101
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Casalino L, Verde P. Multifaceted Roles of DNA Methylation in Neoplastic Transformation, from Tumor Suppressors to EMT and Metastasis. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E922. [PMID: 32806509 PMCID: PMC7463745 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the major mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis, DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification impacting both genomic stability and gene expression. Methylation of promoter-proximal CpG islands (CGIs) and transcriptional silencing of tumor suppressors represent the best characterized epigenetic changes in neoplastic cells. The global cancer-associated effects of DNA hypomethylation influence chromatin architecture and reactivation of repetitive elements. Moreover, recent analyses of cancer cell methylomes highlight the role of the DNA hypomethylation of super-enhancer regions critically controlling the expression of key oncogenic players. We will first summarize some basic aspects of DNA methylation in tumorigenesis, along with the role of dysregulated DNA methyltransferases and TET (Ten-Eleven Translocation)-family methylcytosine dioxygenases. We will then examine the potential contribution of epimutations to causality and heritability of cancer. By reviewing some representative genes subjected to hypermethylation-mediated silencing, we will survey their oncosuppressor functions and roles as biomarkers in various types of cancer. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the gain of stem-like properties are critically involved in cancer cell dissemination, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. However, the driver vs passenger roles of epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation in EMT, are still poorly understood. Therefore, we will focus our attention on several aspects of DNA methylation in control of EMT and metastasis suppressors, including both protein-coding and noncoding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Casalino
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati Traverso”, CNR, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Verde
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati Traverso”, CNR, 80100 Naples, Italy
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102
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MicroRNA-Dependent Targeting of RSU1 and the IPP Adhesion Complex Regulates the PTEN/PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155458. [PMID: 32751711 PMCID: PMC7432699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The microRNA (miR)-directed control of gene expression is correlated with numerous physiological processes as well as the pathological features of tumors. The focus of this study is on the role of miRs in the regulation of RSU1 and proteins in the IPP (integrin linked kinase, PINCH and parvin) complex. Because the IPP adaptor proteins link β integrins to actin cytoskeleton, and the RSU1 signaling protein connects the complex to the activation of cJun, ATF2 and the transcription of PTEN, their reduction by miRs has the potential to alter both adhesion and survival signaling. (2) Methods: Multiple database analyses were used to identify miRs that target RSU1 and PINCH1. miR transfection validated the effects of miRs on RSU1, PINCH1 and downstream targets in breast cancer cell lines. (3) Results: The miRs targeting RSU1 mRNA include miR-182-5p, -409-3p, -130a-3p, -221-3p, -744-5p and -106b-5p. Data show that miR-182-5p and -409-3p reduce RSU1, PINCH1 and inhibit the ATF2 activation of PTEN expression. miR-221-3p and miR-130a-3p target RSU1 and PINCH1 and, conversely, RSU1 depletion increases miR-221-3p and miR-130a-3p. (4) Conclusions: miRs targeting RSU1 and PINCH1 in mammary epithelial or luminal breast cancer cell lines reduced RSU1 signaling to p38 MAP kinase and ATF2, inhibiting the expression of PTEN. miR-221-3p, known to target PTEN and cell cycle regulators, also targets RSU1 and PINCH1 in luminal breast cancer cell lines.
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103
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Gene expression profiling identifies the role of Zac1 in cervical cancer metastasis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11837. [PMID: 32678267 PMCID: PMC7367306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68835-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The zinc-finger protein which regulates apoptosis and cell cycle arrest 1 (Zac1), encoded by Plagl1 gene, is a seven-zinc-finger containing transcription factor belonging to the imprinted genome and is expressed in diverse types of embryonic and adult human tissues. Zac1 is postulated to be a tumor suppressor by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through interacting and modulating transcriptional activity of p53 as it was named. Correspondingly, the reduction or loss of Zac1 expression is associated with the incidence and progression of several human tumors, including cervical cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, pituitary tumors, and basal cell carcinoma, implying the rationality of utilizing Zac1 expression as novel a biomarker for the evaluation of cervical cancer prognosis. However, to date, it has not been elucidated whether Zac1 expression is related to the prognosis of patients in clinical cervical cancer tumor samples. To address the questions outlined above, we report here a comprehensive investigation of Zac1 expression in biopsies of clinical cervical carcinoma. By analyzing Zac1 expression in various gene expression profiling of cervical cancer databases, we show the association between high Zac1 expression and poor prognosis of cervical cancer. Functional enrichment analysis showed that high Zac1 expression was associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which was further observed in clinical characteristics and metastatic carcinoma samples using immunohistochemical staining. Correspondingly, hypomethylation of CpG island on Zac1 promoter was observed in samples with high Zac1 expression in cervical carcinoma. Finally, overexpression of Zac1 in a variety of cervical cancer cell lines increase their mesenchymal biomarker expression and migration, strengthening the correlation between cervical cancers with high Zac1 expression and metastasis in clinical. In summary, this research firstly revealed that identifying Zac1 expression or the methylation status of CpG site on Zac1 promoter may provide us with novel indicators for the evaluation of cervical cancer metastasis.
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104
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Jia W, Tripathi S, Chakraborty P, Chedere A, Rangarajan A, Levine H, Jolly MK. Epigenetic feedback and stochastic partitioning during cell division can drive resistance to EMT. Oncotarget 2020; 11:2611-2624. [PMID: 32676163 PMCID: PMC7343638 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reverse process mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) are central to metastatic aggressiveness and therapy resistance in solid tumors. While molecular determinants of both processes have been extensively characterized, the heterogeneity in the response of tumor cells to EMT and MET inducers has come into focus recently, and has been implicated in the failure of anti-cancer therapies. Recent experimental studies have shown that some cells can undergo an irreversible EMT depending on the duration of exposure to EMT-inducing signals. While the irreversibility of MET, or equivalently, resistance to EMT, has not been studied in as much detail, evidence supporting such behavior is slowly emerging. Here, we identify two possible mechanisms that can underlie resistance of cells to undergo EMT: epigenetic feedback in ZEB1/GRHL2 feedback loop and stochastic partitioning of biomolecules during cell division. Identifying the ZEB1/GRHL2 axis as a key determinant of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity across many cancer types, we use mechanistic mathematical models to show how GRHL2 can be involved in both the abovementioned processes, thus driving an irreversible MET. Our study highlights how an isogenic population may contain subpopulation with varying degrees of susceptibility or resistance to EMT, and proposes a next set of questions for detailed experimental studies characterizing the irreversibility of MET/resistance to EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jia
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shubham Tripathi
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- PhD Program in Systems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Priyanka Chakraborty
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Adithya Chedere
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Annapoorni Rangarajan
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Herbert Levine
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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105
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Chulpanova DS, Solovyeva VV, James V, Arkhipova SS, Gomzikova MO, Garanina EE, Akhmetzyanova ER, Tazetdinova LG, Khaiboullina SF, Rizvanov AA. Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Overexpressing Interleukin 2 Can Suppress Proliferation of Neuroblastoma Cells in Co-Culture and Activate Mononuclear Cells In Vitro. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:bioengineering7020059. [PMID: 32560387 PMCID: PMC7356660 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7020059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High-dose recombinant interleukin 2 (IL2) therapy has been shown to be successful in renal cell carcinoma and metastatic melanoma. However, systemic administration of high doses of IL2 can be toxic, causing capillary leakage syndrome and stimulating pro-tumor immune response. One of the strategies to reduce the systemic toxicity of IL2 is the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a vehicle for the targeted delivery of IL2. Human adipose tissue-derived MSCs were transduced with lentivirus encoding IL2 (hADSCs-IL2) or blue fluorescent protein (BFP) (hADSCs-BFP). The proliferation, immunophenotype, cytokine profile and ultrastructure of hADSCs-IL2 and hADSCs-BFP were determined. The effect of hADSCs on activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and proliferation and viability of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells after co-culture with native hADSCs, hADSCs-BFP or hADSCs-IL2 on plastic and Matrigel was evaluated. Ultrastructure and cytokine production by hADSCs-IL2 showed modest changes in comparison with hADSCs and hADSCs-BFP. Conditioned medium from hADSC-IL2 affected tumor cell proliferation, increasing the proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells and also increasing the number of late-activated T-cells, natural killer (NK) cells, NKT-cells and activated T-killers. Conversely, hADSC-IL2 co-culture led to a decrease in SH-SY5Y proliferation on plastic and Matrigel. These data show that hADSCs-IL2 can reduce SH-SY5Y proliferation and activate PBMCs in vitro. However, IL2-mediated therapeutic effects of hADSCs could be offset by the increased expression of pro-oncogenes, as well as the natural ability of hADSCs to promote the progression of some tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria S. Chulpanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (D.S.C.); (V.V.S.); (S.S.A.); (M.O.G.); (E.E.G.); (E.R.A.); (L.G.T.); (S.F.K.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeriya V. Solovyeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (D.S.C.); (V.V.S.); (S.S.A.); (M.O.G.); (E.E.G.); (E.R.A.); (L.G.T.); (S.F.K.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria James
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK;
| | - Svetlana S. Arkhipova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (D.S.C.); (V.V.S.); (S.S.A.); (M.O.G.); (E.E.G.); (E.R.A.); (L.G.T.); (S.F.K.)
| | - Marina O. Gomzikova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (D.S.C.); (V.V.S.); (S.S.A.); (M.O.G.); (E.E.G.); (E.R.A.); (L.G.T.); (S.F.K.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina E. Garanina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (D.S.C.); (V.V.S.); (S.S.A.); (M.O.G.); (E.E.G.); (E.R.A.); (L.G.T.); (S.F.K.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elvira R. Akhmetzyanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (D.S.C.); (V.V.S.); (S.S.A.); (M.O.G.); (E.E.G.); (E.R.A.); (L.G.T.); (S.F.K.)
| | - Leysan G. Tazetdinova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (D.S.C.); (V.V.S.); (S.S.A.); (M.O.G.); (E.E.G.); (E.R.A.); (L.G.T.); (S.F.K.)
