101
|
Know thyself: Exploring interoceptive sensitivity in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci 2016; 364:110-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
102
|
Bailey J, Taylor K. Non-human Primates in Neuroscience Research: The Case against its Scientific Necessity. Altern Lab Anim 2016; 44:43-69. [DOI: 10.1177/026119291604400101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Public opposition to non-human primate (NHP) experiments is significant, yet those who defend them cite minimal harm to NHPs and substantial human benefit. Here we review these claims of benefit, specifically in neuroscience, and show that: a) there is a default assumption of their human relevance and benefit, rather than robust evidence; b) their human relevance and essential contribution and necessity are wholly overstated; c) the contribution and capacity of non-animal investigative methods are greatly understated; and d) confounding issues, such as species differences and the effects of stress and anaesthesia, are usually overlooked. This is the case in NHP research generally, but here we specifically focus on the development and interpretation of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), deep brain stimulation (DBS), the understanding of neural oscillations and memory, and investigation of the neural control of movement and of vision/binocular rivalry. The increasing power of human-specific methods, including advances in fMRI and invasive techniques such as electrocorticography and single-unit recordings, is discussed. These methods serve to render NHP approaches redundant. We conclude that the defence of NHP use is groundless, and that neuroscience would be more relevant and successful for humans, if it were conducted with a direct human focus. We have confidence in opposing NHP neuroscience, both on scientific as well as on ethical grounds.
Collapse
|
103
|
Zhu Y, Xu K, Xu C, Zhang J, Ji J, Zheng X, Zhang H, Tian M. PET Mapping for Brain-Computer Interface Stimulation of the Ventroposterior Medial Nucleus of the Thalamus in Rats with Implanted Electrodes. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:1141-5. [PMID: 26917709 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.171868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology has great potential for improving the quality of life for neurologic patients. This study aimed to use PET mapping for BCI-based stimulation in a rat model with electrodes implanted in the ventroposterior medial (VPM) nucleus of the thalamus. METHODS PET imaging studies were conducted before and after stimulation of the right VPM. RESULTS Stimulation induced significant orienting performance. (18)F-FDG uptake increased significantly in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus, septohippocampal nucleus, olfactory bulb, left crus II of the ansiform lobule of the cerebellum, and bilaterally in the lateral septum, amygdala, piriform cortex, endopiriform nucleus, and insular cortex, but it decreased in the right secondary visual cortex, right simple lobule of the cerebellum, and bilaterally in the somatosensory cortex. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that PET mapping after VPM stimulation can identify specific brain regions associated with orienting performance. PET molecular imaging may be an important approach for BCI-based research and its clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China Zhejiang University Medical PET Center, Hangzhou, China Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Kedi Xu
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies (QAAS), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caiyun Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China Zhejiang University Medical PET Center, Hangzhou, China Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Jiacheng Zhang
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies (QAAS), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Ji
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China Zhejiang University Medical PET Center, Hangzhou, China Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Xiaoxiang Zheng
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies (QAAS), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China Zhejiang University Medical PET Center, Hangzhou, China Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Mei Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China Zhejiang University Medical PET Center, Hangzhou, China Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Jiang MF, Shi F, Niu GM, Xie SH, Yu SY. A novel method for evaluating brain function and microstructural changes in Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res 2016; 10:2025-32. [PMID: 26889194 PMCID: PMC4730830 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.172322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, microstructural brain damage in Parkinson's disease patients was examined using diffusion tensor imaging and tract-based spatial statistics. The analyses revealed the presence of neuronal damage in the substantia nigra and putamen in the Parkinson's disease patients. Moreover, disease symptoms worsened with increasing damage to the substantia nigra, confirming that the substantia nigra and basal ganglia are the main structures affected in Parkinson's disease. We also found that microstructural damage to the putamen, caudate nucleus and frontal lobe positively correlated with depression. Based on the tract-based spatial statistics, various white matter tracts appeared to have microstructural damage, and this correlated with cognitive disorder and depression. Taken together, our results suggest that diffusion tensor imaging and tract-based spatial statistics can be used to effectively study brain function and microstructural changes in patients with Parkinson's disease. Our novel findings should contribute to our understanding of the histopathological basis of cognitive dysfunction and depression in Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fang Jiang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Radiology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Guang-Ming Niu
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Sheng-Hui Xie
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Sheng-Yuan Yu
