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Wilson RD. Supplémentation préconceptionnelle en acide folique / multivitamines pour la prévention primaire et secondaire des anomalies du tube neural et d'autres anomalies congénitales sensibles à l'acide folique. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2017; 38:S646-S664. [PMID: 28063572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2016.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIF Offrir des renseignements à jour sur l'utilisation pré et postconceptionnelle d'acide folique par voie orale, avec ou sans supplément de multivitamines / micronutriments, aux fins de la prévention des anomalies du tube neural et d'autres anomalies congénitales. Ces renseignements aideront les médecins, les sages-femmes, les infirmières et les autres professionnels de la santé à contribuer aux efforts de sensibilisation des femmes quant à l'utilisation et aux posologies adéquates de la supplémentation en acide folique / multivitamines, avant et pendant la grossesse. RéSULTATS: La littérature publiée a été récupérée par l'intermédiaire de recherches menées dans PubMed, Medline, CINAHL et la Cochrane Library en janvier 2011 au moyen d'un vocabulaire contrôlé et de mots clés appropriés (p. ex. « folic acid », « prenatal multivitamins », « folate sensitive birth defects », « congenital anomaly risk reduction », « pre-conception counselling »). Les résultats ont été restreints aux analyses systématiques, aux études observationnelles et aux essais comparatifs randomisés / essais cliniques comparatifs publiés en anglais entre 1985 et juin 2014. Les recherches ont été mises à jour de façon régulière et intégrées à la directive clinique jusqu'en juin 2014. La littérature grise (non publiée) a été identifiée par l'intermédiaire de recherches menées dans les sites Web d'organismes s'intéressant à l'évaluation des technologies dans le domaine de la santé et d'organismes connexes, dans des collections de directives cliniques, dans des registres d'essais cliniques, et auprès de sociétés de spécialité médicale nationales et internationales. COûTS, RISQUES ET AVANTAGES: Les coûts financiers sont ceux de la supplémentation quotidienne en vitamines et de la consommation d'un régime alimentaire santé enrichi en folate. Les risques sont ceux qui sont liés à une association signalée entre la supplémentation alimentaire en acide folique et des modifications épigénétiques fœtales / la probabilité accrue d'obtenir une grossesse gémellaire. Ces associations pourraient devoir être prises en considération avant la mise en œuvre d'une supplémentation en acide folique. La supplémentation en acide folique par voie orale (ou l'apport alimentaire en folate combiné à un supplément de multivitamines / micronutriments) a pour avantage de mener à une baisse connexe du taux d'anomalies du tube neural et peut-être même des taux d'autres complications obstétricales et anomalies congénitales particulières. VALEURS La qualité des résultats est évaluée au moyen des critères décrits par le Groupe d'étude canadien sur les soins de santé préventifs (Tableau 1). DéCLARATION SOMMAIRE: RECOMMANDATIONS.
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Genetic analysis of rare coding mutations of CELSR1-3 in congenital heart and neural tube defects in Chinese people. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:2329-2340. [PMID: 27756857 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway is critical for proper embryonic development of the neural tube and heart. Mutations in these genes have previously been implicated in the pathogenesis of neural tube defects (NTDs), but not in congenital heart defects (CHDs) in humans. We systematically identified the mutation patterns of CELSR1-3, one family of the core PCP genes, in human cohorts composed of 352 individuals with NTDs, 412 with CHDs and matched controls. A total of 72 disease-specific, rare, novel, coding mutations were identified, of which 37 were identified in patients with CHDs and 36 in patients with NTDs. Most of these mutations differed between the two cohorts, because only one novel missense mutation in CELSR1 (c.2609G>A p.P870L) was identified in both NTD and CHD patients. Both in vivo and in vitro assays revealed that CELSR1 P870L is a gain-of-function mutation. It up-regulates not only the PCP pathway, but also canonical WNT signalling in cells, and also induces both NTDs and CHDs in zebrafish embryos. As almost equal numbers of mutations were identified in each cohort, our results provided the first evidence that mutations in CELSR genes are as likely to be associated with CHDs as with NTDs, although the specific mutations differ between the two cohorts. Such differences in mutation panels suggested that CELSRs [cadherin, EGF (epidermal growth factor), LAG (laminin A G-type repeat), seven-pass receptors)] might be regulated differently during the development of these two organ systems.