| | - Svetlana F. Khaiboullina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (D.S.C.); (V.V.S.); (S.S.A.); (M.O.G.); (E.E.G.); (E.R.A.); (L.G.T.); (S.F.K.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Albert A. Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (D.S.C.); (V.V.S.); (S.S.A.); (M.O.G.); (E.E.G.); (E.R.A.); (L.G.T.); (S.F.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-905-316-7599
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106
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Cui X, Zhou D, Du Q, Wan P, Dong K, Hou H, Geller DA. MicroRNA200a enhances antitumor effects in combination with doxorubicin in hepatocellular carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100805. [PMID: 32563177 PMCID: PMC7305444 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is often treated with doxorubicin. MicroRNAs have been shown to have important regulatory roles in cancer and serve as a target in chemoresistance. In this study, we investigated the effects of specific microRNA-200a (miR-200a) on HCC tumor cell growth and effect of doxorubicin-mediated cytotoxicity. Our results show miR-200a is downregulated in human HCC and HCC tumor cell lines. Increasing miR-200a expression inhibited HCC growth and synergized with the antitumor effects of doxorubicin. Inhibiting endogenous miR-200a promoted tumor growth and chemotherapeutic resistance. Increasing miR-200a expression inhibited tumor metabolism (ATP production, mitochondrial respiration, glycolysis), while inhibition of endogenous miR-200a reversed these effects. MiR-200a expression also increased autophagy and synergized with doxorubicin-mediated cytotoxicity. This study identifies a novel role of miR-200a in potentiating doxorubicin-mediated therapeutic effects in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Cui
- Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Dachen Zhou
- Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qiang Du
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Peiqi Wan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Kun Dong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hui Hou
- Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - David A Geller
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
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107
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Majc B, Sever T, Zarić M, Breznik B, Turk B, Lah TT. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as the driver of changing carcinoma and glioblastoma microenvironment. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118782. [PMID: 32554164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an essential molecular and cellular process that is part of normal embryogenesis and wound healing, and also has a ubiquitous role in various types of carcinoma and glioblastoma. EMT is activated and regulated by specific microenvironmental endogenous triggers and a complex network of signalling pathways. These mostly include epigenetic events that affect protein translation-controlling factors and proteases, altogether orchestrated by the switching on and off of oncogenes and tumour-suppressor genes in cancer cells. The hallmark of cancer-linked EMT is that the process is incomplete, as it is opposed by the reverse process of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, which results in a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype that shows notable cell plasticity. This is a characteristic of cancer stem cells (CSCs), and it is of the utmost importance in their niche microenvironment, where it governs CSC migratory and invasive properties, thereby creating metastatic CSCs. These cells have high resistance to therapeutic treatments, in particular in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernarda Majc
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tilen Sever
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Josef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miki Zarić
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Josef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Breznik
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boris Turk
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Josef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Institute of Regenerative Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bol'shaya Pirogovskaya Ulitsa, 19с1, Moscow 119146, Russia
| | - Tamara T Lah
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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108
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Vandamme N, Denecker G, Bruneel K, Blancke G, Akay Ö, Taminau J, De Coninck J, De Smedt E, Skrypek N, Van Loocke W, Wouters J, Nittner D, Köhler C, Darling DS, Cheng PF, Raaijmakers MIG, Levesque MP, Mallya UG, Rafferty M, Balint B, Gallagher WM, Brochez L, Huylebroeck D, Haigh JJ, Andries V, Rambow F, Van Vlierberghe P, Goossens S, van den Oord JJ, Marine JC, Berx G. The EMT Transcription Factor ZEB2 Promotes Proliferation of Primary and Metastatic Melanoma While Suppressing an Invasive, Mesenchymal-Like Phenotype. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2983-2995. [PMID: 32503808 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-inducing transcription factors (TF) are well known for their ability to induce mesenchymal states associated with increased migratory and invasive properties. Unexpectedly, nuclear expression of the EMT-TF ZEB2 in human primary melanoma has been shown to correlate with reduced invasion. We report here that ZEB2 is required for outgrowth for primary melanomas and metastases at secondary sites. Ablation of Zeb2 hampered outgrowth of primary melanomas in vivo, whereas ectopic expression enhanced proliferation and growth at both primary and secondary sites. Gain of Zeb2 expression in pulmonary-residing melanoma cells promoted the development of macroscopic lesions. In vivo fate mapping made clear that melanoma cells undergo a conversion in state where ZEB2 expression is replaced by ZEB1 expression associated with gain of an invasive phenotype. These findings suggest that reversible switching of the ZEB2/ZEB1 ratio enhances melanoma metastatic dissemination. SIGNIFICANCE: ZEB2 function exerts opposing behaviors in melanoma by promoting proliferation and expansion and conversely inhibiting invasiveness, which could be of future clinical relevance. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/14/2983/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Vandamme
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.,VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geertrui Denecker
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kenneth Bruneel
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gillian Blancke
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Özden Akay
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.,VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joachim Taminau
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jordy De Coninck
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva De Smedt
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Skrypek
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wouter Van Loocke
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.,Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University and University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jasper Wouters
- Laboratory of Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Pathology, KULeuven and UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David Nittner
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Corinna Köhler
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Douglas S Darling
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, and Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Phil F Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, University of Zurich Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marieke I G Raaijmakers
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, University of Zurich Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell P Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, University of Zurich Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Udupi Girish Mallya
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College, Dublin, Ireland.,OncoMark Limited, Nova UCD, Belfield Innovation Park, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mairin Rafferty
- OncoMark Limited, Nova UCD, Belfield Innovation Park, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Balazs Balint
- OncoMark Limited, Nova UCD, Belfield Innovation Park, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William M Gallagher
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College, Dublin, Ireland.,OncoMark Limited, Nova UCD, Belfield Innovation Park, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lieve Brochez
- Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Danny Huylebroeck
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jody J Haigh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Florian Rambow
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van Vlierberghe
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.,Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University and University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Goossens
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.,Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University and University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joost J van den Oord
- Laboratory of Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Pathology, KULeuven and UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Berx
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. .,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
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109
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Human Schlafen 5 regulates reversible epithelial and mesenchymal transitions in breast cancer by suppression of ZEB1 transcription. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:633-643. [PMID: 32488136 PMCID: PMC7435190 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0873-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human Schlafen 5 (SLFN5) has been reported to inhibit or promote cell invasion in tumours depending on their origin. However, its role in breast cancer (BRCA) is undetermined. METHODS Differential expression analyses using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, clinical samples and cell lines were performed. Lentiviral knockdown and overexpression experiments were performed to detect changes in cell morphology, molecular markers and invasion. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-Seq) and luciferase reporter assays were performed to detect the SLFN5-binding motif. RESULTS TCGA, clinical samples and cell lines showed that SLFN5 expression was negatively correlated with BRCA metastasis. SLFN5 knockdown induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and enhanced invasion in BRCA cell lines. However, overexpression triggered mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). SLFN5 inhibited the expression of ZEB1 but not ZEB2, SNAI1, SNAI2, TWIST1 or TWIST2. Knockdown and overexpression of ZEB1 indicated that it was a mediator of the SLFN5-governed phenotype and invasion changes. Moreover, SLFN5 inhibited ZEB1 transcription by directly binding to the SLFN5-binding motif on the ZEB1 promoter, but a SLFN5 C-terminal deletion mutant did not. CONCLUSION SLFN5 regulates reversible epithelial and mesenchymal transitions, and inhibits BRCA metastasis by suppression of ZEB1 transcription, suggesting that SLFN5 could be a potential target for BRCA therapy.
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110
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Hua W, Ten Dijke P, Kostidis S, Giera M, Hornsveld M. TGFβ-induced metabolic reprogramming during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2103-2123. [PMID: 31822964 PMCID: PMC7256023 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03398-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the most frequent cause of death in cancer patients. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the process in which cells lose epithelial integrity and become motile, a critical step for cancer cell invasion, drug resistance and immune evasion. The transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling pathway is a major driver of EMT. Increasing evidence demonstrates that metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer and extensive metabolic changes are observed during EMT. The aim of this review is to summarize and interconnect recent findings that illustrate how changes in glycolysis, mitochondrial, lipid and choline metabolism coincide and functionally contribute to TGFβ-induced EMT. We describe TGFβ signaling is involved in stimulating both glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration. Interestingly, the subsequent metabolic consequences for the redox state and lipid metabolism in cancer cells are found to be in favor of EMT as well. Combined we illustrate that a better understanding of the mechanistic links between TGFβ signaling, cancer metabolism and EMT holds promising strategies for cancer therapy, some of which are already actively being explored in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Hua
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Sarantos Kostidis
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marten Hornsveld
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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111
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Lin T, Yu CC, Liao YW, Hsieh PL, Chu PM, Liu CM, Yu CH, Su TR. miR-200a inhibits proliferation rate in drug-induced gingival overgrowth through targeting ZEB2. J Formos Med Assoc 2020; 119:1299-1305. [PMID: 32471743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Gingival overgrowth can occur as a result of poor oral hygiene or a side effect of taking certain medications, such as cyclosporine A (CsA). It has been shown that this immunosuppressant drug induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the gingival epithelium but the associated molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. METHODS We first assessed the relative expression of microRNA-200a (miR-200a) in response to the CsA treatment using qRT-PCR. Next, luciferase reporter assay was applied to examine whether miR-200a was able to regulate ZEB2 and Western blot was utilized to measure the expression of ZEB2 in normal human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). To confirm the significance of miR-200a and ZEB2 in the CsA-induced gingival overgrowth, miR-200a inhibitor and shRNA mediated knockdown of ZEB2 were used and cell proliferation in HGFs was assessed by MTT assay. RESULTS The expression of miR-200a was dose-dependently downregulated following the CsA treatment. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed that ZEB2 was a direct downstream target regulated by miR-200a and ZEB2 was indeed increased after the administration of CsA. We demonstrated that knockdown of ZEB2 hampered the CsA-induced HGFs proliferation and the elevated cell proliferation due to inhibition of miR-200a was reversed by repression of ZEB2. CONCLUSION Our results showed that insufficient miR-200a in HGFs caused by CsA administration may lead to gingival enlargement mediated by the upregulation of ZEB2. This finding supported that CsA-induced EMT contributed to the adverse effect of using CsA and miR-200a may serve as an upstream target to prevent the overgrowth of the gingiva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichen Lin
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Liao
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ming Chu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ming Liu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Hang Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Rong Su
- Department of Dentistry, Antai Medical Care Cooperation Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan.
