101
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Herzog E, Byrne HJ, Casey A, Davoren M, Lenz AG, Maier KL, Duschl A, Oostingh GJ. SWCNT suppress inflammatory mediator responses in human lung epithelium in vitro. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 234:378-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2008.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2008] [Revised: 10/21/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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102
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Limitations and relative utility of screening assays to assess engineered nanoparticle toxicity in a human cell line. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 234:222-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2008.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 475] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2008] [Revised: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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103
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Kharisov BI, Kharissova OV, Leija Gutierrez H, Ortiz Méndez U. Recent Advances on the Soluble Carbon Nanotubes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ie800694f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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104
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Shvedova AA, Kisin ER, Porter D, Schulte P, Kagan VE, Fadeel B, Castranova V. Mechanisms of pulmonary toxicity and medical applications of carbon nanotubes: Two faces of Janus? Pharmacol Ther 2008; 121:192-204. [PMID: 19103221 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is an emerging science involving manipulation of materials at the nanometer scale. There are several exciting prospects for the application of engineered nanomaterials in medicine. However, concerns over adverse and unanticipated effects on human health have also been raised. In fact, the same properties that make engineered nanomaterials attractive from a technological and biomedical perspective could also make these novel materials harmful to human health and the environment. Carbon nanotubes are cylinders of one or several coaxial graphite layer(s) with a diameter in the order of nanometers, and serve as an instructive example of the Janus-like properties of nanomaterials. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that carbon nanotubes and/or associated contaminants or catalytic materials that arise during the production process may induce oxidative stress and prominent pulmonary inflammation. Recent studies also suggest some similarities between the pathogenic properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and those of asbestos fibers. On the other hand, carbon nanotubes can be readily functionalized and several studies on the use of carbon nanotubes as versatile excipients for drug delivery and imaging of disease processes have been reported, suggesting that carbon nanotubes may have a place in the armamentarium for treatment and monitoring of cancer, infection, and other disease conditions. Nanomedicine is an emerging field that holds great promise; however, close attention to safety issues is required to ensure that the opportunities that carbon nanotubes and other engineered nanoparticles offer can be translated into feasible and safe constructs for the treatment of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Shvedova
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, United States.
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105
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Foldvari M, Bagonluri M. Carbon nanotubes as functional excipients for nanomedicines: II. Drug delivery and biocompatibility issues. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2008; 4:183-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2008.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2007] [Accepted: 04/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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106
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Guo L, Von Dem Bussche A, Buechner M, Yan A, Kane AB, Hurt RH. Adsorption of essential micronutrients by carbon nanotubes and the implications for nanotoxicity testing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2008; 4:721-7. [PMID: 18504717 PMCID: PMC3209620 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200700754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Guo
- Division of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 (USA)
| | - Annette Von Dem Bussche
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 (USA)
| | - Michelle Buechner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 (USA)
| | - Aihui Yan
- Department of Chemistry Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 (USA)
| | - Agnes B. Kane
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 (USA), Fax: (+1) 401-863-9008
| | - Robert H. Hurt
- Division of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 (USA), Fax: (+1) 401-863-9120
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107
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Rotoli BM, Bussolati O, Bianchi MG, Barilli A, Balasubramanian C, Bellucci S, Bergamaschi E. Non-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes alter the paracellular permeability of human airway epithelial cells. Toxicol Lett 2008; 178:95-102. [PMID: 18403140 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2008] [Revised: 02/26/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Little information is available upon the effects of carbon nanotubes (CNT) on the airway barrier. Here we study the barrier function of Calu-3 human airway epithelial cells, grown on permeable filters, after the exposure to commercial single-walled or multi-walled CNT, produced through chemical vapour deposition. To assess changes in the paracellular permeability of CNT-treated Calu-3 monolayers, we have measured the trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and the permeability to mannitol. Multi-walled CNT caused a large decrease in TEER and an increase in mannitol permeability but no substantial alteration in monolayer viability. Single-walled CNT produced much smaller changes of TEER while CNT, synthesized through the arc discharge method, and Carbon Black nanoparticles had no effect. If commercial multi-walled CNT were added during the formation of the tight monolayer, no further increase in trans-epithelial resistance was observed. Moreover, the same nanomaterials, but neither single-walled counterparts nor Carbon Black, prevented the TEER recovery observed after the discontinuation of interleukin-4, a Th2 cytokine that causes a reversible barrier dysfunction in airway epithelia. These findings suggest that commercial multi-walled CNT interfere with the formation and the maintenance of tight junctional complexes in airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Maria Rotoli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Unit of General and Clinical Pathology, University of Parma, via Volturno 14, 43100 Parma, Italy
