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Ramos L, Leal Junior ECP, Pallotta RC, Frigo L, Marcos RL, de Carvalho MHC, Bjordal JM, Lopes-Martins RÁB. Infrared (810 nm) low-level laser therapy in experimental model of strain-induced skeletal muscle injury in rats: effects on functional outcomes. Photochem Photobiol 2011; 88:154-60. [PMID: 22053933 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.01030.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Muscle strains are among the most prevalent causes for athletes' absence from sport activities. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has recently emerged as a potential contender to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in muscle strain treatment. In this work we investigated effects of LLLT and diclofenac on functional outcomes in the acute stage after muscle strain injury in rats. Muscle strain was induced by overloading the tibialis anterior muscle of rats during anesthesia. The injured groups received either no treatment, or a single treatment with diclofenac 30 min prior to injury, or LLLT (810 nm, 100 mW) with doses of 1, 3, 6 or 9 J, at 1 h after injury. Functional outcome measures included a walking index and assessment of electrically induced muscle performance. All treatments (except 9 J LLLT) significantly improved the walking index 12 h postinjury compared with the untreated group. The 3 J group also showed a significantly better walking index than the drug group. All treatments significantly improved muscle performance at 6 and 12 h. LLLT dose of 3 J was as effective as the pharmacological agent in improving functional outcomes in the early phase after a muscle strain injury in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Ramos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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102
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Vieira WHDB, Ferraresi C, Perez SEDA, Baldissera V, Parizotto NA. Effects of low-level laser therapy (808 nm) on isokinetic muscle performance of young women submitted to endurance training: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci 2011; 27:497-504. [PMID: 21870127 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-011-0984-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has shown efficacy in muscle bioenergetic activation and its effects could influence the mechanical performance of this tissue during physical exercise. This study tested whether endurance training associated with LLLT could increase human muscle performance in isokinetic dynamometry when compared to the same training without LLLT. The primary objective was to determine the fatigue index of the knee extensor muscles (FIext) and the secondary objective was to determine the total work of the knee extensor muscles (TWext). Included in the study were 45 clinically healthy women (21 ± 1.78 years old) who were randomly distributed into three groups: CG (control group), TG (training group) and TLG (training with LLLT group). The training for the TG and TLG groups involved cycle ergometer exercise with load applied to the ventilatory threshold (VT) for 9 consecutive weeks. Immediately after each training session, LLLT was applied to the femoral quadriceps muscle of both lower limbs of the TLG subjects using an infrared laser device (808 nm) with six 60-mW diodes with an energy of 0.6 J per diode and a total energy applied to each limb of 18 J. VT was determined by ergospirometry during an incremental exercise test and muscle performance was evaluated using an isokinetic dynamometer at 240°/s. Only the TLG showed a decrease in FIext in the nondominant lower limb (P = 0.016) and the dominant lower limb (P = 0.006). Both the TLG and the TG showed an increase in TWext in the nondominant lower limb (P < 0.001 and P = 0.011, respectively) and in the dominant lower limb (P < 0.000 and P < 0.000, respectively). The CG showed no reduction in FIext or TWext in either lower limb. The results suggest that an endurance training program combined with LLLT leads to a greater reduction in fatigue than an endurance training program without LLLT. This is relevant to everyone involved in sport and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouber Hérickson de Brito Vieira
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (Campus Universitário Lagoa Nova), Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, 59072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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103
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de Almeida P, Lopes-Martins RÁB, Tomazoni SS, Silva JA, de Carvalho PDTC, Bjordal JM, Leal Junior ECP. Low-level laser therapy improves skeletal muscle performance, decreases skeletal muscle damage and modulates mRNA expression of COX-1 and COX-2 in a dose-dependent manner. Photochem Photobiol 2011; 87:1159-63. [PMID: 21749398 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00968.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We tested if modulation in mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase isoforms (COX-1 and COX-2) can be related to protective effects of phototherapy in skeletal muscle. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups receiving either one of four laser doses (0.1, 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 J) or a no-treatment control group. Laser irradiation (904 nm, 15 mW average power) was performed immediately before the first contraction for treated groups. Electrical stimulation was used to induce six tetanic tibial anterior muscle contractions. Immediately after sixth contraction, blood samples were collected to evaluate creatine kinase activity and muscles were dissected and frozen in liquid nitrogen to evaluate mRNA expression of COX-1 and COX-2. The 1.0 and 3.0 J groups showed significant enhancement (P < 0.01) in total work performed in six tetanic contractions compared with control group. All laser groups, except the 3.0 J group, presented significantly lower post-exercise CK activity than control group. Additionally, 1.0 J group showed increased COX-1 and decreased COX-2 mRNA expression compared with control group and 0.1, 0.3 and 3.0 J laser groups (P < 0.01). We conclude that pre-exercise infrared laser irradiation with dose of 1.0 J enhances skeletal muscle performance and decreases post-exercise skeletal muscle damage and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia de Almeida
- Post Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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104