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112
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Bencivenga M, Decimo I, Malpeli G. A therapeutic perspective for proliferative vitreoretinopathy based on the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition by miR-194. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:525. [PMID: 32411748 PMCID: PMC7214892 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.03.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bencivenga
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Section of Surgery, Section of Pathological Anatomy, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Decimo
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Section of Pathological Anatomy, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giorgio Malpeli
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Section of Surgery, Section of Pathological Anatomy, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathological Anatomy, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Rajić J, Dinić S, Uskoković A, Arambašić Jovanović J, Tolić A, Đorđević M, Đorđević M, Poznanović G, Mihailović M, Inic-Kanada A, Barisani-Asenbauer T, Grdović N, Vidaković M. DNA methylation of miR-200 clusters promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition in human conjunctival epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2020; 197:108047. [PMID: 32387379 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to fibrosis associated pathologies including scarring of different ocular tissues. Recently targeting EMT is seen as an appropriate therapeutic approach for different fibrosis related eye diseases such as macular degeneration or glaucoma surgery related fibrosis. Nevertheless, for ocular surface diseases, target genes specific for particular cell type or condition are still undefined. This study aimed to expose the complex regulatory mechanisms that trigger EMT in human conjunctival epithelial (HCjE) cells. EMT was induced by prolonged treatment with two TGF-β isoforms, TGF-β1 and TGF-β2, and their combination. TGF-β1 showed the strongest potential for initiating EMT in HCjE cells, reflected on morphological changes, cell migration and the levels of mRNA expression of different epithelial (CDH1, OCLN, DSP) and mesenchymal (CDH2, FN1, VIM, SNAI1, ZEB2, TWIST1) marker genes. Co-treatment with the DNA demethylating agent 5-Azacytidine (5-AzaC) was capable of stopping the transition of HCjE cells towards a mesenchymal phenotype, based on morphological features, reduced cell mobility and mRNA and protein expression levels of epithelial and mesenchymal marker genes. An EMT qRT-PCR-based array revealed that EMT induced considerable alterations in gene expression, with downregulation of the majority of epithelial marker genes and upregulation of genes specific for the mesenchymal state. The major effect of 5-AzaC treatment was observed as a suppression of mesenchymal marker genes, suggesting the involvement of upstream negative regulator(s) whose promoter demethylation and subsequent expression will in turn promote EMT switch off. The expression level of miRNAs potentially important for EMT induction was determined using qRT-PCR-based array which pointed at members of miR-200 family as main regulators of EMT process in HCjE cells. 5-AzaC treatment induced increased expression of miR-200a, -200b, -200c and miR-141 towards the control level, indicating important role of DNA methylation in their regulation. The DNA methylation status of both miR-200 family clusters, analyzed with high-resolution melting (HRM) and bisulfite sequencing (Bis-Seq), revealed that TGF-β1-induced EMT was accompanied by increase in promoter CpG methylation of both miR-200 loci, which was reverted after 5-AzaC treatment. In conclusion, our results indicate that DNA demethylation of promoters of miR-200 loci is critically important for stopping and reverting the EMT in human conjunctival epithelial cells, suggesting the potential for the development of novel epigenetic-based therapeutic strategies for treating conjunctival conditions associated with EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Rajić
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Dinić
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Uskoković
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Arambašić Jovanović
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anja Tolić
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Đorđević
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Đorđević
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Poznanović
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Mihailović
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Inic-Kanada
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Talin Barisani-Asenbauer
- OCUVAC - Center of Ocular Inflammation and Infection, Laura Bassi Centres of Expertise, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Nevena Grdović
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Melita Vidaković
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
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Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity contributes to many biological processes, including tumor progression. Various epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) responses have been reported and no common, EMT-defining gene expression program has been identified. Here, we have performed a comparative analysis of the EMT response, leveraging highly multiplexed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to measure expression profiles of 103,999 cells from 960 samples, comprising 12 EMT time course experiments and independent kinase inhibitor screens for each. We demonstrate that the EMT is vastly context specific, with an average of only 22% of response genes being shared between any two conditions, and over half of all response genes were restricted to 1–2 time course experiments. Further, kinase inhibitor screens revealed signaling dependencies and modularity of these responses. These findings suggest that the EMT is not simply a single, linear process, but is highly variable and modular, warranting quantitative frameworks for understanding nuances of the transition. It is unclear if a common EMT expression program exists. Here, the authors perform multiplexed single-cell RNA sequencing across 12 EMT time courses and 16 kinase inhibitor screens, and find that EMT transcriptional responses are context specific and EMT is not a single, linear transition.
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115
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Piperigkou Z, Franchi M, Riethmüller C, Götte M, Karamanos NK. miR-200b restrains EMT and aggressiveness and regulates matrix composition depending on ER status and signaling in mammary cancer. Matrix Biol Plus 2020; 6-7:100024. [PMID: 33543022 PMCID: PMC7852204 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2020.100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted microRNAs (miRNAs) reside in a complex regulatory network with extracellular matrix (ECM) macromolecules, which affect cell-cell communication, therefore miRNA expression highlights its significance in several aspects of human diseases, including cancer. miRNA-mediated regulation of breast cancer has received considerable attention due to evidence that shows miRNAs to mediate estrogen receptor (ER) status, metastasis, chemoresistance and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). miR-200b is a pluripotent miRNA, which is inversely regulated by ERα and ERβ in mammary cancer. It has been identified as tumor suppressor and EMT inhibitor serving as a critical biomarker, as its expression in breast tumor determines the disease-free survival, thus highlighting its roles in breast cancer invasion and metastasis. The main goal of this study was to investigate the role of miR-200b in modulating the behavior of breast cancer cells with different ER status. We demonstrate that estrogen signaling through ERs reduces miR-200b expression levels in ERα-positive breast cancer cells. Moreover, miR-200b upregulation reduces the aggressive phenotype of ERβ-positive breast cancer cells by inhibiting cell invasiveness and motility, followed by ECM reorganization as well as cytoskeletal and morphological changes concluded from deep inspection of cell topography. Future investigation towards the mechanistic perspective of miR-200b effects in the behavior of aggressive mammary cancer cells appears rewarding in order to expand our understanding of miR-200b as a novel mediator beyond breast cancer diagnosis and pharmaceutical targeting.
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Key Words
- Breast cancer
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- EMT, epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition
- ER, estrogen receptor
- Erk, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- Estrogen receptors
- Extracellular matrix
- GAG, glycosaminoglycan
- GF, growth factor
- HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
- IGF-IR, insulin-like growth factor receptor type I
- IL, interleukin
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- PG, proteoglycan
- PR, progesterone receptor
- RISC, RNA-induced silencing complex
- SERM, selective estrogen receptor modulator
- TGFβ, transforming growth factor beta
- miR-200b
- miRNA, microRNA
- miRNAs
- pre-miRNA, precursor miRNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Piperigkou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Marco Franchi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | | | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Nikos K. Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
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116
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Li S, Kuo HCD, Yin R, Wu R, Liu X, Wang L, Hudlikar R, Peter RM, Kong AN. Epigenetics/epigenomics of triterpenoids in cancer prevention and in health. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 175:113890. [PMID: 32119837 PMCID: PMC7174132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Triterpenoids are a powerful group of phytochemicals derived from plant foods and herbs. Many reports have shown that they possess chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects not only in cell lines and animal models but also in clinical trials. Because epigenetic changes could potentially occur in the early stages of carcinogenesis preceding genetic mutations, epigenetics are considered promising targets in early interventions against cancer using epigenetic bioactive substances. The biological properties of triterpenoids in cancer prevention and in health have multiple mechanisms, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, cell cycle regulation, as well as epigenetic/epigenomic regulation. In this review, we will discuss and summarize the latest advances in the study of the pharmacological effects of triterpenoids in cancer chemoprevention and in health, including the epigenetic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Hsiao-Chen Dina Kuo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ran Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Renyi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Lujing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Rasika Hudlikar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Rebecca Mary Peter
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ah-Ng Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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117
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UTMD inhibit EMT of breast cancer through the ROS/miR-200c/ZEB1 axis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6657. [PMID: 32313093 PMCID: PMC7170845 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63653-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As a potential drug/gene delivery system, the ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) system can be used as a vehicle as well as increasing the permeability of biological barriers to enhance the effect of tumor treatment. However, the effect of UTMD in the tumor EMT process is unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential and mechanism of UTMD induced oxidative stress in inhibiting EMT of breast cancer. Human breast MDA231 cells were treated with microbubble (MB), ultrasound (US) and UTMD, respectively. The generation of oxidative stress, the levels of miR-200c, ZEB1 and vimentin, and the numbers of migratory cells were evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively by the measurement of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), qRT-PCR, western blot assay, and transwell assay. Then, to evaluate the role of UTMD-induced oxidative stress and miR-200c in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inhibition, the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and miR-200c inhibitor were used before UTMD treatment. We found that UTMD induced oxidative stress, upregulated the expression of miR-200c, downregulated the expression of ZEB1 and vimentin and suppressed the MDA231 cell migration. The addition of NAC and miR-200c inhibitor had an opposite impact on the expression of miR-200c and ZEB1, thus hindered the effects of UTMD on MDA231 cells EMT. In conclusion, UTMD can inhibit the EMT characteristics of MDA231 cells. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of the miR-200c/ZEB1 axis through the generation of ROS induced by UTMD, which may provide a new strategy to prevent the tumor cells EMT under UTMD treatment.
