101
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Kim MH, Kim J. Role of YAP/TAZ transcriptional regulators in resistance to anti-cancer therapies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1457-1474. [PMID: 27826640 PMCID: PMC11107740 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2412-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A diverse range of drug resistance mechanisms in cancer cells and their microenvironment significantly reduces the effectiveness of anti-cancer therapies. Growing evidence suggests that transcriptional effectors of the Hippo pathway, YAP and TAZ, promote resistance to various anti-cancer therapies, including cytotoxic chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, and radiation therapy. Here, we overview the role of YAP and TAZ as drug resistance mediators, and also discuss potential upstream regulators and downstream targets of YAP/TAZ in cancer. The widespread involvement of YAP and TAZ in resistance mechanisms suggests that therapeutic targeting of YAP and TAZ may expedite the development of effective anti-resistance therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hwan Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Taejon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Taejon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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102
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Weber RJ, Desai TA, Gartner ZJ. Non-autonomous cell proliferation in the mammary gland and cancer. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2017; 45:55-61. [PMID: 28314237 PMCID: PMC8811621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cells decide whether to grow and divide by integrating internal and external signals. Non-autonomous cell growth and proliferation occurs when microenvironmental signals from neighboring cells, both physical and secreted, license this decision. Understanding these processes is vital to developing an accurate framework for cell-cell interactions and cellular decision-making, and is useful for advancing new therapeutic strategies to prevent dysregulated growth. Here, we review some recent examples of non-autonomous cell growth in the mammary gland and tumor cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Weber
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94158, United States; Chemistry and Chemical Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, Room 522, San Francisco, California 94158, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Tejal A Desai
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Group in Bioengineering, 1700 Fourth Street, Room 216, San Francisco, California 94158, United States; UCSF Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, 1700 Fourth Street, Room 216B, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Zev J Gartner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94158, United States; UC Berkeley-UCSF Group in Bioengineering, 1700 Fourth Street, Room 216, San Francisco, California 94158, United States; Chemistry and Chemical Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, Room 522, San Francisco, California 94158, United States.
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103
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Sorrentino G, Ruggeri N, Zannini A, Ingallina E, Bertolio R, Marotta C, Neri C, Cappuzzello E, Forcato M, Rosato A, Mano M, Bicciato S, Del Sal G. Glucocorticoid receptor signalling activates YAP in breast cancer. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14073. [PMID: 28102225 PMCID: PMC5253666 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is an oncosuppressor signalling cascade that plays a major role in the control of cell growth, tissue homoeostasis and organ size. Dysregulation of the Hippo pathway leads to aberrant activation of the transcription co-activator YAP (Yes-associated protein) that contributes to tumorigenesis in several tissues. Here we identify glucocorticoids (GCs) as hormonal activators of YAP. Stimulation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) leads to increase of YAP protein levels, nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we find that GCs increase expression and deposition of fibronectin leading to the focal adhesion-Src pathway stimulation, cytoskeleton-dependent YAP activation and expansion of chemoresistant cancer stem cells. GR activation correlates with YAP activity in human breast cancer and predicts bad prognosis in the basal-like subtype. Our results unveil a novel mechanism of YAP activation in cancer and open the possibility to target GR to prevent cancer stem cells self-renewal and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Sorrentino
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Naomi Ruggeri
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zannini
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Eleonora Ingallina
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Rebecca Bertolio
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Carolina Marotta
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Carmelo Neri
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Elisa Cappuzzello
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova 35124, Italy
| | - Mattia Forcato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova 35124, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Miguel Mano
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3060-197, Portugal
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Giannino Del Sal
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
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104
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Ferreira BI, Lie MK, Engelsen AST, Machado S, Link W, Lorens JB. Adaptive mechanisms of resistance to anti-neoplastic agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:53-66. [PMID: 30108690 PMCID: PMC6072477 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00394j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsic and acquired resistance to conventional and targeted therapeutics is a fundamental reason for treatment failure in many cancer patients. Targeted approaches to overcome chemoresistance as well as resistance to targeted approaches require in depth understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. The anti-cancer activity of a drug can be limited by a broad variety of molecular events at different levels of drug action in a cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous manner. This review summarizes recent insights into the adaptive mechanisms used by tumours to resist therapy including cellular phenotypic plasticity, dynamic alterations of the tumour microenvironment, activation of redundant signal transduction pathways, modulation of drug target expression levels, and exploitation of pro-survival responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana I Ferreira
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR) , University of Algarve , Campus of Gambelas, Building 8, room 2.22 , 8005-139 Faro , Portugal
- Regenerative Medicine Program , Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine , University of Algarve , Campus de Gambelas , 8005-139 Faro , Portugal .