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Poston KL, YorkWilliams S, Zhang K, Cai W, Everling D, Tayim FM, Llanes S, Menon V. Compensatory neural mechanisms in cognitively unimpaired Parkinson disease. Ann Neurol 2016; 79:448-63. [PMID: 26696272 PMCID: PMC4789131 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective Cognitive impairments in Parkinson disease (PD) are thought to be caused in part by dopamine dysregulation. However, even when nigrostriatal dopamine neuron loss is severe enough to cause motor symptoms, many patients remain cognitively unimpaired. It is unclear what brain mechanisms allow these patients to remain cognitively unimpaired despite substantial dopamine dysregulation. Methods Thirty‐one cognitively unimpaired PD participants off dopaminergic medications were scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging while they performed a working memory task, along with 23 controls. We first compared the PD off medication (PD_OFF) group with controls to determine whether PD participants engage compensatory frontostriatal mechanisms during working memory. We then studied the same PD participants on dopaminergic medications to determine whether these compensatory brain changes are altered with dopamine. Results Controls and PD showed working memory load‐dependent activation in the bilateral putamen, anterior–dorsal insula, supplementary motor area, and anterior cingulate cortex. Compared to controls, PD_OFF showed compensatory hyperactivation of bilateral putamen and posterior insula, and machine learning algorithms identified robust differences in putamen activation patterns. Compared to PD_OFF, the PD on medication group showed reduced compensatory activation in the putamen. Loss of compensatory hyperactivation on dopaminergic medication correlated with slower performance on the working memory task and slower cognitive speed on the Symbol Digit Modality Test. Interpretation Our results provide novel evidence that PD patients maintain normal cognitive performance through compensatory hyperactivation of the putamen. Dopaminergic medication downregulates this hyperactivation, and the degree of downregulation predicts behavior. Identifying cognitive compensatory mechanisms in PD is important for understanding how some patients maintain intact cognitive performance despite nigrostriatal dopamine loss. ANN NEUROL 2016;79:448–463
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen L Poston
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA
| | - Sophie YorkWilliams
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA
| | - Weidong Cai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA
| | - David Everling
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA
| | - Fadi M Tayim
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA.,Wright State University, Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Dayton, OH
| | - Seoni Llanes
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA
| | - Vinod Menon
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cognitive impairment is common in Parkinson's disease (PD). Three neurocognitive networks support efficient cognition: the salience network, the default mode network, and the central executive network. The salience network is thought to switch between activating and deactivating the default mode and central executive networks. Anti-correlated interactions between the salience and default mode networks in particular are necessary for efficient cognition. Our previous work demonstrated altered functional coupling between the neurocognitive networks in non-demented individuals with PD compared to age-matched control participants. Here, we aim to identify associations between cognition and functional coupling between these neurocognitive networks in the same group of participants. METHODS We investigated the extent to which intrinsic functional coupling among these neurocognitive networks is related to cognitive performance across three neuropsychological domains: executive functioning, psychomotor speed, and verbal memory. Twenty-four non-demented individuals with mild to moderate PD and 20 control participants were scanned at rest and evaluated on three neuropsychological domains. RESULTS PD participants were impaired on tests from all three domains compared to control participants. Our imaging results demonstrated that successful cognition across healthy aging and Parkinson's disease participants was related to anti-correlated coupling between the salience and default mode networks. Individuals with poorer performance scores across groups demonstrated more positive salience network/default-mode network coupling. CONCLUSIONS Successful cognition relies on healthy coupling between the salience and default mode networks, which may become dysfunctional in PD. These results can help inform non-pharmacological interventions (repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation) targeting these specific networks before they become vulnerable in early stages of Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
|
107
|
Criaud M, Christopher L, Boulinguez P, Ballanger B, Lang AE, Cho SS, Houle S, Strafella AP. Contribution of insula in Parkinson's disease: A quantitative meta-analysis study. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:1375-92. [PMID: 26800238 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The insula region is known to be an integrating hub interacting with multiple brain networks involved in cognitive, affective, sensory, and autonomic processes. There is growing evidence suggesting that this region may have an important role in Parkinson's disease (PD). Thus, to investigate the functional organization of the insular cortex and its potential role in parkinsonian features, we used a coordinate-based quantitative meta-analysis approach, the activation likelihood estimation. A total of 132 insular foci were selected from 96 published experiments comprising the five functional categories: cognition, affective/behavioral symptoms, bodily awareness/autonomic function, sensorimotor function, and nonspecific resting functional changes associated with the disease. We found a significant convergence of activation maxima related to PD in different insular regions including anterior and posterior regions bilaterally. This study provides evidence of an important functional distribution of different domains within the insular cortex in PD, particularly in relation to nonmotor aspects, with an influence of medication effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Criaud
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit & E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour - Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,Centre De Neuroscience Cognitive, CNRS, UMR5229, Bron, France.,Université De Lyon, Lyon, F-69622, France
| | - Leigh Christopher