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108
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Escorcia FE, McDevitt MR, Villa CH, Scheinberg DA. Targeted nanomaterials for radiotherapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2008; 2:805-15. [PMID: 18095847 DOI: 10.2217/17435889.2.6.805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials have garnered increasing interest recently as potential therapeutic drug-delivery vehicles. Among the existing nanomaterials are the pure carbon-based particles, such as fullerenes and nanotubes, various organic dendrimers, liposomes and other polymeric compounds. These vehicles have been decorated with a wide spectrum of target-reactive ligands, such as antibodies and peptides, which interact with cell-surface tumor antigens or vascular epitopes. Once targeted, these new nanomaterials can then deliver radioisotopes or isotope generators to the cancer cells. Here, we will review some of the more common nanomaterials under investigation and their current and future applications as drug-delivery scaffolds with particular emphasis on targeted cancer radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy E Escorcia
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, New York, NY 10021, USA
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109
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Dillon EP, Crouse CA, Barron AR. Synthesis, characterization, and carbon dioxide adsorption of covalently attached polyethyleneimine-functionalized single-wall carbon nanotubes. ACS NANO 2008; 2:156-64. [PMID: 19206559 DOI: 10.1021/nn7002713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The reaction between fluorinated single-wall carbon nanotubes (F-SWNTs) and branched (M(w) = 600, 1800, 10000, and 25000 Da) or linear (M(w) = 25000 Da) polyethyleneimine (PEI) yields the covalent attachment of the polymer to the sidewalls of the nanotubes. The resulting PEI-functionalized SWNTs (PEI-SWNTs) were characterized by solid-state (13)C NMR, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis studies. As expected, the number of polymer molecules per SWNT is larger for low molecular weight PEI than for high molecular weight PEI. However, above 1800 Da, the number of polymer molecules per SWNT does not vary as much. This is supported by Raman spectral data that shows the D:G ratio is relatively insensitive of the molecular weight for M(w) > 1800 Da. The PEI-SWNTs are shown to have solubility in aqueous media of up to 0.4 mg x mL(-1). Solid-state (13)C NMR shows the presence of carboxylate substituents that have been attributed to carbamate formation as a consequence of the reversable CO(2) absorption to the primary amine substituents of the PEI. Desorption of CO(2) is accomplished by heating under argon at 75 degrees C, while the dependence of the quantity of CO(2) absorbed on temperature and the molecular weight of the PEI is reported. Under the conditions investigated the maximum absorption of 9.2% w/w is observed for PEI(25000)-SWNT at 27 degrees C. The possible CO(2) absorption applications of the PEI-SWNTs is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoghan P Dillon
- Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Center for Biological and Environmental Nanotechnology, Carbon Nanotube Laboratory, and Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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110
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Chen X, Schluesener H. Nanosilver: A nanoproduct in medical application. Toxicol Lett 2008; 176:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1365] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2007] [Revised: 10/08/2007] [Accepted: 10/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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111
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Cyclic tensile strain increases interactions between human epidermal keratinocytes and quantum dot nanoparticles. Toxicol In Vitro 2007; 22:491-7. [PMID: 18054460 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2007] [Revised: 10/18/2007] [Accepted: 10/19/2007] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The effects of quantum dots (QD) on cell viability have gained increasing interest due to many recent developments utilizing QD for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. The potential use of QD nanoparticles as diagnostic, imaging, and drug delivery agents has raised questions about their potential for cytotoxicity. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of applied strain on QD uptake by human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK). It was hypothesized that introduction of a 10% average strain to cell cultures would increase QD uptake. HEK were seeded at a density of 150,000 cells/mL on collagen-coated Flexcell culture plates (Flexcell Intl.). QD were introduced at a concentration of 3 nM and a 10% average strain was applied to the cells. After 4h of cyclic strain, the cells were examined for cell viability, QD uptake, and cytokine production. The results indicate that addition of strain results in an increase in cytokine production and QD uptake, resulting in irritation and a negative impact on cell viability. Application of physiological load conditions can increase cell membrane permeability, thereby increasing the concentration of QD nanoparticles in cells.
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112
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Boczkowski J, Lanone S. Potential uses of carbon nanotubes in the medical field: how worried should patients be? Nanomedicine (Lond) 2007; 2:407-10. [PMID: 17716127 DOI: 10.2217/17435889.2.4.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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