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118
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Cortesi M, Liverani C, Mercatali L, Ibrahim T, Giordano E. Computational models to explore the complexity of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition in cancer. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 12:e1488. [PMID: 32208556 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex biological process that plays a key role in cancer progression and metastasis formation. Its activation results in epithelial cells losing adhesion and polarity and becoming capable of migrating from their site of origin. At this step the disease is generally considered incurable. As EMT execution involves several individual molecular components, connected by nontrivial relations, in vitro techniques are often inadequate to capture its complexity. Computational models can be used to complement experiments and provide additional knowledge difficult to build up in a wetlab. Indeed in silico analysis gives the user total control on the system, allowing to identify the contribution of each independent element. In the following, two kinds of approaches to the computational study of EMT will be presented. The first relies on signal transduction networks description and details how changes in gene expression could influence this process, both focusing on specific aspects of the EMT and providing a general frame for this phenomenon easily comparable with experimental data. The second integrates single cell and population level descriptions in a multiscale model that can be considered a more accurate representation of the EMT. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach will be highlighted, together with the importance of coupling computational and experimental results. Finally, the main challenges that need to be addressed to improve our knowledge of the role of EMT in the neoplastic disease and the scientific and translational value of computational models in this respect will be presented. This article is categorized under: Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilisa Cortesi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Engineering "S. Cavalcanti", Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering "G. Marconi" (DEI), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Chiara Liverani
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Laura Mercatali
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Toni Ibrahim
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Emanuele Giordano
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Engineering "S. Cavalcanti", Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering "G. Marconi" (DEI), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy.,BioEngLab, Health Science and Technology, Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-CIRI), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Advanced Research Center on Electronic Systems (ARCES), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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119
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Hybrid Epithelial/Mesenchymal State in Cancer Metastasis: Clinical Significance and Regulatory Mechanisms. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030623. [PMID: 32143517 PMCID: PMC7140395 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been well recognized for its essential role in cancer progression as well as normal tissue development. In cancer cells, activation of EMT permits the cells to acquire migratory and invasive abilities and stem-like properties. However, simple categorization of cancer cells into epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes misleads the understanding of the complicated metastatic process, and contradictory results from different studies also indicate the limitation of application of EMT theory in cancer metastasis. Nowadays, growing evidence suggests the existence of an intermediate status between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes, i.e., the "hybrid epithelial-mesenchymal (hybrid E/M)" state, provides a possible explanation for those conflicting results. Appearance of hybrid E/M phenotype offers a more plastic status for cancer cells to adapt the stressful environment for proceeding metastasis. In this article, we review the biological importance of the dynamic changes between the epithelial and the mesenchymal states. The regulatory mechanisms encompassing the translational, post-translational, and epigenetic control for this complex and plastic status are also discussed.
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120
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Horn LA, Fousek K, Palena C. Tumor Plasticity and Resistance to Immunotherapy. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:432-441. [PMID: 32348738 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cell plasticity exhibited as an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been identified as a major obstacle for the effective treatment of many cancers. This process, which involves the dedifferentiation of epithelial tumor cells towards a motile, metastatic, and mesenchymal tumor phenotype, mediates resistance to conventional therapies and small-molecule targeted therapies. In this review, we highlight current research correlating the role of tumor plasticity with resistance to current immunotherapy approaches and discuss future and ongoing combination immunotherapy strategies to reduce tumor cell plasticity-driven resistance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Horn
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristen Fousek
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claudia Palena
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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121
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Rubio K, Castillo-Negrete R, Barreto G. Non-coding RNAs and nuclear architecture during epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Cell Signal 2020; 70:109593. [PMID: 32135188 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. On the other hand, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common interstitial lung disease showing a prevalence of 20 new cases per 100,000 persons per year. Despite differences in cellular origin and pathological phenotypes, LC and IPF are lung diseases that share common features, including hyperproliferation of specific cell types in the lung, involvement of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and enhanced activity of signaling pathways, such as tissue growth factor (TGFB), epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), wingless secreted glycoprotein (WNT) signaling, among others. EMT is a process during which epithelial cells lose their cell polarity and cell-cell adhesion, and acquire migratory and invasive properties to become mesenchymal cells. EMT involves numerous morphological hallmarks of hyperproliferative diseases, like cell plasticity, resistance to apoptosis, dedifferentiation and proliferation, thereby playing a central role during organ fibrosis and cancer progression. EMT was considered as an "all-or-none" process. In contrast to these outdated dichotomist interpretations, recent reports suggest that EMT occurs gradually involving different epithelial cell intermediate states with mesenchyme-like characteristics. These cell intermediate states of EMT differ from each other in their cell plasticity, invasiveness and metastatic potential, which in turn are induced by signals from their microenvironment. EMT is regulated by several transcription factors (TFs), which are members of prominent families of master regulators of transcription. In addition, there is increasing evidence for the important contribution of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) to EMT. In our review we highlight articles dissecting the function of different ncRNAs subtypes and nuclear architecture in cell intermediate states of EMT, as well as their involvement in LC and IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Rubio
- Brain and Lung Epigenetics (BLUE), Glycobiology, Cell Growth and Tissue Repair Research Unit (Gly-CRRET), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), 94010 Créteil, France; Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstraße 1, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Rafael Castillo-Negrete
- Brain and Lung Epigenetics (BLUE), Glycobiology, Cell Growth and Tissue Repair Research Unit (Gly-CRRET), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), 94010 Créteil, France; Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstraße 1, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Guillermo Barreto
- Brain and Lung Epigenetics (BLUE), Glycobiology, Cell Growth and Tissue Repair Research Unit (Gly-CRRET), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), 94010 Créteil, France; Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstraße 1, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), The German Center of Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Germany.
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122
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Peng DH, Kundu ST, Fradette JJ, Diao L, Tong P, Byers LA, Wang J, Canales JR, Villalobos PA, Mino B, Yang Y, Minelli R, Peoples MD, Bristow CA, Heffernan TP, Carugo A, Wistuba II, Gibbons DL. ZEB1 suppression sensitizes KRAS mutant cancers to MEK inhibition by an IL17RD-dependent mechanism. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/483/eaaq1238. [PMID: 30867319 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaq1238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase (MEK) inhibitors have failed to show clinical benefit in Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) mutant lung cancer due to various resistance mechanisms. To identify differential therapeutic sensitivities between epithelial and mesenchymal lung tumors, we performed in vivo small hairpin RNA screens, proteomic profiling, and analysis of patient tumor datasets, which revealed an inverse correlation between mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling dependency and a zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1)-regulated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Mechanistic studies determined that MAPK signaling dependency in epithelial lung cancer cells is due to the scaffold protein interleukin-17 receptor D (IL17RD), which is directly repressed by ZEB1. Lung tumors in multiple Kras mutant murine models with increased ZEB1 displayed low IL17RD expression, accompanied by MAPK-independent tumor growth and therapeutic resistance to MEK inhibition. Suppression of ZEB1 function with miR-200 expression or the histone deacetylase inhibitor mocetinostat sensitized resistant cancer cells to MEK inhibition and markedly reduced in vivo tumor growth, showing a promising combinatorial treatment strategy for KRAS mutant cancers. In human lung tumor samples, high ZEB1 and low IL17RD expression correlated with low MAPK signaling, presenting potential markers that predict patient response to MEK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Peng
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Samrat T Kundu
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jared J Fradette
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lixia Diao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pan Tong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lauren A Byers
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jaime Rodriguez Canales
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pamela A Villalobos
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Barbara Mino
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yanan Yang
- Thoracic Disease Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Rosalba Minelli
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael D Peoples
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christopher A Bristow
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Timothy P Heffernan
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alessandro Carugo
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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123
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Yamamoto S, Miyama T, Komoda T, Sugawara M, Nonomura M, Nakanishi J. A Facile Assay of Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition Based on Cooperativity Quantification of Cellular Autonomous Motions. ANAL SCI 2020; 36:263-267. [PMID: 31588066 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19p233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a qualitative change in cell migration behavior during cancer invasion and metastasis, is becoming a new target for anticancer drugs. Therefore, it is crucial to develop in vitro assays for the evaluation of the abilities of drug candidates to control EMT progression. We herein report on a method for the quantification of the EMT based on particle image velocimetry and correlation functions. The exponential fitting of the correlation curve gives an index (λ), which represents transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced EMT progression and its suppression by inhibitors. Moreover, real-time monitoring of the λ value illustrates a time-dependent EMT progressing process, which occurs earlier than the bio-chemical changes in an EMT marker protein expression. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the present method for kinetic studies of EMT progression as well as EMT inhibitor screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Yamamoto
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
| | - Tatsuya Miyama
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS).,Department of Mathematical Information Engineering, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University
| | - Takafumi Komoda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University
| | - Michiko Sugawara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University
| | - Makiko Nonomura
- Department of Mathematical Information Engineering, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University
| | - Jun Nakanishi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS).,Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University
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124
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TGFβ2-induced formation of lipid droplets supports acidosis-driven EMT and the metastatic spreading of cancer cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:454. [PMID: 31974393 PMCID: PMC6978517 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14262-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidosis, a common characteristic of the tumor microenvironment, is associated with alterations in metabolic preferences of cancer cells and progression of the disease. Here we identify the TGF-β2 isoform at the interface between these observations. We document that acidic pH promotes autocrine TGF-β2 signaling, which in turn favors the formation of lipid droplets (LD) that represent energy stores readily available to support anoikis resistance and cancer cell invasiveness. We find that, in cancer cells of various origins, acidosis-induced TGF-β2 activation promotes both partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fatty acid metabolism, the latter supporting Smad2 acetylation. We show that upon TGF-β2 stimulation, PKC-zeta-mediated translocation of CD36 facilitates the uptake of fatty acids that are either stored as triglycerides in LD through DGAT1 or oxidized to generate ATP to fulfill immediate cellular needs. We also address how, by preventing fatty acid mobilization from LD, distant metastatic spreading may be inhibited. The tumour microenvironment is known to have an acidic pH but how this influences cancer cell phenotype is unclear. Here, the authors show that tumour cells upregulate TGF-β2 under acidosis, which leads to the increased formation of lipid droplets allowing for invasiveness and metastases.