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit & E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour - Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philippe Boulinguez
- Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,Centre De Neuroscience Cognitive, CNRS, UMR5229, Bron, France.,Université De Lyon, Lyon, F-69622, France
| | - Benedicte Ballanger
- Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,Centre De Neuroscience Cognitive, CNRS, UMR5229, Bron, France.,Université De Lyon, Lyon, F-69622, France
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit & E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sang S Cho
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit & E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour - Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antonio P Strafella
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit & E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour - Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Diederich NJ, Goldman JG, Stebbins GT, Goetz CG. Failing as doorman and disc jockey at the same time: Amygdalar dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2015; 31:11-22. [PMID: 26650182 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In Braak's model of ascending degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD), involvement of the amygdala occurs simultaneously with substantia nigra degeneration. However, the clinical manifestations of amygdalar involvement in PD have not been fully delineated. Considered a multitask manager, the amygdala is a densely connected "hub," coordinating and integrating tasks ranging from prompt, multisensorial emotion recognition to adequate emotional responses and emotional tuning of memories. Although phylogenetically predisposed to handle fear, the amygdala handles both aversive and positive emotional inputs. In PD, neuropathological and in vivo studies suggest primarily amygdalar hypofunction. However, as dopamine acts as an inverted U-shaped amygdalar modulator, medication-induced hyperactivity of the amygdala can occur. We propose that amygdalar (network) dysfunction contributes to reduced recognition of negative emotional face expressions, impaired theory of mind, reactive hypomimia, and impaired decision making. Similarly, impulse control disorders in predisposed individuals, hallucinations, anxiety, and panic attacks may be related to amygdalar dysfunction. When available, we discuss amygdala-independent trigger mechanisms of these symptoms. Although dopaminergic agents have mostly an activation effect on amygdalar function, adaptive and compensatory network changes may occur as well, but these have not been sufficiently explored. In conclusion, our model of amygdalar involvement brings together several elements of Parkinson's disease phenomenology heretofore left unexplained and provides a framework for testable hypotheses in patients during life and in autopsy analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nico J Diederich
- Department of Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg-City, Luxembourg.,Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Campus Esch-Belval, Esch-s.-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jennifer G Goldman
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Glenn T Stebbins
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Christopher G Goetz
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Bailey J. Reply on Monkey-based Research on Human Disease: The Implications of Genetic Differences. Altern Lab Anim 2015; 43:206-7. [PMID: 26359522 DOI: 10.1177/026119291504300310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
110
|
Griffanti L, Rolinski M, Szewczyk-Krolikowski K, Menke RA, Filippini N, Zamboni G, Jenkinson M, Hu MTM, Mackay CE. Challenges in the reproducibility of clinical studies with resting state fMRI: An example in early Parkinson's disease. Neuroimage 2015; 124:704-713. [PMID: 26386348 PMCID: PMC4655939 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting state fMRI (rfMRI) is gaining in popularity, being easy to acquire and with promising clinical applications. However, rfMRI studies, especially those involving clinical groups, still lack reproducibility, largely due to the different analysis settings. This is particularly important for the development of imaging biomarkers. The aim of this work was to evaluate the reproducibility of our recent study regarding the functional connectivity of the basal ganglia network in early Parkinson's disease (PD) (Szewczyk-Krolikowski et al., 2014). In particular, we systematically analysed the influence of two rfMRI analysis steps on the results: the individual cleaning (artefact removal) of fMRI data and the choice of the set of independent components (template) used for dual regression. Our experience suggests that the use of a cleaning approach based on single-subject independent component analysis, which removes non neural-related sources of inter-individual variability, can help to increase the reproducibility of clinical findings. A template generated using an independent set of healthy controls is recommended for studies where the aim is to detect differences from a “healthy” brain, rather than an “average” template, derived from an equal number of patients and controls. While, exploratory analyses (e.g. testing multiple resting state networks) should be used to formulate new hypotheses, careful validation is necessary before promising findings can be translated into useful biomarkers. Reproducibility of clinical findings is crucial for imaging biomarker development. We addressed the impact on reproducibility of different analysis settings in rfMRI. ICA-based cleaning of rfMRI data increases reproducibility. The effect of the template choice for dual regression is evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Griffanti
- Centre for the functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michal Rolinski
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (OPDC), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Konrad Szewczyk-Krolikowski
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (OPDC), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ricarda A Menke
- Centre for the functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicola Filippini
- Centre for the functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Giovanna Zamboni
- Centre for the functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark Jenkinson
- Centre for the functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michele T M Hu
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (OPDC), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Clare E Mackay