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de Almeida P, Lopes-Martins RAB, De Marchi T, Tomazoni SS, Albertini R, Corrêa JCF, Rossi RP, Machado GP, da Silva DP, Bjordal JM, Leal Junior ECP. Red (660 nm) and infrared (830 nm) low-level laser therapy in skeletal muscle fatigue in humans: what is better? Lasers Med Sci 2011; 27:453-8. [PMID: 21814736 PMCID: PMC3282894 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-011-0957-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In animal and clinical trials low-level laser therapy (LLLT) using red, infrared and mixed wavelengths has been shown to delay the development of skeletal muscle fatigue. However, the parameters employed in these studies do not allow a conclusion as to which wavelength range is better in delaying the development of skeletal muscle fatigue. With this perspective in mind, we compared the effects of red and infrared LLLT on skeletal muscle fatigue. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial was performed in ten healthy male volunteers. They were treated with active red LLLT, active infrared LLLT (660 or 830 nm, 50 mW, 17.85 W/cm2, 100 s irradiation per point, 5 J, 1,785 J/cm2 at each point irradiated, total 20 J irradiated per muscle) or an identical placebo LLLT at four points of the biceps brachii muscle for 3 min before exercise (voluntary isometric elbow flexion for 60 s). The mean peak force was significantly greater (p < 0.05) following red (12.14%) and infrared LLLT (14.49%) than following placebo LLLT, and the mean average force was also significantly greater (p < 0.05) following red (13.09%) and infrared LLLT (13.24%) than following placebo LLLT. There were no significant differences in mean average force or mean peak force between red and infrared LLLT. We conclude that both red than infrared LLLT are effective in delaying the development skeletal muscle fatigue and in enhancement of skeletal muscle performance. Further studies are needed to identify the specific mechanisms through which each wavelength acts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia de Almeida
- Post Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 235, 01504-001, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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105
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Paolillo FR, Milan JC, Aniceto IV, Barreto SG, Rebelatto JR, Borghi-Silva A, Parizotto NA, Kurachi C, Bagnato VS. Effects of infrared-LED illumination applied during high-intensity treadmill training in postmenopausal women. Photomed Laser Surg 2011; 29:639-45. [PMID: 21749263 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2010.2961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DATA Technology and physical exercise can enhance physical performance during aging. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of infrared-light-emitting diode (LED) illumination (850 nm) applied during treadmill training. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty postmenopausal women participated in this study. They were randomly divided into two groups. The LED group performed treadmill training associated with infrared-LED illumination (n=10) and the control group performed only treadmill training (n=10). The training was performed during 3 months, twice a week during 30 min at intensities between 85 and 90% of maximal heart rate. The irradiation parameters were 31 mW/cm(2), treatment time 30 min, 14,400 J of total energy and 55.8 J/cm(2) of fluence. Physiological, biomechanical, and body composition parameters were measured at the baseline and after 3 months. RESULTS Both groups improved the time of tolerance limit (Tlim) (p<0.05) during submaximal constant-speed testing. The peak torque did not differ between groups. However, the results showed significantly higher values of power [from 56±10 to 73±8 W (p=0.002)] and total work [from 1,537±295 to 1,760±262 J (p=0.006)] for the LED group when compared to the control group [power: from 58±14 to 60±15 W (p≥0.05) and total work: from 1,504±404 to 1,622±418 J (p≥0.05)]. The fatigue significantly increased for the control group [from 51±6 to 58±5 % (p=0.04)], but not for the LED group [from 60±10 to 60±4 % (p≥0.05)]. No significant differences in body composition were observed for either group. CONCLUSIONS Infrared-LED illumination associated with treadmill training can improve muscle power and delay leg fatigue in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Rossi Paolillo
- Optics Group from Instituto de Física de São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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106
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Dias FJ, Issa JPM, Vicentini FTMDC, Fonseca MJV, Leão JC, Siéssere S, Regalo SCH, Iyomasa MM. Effects of low-level laser therapy on the oxidative metabolism and matrix proteins in the rat masseter muscle. Photomed Laser Surg 2011; 29:677-84. [PMID: 21745137 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2010.2879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to analyze the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the oxidative activity and the expression/activity of metalloproteinases of the masseter muscle. BACKGROUND DATA Currently in dentistry LLLT has been used on patients with muscular disorders, such as the temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) but its effect at the cellular level has not been fully elucidated. METHODS Thirty male Wistar rats divided into 6 groups (n=5) received 10 laser irradiations (780 nm, 5 mmW, CW laser, illuminated area 0.04 cm(2), power density 125 mW/cm(2)), with different energy densities (group I-0; group II-0.5; group III-1.0; group IV-2.5; group V-5.0; and group VI-20 J/cm(2)). Muscles were processed for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase (NADH) and sucinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities and zymography. The photomicrographs were evaluated by the point counting method using a test system and ImageJ software; and by the ANOVA statistical test. The proteinases' secretion/activity was qualitatively analyzed by zymography. RESULTS LLLT significantly increased (p<0.05) masseter muscle oxidative metabolism shown by the increased area of intermediary fibers in the NADH (groups IV, V, and VI) and SDH (group V) reactions. The same metabolic pattern was observed among the groups in both reactions. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) zymography detected only the MMP-2 expression/activity for the untreated-control group (group I). The exposure to LLLT increased the activity of MPP-2 in group VI and the activity of MMP-9 in all groups exposed to different energy densities of laser irradiation (groups II, III, IV, V, and VI). CONCLUSIONS Thus, LLLT stimulated the oxidative metabolism and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) of the masseter muscle, which may indicate a matrix remodeling process. However, group VI did not show the best results for oxidative metabolism, probably indicating that the dosage they were given was high for this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando José Dias
