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Mena-Barragán T, Narita A, Matias D, Tiscornia G, Nanba E, Ohno K, Suzuki Y, Higaki K, Garcia Fernández JM, Ortiz Mellet C. pH-Responsive Pharmacological Chaperones for Rescuing Mutant Glycosidases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:11696-700. [PMID: 26386364 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A general approach is reported for the design of small-molecule competitive inhibitors of lysosomal glycosidases programmed to 1) promote correct folding of mutant enzymes at the endoplasmic reticulum, 2) facilitate trafficking, and 3) undergo dissociation and self-inactivation at the lysosome. The strategy is based on the incorporation of an orthoester segment into iminosugar conjugates to switch the nature of the aglycone moiety from hydrophobic to hydrophilic in the pH 7 to pH 5 window, which has a dramatic effect on the enzyme binding affinity. As a proof of concept, new highly pH-responsive glycomimetics targeting human glucocerebrosidase or α-galactosidase with strong potential as pharmacological chaperones for Gaucher or Fabry disease, respectively, were developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Mena-Barragán
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sevilla c/Profesor García González 1, 41011 Sevilla (Spain)
| | - Aya Narita
- Division of Child Neurology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504 (Japan)
| | - Dino Matias
- Center for Biomedical Research, Depertamento de Ciencias, Biomedicas y Medicina/Programa de Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad do Algarve (Portugal)
| | - Gustavo Tiscornia
- Center for Biomedical Research, Depertamento de Ciencias, Biomedicas y Medicina/Programa de Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad do Algarve (Portugal)
| | - Eiji Nanba
- Division of Functional Genomics, Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503 (Japan)
| | | | - Yoshiyuki Suzuki
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 204-8588 (Japan)
| | - Katsumi Higaki
- Division of Functional Genomics, Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503 (Japan).
| | - José Manuel Garcia Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla (Spain).
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sevilla c/Profesor García González 1, 41011 Sevilla (Spain).
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102
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Mena-Barragán T, Narita A, Matias D, Tiscornia G, Nanba E, Ohno K, Suzuki Y, Higaki K, Garcia Fernández JM, Ortiz Mellet C. pH-Responsive Pharmacological Chaperones for Rescuing Mutant Glycosidases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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103
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Awad O, Sarkar C, Panicker LM, Miller D, Zeng X, Sgambato JA, Lipinski MM, Feldman RA. Altered TFEB-mediated lysosomal biogenesis in Gaucher disease iPSC-derived neuronal cells. Hum Mol Genet 2015. [PMID: 26220978 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is caused by mutations in the GBA1 gene, which encodes the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase). The severe forms of GD are associated with neurodegeneration with either rapid (Type 2) or slow progression (Type 3). Although the neurodegenerative process in GD has been linked to lysosomal dysfunction, the mechanisms involved are largely unknown. To identify the lysosomal alterations in GD neurons and uncover the mechanisms involved, we used induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from patients with GD. In GD iPSC-derived neuronal cells (iPSC-NCs), GBA1 mutations caused widespread lysosomal depletion, and a block in autophagic flux due to defective lysosomal clearance of autophagosomes. Autophagy induction by rapamycin treatment in GD iPSC-NCs led to cell death. Further analysis showed that in GD iPSC-NCs, expression of the transcription factor EB (TFEB), the master regulator of lysosomal genes, and lysosomal gene expression, were significantly downregulated. There was also reduced stability of the TFEB protein and altered lysosomal protein biosynthesis. Treatment of mutant iPSC-NCs with recombinant GCase (rGCase) reverted the lysosomal depletion and autophagy block. The effect of rGCase on restoring lysosomal numbers in mutant cells was enhanced in the presence of overexpressed TFEB, but TFEB overexpression alone did not reverse the lysosomal depletion phenotype. Our results suggest that GBA1 mutations interfere with TFEB-mediated lysosomal biogenesis, and that the action of GCase in maintaining a functioning pool of lysosomes is exerted in part through TFEB. The lysosomal alterations described here are likely to be a major determinant in GBA1-associated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Awad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
| | | | | | | | - Xianmin Zeng
- Buck Institute for Age Research, Novato, CA, USA
| | | | - Marta M Lipinski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA and
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104
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Kim J, Sidransky E, Lopez G. Understanding and managing parkinsonism in patients with glucocerebrosidase mutations. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2015. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2015.1034271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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105
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Vairo F, Sperb-Ludwig F, Wilke M, Michellin-Tirelli K, Netto C, Neto EC, Schwartz I. Osteopontin: a potential biomarker of Gaucher disease. Ann Hematol 2015; 94:1119-25. [PMID: 25875742 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-015-2354-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is one of the most prevalent lysosomal storage disorders and the disorder that has the greatest immune system involvement. Pathologic lipid accumulation in macrophages accounts for a small amount of the additional tissue mass in the liver and spleen. The additional increase may be related to an inflammatory response because Gaucher cells secrete inflammatory mediators. Osteopontin (OPN) is a protein identified in cancer cells and in bone cells that is produced by several types of immune cells including T-cells and macrophages. We report here elevated OPN levels in the plasma of type 1 GD patients and its sensitive response to enzyme replacement therapy. The mean OPN value of GD patients receiving ERT was similar to the values of controls and patients with other lysosomal disorders. When comparing untreated and treated GD patients, the p value was <0.001. In GD, OPN appears to be more sensitive to ERT than chitotriosidase and can be used during the follow-up of patients who are chitotriosidase deficient. Additional extended studies are required to relate variations in the OPN levels to clinical findings and response to therapy in GD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Vairo
