyte proliferation through promoting MALT1's protease activity. Summary The discovery of CARMA1 gain-of-function mutations in T-cell malignancies and BENTA patients, as well as the association of CARMA1 and MALT1 mutations with human immunodeficiency highlight the importance of CBM proteins in the regulation of lymphocyte functions, and suggest that the protease activity of MALT1 might be targeted to treat specific lymphoid malignancies.
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108
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Pongas GN, Annunziata CM, Staudt LM. PI3Kδ inhibition causes feedback activation of PI3Kα in the ABC subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:81794-81802. [PMID: 29137222 PMCID: PMC5669848 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell line models of the activated B cell-like (ABC) subtype of diffuse large B cell (DLBCL) depend on both NF-κB and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathways for survival, especially those with gain-of-function B cell receptor (BCR) mutations. Here we show that these cells depend specifically on the PI3Kδ isoform, but that PI3K pathway interruption by PI3Kδ inhibitors is short-lived due to feedback activation of the PI3Kα isoform. PI3Kδ and PI3Kα inhibition cooperated in killing ABC DLBCL lines, and genetic knockdown of PI3Kα sensitized cells to PI3Kδ inhibition and prolonged the interruption of PI3K signaling. PI3Kδ inhibition evoked feedback activation of proximal BCR signaling, which increased the association of PI3Kα with BCAP and CD19 and increased overall PI3K activity. These results support the clinical evaluation of dual PI3Kδ and PI3Kα inhibition in patients with ABC DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios N Pongas
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christina M Annunziata
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Louis M Staudt
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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109
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Moody S, Escudero-Ibarz L, Wang M, Clipson A, Ochoa Ruiz E, Dunn-Walters D, Xue X, Zeng N, Robson A, Chuang SS, Cogliatti S, Liu H, Goodlad J, Ashton-Key M, Raderer M, Bi Y, Du MQ. Significant association between TNFAIP3
inactivation and biased immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region 4-34 usage in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. J Pathol 2017; 243:3-8. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Moody
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - Leire Escudero-Ibarz
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - Ming Wang
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - Alexandra Clipson
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - Eguzkine Ochoa Ruiz
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - Deborah Dunn-Walters
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Inflammatory Disease; King's College London Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine; London UK
| | - Xuemin Xue
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - Naiyan Zeng
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - Alistair Robson
- Department of Dermatopathology; St John's Institute of Dermatology; London UK
| | | | - Sergio Cogliatti
- Institute of Pathology; State Hospital St Gallen; St Gallen Switzerland
| | - Hongxiang Liu
- Molecular Malignancy Laboratory, Addenbrooke's Hospital; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Cambridge UK
| | - John Goodlad
- Department of Pathology, Western General Hospital; NHS Lothian University Hospitals Trust; Edinburgh UK
| | - Margaret Ashton-Key
- Department of Cellular Pathology; Southampton University Hospitals National Health Service Trust; Southampton UK
| | - Markus Raderer
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Oncology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Yingwen Bi
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- Department of Pathology, Eye & ENT Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai PR China
| | - Ming-Qing Du
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- Molecular Malignancy Laboratory, Addenbrooke's Hospital; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Cambridge UK
- Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Cambridge UK
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110
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Meininger I, Krappmann D. Lymphocyte signaling and activation by the CARMA1-BCL10-MALT1 signalosome. Biol Chem 2017; 397:1315-1333. [PMID: 27420898 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The CARMA1-BCL10-MALT1 (CBM) signalosome triggers canonical NF-κB signaling and lymphocyte activation upon antigen-receptor stimulation. Genetic studies in mice and the analysis of human immune pathologies unveiled a critical role of the CBM complex in adaptive immune responses. Great progress has been made in elucidating the fundamental mechanisms that dictate CBM assembly and disassembly. By bridging proximal antigen-receptor signaling to downstream signaling pathways, the CBM complex exerts a crucial scaffolding function. Moreover, the MALT1 subunit confers a unique proteolytic activity that is key for lymphocyte activation. Deregulated 'chronic' CBM signaling drives constitutive NF-κB signaling and MALT1 activation, which contribute to the development of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases as well as lymphomagenesis. Thus, the processes that govern CBM activation and function are promising targets for the treatment of immune disorders. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the functions and mechanisms of CBM signaling in lymphocytes and how CBM deregulations contribute to aberrant signaling in malignant lymphomas.