- Department of Morphology, Stomatology, and Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida do Cafe s/n - Monte Alegre, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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107
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De Marchi T, Leal Junior ECP, Bortoli C, Tomazoni SS, Lopes-Martins RAB, Salvador M. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in human progressive-intensity running: effects on exercise performance, skeletal muscle status, and oxidative stress. Lasers Med Sci 2011; 27:231-6. [PMID: 21739259 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-011-0955-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on exercise performance, oxidative stress, and muscle status in humans. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial was performed with 22 untrained male volunteers. LLLT (810 nm, 200 mW, 30 J in each site, 30 s of irradiation in each site) using a multi-diode cluster (with five spots - 6 J from each spot) at 12 sites of each lower limb (six in quadriceps, four in hamstrings, and two in gastrocnemius) was performed 5 min before a standardized progressive-intensity running protocol on a motor-drive treadmill until exhaustion. We analyzed exercise performance (VO(2 max), time to exhaustion, aerobic threshold and anaerobic threshold), levels of oxidative damage to lipids and proteins, the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and the markers of muscle damage creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Compared to placebo, active LLLT significantly increased exercise performance (VO(2 max) p = 0.01; time to exhaustion, p = 0.04) without changing the aerobic and anaerobic thresholds. LLLT also decreased post-exercise lipid (p = 0.0001) and protein (p = 0.0230) damages, as well as the activities of SOD (p = 0.0034), CK (p = 0.0001) and LDH (p = 0.0001) enzymes. LLLT application was not able to modulate CAT activity. The use of LLLT before progressive-intensity running exercise increases exercise performance, decreases exercise-induced oxidative stress and muscle damage, suggesting that the modulation of the redox system by LLLT could be related to the delay in skeletal muscle fatigue observed after the use of LLLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago De Marchi
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
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108
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Kelencz CA, Muñoz ISS, Amorim CF, Nicolau RA. Effect of low-power gallium-aluminum-arsenium noncoherent light (640 nm) on muscle activity: a clinical study. Photomed Laser Surg 2011; 28:647-52. [PMID: 20961231 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2008.2467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DATA Studies have shown the significant effects of electromagnetic irradiation in the visible region, with laser as an irradiation source. However, the effect of LEDs (light-emitting diodes) irradiation in similar wavelengths is not known. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this clinical study was to verify the effects of the LED (640 nm with 40 nm full bandwidth at half maximum) on muscle activity. METHODS The study was done with 30 test subjects, of both genders, aged 23 ± 3 years, with a mean weight of 60 kg, divided into three groups (n = 10). Fatigue was induced through the maximum power of a bite, for 60 s in two overlaid occlusal platforms, coupled to a load cell and to a biologic signal-acquisition device. LED irradiation of the right masseter muscle was applied to all subjects. The left muscle received placebo treatment. Irradiation was applied in eight points on the right masseter muscle (transcutaneous), 1.044 J per point, 2.088 J per point, or 3.132 J per point, 0.116 W, 0.522 cm(2) spot size, 0.816 cm spot Ø, continuous wave, perpendicular to the skin. RESULTS An increase in muscle activity was observed after irradiation with 1.044 J per point (p < 0.05). A significant increase (p < 0.01) in the time before fatigue was observed in the irradiated muscle with 2.088 J per point, without a change in the force of contraction (p > 0.05). This change was not observed with 1.044 J per point and 3.132 J per point. The results suggest a dose-dependent relation with this kind of noncoherent irradiation in the red region of the electromagnetic spectrum in the muscle-fatigue process. CONCLUSION It was concluded that LED can be used as a clinical tool to increase muscle activity (1.044 J per point) and to prevent fatigue (2.088 J per point), without change in the muscle force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Kelencz
- Institute of Research and Development (IP&D), Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), Paraiba, Brazil.
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109
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Leal Junior ECP, Baroni BM, Rossi RP, Godoi VD, Marchi TD, Tomazoni SS, Almeida PD, Salvador M, Grosselli D, Generosi RA, Basso M, Mancalossi JL, Martins RÁBL. A fototerapia com diodo emissor de luz (LEDT) aplicada pré-exercício inibe a peroxidação lipídica em atletas após exercício de alta intensidade: um estudo preliminar. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1517-86922011000100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Estresse oxidativo é o termo geralmente utilizado para descrever os danos causados pelo desequilíbrio entre pró-oxidantes e antioxidantes no organismo. O aumento no consumo de O2 induzido pelo exercício físico está associado ao aumento das espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs) sendo estas indutoras do estresse oxidativo. Embora as evidências indiquem um provável efeito inibitório da fototerapia com diodos emissores de luz (LEDT) sobre a produção das EROs, não existem estudos observando tal efeito em atletas. Este estudo preliminar destina-se a verificar os efeitos da aplicação de LEDT previamente ao exercício de alta intensidade sobre a peroxidação lipídica, mensurada através dos níveis sanguíneos de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS). Todos os seis atletas de voleibol do sexo masculino foram submetidos às duas situações: aplicação de LEDT efetiva e aplicação de LEDT placebo. O desempenho no protocolo de exercício adotado não revelou diferença (p > 0,05) entre as duas situações nas variáveis potência pico, potência média e índice de fadiga. Os resultados relacionados com a peroxidação lipídica foram: na situação LEDT efetiva, não foi possível observar diferença estatisticamente significante (p > 0,05) entre os níveis pré e pós-exercício (6,98 ± 0,81 e 7,02 ± 0,47nmol/mL); na situação LEDT (LBP) placebo, houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p = 0,05) entre os valores pré e pós-exercício (7,09 ± 1,28 e 8,43 ± 0,71nmol/mL). Tais resultados demonstram que a aplicação efetiva de LEDT parece ser eficaz no controle da peroxidação lipídica em atletas submetidos a exercício intenso
