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Khan MA, Chen HC, Zhang D, Fu J. Twist: a molecular target in cancer therapeutics. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:2497-506. [PMID: 23873099 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Twist, the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, is involved in the process of epithelial to mesenchymal transitions (EMTs), which play an essential role in cancer metastasis. Overexpression of Twist or its promoter methylation is a common scenario in metastatic carcinomas. Twist is activated by a variety of signal transduction pathways, including Akt, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, mitogen-activated protein kinase, Ras, and Wnt signaling. Activated Twist upregulates N-cadherin and downregulates E-cadherin, which are the hallmarks of EMT. Moreover, Twist plays an important role in some physiological processes involved in metastasis, like angiogenesis, invadopodia, extravasation, and chromosomal instability. Twist also protects cancer cells from apoptotic cell death. In addition, Twist is responsible for the stemness of cancer cells and the generation of drug resistance. Recently, targeting Twist has gained significant interests in cancer therapeutics. The inactivation of Twist by small RNA technology or chemotherapeutic approach has been proved successful. Moreover, several inhibitors which are antagonistic to the upstream or downstream molecules of Twist signaling pathways have also been identified. Development of potential treatment strategies by targeting Twist has a great promise in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Asaduzzaman Khan
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Luzhou Medical College, 3-319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
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Brown seaweed fucoidan: biological activity and apoptosis, growth signaling mechanism in cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 60:366-74. [PMID: 23817097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Seaweeds, being abundant sources of bioactive components have much interest in recent times. The complex polysaccharides from the brown, red and green seaweeds possess broad spectrum therapeutic properties. The sulfated polysaccharides are routinely used in biomedical research and have known biological activities. Fucoidan, a fucose-rich polysaccharide extracted from brown seaweed has various biological functions including anticancer effects. Cellular damage induces growth arrest and tumor suppression by inducing apoptosis, the mechanism of cell death depends on the magnitude of DNA damage following exposure to anticancer agents. Apoptosis is mainly regulated by cell growth signaling molecules. Number of research studies evidenced that fucoidan shown to induce cytotoxicity of various cancer cells, induces apoptosis, and inhibits invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis of cancer cells. There are few articles discussing on fucoidan biological activity but no specific review on cancer and its signaling mechanism. Hence, this review discusses the brown seaweed fucoidan structure and some biological function and role in apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and growth signal mechanism on cancer.
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103
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Zhang X, Li Y, Zhang Y, Song J, Wang Q, Zheng L, Liu D. Beta-elemene blocks epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 through Smad3-mediated down-regulation of nuclear transcription factors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58719. [PMID: 23516540 PMCID: PMC3597725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the first step required for breast cancer to initiate metastasis. However, the potential of drugs to block and reverse the EMT process are not well explored. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of beta-elemene (ELE), an active component of a natural plant-derived anti-neoplastic agent in an established EMT model mediated by transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1). We found that ELE (40 µg/ml ) blocked the TGF-β1-induced phenotypic transition in the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. ELE was able to inhibit TGF-β1-mediated upregulation of mRNA and protein expression of nuclear transcription factors (SNAI1, SNAI2, TWIST and SIP1), potentially through decreasing the expression and phosphorylation of Smad3, a central protein mediating the TGF-β1 signalling pathway. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic benefit of ELE in treating basal-like breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Research Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yinghua Li
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jincheng Song
- Graduate Institute of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qimin Wang
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Luping Zheng
- Research Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Graduate Institute of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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104
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Liao CH, Lai IC, Kuo HC, Chuang SE, Lee HL, Whang-Peng J, Yao CJ, Lai GM. [Breath test using C-13-trioleate in the evaluation of the rate of fatty acid metabolism after parenteral feeding of premature and newborn infants]. Mar Drugs 1989; 17:md17090525. [PMID: 31500384 PMCID: PMC6780514 DOI: 10.3390/md17090525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioma (MG) is a poor prognostic brain tumor with inevitable recurrence after multimodality treatment. Searching for more effective treatment is urgently needed. Differentiation induction via epigenetic modification has been proposed as a potential anticancer strategy. Natural products are known as fruitful sources of epigenetic modifiers with wide safety margins. We thus explored the effects of oligo-fucoidan (OF) from brown seaweed on this notion in MG cells including Grade III U87MG cells and Grade IV glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)8401 cells and compared to the immortalized astrocyte SVGp12 cells. The results showed that OF markedly suppress the proliferation of MG cells and only slightly affected that of SVGp12 cells. OF inhibited the protein expressions of DNA methyltransferases 1, 3A and 3B (DNMT1, 3A and 3B) accompanied with obvious mRNA induction of differentiation markers (MBP, OLIG2, S100β, GFAP, NeuN and MAP2) both in U87MG and GBM8401 cells. Accordingly, the methylation of p21, a DNMT3B target gene, was decreased by OF. In combination with the clinical DNMT inhibitor decitabine, OF could synergize the growth inhibition and MBP induction in U87MG cells. Appropriated clinical trials are warranted to evaluate this potential complementary approach for MG therapy after confirmation of the effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Huang Liao
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - I-Chun Lai
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Kuo
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Shuang-En Chuang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Lun Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jacqueline Whang-Peng
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Yao
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Gi-Ming Lai
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan.
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan.
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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