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111
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Abstract
We used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9-mediated genomic modification to investigate B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling in cell lines of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Three manipulations that altered BCR genes without affecting surface BCR levels showed that BCR signaling differs between the germinal center B-cell (GCB) subtype, which is insensitive to Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibition by ibrutinib, and the activated B-cell (ABC) subtype. Replacing antigen-binding BCR regions had no effect on BCR signaling in GCB-DLBCL lines, reflecting this subtype's exclusive use of tonic BCR signaling. Conversely, Y188F mutation in the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif of CD79A inhibited tonic BCR signaling in GCB-DLBCL lines but did not affect their calcium flux after BCR cross-linking or the proliferation of otherwise-unmodified ABC-DLBCL lines. CD79A-GFP fusion showed BCR clustering or diffuse distribution, respectively, in lines of ABC and GCB subtypes. Tonic BCR signaling acts principally to activate AKT, and forced activation of AKT rescued GCB-DLBCL lines from knockout (KO) of the BCR or 2 mediators of tonic BCR signaling, SYK and CD19. The magnitude and importance of tonic BCR signaling to proliferation and size of GCB-DLBCL lines, shown by the effect of BCR KO, was highly variable; in contrast, pan-AKT KO was uniformly toxic. This discrepancy was explained by finding that BCR KO-induced changes in AKT activity (measured by gene expression, CXCR4 level, and a fluorescent reporter) correlated with changes in proliferation and with baseline BCR surface density. PTEN protein expression and BCR surface density may influence clinical response to therapeutic inhibition of tonic BCR signaling in DLBCL.
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112
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Lionakis MS, Dunleavy K, Roschewski M, Widemann BC, Butman JA, Schmitz R, Yang Y, Cole DE, Melani C, Higham CS, Desai JV, Ceribelli M, Chen L, Thomas CJ, Little RF, Gea-Banacloche J, Bhaumik S, Stetler-Stevenson M, Pittaluga S, Jaffe ES, Heiss J, Lucas N, Steinberg SM, Staudt LM, Wilson WH. Inhibition of B Cell Receptor Signaling by Ibrutinib in Primary CNS Lymphoma. Cancer Cell 2017; 31:833-843.e5. [PMID: 28552327 PMCID: PMC5571650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) harbors mutations that reinforce B cell receptor (BCR) signaling. Ibrutinib, a Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, targets BCR signaling and is particularly active in lymphomas with mutations altering the BCR subunit CD79B and MYD88. We performed a proof-of-concept phase Ib study of ibrutinib monotherapy followed by ibrutinib plus chemotherapy (DA-TEDDi-R). In 18 PCNSL patients, 94% showed tumor reductions with ibrutinib alone, including patients having PCNSL with CD79B and/or MYD88 mutations, and 86% of evaluable patients achieved complete remission with DA-TEDDi-R. Increased aspergillosis was observed with ibrutinib monotherapy and DA-TEDDi-R. Aspergillosis was linked to BTK-dependent fungal immunity in a murine model. PCNSL is highly dependent on BCR signaling, and ibrutinib appears to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail S Lionakis
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kieron Dunleavy
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark Roschewski
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brigitte C Widemann
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John A Butman
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Roland Schmitz
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yandan Yang
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Diane E Cole
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christopher Melani
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christine S Higham
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jigar V Desai
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michele Ceribelli
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Gaithersburg, MD 20850, USA
| | - Lu Chen
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Gaithersburg, MD 20850, USA
| | - Craig J Thomas
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Gaithersburg, MD 20850, USA
| | - Richard F Little
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Juan Gea-Banacloche
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sucharita Bhaumik
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maryalice Stetler-Stevenson
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elaine S Jaffe
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John Heiss
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicole Lucas
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Seth M Steinberg
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Louis M Staudt
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Wyndham H Wilson