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125
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Tripathi S, Levine H, Jolly MK. The Physics of Cellular Decision Making During Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Annu Rev Biophys 2020; 49:1-18. [PMID: 31913665 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-121219-081557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process by which cells lose epithelial traits, such as cell-cell adhesion and apico-basal polarity, and acquire migratory and invasive traits. EMT is crucial to embryonic development and wound healing. Misregulated EMT has been implicated in processes associated with cancer aggressiveness, including metastasis. Recent experimental advances such as single-cell analysis and temporal phenotypic characterization have established that EMT is a multistable process wherein cells exhibit and switch among multiple phenotypic states. This is in contrast to the classical perception of EMT as leading to a binary choice. Mathematical modeling has been at the forefront of this transformation for the field, not only providing a conceptual framework to integrate and analyze experimental data, but also making testable predictions. In this article, we review the key features and characteristics of EMT dynamics, with a focus on the mathematical modeling approaches that have been instrumental to obtaining various useful insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Tripathi
- PhD Program in Systems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA.,Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA; .,Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Herbert Levine
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA; .,Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India;
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126
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Sharma P, Gupta S, Chaudhary M, Mitra S, Chawla B, Khursheed MA, Saran NK, Ramachandran R. Biphasic Role of Tgf-β Signaling during Müller Glia Reprogramming and Retinal Regeneration in Zebrafish. iScience 2020; 23:100817. [PMID: 32004993 PMCID: PMC6994856 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.100817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tgf-β signaling is a major antiproliferative pathway governing different biological functions, including cellular reprogramming. Upon injury, Müller glial cells of zebrafish retina reprogram to form progenitors (MGPCs) essential for regeneration. Here, the significance of Tgf-β signaling for inducing MGPCs is explored. Notably, Tgf-β signaling not only performs a pro-proliferative function but also is necessary for the expression of several regeneration-associated, essential transcription factor genes such as ascl1a, lin28a, oct4, sox2, and zebs and various microRNAs, namely, miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-143, and miR-145 during different phases of retinal regeneration. This study also found the indispensable role played by Mmp2/Mmp9 in the efficacy of Tgf-β signaling. Furthermore, the Tgf-β signaling is essential to cause cell cycle exit of MGPCs towards later phases of regeneration. Finally, the Delta-Notch signaling in collaboration with Tgf-β signaling regulates the critical factor, Her4.1. This study provides novel insights into the biphasic roles of Tgf-β signaling in zebrafish during retinal regeneration. Tgf-β signaling is essential for retinal progenitor proliferation and cell cycle exit pSmad3 binds to 5GC and TIE elements to cause gene activations and repressions Tgf-β signaling regulates Zebs and various miRNAs for cellular reprograming Translation of Tgf-β signaling requires Mmp2/Mmp9 activity
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Sector 81, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Shivangi Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Sector 81, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Mansi Chaudhary
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Sector 81, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Soumitra Mitra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Sector 81, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Bindia Chawla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Sector 81, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Mohammad Anwar Khursheed
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Sector 81, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Navnoor Kaur Saran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Sector 81, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Rajesh Ramachandran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Sector 81, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
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127
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Anticipating critical transitions in epithelial-hybrid-mesenchymal cell-fate determination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:26343-26352. [PMID: 31843939 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1913773116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the vicinity of a tipping point, critical transitions occur when small changes in an input condition cause sudden, large, and often irreversible changes in the state of a system. Many natural systems ranging from ecosystems to molecular biosystems are known to exhibit critical transitions in their response to stochastic perturbations. In diseases, an early prediction of upcoming critical transitions from a healthy to a disease state by using early-warning signals is of prime interest due to potential application in forecasting disease onset. Here, we analyze cell-fate transitions between different phenotypes (epithelial, hybrid-epithelial/mesenchymal [E/M], and mesenchymal states) that are implicated in cancer metastasis and chemoresistance. These transitions are mediated by a mutually inhibitory feedback loop-microRNA-200/ZEB-driven by the levels of transcription factor SNAIL. We find that the proximity to tipping points enabling these transitions among different phenotypes can be captured by critical slowing down-based early-warning signals, calculated from the trajectory of ZEB messenger RNA level. Further, the basin stability analysis reveals the unexpectedly large basin of attraction for a hybrid-E/M phenotype. Finally, we identified mechanisms that can potentially elude the transition to a hybrid-E/M phenotype. Overall, our results unravel the early-warning signals that can be used to anticipate upcoming epithelial-hybrid-mesenchymal transitions. With the emerging evidence about the hybrid-E/M phenotype being a key driver of metastasis, drug resistance, and tumor relapse, our results suggest ways to potentially evade these transitions, reducing the fitness of cancer cells and restricting tumor aggressiveness.
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128
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Mapping lung cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition states and trajectories with single-cell resolution. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5587. [PMID: 31811131 PMCID: PMC6898514 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the spectrum of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) states in clinical samples promises insights on cancer progression and drug resistance. Using mass cytometry time-course analysis, we resolve lung cancer EMT states through TGFβ-treatment and identify, through TGFβ-withdrawal, a distinct MET state. We demonstrate significant differences between EMT and MET trajectories using a computational tool (TRACER) for reconstructing trajectories between cell states. In addition, we construct a lung cancer reference map of EMT and MET states referred to as the EMT-MET PHENOtypic STAte MaP (PHENOSTAMP). Using a neural net algorithm, we project clinical samples onto the EMT-MET PHENOSTAMP to characterize their phenotypic profile with single-cell resolution in terms of our in vitro EMT-MET analysis. In summary, we provide a framework to phenotypically characterize clinical samples in the context of in vitro EMT-MET findings which could help assess clinical relevance of EMT in cancer in future studies. Intermediate transitions between epithelial and mesenchymal states are associated with tumor progression. Here using mass cytometry, Plevritis and colleagues develop a computational framework to resolve and map these trajectories in lung cancer cells and clinical specimens.
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129
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Pillman KA, Scheer KG, Hackett-Jones E, Saunders K, Bert AG, Toubia J, Whitfield HJ, Sapkota S, Sourdin L, Pham H, Le TD, Cursons J, Davis MJ, Gregory PA, Goodall GJ, Bracken CP. Extensive transcriptional responses are co-ordinated by microRNAs as revealed by Exon-Intron Split Analysis (EISA). Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:8606-8619. [PMID: 31372646 PMCID: PMC6895270 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been a subject of intense scrutiny as it facilitates metastasis and alters drug sensitivity. Although EMT-regulatory roles for numerous miRNAs and transcription factors are known, their functions can be difficult to disentangle, in part due to the difficulty in identifying direct miRNA targets from complex datasets and in deciding how to incorporate 'indirect' miRNA effects that may, or may not, represent biologically relevant information. To better understand how miRNAs exert effects throughout the transcriptome during EMT, we employed Exon-Intron Split Analysis (EISA), a bioinformatic technique that separates transcriptional and post-transcriptional effects through the separate analysis of RNA-Seq reads mapping to exons and introns. We find that in response to the manipulation of miRNAs, a major effect on gene expression is transcriptional. We also find extensive co-ordination of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms during both EMT and mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) in response to TGF-β or miR-200c respectively. The prominent transcriptional influence of miRNAs was also observed in other datasets where miRNA levels were perturbed. This work cautions against a narrow approach that is limited to the analysis of direct targets, and demonstrates the utility of EISA to examine complex regulatory networks involving both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Pillman
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,ACRF Cancer Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kaitlin G Scheer
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Emily Hackett-Jones
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Klay Saunders
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew G Bert
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - John Toubia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,ACRF Cancer Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Holly J Whitfield
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sunil Sapkota
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Laura Sourdin
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Hoang Pham
- School of Information Technology and Mathematical Sciences, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
| | - Thuc D Le
- School of Information Technology and Mathematical Sciences, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
| | - Joseph Cursons
- School of Information Technology and Mathematical Sciences, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa J Davis
- School of Information Technology and Mathematical Sciences, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip A Gregory
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,School of Medicine, Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Gregory J Goodall
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,School of Medicine, Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Cameron P Bracken
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,School of Medicine, Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
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130
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Gasior K, Wagner NJ, Cores J, Caspar R, Wilson A, Bhattacharya S, Hauck ML. The role of cellular contact and TGF-beta signaling in the activation of the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Cell Adh Migr 2019; 13:63-75. [PMID: 30296203 PMCID: PMC6527395 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2018.1526597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one step in the process through which carcinoma cells metastasize by gaining the cellular mobility associated with mesenchymal cells. This work examines the dual influence of the TGF-β pathway and intercellular contact on the activation of EMT in colon (SW480) and breast (MCF7) carcinoma cells. While the SW480 population revealed an intermediate state between the epithelial and mesenchymal states, the MC7 cells exhibited highly adhesive behavior. However, for both cell lines, an exogenous TGF-β signal and a reduction in cellular confluence can push a subgroup of the population towards the mesenchymal phenotype. Together, these results highlight that, while EMT is induced by the synergy of multiple signals, this activation varies across cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Gasior
- Biomathematics Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Nikki J. Wagner
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jhon Cores
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rose Caspar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Alyson Wilson