- Centre for the functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (OPDC), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Chou YH, You H, Wang H, Zhao YP, Hou B, Chen NK, Feng F. Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on fMRI Resting-State Connectivity in Multiple System Atrophy. Brain Connect 2015; 5:451-9. [PMID: 25786196 PMCID: PMC4575511 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2014.0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation technique that has been used to treat neurological and psychiatric conditions. Although results of rTMS intervention are promising, so far, little is known about the rTMS effect on brain functional networks in clinical populations. In this study, we used a whole-brain connectivity analysis of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data to uncover changes in functional connectivity following rTMS intervention and their association with motor symptoms in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA). Patients were randomized to active rTMS or sham rTMS groups and completed a 10-session 5-Hz rTMS treatment over the left primary motor area. The results showed significant rTMS-related changes in motor symptoms and functional connectivity. Specifically, (1) significant improvement of motor symptoms was observed in the active rTMS group, but not in the sham rTMS group; and (2) several functional links involving the default mode, cerebellar, and limbic networks exhibited positive changes in functional connectivity in the active rTMS group. Moreover, the positive changes in functional connectivity were associated with improvement in motor symptoms for the active rTMS group. The present findings suggest that rTMS may improve motor symptoms by modulating functional links connecting to the default mode, cerebellar, and limbic networks, inferring a future therapeutic candidate for patients with MSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-hui Chou
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Hui You
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Ping Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Hou
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nan-kuei Chen
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Gesquière-Dando A, Guedj E, Loundou A, Carron R, Witjas T, Fluchère F, Delfini M, Mundler L, Regis J, Azulay JP, Eusebio A. A preoperative metabolic marker of parkinsonian apathy following subthalamic nucleus stimulation. Mov Disord 2015; 30:1767-76. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aude Gesquière-Dando
- APHM; CHU Timone, Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders; Aix Marseille Université; Marseille France
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone UMR 7289; Aix Marseille Université; CNRS Marseille France
| | - Eric Guedj
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone UMR 7289; Aix Marseille Université; CNRS Marseille France
- APHM; CHU Timone, Service Central de Biophysique et Médecine Nucléaire; Aix Marseille Université; Marseille France
- CERIMED; Aix-Marseille Université; Marseille France
| | - Anderson Loundou
- APHM; CHU Timone, Unité d'Aide méthodologique à la Recherche Clinique et Epidémiologique; DRRC Marseille France
| | - Romain Carron
- APHM; CHU Timone, Department of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery; Aix Marseille Université; Marseille France
| | - Tatiana Witjas
- APHM; CHU Timone, Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders; Aix Marseille Université; Marseille France
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone UMR 7289; Aix Marseille Université; CNRS Marseille France
| | - Frédérique Fluchère
- APHM; CHU Timone, Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders; Aix Marseille Université; Marseille France
| | - Marie Delfini
- APHM; CHU Timone, Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders; Aix Marseille Université; Marseille France
| | - Laura Mundler
- APHM; CHU Timone, Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders; Aix Marseille Université; Marseille France
| | - Jean Regis
- APHM; CHU Timone, Department of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery; Aix Marseille Université; Marseille France
| | - Jean-Philippe Azulay
- APHM; CHU Timone, Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders; Aix Marseille Université; Marseille France
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone UMR 7289; Aix Marseille Université; CNRS Marseille France
| | - Alexandre Eusebio
- APHM; CHU Timone, Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders; Aix Marseille Université; Marseille France
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone UMR 7289; Aix Marseille Université; CNRS Marseille France
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Abstract
The network approach is increasingly being applied to the investigation of normal brain function and its impairment. In the present review, we introduce the main methodological approaches employed for the analysis of resting‐state neuroimaging data in Parkinson's disease studies. We then summarize the results of recent studies that used a functional network perspective to evaluate the changes underlying different manifestations of Parkinson's disease, with an emphasis on its cognitive symptoms. Despite the variability reported by many studies, these methods show promise as tools for shedding light on the pathophysiological substrates of different aspects of Parkinson's disease, as well as for differential diagnosis, treatment monitoring and establishment of imaging biomarkers for more severe clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo C Baggio
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologia Clínica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Bàrbara Segura
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologia Clínica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carme Junque