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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113
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Carter MJ, Cox KL, Blakemore SJ, Turaj AH, Oldham RJ, Dahal LN, Tannheimer S, Forconi F, Packham G, Cragg MS. PI3Kδ inhibition elicits anti-leukemic effects through Bim-dependent apoptosis. Leukemia 2017; 31:1423-1433. [PMID: 27843137 PMCID: PMC5467045 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PI3Kδ plays pivotal roles in the maintenance, proliferation and survival of malignant B-lymphocytes. Although not curative, PI3Kδ inhibitors (PI3Kδi) demonstrate impressive clinical efficacy and, alongside other signaling inhibitors, are revolutionizing the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, only limited in vivo data are available regarding their mechanism of action. With the rising number of novel treatments, the challenge is to identify combinations that deliver curative regimes. A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanism is required to guide these selections. Currently, immunomodulation, inhibition of B-cell receptor signaling, chemokine/cytokine signaling and apoptosis represent potential therapeutic mechanisms for PI3Kδi. Here we characterize the molecular mechanisms responsible for PI3Kδi-induced apoptosis in an in vivo model of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In vitro, PI3Kδi-induced substantive apoptosis and disrupted microenvironment-derived signaling in murine (Eμ-Tcl1) and human (CLL) leukemia cells. Furthermore, PI3Kδi imparted significant therapeutic responses in Eμ-Tcl1-bearing animals and enhanced anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy. Responses correlated with upregulation of the pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein Bim. Accordingly, Bim-/- Eμ-Tcl1 Tg leukemias demonstrated resistance to PI3Kδi-induced apoptosis were refractory to PI3Kδi in vivo and failed to display combination efficacy with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy. Therefore, Bim-dependent apoptosis represents a key in vivo therapeutic mechanism for PI3Kδi, both alone and in combination therapy regimes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Bcl-2-Like Protein 11/genetics
- Bcl-2-Like Protein 11/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Carter
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - K L Cox
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - S J Blakemore
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - A H Turaj
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - R J Oldham
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - L N Dahal
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | | | - F Forconi
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - G Packham
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - M S Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
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114
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Role of plasma cells in Waldenström macroglobulinaemia. Pathology 2017; 49:337-345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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115
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de Winde CM, Elfrink S, van Spriel AB. Novel Insights into Membrane Targeting of B Cell Lymphoma. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:442-453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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116
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Sujobert P, Salles G, Bachy E. Molecular Classification of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma: What Is Clinically Relevant? Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2017; 30:1163-1177. [PMID: 27888873 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Major progress in the understanding of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) biology has been made in the last decade. Many specific compounds have now entered early phase clinical trials. However, further efforts are needed to find an accurate, fast, reproducible, and affordable technique to translate DLBCL subtype determination by gene expression profiles into clinical application. This article discusses the advantages and drawbacks of the currently available techniques of DLBCL subtype determination as well as important prognostic implications related to the cell of origin. Furthermore, the article provides a schematic description of how molecularly defined DLBCL subtypes could guide tailored therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Sujobert
- Laboratory of Hematology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Lyon Sud, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, Pierre-Bénite 69310, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Gilles Salles
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286, Lyon, France; Department of Hematology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Lyon Sud, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, Pierre-Bénite 69310, France.