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Sudin Bhattacharya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Center for Research on Ingredient Safety, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Marlene L. Hauck
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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131
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Llorens MC, Rossi FA, García IA, Cooke M, Abba MC, Lopez-Haber C, Barrio-Real L, Vaglienti MV, Rossi M, Bocco JL, Kazanietz MG, Soria G. PKCα Modulates Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Invasiveness of Breast Cancer Cells Through ZEB1. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1323. [PMID: 31828042 PMCID: PMC6890807 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ZEB1 is a master regulator of the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) program. While extensive evidence confirmed the importance of ZEB1 as an EMT transcription factor that promotes tumor invasiveness and metastasis, little is known about its regulation. In this work, we screened for potential regulatory links between ZEB1 and multiple cellular kinases. Exploratory in silico analysis aided by phospho-substrate antibodies and ZEB1 deletion mutants led us to identify several potential phospho-sites for the family of PKC kinases in the N-terminus of ZEB1. The analysis of breast cancer cell lines panels with different degrees of aggressiveness, together with the evaluation of a battery of kinase inhibitors, allowed us to expose a robust correlation between ZEB1 and PKCα both at mRNA and protein levels. Subsequent validation experiments using siRNAs against PKCα revealed that its knockdown leads to a concomitant decrease in ZEB1 levels, while ZEB1 knockdown had no impact on PKCα levels. Remarkably, PKCα-mediated downregulation of ZEB1 recapitulates the inhibition of mesenchymal phenotypes, including inhibition in cell migration and invasiveness. These findings were extended to an in vivo model, by demonstrating that the stable knockdown of PKCα using lentiviral shRNAs markedly impaired the metastatic potential of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Taken together, our findings unveil an unforeseen regulatory pathway comprising PKCα and ZEB1 that promotes the activation of the EMT in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Candelaria Llorens
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fabiana Alejandra Rossi
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires, IBioBA-CONICET, Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Translational Medicine Research Institute (IIMT), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Iris Alejandra García
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariana Cooke
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Martin C. Abba
- Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Cynthia Lopez-Haber
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Laura Barrio-Real
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - María Victoria Vaglienti
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mario Rossi
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires, IBioBA-CONICET, Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Translational Medicine Research Institute (IIMT), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José Luis Bocco
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marcelo G. Kazanietz
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gastón Soria
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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132
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Moradi-Marjaneh R, Khazaei M, Ferns GA, Aghaee-Bakhtiari SH. The Role of TGF-β Signaling Regulatory MicroRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:4611-4618. [PMID: 30636580 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190110150705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers globally and is associated with a high mortality rate. The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway plays an important role in normal intestinal tissue function, but has also been implicated in the development of CRC. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have also recently emerged as important regulators of cancer development and progression. They act by targeting multiple signaling pathways including the TGF-β signaling pathway. There is growing evidence demonstrating that miRNAs target various components of the TGF-β signaling pathway, including TGF-β1, TGF-β2, regulatory SMADs (SMAD1, 2, 3, 5 and 9), co-mediator SMAD4, inhibitory SMADs (SMAD6 and 7) and the TGF-β receptors, and thereby alter the proliferation and migration of CRC cells. In this review, we summarize the data concerning the interaction between TGF-β signaling pathway and miRNAs with the aim to better understanding the CRC molecular mechanisms and hence better management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Moradi-Marjaneh
- Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, United Kingdom
| | - Seyed H Aghaee-Bakhtiari
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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133
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Grau Ribes A, De Decker Y, Rongy L. Connecting gene expression to cellular movement: A transport model for cell migration. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:032412. [PMID: 31639952 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.032412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The adhesion properties and the mobility of biological cells play key roles in the propagation of cancer. These properties are expected to depend on intracellular processes and on the concentrations of chemicals inside the cell. While most existing reaction-diffusion models for cell migration consider that cell mobility and proliferation rate are constant or depend on an external diffusing species, they do not include the gene expression dynamics taking place in moving cells that affect cellular transport. In this work, we propose a multiscale model where mobility and proliferation depend explicitly on the cell's internal state. We focus more specifically on the case of cellular mobility in epithelial tissues. Wound-healing experiments have demonstrated that the loss of a key protein, E-cadherin, results in a significant increase in both mobility and invasiveness of epithelial cells, with dramatic consequences on cancer progression. We can reproduce the results of these experiments under various genetic conditions with a single set of parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Grau Ribes
- Nonlinear Physical Chemistry Unit, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yannick De Decker
- Nonlinear Physical Chemistry Unit, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Rongy
- Nonlinear Physical Chemistry Unit, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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134
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Du W, Tang H, Lei Z, Zhu J, Zeng Y, Liu Z, Huang JA. miR-335-5p inhibits TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancer via ROCK1. Respir Res 2019; 20:225. [PMID: 31638991 PMCID: PMC6805547 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1184-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant evidence has shown that the miRNA pathway is an important component in the downstream signaling cascades of TGF-β1 pathway. Our previous study has indicated that miR-335-5p expression was significantly down-regulated and acted as a vital player in the metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), however the underlying mechanism remained unclear. METHODS The differential expression level of miR-335-5p and ROCK1 were determined by qRT-PCR and IHC analysis in human tissue samples with or without lymph node metastasis. Transwell assay was conducted to determine cell ability of migration and invasion. SiRNA interference, microRNA transfection and western blot analysis were utilized to clarify the underlying regulatory mechanism. RESULTS We showed that down-regulated expression of miR-335-5p and up-regulated expression of ROCK1 in NSCLC tissues were associated with lymph node metastasis. Over-expresion of miR-335-5p significantly inhibited TGF-β1-mediated NSCLC migration and invasion. Furthermore, luciferase reporter assays proved that miR-335-5p can bind to 3'-UTR of ROCK1 directly. Moreover, we confirmed that siRNA-mediated silencing of ROCK1 significantly diminished TGF-β1-mediated EMT and migratory and invasive capabilities of A549 and SPC-A1 cells. CONCLUSION This is the first time to report that miR-335-5p regulates ROCK1 and impairs its functions, thereby playing a key role in TGF-β1-induced EMT and cell migration and invasion in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Du
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Suzhou, 215006, China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Haicheng Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Suzhou, 215006, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng City, Yancheng, 224001, China
| | - Zhe Lei
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianjie Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Suzhou, 215006, China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Suzhou, 215006, China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Zeyi Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China. .,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Suzhou, 215006, China. .,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Jian-An Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China. .,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Suzhou, 215006, China. .,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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135
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Valproic acid promotes the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells through stabilization of Snail and transcriptional upregulation of Zeb1. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 865:172745. [PMID: 31639340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) can regulate cancer progression and its inhibitors (HDACIs) have been widely used for cancer therapy. Valproic acid (VPA, 2-propylpentanoic acid) can inhibit the class I HDAC and suppress the malignancy of solid cancers. Our present study revealed that 1 mM VPA, which has no effect on cell proliferation, can significantly increase the migration and induce epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) like properties of breast cancer cells. Further, VPA increased the expression of EMT-transcription factors (EMT-TFs) Snail and Zeb1. Knockdown of Snail and Zeb1 can attenuate VPA induced cell migration and EMT. Mechanistically, VPA increased the protein stability of Snail via suppression its phosphorylation at Ser 11. As to Zeb1, VPA can increase its promoter activity and transcription via a HDAC2 dependent manner. Over expression of HDAC2 can block VPA induced expression of Zeb1. Collectively, our data revealed that VPA can trigger the EMT of breast cancer cells via upregulation of Snail and Zeb1. It indicated that more attention should be paid to the effects of VPA on the clinical therapy of breast cancer.
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136
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Jolly MK, Celià-Terrassa T. Dynamics of Phenotypic Heterogeneity Associated with EMT and Stemness during Cancer Progression. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1542. [PMID: 31557977 PMCID: PMC6832750 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity contribute to the generation of diverse tumor cell populations, thus enhancing cancer aggressiveness and therapy resistance. Compared to genetic heterogeneity, a consequence of mutational events, phenotypic heterogeneity arises from dynamic, reversible cell state transitions in response to varying intracellular/extracellular signals. Such phenotypic plasticity enables rapid adaptive responses to various stressful conditions and can have a strong impact on cancer progression. Herein, we have reviewed relevant literature on mechanisms associated with dynamic phenotypic changes and cellular plasticity, such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stemness, which have been reported to facilitate cancer metastasis. We also discuss how non-cell-autonomous mechanisms such as cell-cell communication can lead to an emergent population-level response in tumors. The molecular mechanisms underlying the complexity of tumor systems are crucial for comprehending cancer progression, and may provide new avenues for designing therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Toni Celià-Terrassa
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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137