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologia Clínica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Deng X, Xiao B, Li HH, Lo YL, Chew LM, Prakash KM, Tan EK. Sexual dysfunction is associated with postural instability gait difficulty subtype of Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 2015. [PMID: 26210749 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-015-7855-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of the postural instability gait difficulty (PIGD) subtype of Parkinson's disease (PD) is unclear. Information on the spectrum of non-motor symptoms (NMS) in PIGD phenotype is limited. Our objective is to compare the spectrum of NMS in PIGD subtype compared to non-PIGD subgroup in PD patients and to determine predictive factors that are associated with PIGD phenotype. A total of 432 PD patients comprising 158 PIGD and 274 non-PIGD patients were recruited. NMS burden (frequency and severity) was assessed using non-motor symptom scale (NMSS). In the univariable analysis, NMSS total score (P = 0.0132), NMSS domain 3 (mood/apathy) score (P = 0.0108), NMSS domain 5 (attention/memory) score (P = 0.0048) and NMSS domain 8 (sexual function) score (P = 0.0052) were significantly higher in the PIGD group than in the non-PIGD group. Using multivariable logistic regression, UPDRS tremor score, UPDRS PIGD score, H&Y staging score and NMSS domain 8 (sexual function) score were found to be significantly different in the PIGD group compared to the non-PIGD group. We disclosed for the first time that PIGD patients demonstrated a greater overall NMS burden and sexual dysfunction and was an independent predictor of PIGD phenotype. Early intervention of sexual dysfunction symptoms in PIGD patients may improve their clinical management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Deng
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, 169608, Singapore.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Bin Xiao
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, 169608, Singapore.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Hui-Hua Li
- Department of Clinical Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
| | - Yew-Long Lo
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, 169608, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Lai-Mun Chew
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
| | - Kumar M Prakash
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, 169608, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, 169608, Singapore. .,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Madhyastha TM, Askren MK, Zhang J, Leverenz JB, Montine TJ, Grabowski TJ. Group comparison of spatiotemporal dynamics of intrinsic networks in Parkinson's disease. Brain 2015; 138:2672-86. [PMID: 26173859 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances with functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging have demonstrated that at rest the brain exhibits coherent activity within a number of spatially independent maps, normally called 'intrinsic' or 'resting state' networks. These networks support cognition and behaviour, and are altered in neurodegenerative disease. However, there is a longstanding perspective, and ample functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence, demonstrating that intrinsic networks may be fractionated and that cortical elements may participate in multiple intrinsic networks at different times, dynamically changing alliances to adapt to cognitive demands. A method to probe the fine-grained spatiotemporal structure of networks may be more sensitive to subtle network changes that accompany heterogeneous cognitive deficits caused by a neurodegenerative disease such as Parkinson's disease. Here we tested the hypothesis that alterations to the latent (hidden) structure of intrinsic networks may reveal the impact of underlying pathophysiologic processes as assessed with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. Using a novel modelling approach that we call 'network kernel analysis', we compared fine-grained network ensembles (network kernels) that include overlapping cortical elements in 24 patients with Parkinson's disease (ages 45-86, 17 male) and normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment (n = 13), and 21 cognitively normal control subjects (ages 41-76, nine male). An omnibus measure of network disruption, calculated from correlations among network kernels, was correlated with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of pathophysiological processes in Parkinson's disease: concentrations of α-synuclein and amyloid-β42. Correlations among network kernels more accurately classified Parkinson's disease from controls than other functional neuroimaging measures. Inspection of the spatial maps related to the default mode network and a frontoparietal task control network kernel showed that the right insula, an area implicated in network shifting and associated with cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease, was more highly correlated with both these networks in Parkinson's disease than in controls. In Parkinson's disease, increased correlation of the insula with the default mode network was related to lower attentional accuracy. We demonstrated that in an omnibus sense, correlations among network kernels describe biological impact of pathophysiological processes (through correlation with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers) and clinical status (by classification of patient group). At a greater level of detail, we demonstrate aberrant involvement of the insula in the default mode network and the frontal frontoparietal task control network kernel. Network kernel analysis holds promise as a sensitive method for detecting biologically and clinical relevant changes to specific networks that support cognition and are impaired in Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tara M Madhyastha
- 1 Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mary K Askren
- 1 Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- 2 Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James B Leverenz
- 3 Lou Ruvo Centre for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Thomas J Montine
- 2 Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas J Grabowski