| | - Maria K Lie
- Department of Biomedicine , Centre for Cancer Biomarkers , University of Bergen , Jonas Lies Vei 91 , 5009 Bergen , Norway
- Department of Pathology , Haukeland University Hospital , Jonas Lies vei 65 , 5021 Bergen , Norway
| | - Agnete S T Engelsen
- Department of Biomedicine , Centre for Cancer Biomarkers , University of Bergen , Jonas Lies Vei 91 , 5009 Bergen , Norway
| | - Susana Machado
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR) , University of Algarve , Campus of Gambelas, Building 8, room 2.22 , 8005-139 Faro , Portugal
- Regenerative Medicine Program , Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine , University of Algarve , Campus de Gambelas , 8005-139 Faro , Portugal .
| | - Wolfgang Link
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR) , University of Algarve , Campus of Gambelas, Building 8, room 2.22 , 8005-139 Faro , Portugal
- Regenerative Medicine Program , Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine , University of Algarve , Campus de Gambelas , 8005-139 Faro , Portugal .
| | - James B Lorens
- Department of Biomedicine , Centre for Cancer Biomarkers , University of Bergen , Jonas Lies Vei 91 , 5009 Bergen , Norway
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105
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Gilbert PM, Weaver VM. Cellular adaptation to biomechanical stress across length scales in tissue homeostasis and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 67:141-152. [PMID: 27641825 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human tissues are remarkably adaptable and robust, harboring the collective ability to detect and respond to external stresses while maintaining tissue integrity. Following injury, many tissues have the capacity to repair the damage - and restore form and function - by deploying cellular and molecular mechanisms reminiscent of developmental programs. Indeed, it is increasingly clear that cancer and chronic conditions that develop with age arise as a result of cells and tissues re-implementing and deregulating a selection of developmental programs. Therefore, understanding the fundamental molecular mechanisms that drive cell and tissue responses is a necessity when designing therapies to treat human conditions. Extracellular matrix stiffness synergizes with chemical cues to drive single cell and collective cell behavior in culture and acts to establish and maintain tissue homeostasis in the body. This review will highlight recent advances that elucidate the impact of matrix mechanics on cell behavior and fate across these length scales during times of homeostasis and in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penney M Gilbert
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Anatomy and Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA; UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
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106
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Feng J, Gou J, Jia J, Yi T, Cui T, Li Z. Verteporfin, a suppressor of YAP-TEAD complex, presents promising antitumor properties on ovarian cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:5371-81. [PMID: 27621651 PMCID: PMC5010158 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s109979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a key transcriptional coactivator of Hippo pathway and has been shown to be an oncoprotein in ovarian cancer (OC). Verteporfin (VP), clinically used in photodynamic therapy for neovascular macular degeneration, has been recently proven to be a suppressor of YAP–TEAD complex and has shown potential in anticancer treatment. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential effect of VP in the treatment of OC. Our results showed that VP led to inhibition of proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner and to the suppression of migratory and invasive capacities of OC cells. Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that VP induced YAP cytoplasmic retention and deregulated inducible YAP and CCNs in OC cells. In vivo, VP exerted a significant effect on tumor growth in OVCAR8 xenograft mice, resulting in tumor nodules with lower average weight and reduced volume of gross ascites. In addition, VP treatment remarkably upregulated cytoplasmic YAP and phosphorylation YAP and downregulated CCN1 and CCN2, but exerted little effect on YAP-upstream components in Hippo pathway. In conclusion, our results suggested that VP may be a promising agent for OC, acting by suppressing YAP–TEAD complex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jia Jia
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics
| | - Tao Yi
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Cui
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics
| | - Zhengyu Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics; Sichuan Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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107
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Zanconato F, Cordenonsi M, Piccolo S. YAP/TAZ at the Roots of Cancer. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:783-803. [PMID: 27300434 PMCID: PMC6186419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1287] [Impact Index Per Article: 160.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
YAP and TAZ are highly related transcriptional regulators pervasively activated in human malignancies. Recent work indicates that, remarkably, YAP/TAZ are essential for cancer initiation or growth of most solid tumors. Their activation induces cancer stem cell attributes, proliferation, chemoresistance, and metastasis. YAP/TAZ are sensors of the structural and mechanical features of the cell microenvironment. A number of cancer-associated extrinsic and intrinsic cues conspire to overrule the YAP-inhibiting microenvironment of normal tissues, including changes in mechanotransduction, inflammation, oncogenic signaling, and regulation of the Hippo pathway. Addiction to YAP/TAZ thus potentially represents a central cancer vulnerability that may be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Zanconato
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, 35126 Padua, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Cordenonsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, 35126 Padua, Italy.