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thiago De Marchi
- Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Brasil; Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Brasil
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Leal Junior ECP, Nassar FR, Tomazoni SDS, Bjordal JM, Lopes-Martins RÁB. A laserterapia de baixa potência melhora o desempenho muscular mensurado por dinamometria isocinética em humanos. FISIOTERAPIA E PESQUISA 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1809-29502010000400006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A fadiga muscular é uma nova área de pesquisa em laserterapia, com poucos estudos conduzidos. Embora a laserterapia de baixa potência (LBP) previamente ao exercício tenha apresentado resultados positivos no retardo da fadiga musculoesquelética, ainda não foi estudada utilizando-se a dinamometria isocinética para mensurar desempenho e fadiga muscular. Este estudo tem o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da LBP (655 nm, 50 mW, 2,4 J por ponto e 12 J de energia total) sobre o desempenho e fadiga muscular do músculo tibial anterior, utilizando dinamometria isocinética (30 repetições de contração concêntrica) em 14 indivíduos saudáveis sedentários do sexo masculino. Os voluntários foram avaliados ao efetuar 30 repetições isocinéticas de dorsiflexão de tornozelo à velocidade angular de 240°.seg-1. Os resultados mostram que, quando os voluntários foram tratados com LBP antes do exercício, os valores do pico de torque (30,91±5,86 N.m) foram significativamente superiores, comparados a três medições anteriores sem a aplicação de LBP (24,92±7,45 N.m, p<0,001; 26,83±7,74 N.m, p<0,01; e 26,00±7,88 N.m, p<0,001, respectivamente). Não foi observada redução no índice de fadiga. Conclui-se que a LBP aumenta o torque gerado pelos músculos irradiados, melhorando assim o desempenho musculoesquelético, porém sem interferir no índice de fadiga.
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Leal Junior EC, de Godoi V, Mancalossi JL, Rossi RP, De Marchi T, Parente M, Grosselli D, Generosi RA, Basso M, Frigo L, Tomazoni SS, Bjordal JM, Lopes-Martins RÁB. Comparison between cold water immersion therapy (CWIT) and light emitting diode therapy (LEDT) in short-term skeletal muscle recovery after high-intensity exercise in athletes--preliminary results. Lasers Med Sci 2010; 26:493-501. [PMID: 21088862 PMCID: PMC3119799 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-010-0866-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the last years, phototherapy has becoming a promising tool to improve skeletal muscle recovery after exercise, however, it was not compared with other modalities commonly used with this aim. In the present study we compared the short-term effects of cold water immersion therapy (CWIT) and light emitting diode therapy (LEDT) with placebo LEDT on biochemical markers related to skeletal muscle recovery after high-intensity exercise. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial was performed with six male young futsal athletes. They were treated with CWIT (5°C of temperature [SD ±1°]), active LEDT (69 LEDs with wavelengths 660/850 nm, 10/30 mW of output power, 30 s of irradiation time per point, and 41.7 J of total energy irradiated per point, total of ten points irradiated) or an identical placebo LEDT 5 min after each of three Wingate cycle tests. Pre-exercise, post-exercise, and post-treatment measurements were taken of blood lactate levels, creatine kinase (CK) activity, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. There were no significant differences in the work performed during the three Wingate tests (p > 0.05). All biochemical parameters increased from baseline values (p < 0.05) after the three exercise tests, but only active LEDT decreased blood lactate levels (p = 0.0065) and CK activity (p = 0.0044) significantly after treatment. There were no significant differences in CRP values after treatments. We concluded that treating the leg muscles with LEDT 5 min after the Wingate cycle test seemed to inhibit the expected post-exercise increase in blood lactate levels and CK activity. This suggests that LEDT has better potential than 5 min of CWIT for improving short-term post-exercise recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Cesar Leal Junior
- Center for Research and Innovation in Laser, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 235, 01504-001 São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Vanessa de Godoi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Lineu Prestes, 1524, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - José Luis Mancalossi
- Laboratory of Human Movement (LMH), Sports Medicine Institute (IME), University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas, 1130, 95070-560 Caxias do Sul, RS Brazil
| | - Rafael Paolo Rossi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Lineu Prestes, 1524, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Thiago De Marchi
- Laboratory of Human Movement (LMH), Sports Medicine Institute (IME), University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas, 1130, 95070-560 Caxias do Sul, RS Brazil
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, RS Brazil
| | - Márcio Parente
- Post Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 235, 01504-001 São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Douglas Grosselli
- Laboratory of Human Movement (LMH), Sports Medicine Institute (IME), University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas, 1130, 95070-560 Caxias do Sul, RS Brazil
| | | | - Maira Basso
- Laboratory of Human Movement (LMH), Sports Medicine Institute (IME), University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas, 1130, 95070-560 Caxias do Sul, RS Brazil
| | - Lucio Frigo
- Biological Sciences and Health Center, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Av. Dr. Ussiel Cirilo, 225, 08060-070 São Miguel Paulista, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Shaiane Silva Tomazoni