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil,
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106
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Li Y, Li P, Liang H, Zhao Z, Hashimoto M, Wei J. Gaucher-Associated Parkinsonism. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 35:755-61. [PMID: 25820783 PMCID: PMC4502293 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gaucher disease is associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD) by mutations in glucocerebrosidase (GCase). The gene encoding GCase, glucosidase beta acid (GBA), is an important risk factor for PD. Findings from large studies have shown that patients with PD have an increased frequency of mutations in GBA and that GBA mutation carriers exhibit diverse parkinsonian phenotypes and Lewy body pathology. Although the mechanism for this association remains elusive, some hypotheses have been proposed to explain it, including gain of function caused by GBA mutations, which increases α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation, loss of function due to lysosomal enzyme deficiency, which affects α-syn clearance, and even a bidirectional feedback loop, but each of these hypotheses has its limitations. It is also worth noting that many findings have implicated the interaction between α-syn and GCase, indicating the essential role of the interaction in the pathogenesis of GBA-associated parkinsonism. Therefore, the current review focuses on α-syn and GCase, and it provides some new thoughts that may be helpful for understanding the α-syn-GCase interaction and unraveling the exact mechanism underlying GBA-associated parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Li
- Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
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107
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Elstein D, Alcalay R, Zimran A. The emergence of Parkinson disease among patients with Gaucher disease. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 29:249-59. [PMID: 25987177 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, several lines of evidence have been presented that document the clinical manifestations, genetic associations, and sub-cellular mechanisms of the inter-relatedness of β-glucocerebrosidase mutations and the emergence of Parkinson disease among carriers and patients with Gaucher disease. This review is an attempt to apprise the reader of the recent literature with the caveat that this is an area of intensive exploration that is constantly being updated because of the immediate clinical ramifications but also because of the impact on our understanding of Parkinson disease, and finally because of the unexpected inter-reactions between these entities on the molecular level. It has been an unexpected happenstance that it has been discovered that a rare monogenetic disease has an interface at many points with a neurological disorder of the elderly that has both familial and sporadic forms: to date there is no cure for either of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Elstein
- Gaucher Clinic, Shaare Zedek Medical Center Affiliated with the Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem Israel.
| | - Roy Alcalay
- Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Ari Zimran
- Gaucher Clinic, Shaare Zedek Medical Center Affiliated with the Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem Israel.
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108
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Rocha EM, Smith GA, Park E, Cao H, Brown E, Hallett P, Isacson O. Progressive decline of glucocerebrosidase in aging and Parkinson's disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2015; 2:433-8. [PMID: 25909088 PMCID: PMC4402088 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The principal risk factor for developing most adult onset neurodegenerative diseases is aging, with incidence rising significantly after age 50. Despite research efforts, the causes of Parkinson's disease (PD) remain unknown. As neurons age, they show signs of diminished lysosomal and mitochondrial function, including increased oxidative stress and accumulation of misfolded proteins, and these changes become exacerbated PD. We show that activity of the lysosomal hydrolase glucocerebrosidase gradually diminishes with age in the substantia nigra and putamen of healthy controls. This reduction is comparable to glucocerebrosidase activity in GBA1-mutation carrier PD patients. These data, demonstrate for the first time that an age-dependent reduction in glucocerebrosidase activity may lower the threshold for developing PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Rocha
- Neuroregeneration Laboratories, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital Belmont, Massachusetts, 02478
| | - Gaynor A Smith
- Neuroregeneration Laboratories, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital Belmont, Massachusetts, 02478
| | - Eric Park
- Shire 300 Shire Way, Lexington, Massachusetts, 02421
| | - Hongmei Cao
- Shire 300 Shire Way, Lexington, Massachusetts, 02421
| | - Eilish Brown
- Shire 300 Shire Way, Lexington, Massachusetts, 02421
| | - Penelope Hallett
- Neuroregeneration Laboratories, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital Belmont, Massachusetts, 02478
| | - Ole Isacson
- Neuroregeneration Laboratories, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital Belmont, Massachusetts, 02478
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109
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Gan-Or Z, Dion PA, Rouleau GA. Genetic perspective on the role of the autophagy-lysosome pathway in Parkinson disease. Autophagy 2015; 11:1443-57. [PMID: 26207393 PMCID: PMC4590678 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1067364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD), once considered as a prototype of a sporadic disease, is now known to be considerably affected by various genetic factors, which interact with environmental factors and the normal process of aging, leading to PD. Large studies determined that the hereditary component of PD is at least 27%, and in some populations, single genetic factors are responsible for more than 33% of PD patients. Interestingly, many of these genetic factors, such as LRRK2, GBA, SMPD1, SNCA, PARK2, PINK1, PARK7, SCARB2, and others, are involved in the autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP). Some of these genes encode lysosomal enzymes, whereas others correspond to proteins that are involved in transport to the lysosome, mitophagy, or other autophagic-related functions. Is it possible that all these factors converge into a single pathway that causes PD? In this review, we will discuss these genetic findings and the role of the ALP in the pathogenesis of PD and will try to answer this question. We will suggest a novel hypothesis for the pathogenic mechanism of PD that involves the lysosome and the different autophagy pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziv Gan-Or