| | - Emmanuel Bachy
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286, Lyon, France; Department of Hematology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Lyon Sud, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, Pierre-Bénite 69310, France
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117
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Schickel JN, Glauzy S, Ng YS, Chamberlain N, Massad C, Isnardi I, Katz N, Uzel G, Holland SM, Picard C, Puel A, Casanova JL, Meffre E. Self-reactive VH4-34-expressing IgG B cells recognize commensal bacteria. J Exp Med 2017; 214:1991-2003. [PMID: 28500047 PMCID: PMC5502416 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human VH4-34 gene segment encodes intrinsically self-reactive antibodies that recognize I/i carbohydrates. Schickel et al. show that these self-reactive clones may represent an innate-like B cell population specialized in the containment of commensal bacteria when gut barriers are breached. The germline immunoglobulin (Ig) variable heavy chain 4–34 (VH4-34) gene segment encodes in humans intrinsically self-reactive antibodies that recognize I/i carbohydrates expressed by erythrocytes with a specific motif in their framework region 1 (FWR1). VH4-34–expressing clones are common in the naive B cell repertoire but are rarely found in IgG memory B cells from healthy individuals. In contrast, CD27+IgG+ B cells from patients genetically deficient for IRAK4 or MYD88, which mediate the function of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) except TLR3, contained VH4-34–expressing clones and showed decreased somatic hypermutation frequencies. In addition, VH4-34–encoded IgGs from IRAK4- and MYD88-deficient patients often displayed an unmutated FWR1 motif, revealing that these antibodies still recognize I/i antigens, whereas their healthy donor counterparts harbored FWR1 mutations abolishing self-reactivity. However, this paradoxical self-reactivity correlated with these VH4-34–encoded IgG clones binding commensal bacteria antigens. Hence, B cells expressing germline-encoded self-reactive VH4-34 antibodies may represent an innate-like B cell population specialized in the containment of commensal bacteria when gut barriers are breached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Nicolas Schickel
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Salomé Glauzy
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Yen-Shing Ng
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Nicolas Chamberlain
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Christopher Massad
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Isabelle Isnardi
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Nathan Katz
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Gulbu Uzel
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.,Clinical Genomics Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Capucine Picard
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Anne Puel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France.,Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France.,St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065
| | - Eric Meffre
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
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118
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Latent Membrane Protein 1 (LMP1) and LMP2A Collaborate To Promote Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced B Cell Lymphomas in a Cord Blood-Humanized Mouse Model but Are Not Essential. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.01928-16. [PMID: 28077657 PMCID: PMC5355617 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01928-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is associated with B cell lymphomas in humans. The ability of EBV to convert human B cells into long-lived lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) in vitro requires the collaborative effects of EBNA2 (which hijacks Notch signaling), latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) (which mimics CD40 signaling), and EBV-encoded nuclear antigen 3A (EBNA3A) and EBNA3C (which inhibit oncogene-induced senescence and apoptosis). However, we recently showed that an LMP1-deleted EBV mutant induces B cell lymphomas in a newly developed cord blood-humanized mouse model that allows EBV-infected B cells to interact with CD4 T cells (the major source of CD40 ligand). Here we examined whether the EBV LMP2A protein, which mimics constitutively active B cell receptor signaling, is required for EBV-induced lymphomas in this model. We find that the deletion of LMP2A delays the onset of EBV-induced lymphomas but does not affect the tumor phenotype or the number of tumors. The simultaneous deletion of both LMP1 and LMP2A results in fewer tumors and a further delay in tumor onset. Nevertheless, the LMP1/LMP2A double mutant induces lymphomas in approximately half of the infected animals. These results indicate that neither LMP1 nor LMP2A is absolutely essential for the ability of EBV to induce B cell lymphomas in the cord blood-humanized mouse model, although the simultaneous loss of both LMP1 and LMP2A decreases the proportion of animals developing tumors and increases the time to tumor onset. Thus, the expression of either LMP1 or LMP2A may be sufficient to promote early-onset EBV-induced tumors in this model.IMPORTANCE EBV causes human lymphomas, but few models are available for dissecting how EBV causes lymphomas in vivo in the context of a host immune response. We recently used a newly developed cord blood-humanized mouse model to show that EBV can cooperate with human CD4 T cells to cause B cell lymphomas even when a major viral transforming protein, LMP1, is deleted. Here we examined whether the EBV protein LMP2A, which mimics B cell receptor signaling, is required for EBV-induced lymphomas in this model. We find that the deletion of LMP2A alone has little effect on the ability of EBV to cause lymphomas but delays tumor onset. The deletion of both LMP1 and LMP2A results in a smaller number of lymphomas in infected animals, with an even more delayed time to tumor onset. These results suggest that LMP1 and LMP2A collaborate to promote early-onset lymphomas in this model, but neither protein is absolutely essential.