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Lineu Prestes, 1524, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Jan Magnus Bjordal
- Section for Physiotherapy Science, Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Mollendalsvn 6, 5009 Bergen, Norway
- Center for Evidence-Based Practice, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rodrigo Álvaro Brandão Lopes-Martins
- Center for Research and Innovation in Laser, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 235, 01504-001 São Paulo, SP Brazil
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Lineu Prestes, 1524, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP Brazil
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Ferraresi C, de Brito Oliveira T, de Oliveira Zafalon L, de Menezes Reiff RB, Baldissera V, de Andrade Perez SE, Matheucci Júnior E, Parizotto NA. Effects of low level laser therapy (808 nm) on physical strength training in humans. Lasers Med Sci 2010; 26:349-58. [PMID: 21086010 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-010-0855-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have investigated whether low level laser therapy (LLLT) can optimize human muscle performance in physical exercise. This study tested the effect of LLLT on muscle performance in physical strength training in humans compared with strength training only. The study involved 36 men (20.8±2.2 years old), clinically healthy, with a beginner and/or moderate physical activity training pattern. The subjects were randomly distributed into three groups: TLG (training with LLLT), TG (training only) and CG (control). The training for TG and TLG subjects involved the leg-press exercise with a load equal to 80% of one repetition maximum (1RM) in the leg-press test over 12 consecutive weeks. The LLLT was applied to the quadriceps muscle of both lower limbs of the TLG subjects immediately after the end of each training session. Using an infrared laser device (808 nm) with six diodes of 60 mW each a total energy of 50.4 J of LLLT was administered over 140 s. Muscle strength was assessed using the 1RM leg-press test and the isokinetic dynamometer test. The muscle volume of the thigh of the dominant limb was assessed by thigh perimetry. The TLG subjects showed an increase of 55% in the 1RM leg-press test, which was significantly higher than the increases in the TG subjects (26%, P = 0.033) and in the CG subjects (0.27%, P < 0.001). The TLG was the only group to show an increase in muscle performance in the isokinetic dynamometry test compared with baseline. The increases in thigh perimeter in the TLG subjects and TG subjects were not significantly different (4.52% and 2.75%, respectively; P = 0.775). Strength training associated with LLLT can increase muscle performance compared with strength training only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleber Ferraresi
- Laboratory of Electrothermophototherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Rizzi ÉC, Issa JPM, Dias FJ, Leão JC, Regalo SCH, Siéssere S, Watanabe IS, Iyomasa MM. Low-Level Laser Intensity Application in Masseter Muscle for Treatment Purposes. Photomed Laser Surg 2010; 28 Suppl 2:S31-5. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2009.2599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Élen Camargo Rizzi
- Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Mardegan Issa
- Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando José Dias
- Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliane Caroline Leão
- Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Simone Cecílio Hallak Regalo
- Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Selma Siéssere
- Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ii-sei Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mamie Mizusaki Iyomasa
- Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Peres MFP, Lucchetti G. Clinical trials report. Low-level laser therapy in the management of neck pain. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2010; 14:325-7. [PMID: 20676806 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-010-0133-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario F P Peres
- Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa, Albert Einstein Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil.
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115
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Effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in the development of exercise-induced skeletal muscle fatigue and changes in biochemical markers related to postexercise recovery. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010; 40:524-32. [PMID: 20436237 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2010.3294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Randomized crossover double-blinded placebo-controlled trial. OBJECTIVE To investigate if low-level laser therapy (LLLT) can affect biceps muscle performance, fatigue development, and biochemical markers of postexercise recovery. BACKGROUND Cell and animal studies have suggested that LLLT can reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in muscle tissue. But it remains uncertain whether these findings can translate into humans in sport and exercise situations. METHODS Nine healthy male volleyball players participated in the study. They received either active LLLT (cluster probe with 5 laser diodes; lambda = 810 nm; 200 mW power output; 30 seconds of irradiation, applied in 2 locations over the biceps of the nondominant arm; 60 J of total energy) or placebo LLLT using an identical cluster probe. The intervention or placebo were applied 3 minutes before the performance of exercise. All subjects performed voluntary elbow flexion repetitions with a workload of 75% of their maximal voluntary contraction force until exhaustion. RESULTS Active LLLT increased the number of repetitions by 14.5% (mean +/- SD, 39.6 +/- 4.3 versus 34.6 +/- 5.6; P = .037) and the elapsed time before exhaustion by 8.0% (P = .034), when compared to the placebo treatment. The biochemical markers also indicated that recovery may be positively affected by LLLT, as indicated by postexercise blood lactate levels (P<.01), creatine kinase activity (P = .017), and C-reactive protein levels (P = .047), showing a faster recovery with LLLT application prior to the exercise. CONCLUSION We conclude that pre-exercise irradiation of the biceps with an LLLT dose of 6 J per application location, applied in 2 locations, increased endurance for repeated elbow flexion against resistance and decreased postexercise levels of blood lactate, creatine kinase, and C-reactiveprotein. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Performance enhancement, level 1b.