| | - Stefano Piccolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, 35126 Padua, Italy.
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108
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YAP/TAZ as therapeutic targets in cancer. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2016; 29:26-33. [PMID: 27262779 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The biology and regulation of YAP and TAZ, two closely related transcriptional regulators, are receiving increasing attention owing to their fundamental roles in organ growth, tissue repair and cancer. In particular, the widespread activation of YAP/TAZ in carcinomas, and the crucial role of YAP/TAZ activation for many 'hallmarks' of cancer are indicating YAP/TAZ as prime targets for designing anti-cancer drugs. Here, we start from the known modalities to regulate YAP/TAZ to highlight possible routes of therapeutic intervention.
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109
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Biochemical and biomechanical drivers of cancer cell metastasis, drug response and nanomedicine. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1489-1494. [PMID: 27238384 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis, drug resistance and recurrence in cancer are regulated by the tumor microenvironment. This review describes recent advances in understanding how cancer cells respond to extracellular environmental cues via integrins, how to build engineered microenvironments to study these interactions in vitro and how nanomaterials can be used to detect and target tumor microenvironments.
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110
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Vennin C, Herrmann D, Lucas MC, Timpson P. Intravital imaging reveals new ancillary mechanisms co-opted by cancer cells to drive tumor progression. F1000Res 2016; 5. [PMID: 27239290 PMCID: PMC4870995 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.8090.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravital imaging is providing new insights into the dynamics of tumor progression in native tissues and has started to reveal the layers of complexity found in cancer. Recent advances in intravital imaging have allowed us to look deeper into cancer behavior and to dissect the interactions between tumor cells and the ancillary host niche that promote cancer development. In this review, we provide an insight into the latest advances in cancer biology achieved by intravital imaging, focusing on recently discovered mechanisms by which tumor cells manipulate normal tissue to facilitate disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Vennin
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Herrmann
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Morghan C Lucas
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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111
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Zanconato F, Piccolo S. Eradicating tumor drug resistance at its YAP-biomechanical roots. EMBO J 2015; 35:459-61. [PMID: 26711176 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201593584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with BRAF kinase inhibitors leads to rapid resistance and tumor regression in BRAF V600E mutant melanoma patients. However, the underlying mechanism of the developed tumor resistance is not fully clear. In this issue of The EMBO Journal, Kim and colleagues show that melanoma cells acquire resistance to BRAF inhibitors by changing cell shape, modifying their cytoskeleton and, in turn, activating the YAP/TAZ mechanotransduction pathway (Kim et al, 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Zanconato
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Piccolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
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112
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Dupont S. Role of YAP/TAZ in cell-matrix adhesion-mediated signalling and mechanotransduction. Exp Cell Res 2015; 343:42-53. [PMID: 26524510 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Signalling from the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a fundamental cellular input that sustains proliferation, opposes cell death and regulates differentiation. Through integrins, cells perceive both the chemical composition and physical properties of the ECM. In particular, cell behaviour is profoundly influenced by the mechanical elasticity or stiffness of the ECM, which regulates the ability of cells to develop forces through their contractile actomyosin cytoskeleton and to mature focal adhesions. This mechanosensing ability affects fundamental cellular functions, such that alterations of ECM stiffness is nowadays considered not a simple consequence of pathology, but a causative input driving aberrant cell behaviours. We here discuss recent advances on how mechanical signals intersect nuclear transcription and in particular the activity of YAP/TAZ transcriptional coactivators, known downstream transducers of the Hippo pathway and important effectors of ECM mechanical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirio Dupont
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua Medical School, via Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy.
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