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Methylome analysis for spina bifida shows SOX18 hypomethylation as a risk factor with evidence for a complex (epi)genetic interplay to affect neural tube development. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:108. [PMID: 27757173 PMCID: PMC5064967 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0272-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neural tube defects (NTDs) are severe congenital malformations that arise from failure of neurulation during early embryonic development. The molecular basis underlying most human NTDs still remains largely unknown. Based on the hypothesis that folic acid prevents NTDs by stimulating methylation reactions, DNA methylation changes could play a role in NTDs. We performed a methylome analysis for patients with myelomeningocele (MMC). Using a candidate CpG analysis for HOX genes, a significant association between HOXB7 hypomethylation and MMC was found. Methods In the current study, we analyzed leukocyte methylome data of ten patients with MMC and six controls using Illumina Methylation Analyzer and WateRmelon R-packages and performed validation studies using larger MMC and control cohorts with Sequenom EpiTYPER. Results The methylome analysis showed 75 CpGs in 45 genes that are significantly differentially methylated in MMC patients. CpG-specific methylation differences were next replicated for the top six candidate genes ABAT, CNTNAP1, SLC1A6, SNED1, SOX18, and TEPP but only for the SOX18 locus a significant overall hypomethylation was observed (P value = 0.0003). Chemically induced DNA demethylation in HEK cells resulted in SOX18 hypomethylation and increased expression. Injection of sox18 mRNA in zebrafish resulted in abnormal neural tube formation. Quantification of DNA methylation for the SOX18 locus was also determined for five families where parents had normal methylation values compared to significant lower values for both the MMC as their non-affected child. SOX18 methylation studies were performed for a MMC patient with a paternally inherited chromosomal deletion that includes BMP4. The patient showed extreme SOX18 hypomethylation similar to his healthy mother while his father had normal methylation values. Conclusions This is the first genome-wide methylation study in leukocytes for patients with NTDs. We report SOX18 as a novel MMC risk gene but our findings also suggest that SOX18 hypomethylation must interplay with environmental and (epi)genetic factors to cause NTDs. Further studies are needed that combine methylome data with next-generation sequencing approaches to unravel NTD etiology. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-016-0272-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Prasoona KR, Sunitha T, Srinadh B, Deepika MLN, Kumari TM, Jyothy A. Paternal transmission of MTHFD1 G1958A variant predisposes to neural tube defects in the offspring. Dev Med Child Neurol 2016; 58:625-31. [PMID: 26394717 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to evaluate the role of methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (MTHFD1) G1958A variant (rs2236225) as a 'maternal, paternal, or embryonic' genetic risk factor for neural tube defect (NTD) susceptibility. It also estimated differential associations based on type of NTD, offspring sex, maternal-paternal-offspring genotype incompatibility, and parent-of-origin effects (POE) using both case-control and family-based approach. In addition, genotype impact on serum folate levels was also assessed. METHOD The study population (n=900) consisted of 120 NTD case-parent triads (n=120×3=360) and 180 healthy control-parent triads (n=180×3=540) from South India. Umbilical cord tissues were collected from those with NTD and control newborn infants, and blood samples from case and control parents. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Statistical analysis used were SPSS, transmission disequilibrium test and POE. Serum folate levels were estimated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS In the case-control study, those with the MTHFD1 G1958A variant were associated with around twofold risk of anencephaly (p=0.01) and spina bifida (p<0.01). Among parents, fathers were associated with around twofold risk of having an offspring with anencephaly (p<0.01). Considering offspring sex, the A allele in single or double dose conferred around two- to fourfold risk of anencephaly (p=0.01), spina bifida (p<0.01), and encephalocele (p<0.05) in females only. Maternal AA genotype was not associated independently but conferred threefold risk when combined with paternal GA genotype (p=0.01). Transmission disequilibrium and POE were not observed in controls (p>0.05) but revealed excess total (odds ratio [OR]=2.21; p<0.01) and paternal transmission (OR=7.00; p<0.01) of the G1958A allele to those with spina bifida, which remained the same for female cases (total transmission OR=3.00, p=0.01; paternal transmission OR=12.00, p<0.01). Increased serum folate levels were observed in case fathers with GA and AA genotypes than control fathers (p<0.01). INTERPRETATION Our research provides the first evidence supporting a paternal, rather than a maternal, transmission bias of MTHFD1 G1958A variant for NTD susceptibility in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kattekola R Prasoona