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Jin Y, Lu X, Wang M, Zhao X, Xue L. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein accelerates migration by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition through TGF-β signaling pathway in esophageal cancer cells. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:76. [PMID: 31548877 PMCID: PMC6749643 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0338-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prognosis of esophageal cancer is still dismal because of its high probability of metastasis that is likely related to the cellular process of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Recent studies have shown a novel role of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) in regulating the migration process of cancer cells and, therefore, linking to progression and poor prognosis of cancer. Methods The expression of XIAP in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry assay. Cell migration was analyzed by wound healing assay and Transwell assay. The expression of EMT markers (E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Vimentin) was revealed by immunofluorescence assay. Quantitative real‑time PCR analysis and Western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of XIAP and EMT markers as well as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) at mRNA and protein level, respectively. Results We found that the expression of XIAP closely correlated to the probability of lymphatic metastasis in patients and that ESCC patients with the high XIAP expression were associated with worse overall survival (OS). Univariate and multivariate analysis also revealed XIAP as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in ESCC patients. In both EC9706 and TE13 cell lines, knockdown of XIAP decreased the migration of cancer cells by inhibiting EMT process through regulating the TGF-β signaling pathway, pinpointing a regulatory role of XIAP in migratory process upon TGF-β activation. Conclusions Taken together, our results suggest XIAP as a important prognostic and regulative factor in ESCC patients. XIAP may promote migration of esophageal cancer cells through the activation of TGF-β mediated EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Jin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinye Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingdong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuewei Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003 People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003 People's Republic of China
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138
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Jia W, Deshmukh A, Mani SA, Jolly MK, Levine H. A possible role for epigenetic feedback regulation in the dynamics of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Phys Biol 2019; 16:066004. [PMID: 31342918 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ab34df] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) often plays a critical role in cancer metastasis and chemoresistance, and decoding its dynamics is crucial to design effective therapeutics. EMT is regulated at multiple levels-transcriptional, translational, protein stability and epigenetics; the mechanisms by which epigenetic regulation can alter the dynamics of EMT remain elusive. Here, to identify the possible effects of epigenetic regulation in EMT, we incorporate a feedback term in our previously proposed model of EMT regulation of the miR-200/ZEB/miR-34/SNAIL circuit. This epigenetic feedback that stabilizes long-term transcriptional activity can alter the relative stability and distribution of states in a given cell population, particularly when incorporated in the inhibitory effect on miR-200 from ZEB. This feedback can stabilize the mesenchymal state, thus making transitions out of that state difficult. Conversely, epigenetic regulation of the self-activation of ZEB has only minor effects. Our model predicts that this effect could be seen in experiments, when epithelial cells are treated with an external EMT-inducing signal for a sufficiently long period of time and then allowed to recover. Our preliminary experimental data indicates that a chronic TGF-β exposure gives rise to irreveversible EMT state; i.e. unable to reverse back to the epithelial state. Thus, this integrated theoretical-experimental approach yields insights into how an epigenetic feedback may alter the dynamics of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jia
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States of America. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States of America. These authors contributed equally
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139
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Kang JH, Jung MY, Leof EB. B7-1 drives TGF-β stimulated pancreatic carcinoma cell migration and expression of EMT target genes. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222083. [PMID: 31483844 PMCID: PMC6726221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
B7-1 proteins are routinely expressed on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APC) and within the innate immune system. They function to establish a biologically optimal and dynamic balance between immune activation and inhibition or self-tolerance. Interactions between B7-1 and its receptors, which include CD28, CTLA4 and PD-L1, contribute to both stimulatory as well as inhibitory or homeostatic regulation. In the current study, we investigated whether the tumor-promoting actions of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) disrupted this equilibrium in pancreatic cancer to promote malignant progression and an enhanced means to evade immune detection. The data show that B7-1 is (i) upregulated following treatment of pancreatic carcinoma cells with TGF-β; (ii) induced by TGF-β via both Smad2/3-dependent and independent pathways; (iii) required for pancreatic tumor cell in vitro migration/invasion; and (iv) necessary for TGF-β regulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through induction of Snail family members. Results from the proposed studies provide valuable insights into mechanisms whereby TGF-β regulates both the innate immune response and intrinsic properties of pancreatic tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Han Kang
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Thoracic Disease Research Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Mi-Yeon Jung
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Thoracic Disease Research Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Edward B. Leof
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Thoracic Disease Research Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
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140
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Yang C, Cao M, Liu Y, He Y, Du Y, Zhang G, Gao F. Inducible formation of leader cells driven by CD44 switching gives rise to collective invasion and metastases in luminal breast carcinomas. Oncogene 2019; 38:7113-7132. [PMID: 31417182 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0899-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Collective invasion into adjacent tissue is a hallmark of luminal breast cancer, and ~20% of these cases eventually undergo metastasis. How less aggressive luminal-like breast cancer transitions to invasive cancer remains unclear. Our study revealed that CD44hi cancer cells are the leading subpopulation in collectively invading luminal cancer cells and efficiently promote the collective invasion of CD44lo/follower cells. The CD44hi/leader subpopulation showed a specific gene signature of various hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal genes and key functional coregulators of collective invasion, which was distinct from that of CD44lo/follower cells. However, the CD44hi/leader cells, which showed a partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype, readily switched to the CD44lo phenotype along with collective migration and vice versa; this phenomenon was spontaneous and sensitive to the tumor microenvironment. The CD44lo-to-CD44hi conversion was accompanied by a shift in CD44s to CD44v but not a conversion of non-cancer stem cells to cancer stem cells (CSCs). Therefore, the CD44hi leader cells, as currently identified, are not a stable subpopulation in breast tumors. This plasticity and ability to generate CD44hi carcinoma cells with enhanced migratory and invasive behavior might be responsible for the transition from in situ to invasive behavior of luminal-type breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuixia Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology Laboratory, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200233, Shanghai, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Manlin Cao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology Laboratory, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqing He
- Department of Molecular Biology Laboratory, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Molecular Biology Laboratory, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology Laboratory, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Molecular Biology Laboratory, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200233, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200233, Shanghai, China.
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141
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Nath B, Bidkar AP, Kumar V, Dalal A, Jolly MK, Ghosh SS, Biswas G. Deciphering Hydrodynamic and Drug-Resistant Behaviors of Metastatic EMT Breast Cancer Cells Moving in a Constricted Microcapillary. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1194. [PMID: 31404980 PMCID: PMC6722803 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) induces cell migration, invasion, and drug resistance, and consequently, contributes to cancer metastasis and disease aggressiveness. This study attempted to address crucial biological parameters to correlate EMT and drug-treated cancer cells traversing through microcapillaries, reminiscent of metastatic conditions. MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells induced to undergo EMT by treatment with 20 ng/mL of epidermal growth factor (EGF) were initially passed through several blockages and then through a constricted microchannel, mimicking the flow of invasive metastatic cells through constricted blood microcapillaries. EMT cells acquired enhanced migratory properties and retained 50% viability, even after migration through wells 10-15 μm in size and a constricted passage of 7 μm and 150 μm in length at a constant flow rate of 50 μL/h. The hydrodynamic properties revealed cellular deformation with a deformation index, average transit velocity, and entry time of 2.45, 12.3 mm/s, and 31,000 μs, respectively for a cell of average diameter 19 μm passing through one of the 7 μm constricted sections. Interestingly, cells collected at the channel outlet regained epithelial character, undergoing reverse transition (mesenchymal to epithelial transition, MET) in the absence of EGF. Remarkably, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis confirmed increases of 2- and 2.7-fold in the vimentin and fibronectin expression in EMT cells, respectively; however, their expression reduced to basal level in the MET cells. A scratch assay revealed the pronounced migratory nature of EMT cells compared with MET cells. Furthermore, the number of colonies formed from EMT cells and paclitaxel-treated EMT cells after passing through a constriction were found to be 95 ± 10 and 79 ± 4, respectively, confirming that the EMT cells were more drug resistant with a concomitant two-fold higher expression of the multi-drug resistance (MDR1) gene. Our results highlight the hydrodynamic and drug-evading properties of cells that have undergone an EMT, when passed through a constricted microcapillary that mimics their journey in blood circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binita Nath
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India
| | - Anil P Bidkar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India
| | - Vikash Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India
| | - Amaresh Dalal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Siddhartha S Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India
| | - Gautam Biswas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208 016, India.
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Cell Type-Specific TGF-β Mediated EMT in 3D and 2D Models and Its Reversal by TGF-β Receptor Kinase Inhibitor in Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143568. [PMID: 31336560 PMCID: PMC6678358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptome profiling of 3D models compared to 2D models in various cancer cell lines shows differential expression of TGF-β-mediated and cell adhesion pathways. Presence of TGF-β in these cell lines shows an increased invasion potential which is specific to cell type. In the present study, we identified exogenous addition of TGF-β can induce Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in a few cancer cell lines. RNA sequencing and real time PCR were carried out in different ovarian cancer cell lines to identify molecular profiling and metabolic profiling. Since EMT induction by TGF-β is cell-type specific, we decided to select two promising ovarian cancer cell lines as model systems to study EMT. TGF-β modulation in EMT and cancer invasion were successfully depicted in both 2D and 3D models of SKOV3 and CAOV3 cell lines. Functional evaluation in 3D and 2D models demonstrates that the addition of the exogenous TGF-β can induce EMT and invasion in cancer cells by turning them into aggressive phenotypes. TGF-β receptor kinase I inhibitor (LY364947) can revert the TGF-β effect in these cells. In a nutshell, TGF-β can induce EMT and migration, increase aggressiveness, increase cell survival, alter cell characteristics, remodel the Extracellular Matrix (ECM) and increase cell metabolism favorable for tumor invasion and metastasis. We concluded that transcriptomic and phenotypic effect of TGF-β and its inhibitor is cell-type specific and not cancer specific.