- 1 Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 4 Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Blanc F, Colloby SJ, Philippi N, de Pétigny X, Jung B, Demuynck C, Phillipps C, Anthony P, Thomas A, Bing F, Lamy J, Martin-Hunyadi C, O'Brien JT, Cretin B, McKeith I, Armspach JP, Taylor JP. Cortical Thickness in Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Alzheimer's Disease: A Comparison of Prodromal and Dementia Stages. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127396. [PMID: 26061655 PMCID: PMC4489516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess and compare cortical thickness (CTh) of patients with prodromal Dementia with Lewy bodies (pro-DLB), prodromal Alzheimer's disease (pro-AD), DLB dementia (DLB-d), AD dementia (AD-d) and normal ageing. Methods Study participants(28 pro-DLB, 27 pro-AD, 31 DLB-d, 54 AD-d and 33 elderly controls) underwent 3Tesla T1 3D MRI and detailed clinical and cognitive assessments. We used FreeSurfer analysis package to measure CTh and investigate patterns of cortical thinning across groups. Results Comparison of CTh between pro-DLB and pro-AD (p<0.05, FDR corrected) showed more right anterior insula thinning in pro-DLB, and more bilateral parietal lobe and left parahippocampal gyri thinning in pro-AD. Comparison of prodromal patients to healthy elderly controls showed the involvement of the same regions. In DLB-d (p<0.05, FDR corrected) cortical thinning was found predominantly in the right temporo-parietal junction, and insula, cingulate, orbitofrontal and lateral occipital cortices. In AD-d(p<0.05, FDR corrected),the most significant areas affected included the entorhinal cortices, parahippocampal gyri and parietal lobes. The comparison of AD-d and DLB-d demonstrated more CTh in AD-d in the left entorhinal cortex (p<0.05, FDR corrected). Conclusion Cortical thickness is a sensitive measure for characterising patterns of grey matter atrophy in early stages of DLB distinct from AD. Right anterior insula involvement may be a key region at the prodromal stage of DLB and needs further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Blanc
- University Hospital of Strasbourg, Neuropsychology Unit, Neurology Service, Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg and CNRS, ICube laboratory UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de MédecineTranslationnelle de Strasbourg), team IMIS/Neurocrypto, Strasbourg, France
- University Hospital of Strasbourg, CMRR (Memory Resources and Research Centre), Strasbourg, France
- Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Aging and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- University Hospital of Strasbourg, Hôpital de jour de gériatrie, Geriatry Service, Strasbourg, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Sean J. Colloby
- Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Aging and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie Philippi
- University Hospital of Strasbourg, Neuropsychology Unit, Neurology Service, Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg and CNRS, ICube laboratory UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de MédecineTranslationnelle de Strasbourg), team IMIS/Neurocrypto, Strasbourg, France
- University Hospital of Strasbourg, CMRR (Memory Resources and Research Centre), Strasbourg, France
| | - Xavier de Pétigny
- University Hospital of Strasbourg, CMRR (Memory Resources and Research Centre), Strasbourg, France
- University Hospital of Strasbourg, Hôpital de jour de gériatrie, Geriatry Service, Strasbourg, France
| | - Barbara Jung
- University Hospital of Strasbourg, Neuropsychology Unit, Neurology Service, Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg and CNRS, ICube laboratory UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de MédecineTranslationnelle de Strasbourg), team IMIS/Neurocrypto, Strasbourg, France
- University Hospital of Strasbourg, CMRR (Memory Resources and Research Centre), Strasbourg, France
- University Hospital of Strasbourg, Hôpital de jour de gériatrie, Geriatry Service, Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Demuynck
- University Hospital of Strasbourg, Neuropsychology Unit, Neurology Service, Strasbourg, France
- University Hospital of Strasbourg, CMRR (Memory Resources and Research Centre), Strasbourg, France
- University Hospital of Strasbourg, Hôpital de jour de gériatrie, Geriatry Service, Strasbourg, France
| | - Clélie Phillipps
- University Hospital of Strasbourg, Neuropsychology Unit, Neurology Service, Strasbourg, France
- University Hospital of Strasbourg, CMRR (Memory Resources and Research Centre), Strasbourg, France
- University Hospital of Strasbourg, Hôpital de jour de gériatrie, Geriatry Service, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Anthony
- University Hospital of Strasbourg, Neuropsychology Unit, Neurology Service, Strasbourg, France
- University Hospital of Strasbourg, CMRR (Memory Resources and Research Centre), Strasbourg, France
| | - Alan Thomas
- Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Aging and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Fabrice Bing
- University Hospital of Strasbourg, Neuroradiology Service, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julien Lamy
- University of Strasbourg and CNRS, ICube laboratory UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de MédecineTranslationnelle de Strasbourg), team IMIS/Neurocrypto, Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Martin-Hunyadi
- University Hospital of Strasbourg, CMRR (Memory Resources and Research Centre), Strasbourg, France
- University Hospital of Strasbourg, Hôpital de jour de gériatrie, Geriatry Service, Strasbourg, France
| | - John T. O'Brien
- Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Aging and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Cretin
- University Hospital of Strasbourg, Neuropsychology Unit, Neurology Service, Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg and CNRS, ICube laboratory UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de MédecineTranslationnelle de Strasbourg), team IMIS/Neurocrypto, Strasbourg, France
- University Hospital of Strasbourg, CMRR (Memory Resources and Research Centre), Strasbourg, France
| | - Ian McKeith
- Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Aging and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Paul Armspach
- University of Strasbourg and CNRS, ICube laboratory UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de MédecineTranslationnelle de Strasbourg), team IMIS/Neurocrypto, Strasbourg, France
| | - John-Paul Taylor
- Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Aging and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Knight EJ, Testini P, Min HK, Gibson WS, Gorny KR, Favazza CP, Felmlee JP, Kim I, Welker KM, Clayton DA, Klassen BT, Chang SY, Lee KH. Motor and Nonmotor Circuitry Activation Induced by Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Patients With Parkinson Disease: Intraoperative Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Deep Brain Stimulation. Mayo Clin Proc 2015; 90:773-85. [PMID: 26046412 PMCID: PMC4469128 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis suggested by previous studies that subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) in patients with Parkinson disease would affect the activity of motor and nonmotor networks, we applied intraoperative functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to patients receiving DBS. PATIENTS AND METHODS Ten patients receiving STN DBS for Parkinson disease underwent intraoperative 1.5-T fMRI