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Tella Sunitha
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Buragadda Srinadh
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Madireddy L N Deepika
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Akka Jyothy
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Qin P, Li L, Zhang D, Liu QL, Chen XR, Yang HY, Fan YZ, Wang JX. Altered microRNA expression profiles in a rat model of spina bifida. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:502-7. [PMID: 27127493 PMCID: PMC4829019 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.179070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are dynamically regulated during neurodevelopment, yet few reports have examined their role in spina bifida. In this study, we used an established fetal rat model of spina bifida induced by intragastrically administering olive oil-containing all-trans retinoic acid to dams on day 10 of pregnancy. Dams that received intragastric administration of all-trans retinoic acid-free olive oil served as controls. The miRNA expression profile in the amniotic fluid of rats at 20 days of pregnancy was analyzed using an miRNA microarray assay. Compared with that in control fetuses, the expression of miRNA-9, miRNA-124a, and miRNA-138 was significantly decreased (> 2-fold), whereas the expression of miRNA-134 was significantly increased (> 4-fold) in the amniotic fluid of rats with fetuses modeling spina bifida. These results were validated using real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Hierarchical clustering analysis of the microarray data showed that these differentially expressed miRNAs could distinguish fetuses modeling spina bifida from control fetuses. Our bioinformatics analysis suggested that these differentially expressed miRNAs were associated with many cytological pathways, including a nervous system development signaling pathway. These findings indicate that further studies are warranted examining the role of miRNAs through their regulation of a variety of cell functional pathways in the pathogenesis of spina bifida. Such studies may provide novel targets for the early diagnosis and treatment of spina bifida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Qin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Da Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Qiu-Liang Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xin-Rang Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - He-Ying Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Ying-Zhong Fan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jia-Xiang Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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Piao W, Guo J, Bao Y, Wang F, Zhang T, Huo J, Zhang K. Analysis of polymorphisms of genes associated with folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism and neural tube defects in Chinese Han Population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 106:232-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Piao
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China; Beijing China
| | - Jin Guo
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics; Capital Institute of Pediatrics; Chaoyang District Beijing China
| | - Yihua Bao
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics; Capital Institute of Pediatrics; Chaoyang District Beijing China
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics; Capital Institute of Pediatrics; Chaoyang District Beijing China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics; Capital Institute of Pediatrics; Chaoyang District Beijing China
| | - Junsheng Huo
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China; Beijing China
| | - Kunlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
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Association between ALDH1L1 gene polymorphism and neural tube defects in the Chinese Han population. Neurol Sci 2016; 37:1049-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-016-2527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Gardner NM, Riley RT, Showker JL, Voss KA, Sachs AJ, Maddox JR, Gelineau-van Waes JB. Elevated nuclear sphingoid base-1-phosphates and decreased histone deacetylase activity after fumonisin B1 treatment in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 298:56-65. [PMID: 26905748 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin produced by a common fungal contaminant of corn. Administration of FB1 to pregnant LM/Bc mice induces exencephaly in embryos, and ingestion of FB1-contaminated food during early pregnancy is associated with increased risk for neural tube