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116
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Lisboa MV, Lopes CB, Rocha R, Ramos TA, de Abreu IDN, Cangussu MCT, Pinheiro ALB, dos Santos JN. Assessment of the effect of the use of laser light or dantrolene on facial muscle under occlusal wear: a Raman spectroscopic study in a rodent model. Photomed Laser Surg 2010; 28 Suppl 1:S135-41. [PMID: 20666575 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2009.2614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to use Raman spectroscopy to measure levels of CaPi in muscles under occlusal wear and treated with laser phototherapy (LPT) or muscle-relaxant therapy or both on rodents. BACKGROUND The etiology of temporomandibular disorders is multifactorial. Malocclusion may influence the masticatory muscles, causing fatigue. A major type of fatigue is the metabolic, caused by the increased accumulation of metabolites such as inorganic phosphate. Raman spectroscopy allows nondestructive analysis of the biochemical composition of tissues. METHODS The 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: occlusal wear (G-1), occlusal wear + LPT (G-2), and occlusal wear + muscle relaxant (G-3). Ten untreated animals were used for baseline data. Under intraperitoneal general anesthesia, animals of groups 1, 2, and 3 had unilateral amputation of molar cusps to simulate an occlusal-wear situation. The masseter muscle of G-2 received LPT (lambda830 nm, 4 J/cm(2), 40 mW, phi approximately 2 mm) after the procedure and repeated every other day for 14-30 days. Animals of G-3 were treated with a daily injection of dantrolene (2.5 mg/kg in 0.5 ml of H(2)O) beginning 24 h after cusp removal. Animals were killed with an overdose of general anesthetics at days 14 and 30 after cusps removal, and the ipsilateral masseter muscle was excised and divided into two parts. One part was routinely processed and underwent histologic analysis; the other was kept in liquid nitrogen for Raman spectroscopy. The mean value of the intensity of the peak 958 per centimeter was determined. RESULTS No morphologic changes were seen. Raman analysis showed significantly less Raman intensity in the laser group at 30 days (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Occlusal wear did not caused morphologic alterations in the masseter muscle but resulted in changes of the levels of CaP(i) that were less compromising when the laser light was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio V Lisboa
- Center of Biophotonics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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117
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Baroni BM, Leal Junior ECP, Geremia JM, Diefenthaeler F, Vaz MA. Effect of light-emitting diodes therapy (LEDT) on knee extensor muscle fatigue. Photomed Laser Surg 2010; 28:653-8. [PMID: 20626264 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2009.2688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of light-emitting diodes therapy (LEDT) on quadriceps muscle fatigue by using torque values from the isokinetic dynamometer as an outcome measure. BACKGROUND DATA Light therapy is considered an innovative way to prevent muscle fatigue. Although positive results have been obtained in animal models and in clinical experiments, no results are available on the effects of this therapeutic modality on human performance studies with isokinetic dynamometry. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventeen healthy and physically active male volunteers were included in a crossover randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial. They performed two sessions of an isokinetic fatigue test (30 maximal concentric knee flexion-extension contractions; range of motion, 90 degrees; angular velocity, 180 degrees per second) after LEDT or placebo treatment. Maximal knee extensor muscle isokinetic voluntary contractions were performed before (PRE-MVC) and after (POST-MVC) the fatigue test. LEDT treatment was performed with a multidiode cluster probe (34 red diodes of 660 nm, 10 mW; 35 infrared diodes of 850 nm, 30 mW) at three points of the quadriceps muscle, with a total irradiating dose of 125.1 J. RESULTS No differences were observed in the PRE-MVC between LEDT (284.81 ± 4.52 Nm) and placebo (282.65 ± 52.64 Nm) treatments. However, for the POST-MVC, higher torques (p = 0.034) were observed for LEDT (237.68 ± 48.82 Nm) compared with placebo (225.68 ± 44.14 Nm) treatment. CONCLUSION LEDT treatment produced a smaller maximal isometric torque decrease after high-intensity concentric isokinetic exercise, which is consistent with an increase in performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Manfredini Baroni
- Exercise Research Laboratory (LAPEX), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.
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118
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Hayworth CR, Rojas JC, Padilla E, Holmes GM, Sheridan EC, Gonzalez-Lima F. In vivo low-level light therapy increases cytochrome oxidase in skeletal muscle. Photochem Photobiol 2010; 86:673-80. [PMID: 20408982 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2010.00732.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Low-level light therapy (LLLT) increases survival of cultured cells, improves behavioral recovery from neurodegeneration and speeds wound healing. These beneficial effects are thought to be mediated by upregulation of mitochondrial proteins, especially the respiratory enzyme cytochrome oxidase. However, the effects of in vivo LLLT on cytochrome oxidase in intact skeletal muscle have not been previously investigated. We used a sensitive method for enzyme histochemistry of cytochrome oxidase to examine the rat temporalis muscle 24 h after in vivo LLLT. The findings showed for the first time that in vivo LLLT induced a dose- and fiber type-dependent increase in cytochrome oxidase in muscle fibers. LLLT was particularly effective at enhancing the aerobic capacity of intermediate and red fibers. The findings suggest that LLLT may enhance the oxidative energy metabolic capacity of different types of muscle fibers, and that LLLT may be used to enhance the aerobic potential of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Hayworth
- Departments of Psychology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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119
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Leal Junior ECP, Lopes-Martins RAB, Rossi RP, De Marchi T, Baroni BM, de Godoi V, Marcos RL, Ramos L, Bjordal JM. Effect of cluster multi-diode light emitting diode therapy (LEDT) on exercise-induced skeletal muscle fatigue and skeletal muscle recovery in humans. Lasers Surg Med 2010; 41:572-7. [PMID: 19731300 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There are some indications that low-level laser therapy (LLLT) may delay the development of skeletal muscle fatigue during high-intensity exercise. There have also been claims that LED cluster probes may be effective for this application however there are differences between LED and laser sources like spot size, spectral width, power output, etc. In this study we wanted to test if light emitting diode therapy (LEDT) can alter muscle performance, fatigue development and biochemical markers for skeletal muscle recovery in an experimental model of biceps humeri muscle contractions. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten male professional volleyball players (23.6 [SD +/-5.6] years old) entered a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled crossover trial. Active cluster LEDT (69 LEDs with wavelengths 660/850 nm, 10/30 mW, 30 seconds total irradiation time, 41.7 J of total energy irradiated) or an identical placebo LEDT was delivered under double-blinded conditions to the middle of biceps humeri muscle immediately before exercise. All subjects performed voluntary biceps humeri contractions with a workload of 75% of their maximal voluntary contraction force (MVC) until exhaustion. RESULTS Active LEDT increased the number of biceps humeri contractions by 12.9% (38.60 [SD +/-9.03] vs. 34.20 [SD +/-8.68], P = 0.021) and extended the elapsed time to perform contractions by 11.6% (P = 0.036) versus placebo. In addition, post-exercise levels of biochemical markers decreased significantly with active LEDT: Blood Lactate (P = 0.042), Creatine Kinase (P = 0.035), and C-Reative Protein levels (P = 0.030), when compared to placebo LEDT. CONCLUSION We conclude that this particular procedure and dose of LEDT immediately before exhaustive biceps humeri contractions, causes a slight delay in the development of skeletal muscle fatigue, decreases post-exercise blood lactate levels and inhibits the release of Creatine Kinase and C-Reative Protein. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:572-577, 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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120