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119
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Du MQ. MALT lymphoma: Genetic abnormalities, immunological stimulation and molecular mechanism. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2017; 30:13-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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120
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Rizzo D, Viailly PJ, Mareschal S, Bohers E, Picquenot JM, Penther D, Dubois S, Marchand V, Bertrand P, Maingonnat C, Etancelin P, Feuillard J, Bastard C, Tilly H, Jardin F, Ruminy P. Oncogenic events rather than antigen selection pressure may be the main driving forces for relapse in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Am J Hematol 2017; 92:68-76. [PMID: 27737507 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Little is known on the phylogenetic relationship between diagnostic and relapse clones of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We applied high throughput sequencing (HTS) of the VDJ locus of Immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGHV) on 14 DLBCL patients with serial samples, including tumor biopsies and/or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Phylogenetic data were consolidated with targeted sequencing and cytogenetics. Phylogeny clearly showed that DLBCL relapse could occur according either an early or a late divergent mode. These two modes of divergence were independent from the elapsed time between diagnosis and relapse. We found no significant features for antigen selection pressure in complementary determining region both at diagnosis and relapse for 9/12 pairs and a conserved negative selection pressure for the three remaining cases. Targeted HTS and conventional cytogenetics revealed a branched vs. linear evolution for 5/5 IGHV early divergent cases, but unexpected such "oncogenetic" branched evolution could be found in at least 2/7 IGHV late divergent cases. Thus, if BCR signaling is mandatory for DLBCL emergence, oncogenetic events under chemotherapy selection pressure may be the main driving forces at relapse. Finally, circulating subclones with divergent IGHV somatic hypermutations patterns from initial biopsy could be detected in PBMC at diagnosis for 4/6 patients and, for two of them, at least one was similar to the ones found at relapse. This study highlights that oncogenetic intraclonal diversity of DLBCL should be evaluated beyond the scope a single biopsy and represents a rationale for future investigations using peripheral blood for lymphoid malignancies genotyping. Am. J. Hematol. 92:68-76, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rizzo
- INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen; Rouen France
- Department of biological hematology; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dupuytren; Limoges France
| | - Pierre-Julien Viailly
- INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen; Rouen France
| | - Sylvain Mareschal
- INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen; Rouen France
| | - Elodie Bohers
- INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen; Rouen France
| | - Jean-Michel Picquenot
- INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen; Rouen France
- Department of pathology; Centre Henri Becquerel; Rouen France
| | - Dominique Penther
- INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen; Rouen France
- Department of oncology genetics; Centre Henri Becquerel; Rouen France
| | - Sydney Dubois
- INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen; Rouen France
| | - Vinciane Marchand
- INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen; Rouen France
| | - Philippe Bertrand
- INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen; Rouen France
| | - Catherine Maingonnat
- INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen; Rouen France
| | - Pascaline Etancelin
- INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen; Rouen France
- Department of oncology genetics; Centre Henri Becquerel; Rouen France
| | - Jean Feuillard
- Department of biological hematology; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dupuytren; Limoges France
- UMR CNRS 7276, University of Limoges; Limoges France
| | - Christian Bastard
- INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen; Rouen France
- Department of oncology genetics; Centre Henri Becquerel; Rouen France
| | - Hervé Tilly
- INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen; Rouen France
- Department of clinical hematology; Centre Henri Becquerel; Rouen France
| | - Fabrice Jardin
- INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen; Rouen France
- Department of clinical hematology; Centre Henri Becquerel; Rouen France
| | - Philippe Ruminy
- INSERM U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen; Rouen France
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121
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Distinct patterns of B-cell receptor signaling in non-Hodgkin lymphomas identified by single-cell profiling. Blood 2016; 129:759-770. [PMID: 28011673 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-05-718494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinases downstream of B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) represent attractive targets for therapy in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). As clinical responses vary, improved knowledge regarding activation and regulation of BCR signaling in individual patients is needed. Here, using phosphospecific flow cytometry to obtain malignant B-cell signaling profiles from 95 patients representing 4 types of NHL revealed a striking contrast between chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) tumors. Lymphoma cells from diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients had high basal phosphorylation levels of most measured signaling nodes, whereas