defects (NTDs) in humans. FB1 inhibits ceramide synthase enzymes in sphingolipid biosynthesis, causing sphinganine (Sa) and bioactive sphinganine-1-phosphate (Sa1P) accumulation in blood, cells, and tissues. Sphingosine kinases (Sphk) phosphorylate Sa to form Sa1P. Upon activation, Sphk1 associates primarily with the plasma membrane, while Sphk2 is found predominantly in the nucleus. In cells over-expressing Sphk2, accumulation of Sa1P in the nuclear compartment inhibits histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, causing increased acetylation of histone lysine residues. In this study, FB1 treatment in LM/Bc mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) resulted in significant accumulation of Sa1P in nuclear extracts relative to cytoplasmic extracts. Elevated nuclear Sa1P corresponded to decreased histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity and increased histone acetylation at H2BK12, H3K9, H3K18, and H3K23. Treatment of LM/Bc MEFs with a selective Sphk1 inhibitor, PF-543, or with ABC294640, a selective Sphk2 inhibitor, significantly reduced nuclear Sa1P accumulation after FB1, although Sa1P levels remained significantly increased relative to basal levels. Concurrent treatment with both PF-543 and ABC294640 prevented nuclear accumulation of Sa1P in response to FB1. Other HDAC inhibitors are known to cause NTDs, so these results suggest that FB1-induced disruption of sphingolipid metabolism leading to nuclear Sa1P accumulation, HDAC inhibition, and histone hyperacetylation is a potential mechanism for FB1-induced NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Gardner
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, United States.
| | - Ronald T Riley
- USDA-ARS, Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, Athens, GA 30605, United States
| | - Jency L Showker
- USDA-ARS, Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, Athens, GA 30605, United States
| | - Kenneth A Voss
- USDA-ARS, Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, Athens, GA 30605, United States
| | - Andrew J Sachs
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, United States
| | - Joyce R Maddox
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, United States
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Price EM, Peñaherrera MS, Portales-Casamar E, Pavlidis P, Van Allen MI, McFadden DE, Robinson WP. Profiling placental and fetal DNA methylation in human neural tube defects. Epigenetics Chromatin 2016; 9:6. [PMID: 26889207 PMCID: PMC4756451 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-016-0054-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs) declined by about 40 % in Canada with the introduction of a national folic acid (FA) fortification program. Despite the fact that few Canadians currently exhibit folate deficiency, NTDs are still the second most common congenital abnormality. FA fortification may have aided in reducing the incidence of NTDs by overcoming abnormal one carbon metabolism cycling, the process which provides one carbon units for methylation of DNA. We considered that NTDs persisting in a folate-replete population may also occur in the context of FA-independent compromised one carbon metabolism, and that this might manifest as abnormal DNA methylation (DNAm). Second trimester human placental chorionic villi, kidney, spinal cord, brain, and muscle were collected from 19 control, 22 spina bifida, and 15 anencephalic fetuses in British Columbia, Canada. DNA was extracted, assessed for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genotype and for genome-wide DNAm using repetitive elements, in addition to the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 (450k) array. Results No difference in repetitive element DNAm was noted between NTD status groups. Using a false discovery rate <0.05 and average group difference in DNAm ≥0.05, differentially methylated array sites were identified only in (1) the comparison of anencephaly to controls in chorionic villi (n = 4 sites) and (2) the comparison of spina bifida to controls in kidney (n = 3342 sites). Conclusions We suggest that the distinctive DNAm of spina bifida kidneys may be consequent to the neural tube defect or reflective of a common etiology for abnormal neural tube and renal development. Though there were some small shifts in DNAm in the other tested tissues, our data do not support the long-standing hypothesis of generalized altered genome-wide DNAm in NTDs. This finding may be related to the fact that most Canadians are not folate deficient, but it importantly opens the field to the investigation of other epigenetic and non-epigenetic mechanisms in the etiology of NTDs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13072-016-0054-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Magda Price
- Child and Family Research Institute, 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4 UK ; Dept of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, C201-4500 Oak St, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 UK ; Dept of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, C420-4500 Oak St, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 UK