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Ishide Y, Ohshiro T, Ueda F, Murayama M, Ohshiro T, Takenouchi K, Kohzuma M. THE EFFECT OF GaAlAs LASER IRRADIATION ON THE RECOVERY PROCESS OF MUSCULAR STRENGTH FOLLOWING MUSCLE FATIGUE. Laser Ther 2010. [DOI: 10.5978/islsm.19.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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121
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Leal Junior ECP, Lopes-Martins RAB, de Almeida P, Ramos L, Iversen VV, Bjordal JM. Effect of low-level laser therapy (GaAs 904 nm) in skeletal muscle fatigue and biochemical markers of muscle damage in rats. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009; 108:1083-8. [PMID: 20024577 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-009-1321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We wanted to test if pre-exercise muscle irradiation with 904 nm laser affects the development of fatigue, blood lactate levels and creatine kinase (CK) activity in a rat model with tetanic contractions. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups receiving either one of four different laser doses (0.1, 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 J) or a no-treatment control group. Laser irradiation was performed immediately before the first contraction for treated groups. Electrical stimulation was used to induce six tetanic tibial anterior muscle contractions with 10 min intervals between them. Contractions were stopped when the muscle force fell to 50% of the peak value for each contraction; blood samples were taken before the first and immediately after the sixth contraction. The relative peak forces for the sixth contraction were significantly better (P < 0.05) in the two laser groups irradiated with highest doses [151.27% (SD +/- 18.82) for 1.0 J, 144.84% (SD +/- 34.47) for 3.0 J and 82.25% (SD +/- 11.69) for the control group]. Similar significant (P < 0.05) increases in mean performed work during the sixth contraction for the 1.0 and 3.0 J groups were also observed. Blood lactate levels were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than the control group in all irradiated groups. All irradiated groups except the 3.0 J group had significantly lower post-exercise CK activity than the control group. We conclude that pre-exercise irradiation with a laser dose of 1.0 J and 904 nm wavelength significantly delays muscle fatigue and decreases post-exercise blood lactate and CK in this rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal Junior
- Section for Physiotherapy Science, Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen (UiB), Kalfarveien 31, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
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122
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Chow RT, Johnson MI, Lopes-Martins RAB, Bjordal JM. Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in the management of neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo or active-treatment controlled trials. Lancet 2009; 374:1897-908. [PMID: 19913903 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61522-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neck pain is a common and costly condition for which pharmacological management has limited evidence of efficacy and side-effects. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a relatively uncommon, non-invasive treatment for neck pain, in which non-thermal laser irradiation is applied to sites of pain. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials to assess the efficacy of LLLT in neck pain. METHODS We searched computerised databases comparing efficacy of LLLT using any wavelength with placebo or with active control in acute or chronic neck pain. Effect size for the primary outcome, pain intensity, was defined as a pooled estimate of mean difference in change in mm on 100 mm visual analogue scale. FINDINGS We identified 16 randomised controlled trials including a total of 820 patients. In acute neck pain, results of two trials showed a relative risk (RR) of 1.69 (95% CI 1.22-2.33) for pain improvement of LLLT versus placebo. Five trials of chronic neck pain reporting categorical data showed an RR for pain improvement of 4.05 (2.74-5.98) of LLLT. Patients in 11 trials reporting changes in visual analogue scale had pain intensity reduced by 19.86 mm (10.04-29.68). Seven trials provided follow-up data for 1-22 weeks after completion of treatment, with short-term pain relief persisting in the medium term with a reduction of 22.07 mm (17.42-26.72). Side-effects from LLLT were mild and not different from those of placebo. INTERPRETATION We show that LLLT reduces pain immediately after treatment in acute neck pain and up to 22 weeks after completion of treatment in patients with chronic neck pain. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta T Chow
- Nerve Research Foundation, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Low-level laser therapy attenuates creatine kinase levels and apoptosis during forced swimming in rats. Lasers Med Sci 2009; 25:115-20. [PMID: 19554361 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-009-0697-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies suggest that high-intensity physical exercise can cause damage to skeletal muscles, resulting in muscle soreness, fatigue, inflammatory processes and cell apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on a decrease in creatine kinase (CK) levels and cell apoptosis. Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two equal groups: group 1 (control), resistance swimming; group 2 (LLLT), resistance swimming with LLLT. They were subjected to a single application of indium gallium aluminum phosphide (InGaAlP) laser immediately following the exercise for 40 s at an output power of 100 mW, wavelength 660 nm and 133.3 J/cm(2). The groups were subdivided according to sample collection time: 24 h and 48 h. CK was measured before and both 24 h and 48 h after the test. Samples of the gastrocnemius muscle were processed to determine the presence of apoptosis using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) nick end labeling. (There was a significant difference in CK levels between groups (P < 0.0001) as well as between the 24 h and 48 h levels in the control group, whereas there was no significant intra-group difference in the LLLT group at the same evaluation times. In the LLLT group there were 66.3 +/- 13.2 apoptotic cells after 24 h and 39.0 +/- 6.8 apoptotic cells after 48 h. The results suggest that LLLT influences the metabolic profile of animals subjected to fatigue by lowering serum levels of CK. This demonstrates that LLLT can act as a preventive tool against cell apoptosis experienced during high-intensity physical exercise.