follicular lymphoma cells represented the opposite pattern with no or very low basal levels. MCL showed large interpatient variability in basal levels, and elevated levels for the phosphorylated forms of AKT, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38, STAT1, and STAT5 were associated with poor outcome. CLL tumors had elevated basal levels for the phosphorylated forms of BCR-signaling nodes (Src family tyrosine kinase, spleen tyrosine kinase [SYK], phospholipase Cγ), but had low α-BCR-induced signaling. This contrasted MCL tumors, where α-BCR-induced signaling was variable, but significantly potentiated as compared with the other types. Overexpression of CD79B, combined with a gating strategy whereby signaling output was directly quantified per cell as a function of CD79B levels, confirmed a direct relationship between surface CD79B, immunoglobulin M (IgM), and IgM-induced signaling levels. Furthermore, α-BCR-induced signaling strength was variable across patient samples and correlated with BCR subunit CD79B expression, but was inversely correlated with susceptibility to Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) and SYK inhibitors in MCL. These individual differences in BCR levels and signaling might relate to differences in therapy responses to BCR-pathway inhibitors.
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122
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Sabouri Z, Perotti S, Spierings E, Humburg P, Yabas M, Bergmann H, Horikawa K, Roots C, Lambe S, Young C, Andrews TD, Field M, Enders A, Reed JH, Goodnow CC. IgD attenuates the IgM-induced anergy response in transitional and mature B cells. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13381. [PMID: 27830696 PMCID: PMC5109548 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-tolerance by clonal anergy of B cells is marked by an increase in IgD and decrease in IgM antigen receptor surface expression, yet the function of IgD on anergic cells is obscure. Here we define the RNA landscape of the in vivo anergy response, comprising 220 induced sequences including a core set of 97. Failure to co-express IgD with IgM decreases overall expression of receptors for self-antigen, but paradoxically increases the core anergy response, exemplified by increased Sdc1 encoding the cell surface marker syndecan-1. IgD expressed on its own is nevertheless competent to induce calcium signalling and the core anergy mRNA response. Syndecan-1 induction correlates with reduction of surface IgM and is exaggerated without surface IgD in many transitional and mature B cells. These results show that IgD attenuates the response to self-antigen in anergic cells and promotes their accumulation. In this way, IgD minimizes tolerance-induced holes in the pre-immune antibody repertoire. Self-reactive B cells that are anergic express mainly IgD, yet the function of IgD is not clear. Here the authors analyse primary B cells from mice to show that IgD signalling attenuates self-antigen induced gene expression and promotes survival of anergic B cells that might go on to reactivate to foreign antigens and mutate away from self-reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sabouri
- Department of Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, 131 Garran Rd, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Samuel Perotti
- Department of Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, 131 Garran Rd, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Emily Spierings
- Department of Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, 131 Garran Rd, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Peter Humburg
- Immunology Division, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Mehmet Yabas
- Department of Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, 131 Garran Rd, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.,Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Trakya University, 22030 Edirne, Turkey
| | - Hannes Bergmann
- Department of Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, 131 Garran Rd, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Keisuke Horikawa
- Department of Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, 131 Garran Rd, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Carla Roots
- Department of Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, 131 Garran Rd, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Samantha Lambe
- Department of Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, 131 Garran Rd, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Clara Young
- Department of Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, 131 Garran Rd, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - T Dan Andrews
- Department of Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, 131 Garran Rd, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Matthew Field
- Department of Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, 131 Garran Rd, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Anselm Enders
- Department of Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, 131 Garran Rd, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Joanne H Reed
- Immunology Division, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Christopher C Goodnow
- Department of Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, 131 Garran Rd, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.,Immunology Division, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
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123