- The Department of Human Genetics; McGill University; Montreal, QC Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute; McGill University; Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Patrick A Dion
- The Department of Human Genetics; McGill University; Montreal, QC Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute; McGill University; Montreal, QC Canada
- The Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery; McGill University; Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- The Department of Human Genetics; McGill University; Montreal, QC Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute; McGill University; Montreal, QC Canada
- The Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery; McGill University; Montreal, QC Canada
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110
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Fishbein I, Kuo YM, Giasson BI, Nussbaum RL. Augmentation of phenotype in a transgenic Parkinson mouse heterozygous for a Gaucher mutation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 137:3235-47. [PMID: 25351739 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of the protein α-synuclein (SNCA) in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease is strongly supported by the facts that (i) missense and copy number mutations in the SNCA gene can cause inherited Parkinson's disease; and (ii) Lewy bodies in sporadic Parkinson's disease are largely composed of aggregated SNCA. Unaffected heterozygous carriers of Gaucher disease mutations have an increased risk for Parkinson's disease. As mutations in the GBA gene encoding glucocerebrosidase (GBA) are known to interfere with lysosomal protein degradation, GBA heterozygotes may demonstrate reduced lysosomal SNCA degradation, leading to increased steady-state SNCA levels and promoting its aggregation. We have created mouse models to investigate the interaction between GBA mutations and synucleinopathies. We investigated the rate of SNCA degradation in cultured primary cortical neurons from mice expressing wild-type mouse SNCA, wild-type human SNCA, or mutant A53T SNCA, in a background of either wild-type Gba or heterozygosity for the L444P GBA mutation associated with Gaucher disease. We also tested the effect of this Gaucher mutation on motor and enteric nervous system function in these transgenic animals. We found that human SNCA is stable, with a half-life of 61 h, and that the A53T mutation did not significantly affect its half-life. Heterozygosity for a naturally occurring Gaucher mutation, L444P, reduced GBA activity by 40%, reduced SNCA degradation and triggered accumulation of the protein in culture. This mutation also resulted in the exacerbation of motor and gastrointestinal deficits found in the A53T mouse model of Parkinson's disease. This study demonstrates that heterozygosity for a Gaucher disease-associated mutation in Gba interferes with SNCA degradation and contributes to its accumulation, and exacerbates the phenotype in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ianai Fishbein
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yien-Ming Kuo
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Benoit I Giasson
- 2 Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Robert L Nussbaum
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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111
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Deng H, Xiu X, Jankovic J. Genetic convergence of Parkinson's disease and lysosomal storage disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:1554-68. [PMID: 25099932 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8832-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a common progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by predominant degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the presence of intracellular inclusions enriched in α-synuclein, resulting in a variety motor and nonmotor symptoms. Lysosomal storage disorders are a group of disorders including Gaucher disease, Niemann-Pick disease, and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses caused by the defective activity of lysosomal and nonlysosomal proteins. In addition to an overlap in some clinical features between lysosomal storage disorders and Parkinson's disease, the two disorders may be also linked pathogenically. There is growing support for the notion that mutations in genes causing lysosomal storage disorders including the glucocerebrosidase gene, the sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 gene, and the NPC1 gene may increase risk for developing Parkinson's disease. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in the genetic convergence of Parkinson's disease and lysosomal storage disorders, shedding new light on the understanding of shared pathogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Deng
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China,
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112
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McNeill A. Is elevated beta‐hexosaminidase activity a potential biomarker for Parkinson's disease? Mov Disord 2014; 29:1328-9. [PMID: 25130999 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alisdair McNeill
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service, Birmingham Women≈s Hospital, B15 2TG United Kingdom
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113
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Kim J, Lopez G, Sidransky E. Studies of glucocerebrosidase provide new therapeutic targets for parkinsonism. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl.14.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Kim
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 1A213, 35 Convent Drive, MSC 3708, Bethesda, MD 20892-3708, USA
| | - Grisel Lopez
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 1A213, 35 Convent Drive, MSC 3708, Bethesda, MD 20892-3708, USA
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 1A213, 35 Convent Drive, MSC 3708, Bethesda, MD 20892-3708, USA
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114
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