during high-frequency stimulation delivered via an external pulse generator. The study was conducted between January 1, 2013, and September 30, 2014. RESULTS We observed blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal changes (false discovery rate <0.001) in the motor circuitry (including the primary motor, premotor, and supplementary motor cortices; thalamus; pedunculopontine nucleus; and cerebellum) and in the limbic circuitry (including the cingulate and insular cortices). Activation of the motor network was observed also after applying a Bonferroni correction (P<.001) to the data set, suggesting that across patients, BOLD changes in the motor circuitry are more consistent compared with those occurring in the nonmotor network. CONCLUSION These findings support the modulatory role of STN DBS on the activity of motor and nonmotor networks and suggest complex mechanisms as the basis of the efficacy of this treatment modality. Furthermore, these results suggest that across patients, BOLD changes in the motor circuitry are more consistent than those in the nonmotor network. With further studies combining the use of real-time intraoperative fMRI with clinical outcomes in patients treated with DBS, functional imaging techniques have the potential not only to elucidate the mechanisms of DBS functioning but also to guide and assist in the surgical treatment of patients affected by movement and neuropsychiatric disorders. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01809613.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Knight
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Paola Testini
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Hoon-Ki Min
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | | | | | - Inyong Kim
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | | | - Su-youne Chang
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
| | - Kendall H Lee
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Chao YX, Chew LM, Deng X, Tan EK. Nonmotor symptoms in sporadic versus familial forms of Parkinson's disease. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2015; 5:147-53. [DOI: 10.2217/nmt.14.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Besides the classical motor symptoms, Parkinson's disease (PD) patients experience a wide range of nonmotor symptoms (NMS) throughout the disease course. However, due to the lack of recognition and understanding of the pathogenesis, NMS symptoms may be overlooked. Familial PD is a well-defined group that can provide a good model to investigate the mechanisms for both motor and NMS in PD. Some studies suggest that the frequency of NMS is not different between genetic and sporadic form of PD while others suggest that specific domains (such as neuropsychiatric symptoms) are more common in the genetic form. Early recognition of NMS may facilitate early diagnosis and monitoring of both sporadic and genetic PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Xia Chao
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Lai Mun Chew
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Xiao Deng
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Eng-King Tan
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Costa A, Caltagirone C. Individual differences in approach-avoidance aptitude: some clues from research on Parkinson's disease. Front Syst Neurosci 2015; 9:43. [PMID: 25852500 PMCID: PMC4371695 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Approach and avoidance are two basic behavioral aptitudes of humans whose correct balance is critical for successful adaptation to the environment. As the expression of approach and avoidance tendencies may differ significantly between healthy individuals, different psychobiological factors have been posited to account for such variability. In this regard, two main issues are still open that refers to (i) the role played by dopamine neurotransmission; and (ii) the possible influence of cognitive characteristics, particularly executive functioning. The aim of the present paper was to highlight the contribution of research on Parkinson's disease (PD) to our understanding of the above issues. In particular, we here reviewed PD literature to clarify whether neurobiological and neuropsychological modifications due to PD are associated to changes in approach-avoidance related personality features. Available data indicate that PD patients may show and approach-avoidance imbalance as documented by lower novelty-seeking and higher harm-avoidance behaviors, possibly suggesting a relationship with neurobiological and neurocognitive PD-related changes. However, the literature that directly investigated this issue is still sparse and much more work is needed to better clarify it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Costa
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy ; Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Rome University Tor Vergata Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Tolerance of the VocaLog™ Vocal Monitor by Healthy Persons and Individuals With Parkinson Disease. J Voice 2015; 29:518.e13-20. [PMID: 25726068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess subject tolerance of extended use of the VocaLog™ vocal monitor (VM), a device marketed to log calibrated decibel sound pressure level. STUDY DESIGN Prospective between-subjects design including two age- and sex-matched groups: individuals with Parkinson disease (IWPD) and healthy persons. METHODS After an initial session to calibrate the device and demonstrate its use, participants wore the VM during waking hours for five consecutive days. At a second visit to return the VM, participants completed a survey and a short interview regarding their experience with and perceptions of the device. RESULTS Those with PD and control subjects reported relatively few issues with use of the VM. There were no group differences regarding convenience, others' reactions, technical issues, or future participation in similar studies. Participants with PD indicated similar frequency of discomfort issues but higher severity ratings for discomfort during VM use compared with healthy participants. CONCLUSIONS The VocaLog™ offers a method to monitor vocal loudness during everyday activities for several consecutive days. The device was well tolerated by participants from both groups. IWPD reported greater discomfort than controls, possibly reflecting altered sensory perceptions associated with PD. The current data offer some reassurance that this VM can be tolerated by both healthy persons and those with PD for clinical and research purposes.