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143
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Zhang L, Cai QY, Liu J, Peng J, Chen YQ, Sferra TJ, Lin JM. Ursolic acid suppresses the invasive potential of colorectal cancer cells by regulating the TGF-β1/ZEB1/miR-200c signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:3274-3282. [PMID: 31452805 PMCID: PMC6676672 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) is a biologically active compound, commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It has been reported to exhibit strong anticancer properties against a variety of cancers. Our previous studies showed that UA promoted apoptosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and inhibited cellular proliferation and angiogenesis. However, the effect and underlying molecular mechanism of UA in CRC progression remain unclear. In the present study, the role of UA in suppressing the migration and invasion of human colon cancer HCT116 and HCT-8 cells was investigated, using Transwell assays. In addition, to evaluate whether the anticancer properties of UA were mediated by the regulation of a double-negative feedback loop consisting of the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox (ZEB1) pathway and microRNA (miR)-200a/b/c, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis were performed. The results indicated that UA treatment significantly suppressed cellular growth, migration and invasion in HCT116 and HCT-8 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, following UA treatment, several crucial mediators of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway, including TGF-β1, phosphorylated (p)-Smad2/3, p-focal adhesion kinase and ZEB1, were significantly downregulated in the HCT116 and HCT-8 cell lines compared with the control group. Furthermore, the ratio of N-cadherin/E-cadherin, two proteins directly downstream of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway, was found to be downregulated in UA treated CRC cells. Finally, UA significantly upregulated miR200a/b/c, with miR-200c exhibiting the highest increase in expression levels following UA treatment. Collectively, the present study suggested that inhibition of CRC cell invasion by UA occurred via regulation of the TGF-β1/ZEB1/miR-200c signaling network, which may be one of the mechanisms by which UA appears to be an effective therapeutic agent against colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Qiao-Yan Cai
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - You-Qin Chen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Thomas J Sferra
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jiu-Mao Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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144
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Watanabe K, Panchy N, Noguchi S, Suzuki H, Hong T. Combinatorial perturbation analysis reveals divergent regulations of mesenchymal genes during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2019; 5:21. [PMID: 31275609 PMCID: PMC6570767 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-019-0097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a fundamental transdifferentiation process in development, produces diverse phenotypes in different physiological or pathological conditions. Many genes involved in EMT have been identified to date, but mechanisms contributing to the phenotypic diversity and those governing the coupling between the dynamics of epithelial (E) genes and that of the mesenchymal (M) genes are unclear. In this study, we employed combinatorial perturbations to mammary epithelial cells to induce a series of EMT phenotypes by manipulating two essential EMT-inducing elements, namely TGF-β and ZEB1. By measuring transcriptional changes in more than 700 E-genes and M-genes, we discovered that the M-genes exhibit a significant diversity in their dependency to these regulatory elements and identified three groups of M-genes that are controlled by different regulatory circuits. Notably, functional differences were detected among the M-gene clusters in motility regulation and in survival of breast cancer patients. We computationally predicted and experimentally confirmed that the reciprocity and reversibility of EMT are jointly regulated by ZEB1. Our integrative analysis reveals the key roles of ZEB1 in coordinating the dynamics of a large number of genes during EMT, and it provides new insights into the mechanisms for the diversity of EMT phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide Watanabe
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Nicholas Panchy
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
- National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - Shuhei Noguchi
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Harukazu Suzuki
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Tian Hong
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
- National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
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145
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Hao Y, Baker D, Ten Dijke P. TGF-β-Mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112767. [PMID: 31195692 PMCID: PMC6600375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 641] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a secreted cytokine that regulates cell proliferation, migration, and the differentiation of a plethora of different cell types. Consistent with these findings, TGF-β plays a key role in controlling embryogenic development, inflammation, and tissue repair, as well as in maintaining adult tissue homeostasis. TGF-β elicits a broad range of context-dependent cellular responses, and consequently, alterations in TGF-β signaling have been implicated in many diseases, including cancer. During the early stages of tumorigenesis, TGF-β acts as a tumor suppressor by inducing cytostasis and the apoptosis of normal and premalignant cells. However, at later stages, when cancer cells have acquired oncogenic mutations and/or have lost tumor suppressor gene function, cells are resistant to TGF-β-induced growth arrest, and TGF-β functions as a tumor promotor by stimulating tumor cells to undergo the so-called epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The latter leads to metastasis and chemotherapy resistance. TGF-β further supports cancer growth and progression by activating tumor angiogenesis and cancer-associated fibroblasts and enabling the tumor to evade inhibitory immune responses. In this review, we will consider the role of TGF-β signaling in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, EMT and cancer cell metastasis. In particular, we will highlight recent insights into the multistep and dynamically controlled process of TGF-β-induced EMT and the functions of miRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in this process. Finally, we will discuss how these new mechanistic insights might be exploited to develop novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hao
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - David Baker
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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146
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Nourmohammadi B, Tafsiri E, Rahimi A, Nourmohammadi Z, Daneshvar Kakhaki A, Cho W, Karimipoor M. Expression of miR-9 and miR-200c, ZEB1, ZEB2 and E-cadherin in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers in Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:1633-1639. [PMID: 31244281 PMCID: PMC7021597 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.6.1633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) exert a critical influence on physiological and pathological processes through post-transcriptional modification of their mRNA targets. They play important roles in tumorigenesis and are considered to be potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers with various cancers. MiR-200c and miR-9 are regulatory elements that can have dual impacts as oncogenes and/or tumor suppressor genes. MiR-200c regulates two transcription factors, ZEB1 and ZEB2, while miR-9 is a regulatory factor for the E-cadherin protein which has a critical function in cell-cell junctions and is inhibited by two transcription factors ZEB1 and ZEB2. In this study, expression levels of miR-200c and miR-9, ZEB-1, ZEB-2 and E-cadherin were assessed in 30 non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) by real-time qPCR. MiR-9 was down-regulated significantly in tumor tissues compared to normal adjacent tissues, while there was no significant change in expression level of miR-200c. On the other hand, ZEB1 demonstrated significant increase and ZEB2a decrease at the mRNA level. These results indicate roles for miR-9 and ZEB1 in genesis of lung cancer, although clinico-pathological associations were not evident. Further studies are necessary to assess implications for treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Nourmohammadi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. ,Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Tafsiri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amirabbas Rahimi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Nourmohammadi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Daneshvar Kakhaki
- Tracheal Diseases Research Center (TDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - William Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Morteza Karimipoor
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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147
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Reese RM, Harrison MM, Alarid ET. Grainyhead-like Protein 2: The Emerging Role in Hormone-Dependent Cancers and Epigenetics. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1275-1288. [PMID: 30958537 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, the grainyhead-like transcription factor (GRHL) family is composed of three nuclear proteins that are responsible for driving epithelial cell fate: GRHL1, GRHL2, and GRHL3. GRHL2 is important in maintaining proper tubulogenesis during development and in suppressing the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Within the last decade, evidence indicates both tumor-suppressive and oncogenic roles for GRHL2 in various types of cancers. Recent studies suggest that GRHL2 may be especially important in hormone-dependent cancers, as correlative relationships exist between GRHL2 and various steroid receptors, such as the androgen and estrogen receptors. Acting as a pioneer factor and coactivator, GRHL2 may directly affect steroid receptor transcriptional activity. This review will highlight recent discoveries of GRHL2 activity in cancer and in maintaining the epithelial state, while also exploring recent literature on the role of GRHL2 in hormone-dependent cancers and epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Reese
- Department of Oncology and Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Melissa M Harrison
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Elaine T Alarid
- Department of Oncology and Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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148
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Tuncer E, Calçada RR, Zingg D, Varum S, Cheng P, Freiberger SN, Deng CX, Kleiter I, Levesque MP, Dummer R, Sommer L. SMAD signaling promotes melanoma metastasis independently of phenotype switching. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2702-2716. [PMID: 31039140 DOI: 10.1172/jci94295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of metastatic melanoma is thought to require the dynamic shifting of neoplastic cells between proliferative and invasive phenotypes. Contrary to this conventional "phenotype switching" model, we now show that disease progression can involve malignant melanoma cells simultaneously displaying proliferative and invasive properties. Using a genetic mouse model of melanoma in combination with in vitro analyses of melanoma cell lines, we found that conditional deletion of the downstream signaling molecule Smad4, which abrogates all canonical TGF-β signaling, indeed inhibits both tumor growth and metastasis. Conditional deletion of the inhibitory signaling factor Smad7, however, generated cells that are both highly invasive and proliferative, indicating that invasiveness is compatible with a high proliferation rate. In fact, conditional Smad7 deletion led to sustained melanoma growth and at the same time promoted massive metastasis formation, a result consistent with data indicating that low SMAD7 levels in patient tumors are associated with a poor survival. Our findings reveal that modulation of SMAD7 levels can overcome the need for phenotype switching during tumor progression and may thus represent a novel therapeutic target in metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eylul Tuncer
- Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raquel R Calçada
- Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Zingg
- Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Varum
- Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Phil Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Chu-Xia Deng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ingo Kleiter
- Department of Neurology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany and Marianne-Strauß-Klinik, Behandlungszentrum Kempfenhausen für Multiple Sklerose Kranke gGmbH, Berg, Germany
| | | | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Sommer
- Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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149
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Yang L, Li J, Fu S, Ren P, Tang J, Wang N, Shi X, Wu J, Lin S. Up-regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 Is Associated with Brain Metastasis in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Mol Cells 2019; 42:321-332. [PMID: 31085806 PMCID: PMC6530643 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.2441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is the most common metastatic site of lung adenocarcinoma; however, the mechanism of this selective metastasis remains unclear. We aimed to verify the hypothesis that exposure of tumor cells to the brain microenvironment leads to changes in their gene expression, which promotes their oriented transfer to the brain. A549 and H1299 lung adenocarcinoma cells were exposed to human astrocyte-conditioned medium to simulate the brain microenvironment. Microarray analysis was used to identify differentially expressed genes, which were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. Knockdown experiments using microRNAs and the overexpression of genes by cell transfection were performed in addition to migration and invasion assays. In vitro findings were confirmed in clinical specimens using immunohistochemistry. We found and confirmed a significant increase in insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) levels. Our results also showed that the up-regulation of IGFBP3 promoted A549 cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration, and invasion, while the knockdown of IGFBP3 resulted in decreased cell motility. We also found that Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 (Smad4)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition was likely IGFBP3-dependent in A549 cells. Finally, expression of IGFBP3 was significantly elevated in pulmonary cancer tissues and intracranial metastatic tissues. Our data indicate that up-regulation of IGFBP3 might mediate brain metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma, which makes it a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishi Yang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000,
China
| | - Junyang Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000,
China
| | - Shaozhi Fu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000,
China
| | - Peirong Ren
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000,
China
| | - Juan Tang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000,
China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000,
China
| | - Xiangxiang Shi
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000,
China
| | - Jingbo Wu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000,
China
| | - Sheng Lin
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000,
China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000,
China
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150
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Dai FQ, Li CR, Fan XQ, Tan L, Wang RT, Jin H. miR-150-5p Inhibits Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Metastasis and Recurrence by Targeting HMGA2 and β-Catenin Signaling. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 16:675-685. [PMID: 31121479 PMCID: PMC6529773 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in the regulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), and CSCs are closely associated with tumor initiation, metastasis, and recurrence. Here we found that miR-150-5p was significantly downregulated in CSCs of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its expression level was negatively correlated with disease progression and poor survival in patients with NSCLC. Inhibition of miR-150-5p increased the CSC population and sphere formation of NSCLC cells in vitro and stimulated NSCLC cell tumorigenicity and metastatic colonization in vivo. In contrast, miR-150-5p overexpression potently inhibited sphere-formed NSCLC cell tumor formation, metastatic colonization, and recurrence in xenograft models. Furthermore, we identified that miR-150-5p significantly inhibited wingless (Wnt)-β-catenin signaling by simultaneously targeting glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta interacting protein (GSKIP) and β-catenin in NSCLC cells. miR-150-5p also targeted high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2), another regulator of CSCs, and Wnt-β-catenin signaling. The restoration of HMGA2 and β-catenin blocked miR-150-5p overexpression-induced inhibition of CSC traits in NSCLC cells. These findings suggest that miR-150-5p functions as a CSC suppressor and that overexpression of miR-150-5p may be a novel strategy to inhibit CSC-induced metastasis and recurrence in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Qiang Dai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Cheng-Run Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Long Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Ren-Tao Wang
- Department of Respiratory, The General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Hua Jin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
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