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Iyomasa DM, Garavelo I, Iyomasa MM, Watanabe IS, Issa JPM. Ultrastructural analysis of the low level laser therapy effects on the lesioned anterior tibial muscle in the gerbil. Micron 2009; 40:413-8. [PMID: 19269186 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2009.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Revised: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Low level laser therapy (LLLT) is known for its positive results but studies on the biological and biomodulator characteristics of the effects produced in the skeletal muscle are still lacking. In this study the effects of two laser dosages, 5 or 10 J/cm(2), on the lesioned tibial muscle were compared. Gerbils previously lesioned by 100 g load impact were divided into three groups: GI (n=5) controls, lesion non-irradiated; GII (n=5), lesion irradiated with 5 J/cm(2) and GIII (n=5), lesion irradiated with 10 J/cm(2), and treated for 7 consecutive days with a laser He-Ne (lambda=633 nm). After intracardiac perfusion, the muscles were dissected and reduced to small fragments, post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in increasing alcohol concentrations, treated with propylene oxide and embedded in Spurr resin at 60 degrees C. Ultrafine cuts examined on a transmission electron microscope (Jeol 1010) revealed in the control GI group a large number of altered muscle fibers with degenerating mitochondria, intercellular substance containing degenerating cell fragments and budding blood capillaries with underdeveloped endothelial cells. However, groups GII and GIII showed muscle fibers with few altered myofibrils, regularly contoured mitochondria, ample intermembrane spaces and dilated mitochondrial crests. The clean intercellular substance showed numerous collagen fibers and capillaries with multiple abluminal processes, intraluminal protrusions and several pinocytic vesicles in endothelial cells. It was concluded that laser dosages of 5 or 10 J/cm(2) delivered by laser He-Ne (lambda=633 nm) during 7 consecutive days increase mitochondrial activity in muscular fibers, activate fibroblasts and macrophages and stimulate angiogenesis, thus suggesting effectivity of laser therapy under these experimental conditions.
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Leal Junior ECP, Lopes-Martins RAB, Baroni BM, De Marchi T, Taufer D, Manfro DS, Rech M, Danna V, Grosselli D, Generosi RA, Marcos RL, Ramos L, Bjordal JM. Effect of 830 nm low-level laser therapy applied before high-intensity exercises on skeletal muscle recovery in athletes. Lasers Med Sci 2008; 24:857-63. [PMID: 19057981 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-008-0633-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to investigate the immediate effects of bilateral, 830 nm, low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on high-intensity exercise and biochemical markers of skeletal muscle recovery, in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial set in a sports physiotherapy clinic. Twenty male athletes (nine professional volleyball players and eleven adolescent soccer players) participated. Active LLLT (830 nm wavelength, 100 mW, spot size 0.0028 cm(2), 3-4 J per point) or an identical placebo LLLT was delivered to five points in the rectus femoris muscle (bilaterally). The main outcome measures were the work performed in the Wingate test: 30 s of maximum cycling with a load of 7.5% of body weight, and the measurement of blood lactate (BL) and creatine kinase (CK) levels before and after exercise. There was no significant difference in the work performed during the Wingate test (P > 0.05) between subjects given active LLLT and those given placebo LLLT. For volleyball athletes, the change in CK levels from before to after the exercise test was significantly lower (P = 0.0133) for those given active LLLT (2.52 U l(-1) +/- 7.04 U l(-1)) than for those given placebo LLLT (28.49 U l(-1) +/- 22.62 U l(-1)). For the soccer athletes, the change in blood lactate levels from before exercise to 15 min after exercise was significantly lower (P < 0.01) in the group subjected to active LLLT (8.55 mmol l(-1) +/- 2.14 mmol l(-1)) than in the group subjected to placebo LLLT (10.52 mmol l(-1) +/- 1.82 mmol l(-1)). LLLT irradiation before the Wingate test seemed to inhibit an expected post-exercise increase in CK level and to accelerate post-exercise lactate removal without affecting test performance. These findings suggest that LLLT may be of benefit in accelerating post-exercise recovery.
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Effect of 830 nm low-level laser therapy in exercise-induced skeletal muscle fatigue in humans. Lasers Med Sci 2008; 24:425-31. [PMID: 18649044 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-008-0592-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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