Collapse
|
121
|
Putcha D, Ross RS, Cronin-Golomb A, Janes AC, Stern CE. Altered intrinsic functional coupling between core neurocognitive networks in Parkinson's disease. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2015; 7:449-55. [PMID: 25685711 PMCID: PMC4320252 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is largely attributed to disruptions in the nigrostriatal dopamine system. These neurodegenerative changes may also have a more global effect on intrinsic brain organization at the cortical level. Functional brain connectivity between neurocognitive systems related to cognitive processing is critical for effective neural communication, and is disrupted across neurological disorders. Three core neurocognitive networks have been established as playing a critical role in the pathophysiology of many neurological disorders: the default-mode network (DMN), the salience network (SN), and the central executive network (CEN). In healthy adults, DMN–CEN interactions are anti-correlated while SN–CEN interactions are strongly positively correlated even at rest, when individuals are not engaging in any task. These intrinsic between-network interactions at rest are necessary for efficient suppression of the DMN and activation of the CEN during a range of cognitive tasks. To identify whether these network interactions are disrupted in individuals with PD, we used resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) to compare between-network connectivity between 24 PD participants and 20 age-matched controls (MC). In comparison to the MC, individuals with PD showed significantly less SN–CEN coupling and greater DMN–CEN coupling during rest. Disease severity, an index of striatal dysfunction, was related to reduced functional coupling between the striatum and SN. These results demonstrate that individuals with PD have a dysfunctional pattern of interaction between core neurocognitive networks compared to what is found in healthy individuals, and that interaction between the SN and the striatum is even more profoundly disrupted in those with greater disease severity. Functional coupling is altered between the default-mode network and the salience and central executive networks in PD. Functional coupling between the striatum and the salience network diminishes as disease severity increases in PD. These disruptions to intrinsic functional coupling provide a framework for PD disease progression at the cortical level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Putcha
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA ; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Robert S Ross
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA ; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA ; Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Alice Cronin-Golomb
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amy C Janes
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Chantal E Stern
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA ; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Altered Brain Activation in Early Drug-Naive Parkinson's Disease during Heat Pain Stimuli: An fMRI Study. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2015; 2015:273019. [PMID: 25628915 PMCID: PMC4299805 DOI: 10.1155/2015/273019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor and nonmotor signs and symptoms. To date, many studies of PD have focused on its cardinal motor symptoms. To study the nonmotor signs of early PD, we investigated the reactions solicited by heat pain stimuli in early untreated PD patients without pain using fMRI. The activation patterns of contact heat stimuli (51°C) were assessed in 14 patients and 17 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Patients with PD showed significant decreases in activation of the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and insula compared with controls. In addition, a significant relationship between activation of the insula and STG and the pain scores was observed in healthy controls but not in PD. This study provided further support that the insula and STG are important parts of the somatosensory circuitry recruited during the period of pain. The hypoactivity of the STG and insula in PD implied that functions including affective, cognitive, and sensory-discriminative processes, which are associated with the insula and STG, were disturbed. This finding supports the view that leaving early PD untreated could be tied directly to central nervous system dysfunction.
Collapse
|
123
|
Youn J, Lee JM, Kwon H, Kim JS, Son TO, Cho JW. Alterations of mean diffusivity of pedunculopontine nucleus pathway in Parkinson's disease patients with freezing of gait. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2015; 21:12-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
124
|
Liscovitch N, French L. Differential Co-Expression between α-Synuclein and IFN-γ Signaling Genes across Development and in Parkinson's Disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115029. [PMID: 25493648 PMCID: PMC4262449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression patterns of the alpha-synuclein gene (SNCA) were studied across anatomy, development, and disease to better characterize its role in the brain. In this postmortem study, negative spatial co-expression between SNCA and 73 interferon-γ (IFN-γ) signaling genes was observed across many brain regions. Recent animal studies have demonstrated that IFN-γ induces loss of dopamine neurons and nigrostriatal degeneration. This opposing pattern between SNCA and IFN-γ signaling genes increases with age (rho = −0.78). In contrast, a meta-analysis of four microarray experiments representing 126 substantia nigra samples reveals a switch to positive co-expression in Parkinson’s disease (p<0.005). Use of genome-wide testing demonstrates this relationship is specific to SNCA (p<0.002). This change in co-expression suggests an immunomodulatory role of SNCA that may provide insight into neurodegeneration. Genes showing similar co-expression patterns have been previously linked to Alzheimer’s (ANK1) and Parkinson’s disease (UBE2E2, PCMT1, HPRT1 and RIT2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noa Liscovitch
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Leon French
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Baggio HC, Segura B, Sala-Llonch R, Marti MJ, Valldeoriola F, Compta Y, Tolosa E, Junqué C. Cognitive impairment and resting-state network connectivity in Parkinson's disease. Hum Brain Mapp 2014; 36:199-212. [PMID: 25164875 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to evaluate changes in the connectivity patterns of a set of cognitively relevant, dynamically interrelated brain networks in association with cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD) using resting-state functional MRI. Sixty-five nondemented PD patients and 36 matched healthy controls were included. Thirty-four percent of PD patients were classified as having mild cognitive impairment (MCI) based on performance in attention/executive, visuospatial/visuoperceptual (VS/VP) and memory functions. A data-driven approach using independent component analysis (ICA) was used to identify the default-mode network (DMN), the dorsal attention network (DAN) and the bilateral frontoparietal networks (FPN), which were compared between groups using a dual-regression approach controlling for gray matter atrophy. Additional seed-based analyses using a priori defined regions of interest were used to characterize local changes in intranetwork and internetwork connectivity. Structural group comparisons through voxel-based morphometry and cortical thickness were additionally performed to assess associated gray matter atrophy. ICA results revealed reduced connectivity between the DAN and right frontoinsular regions in MCI patients, associated with worse performance in attention/executive functions. The DMN displayed increased connectivity with medial and lateral occipito-parietal regions in MCI patients, associated with worse VS/VP performance, and with occipital reductions in cortical thickness. In line with data-driven results, seed-based analyses mainly revealed reduced within-DAN, within-DMN and DAN-FPN connectivity, as well as loss of normal DAN-DMN anticorrelation in MCI patients. Our findings demonstrate differential connectivity changes affecting the networks evaluated, which we hypothesize to be related to the pathophysiological bases of different types of cognitive impairment in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo-Cesar Baggio
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologia Clínica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|