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Malcolm TIM, Hodson DJ, Macintyre EA, Turner SD. Challenging perspectives on the cellular origins of lymphoma. Open Biol 2016; 6:rsob.160232. [PMID: 27683157 PMCID: PMC5043587 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Both B and T lymphocytes have signature traits that set them apart from other cell types. They actively and repeatedly rearrange their DNA in order to produce a unique and functional antigen receptor, they have potential for massive clonal expansion upon encountering antigen via this receptor or its precursor, and they have the capacity to be extremely long lived as ‘memory’ cells. All three of these traits are fundamental to their ability to function as the adaptive immune response to infectious agents, but concurrently render these cells vulnerable to transformation. Thus, it is classically considered that lymphomas arise at a relatively late stage in a lymphocyte's development during the process of modifying diversity within antigen receptors, and when the cell is capable of responding to stimulus via its receptor. Attempts to understand the aetiology of lymphoma have reinforced this notion, as the most notable advances to date have shown chronic stimulation of the antigen receptor by infectious agents or self-antigens to be key drivers of these diseases. Despite this, there is still uncertainty about the cell of origin in some lymphomas, and increasing evidence that a subset arises in a more immature cell. Specifically, a recent study indicates that T-cell lymphoma, in particular nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase-driven anaplastic large cell lymphoma, may originate in T-cell progenitors in the thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim I M Malcolm
- Division of Molecular Histopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Lab Block Level 3, Box 231, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Daniel J Hodson
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Macintyre
- Hematology and INSERM1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité at Descartes and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 75743 Cedex 15, France
| | - Suzanne D Turner
- Division of Molecular Histopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Lab Block Level 3, Box 231, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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124
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Genetic drivers of NF-κB deregulation in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 39:26-31. [PMID: 27546290 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common form of B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma worldwide and comprises a heterogeneous group of malignancies that originate from the malignant transformation of germinal center (GC) B cells. Over the past decade, significant improvement has been achieved in our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis underlying this disease, thanks in part to the implementation of powerful genomic technologies allowing genome-wide structural and functional analyses. These studies revealed the presence of multiple oncogenic alterations dysregulating signal transduction pathways that are normally required for the normal biology of the cells from which these tumors are derived. Among the pathways identified as recurrent targets of genetic lesions in DLBCL, NF-κB has emerged as a central player in the development and maintenance of this disease, particularly in the less curable, activated B cell (ABC)- like subtype. These lesions reveal vulnerabilities of the lymphoma cells that can be exploited for the design of more rationale therapeutic approaches. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent progresses in understanding the role of NF-κB deregulation in the pathogenesis of DLBCL, with emphasis on the genetic basis underlying its aberrant activation, in relationship to the normal biology of B lymphocytes, and the modelling of these lesions in the mouse.
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Krappmann D, Vincendeau M. Mechanisms of NF-κB deregulation in lymphoid malignancies. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 39:3-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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126
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Du MQ. MALT lymphoma: A paradigm of NF-κB dysregulation. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 39:49-60. [PMID: 27452667 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) invariably arises from a background of chronic microbial infection and/or autoimmune disorder at diverse mucosal sites. The prolonged chronic infection and/or autoimmunity generate active immune and inflammatory responses that provide a setting for evolution and development of autoreactive B-cells, their expansion and eventual malignant transformation following acquisition of genetic changes. The immune responses also play a critical role in sustaining the growth and survival of the transformed cells as shown by complete regression of a high proportion of MALT lymphoma of the stomach, ocular adnexa and skin following anti-microbial treatment. B-cell receptor engagement by auto-antigen as well as T-cell help including both cognate interaction and bystander help via soluble ligands such as CD40L and BAFF are thought to underpin the immunological drive in the lymphoma development through activation of the canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathway respectively. Similarly, the three MALT lymphoma associated chromosome translocations, namely t(1;14)(p22;q32)/BCL10-IGH, t(14;18)(q32;q21)/IGH-MALT1,and t(11;18)(q21;q21)/BIRC3 (API2)-MALT1, are also capable of activating both canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways. Furthermore, TNFAIP3 (A20) inactivation by deletion and/or mutation abolishes the auto-negative feedback to several signalling including BCR and TLR, which connect to the canonical NF-κB activation pathway. Thus, there is a considerable overlap in the molecular pathways dysregulated by immunological drive and somatic genetic changes, strongly arguing for their oncogenic cooperation in the development of MALT lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Qing Du
- Division of Molecular Histopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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127
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Małecka A, Trøen G, Tierens A, Østlie I, Małecki J, Randen U, Berentsen S, Tjønnfjord GE, Delabie JMA. Immunoglobulin heavy and light chain gene features are correlated with primary cold agglutinin disease onset and activity. Haematologica 2016; 101:e361-4. [PMID: 27198717 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.146126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gunhild Trøen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Anne Tierens
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network and University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ingunn Østlie
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Jędrzej Małecki
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulla Randen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Sigbjørn Berentsen
- Department of Research and Innovation, Haugesund Hospital, Helse Fonna, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Geir E Tjønnfjord
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan M A Delabie
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network and University of Toronto, ON, Canada
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128
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Elucidation of tonic and activated B-cell receptor signaling in Burkitt's lymphoma provides insights into regulation of cell survival. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:5688-93. [PMID: 27155012 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1601053113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) is a highly proliferative B-cell neoplasm and is treated with intensive chemotherapy that, because of its toxicity, is often not suitable for the elderly or for patients with endemic BL in developing countries. BL cell survival relies on signals transduced by B-cell antigen receptors (BCRs). However, tonic as well as activated BCR signaling networks and their relevance for targeted therapies in BL remain elusive. We have systematically characterized and compared tonic and activated BCR signaling in BL by quantitative phosphoproteomics to identify novel BCR effectors and potential drug targets. We identified and quantified ∼16,000 phospho-sites in BL cells. Among these sites, 909 were related to tonic BCR signaling, whereas 984 phospho-sites were regulated upon BCR engagement. The majority of the identified BCR signaling effectors have not been described in the context of B cells or lymphomas yet. Most of these newly identified BCR effectors are predicted to be involved in the regulation of kinases, transcription, and cytoskeleton dynamics. Although tonic and activated BCR signaling shared a considerable number of effector proteins, we identified distinct phosphorylation events in tonic BCR signaling. We investigated the functional relevance of some newly identified BCR effectors and show that ACTN4 and ARFGEF2, which have been described as regulators of membrane-trafficking and cytoskeleton-related processes, respectively, are crucial for BL cell survival. Thus, this study provides a comprehensive dataset for tonic and activated BCR signaling and identifies effector proteins that may be relevant for BL cell survival and thus may help to develop new BL treatments.
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129
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Roos-Weil D, Nguyen-Khac F, Bernard OA. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Time to go past genomics? Am J Hematol 2016; 91:518-28. [PMID: 26800490 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in massively parallel sequencing technologies have provided a detailed picture of the mutational landscape in CLL and underscored the vast degree of interpatient and intratumor heterogeneities. These studies have led to the characterization of novel putative driver genes and recurrently affected biological pathways, and to the modeling of CLL clonal evolution. We herein review selected aspects including recent advances in the biology of CLL and present cellular and biological processes involved in the development of CLL and potentially other mature B-cell lymphoproliferative neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Roos-Weil
- Institut National De La Santé Et De La Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1170; Villejuif France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Saclay; France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer
| | - Florence Nguyen-Khac
- INSERM U1138; Paris France
- Université Pierre Et Marie Curie-Paris 6; France
- Service D'hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP; Paris France
| | - Olivier A. Bernard
- Institut National De La Santé Et De La Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1170; Villejuif France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Saclay; France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer
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130
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van Krieken JH. New developments in the pathology of malignant lymphoma. A review of the literature published from September 2015-December 2015. J Hematop 2016; 9:19-27. [PMID: 26949423 PMCID: PMC4764620 DOI: 10.1007/s12308-016-0269-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Han van Krieken
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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131
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FOXO discriminates tonic from chronic in DLBCL. Blood 2016; 127:669-70. [PMID: 26869306 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-12-683441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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