| | - Maria S Peñaherrera
- Child and Family Research Institute, 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4 UK ; Dept of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, C201-4500 Oak St, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 UK
| | | | - Paul Pavlidis
- Centre for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4 UK ; Dept of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A1 UK
| | - Margot I Van Allen
- Dept of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, C201-4500 Oak St, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 UK
| | - Deborah E McFadden
- Dept of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, C201-4500 Oak St, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 UK ; Dept of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rm G227-2211, Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5 UK
| | - Wendy P Robinson
- Child and Family Research Institute, 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4 UK ; Dept of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, C201-4500 Oak St, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 UK
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AYDIN H, ARISOY R, KARAMAN A, ERDOĞDU E, ÇETİNKAYA A, GEÇKİNLİ B, ŞİMŞEK H, DEMİRCİ O. Evaluation of maternal serum folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine levels andfactor V Leiden, factor II g.20210G>A, and MTHFR variations in prenatallydiagnosed neural tube defects. Turk J Med Sci 2016; 46:489-94. [DOI: 10.3906/sag-1502-128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Ai Z, Xiang Z, Li Y, Liu G, Wang H, Zheng Y, Qiu X, Zhao S, Zhu X, Li Y, Ji W, Li T. Conversion of monkey fibroblasts to transplantable telencephalic neuroepithelial stem cells. Biomaterials 2016; 77:53-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Arciero E, Biagini SA, Chen Y, Xue Y, Luiselli D, Tyler-Smith C, Pagani L, Ayub Q. Genes Regulated by Vitamin D in Bone Cells Are Positively Selected in East Asians. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0146072. [PMID: 26719974 PMCID: PMC4697808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D and folate are activated and degraded by sunlight, respectively, and the physiological processes they control are likely to have been targets of selection as humans expanded from Africa into Eurasia. We investigated signals of positive selection in gene sets involved in the metabolism, regulation and action of these two vitamins in worldwide populations sequenced by Phase I of the 1000 Genomes Project. Comparing allele frequency-spectrum-based summary statistics between these gene sets and matched control genes, we observed a selection signal specific to East Asians for a gene set associated with vitamin D action in bones. The selection signal was mainly driven by three genes CXXC finger protein 1 (CXXC1), low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). Examination of population differentiation and haplotypes allowed us to identify several candidate causal regulatory variants in each gene. Four of these candidate variants (one each in CXXC1 and RUNX2 and two in LRP5) had a >70% derived allele frequency in East Asians, but were present at lower (20-60%) frequency in Europeans as well, suggesting that the adaptation might have been part of a common response to climatic and dietary changes as humans expanded out of Africa, with implications for their role in vitamin D-dependent bone mineralization and osteoporosis insurgence. We also observed haplotype sharing between East Asians, Finns and an extinct archaic human (Denisovan) sample at the CXXC1 locus, which is best explained by incomplete lineage sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Arciero
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Andrea Biagini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Yuan Chen
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Yali Xue
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Donata Luiselli
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chris Tyler-Smith
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Pagani
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
- Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, CB2 1QH, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Qasim Ayub
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Wilson RD, Wilson RD, Audibert F, Brock JA, Carroll J, Cartier L, Gagnon A, Johnson JA, Langlois S, Murphy-Kaulbeck L, Okun N, Pastuck M, Deb-Rinker P, Dodds L, Leon JA, Lowel HL, Luo W, MacFarlane A, McMillan R, Moore A, Mundle W, O'Connor D, Ray J, Van den Hof M. Pre-conception Folic Acid and Multivitamin Supplementation for the Primary and Secondary Prevention of Neural Tube Defects and Other Folic Acid-Sensitive Congenital Anomalies. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2015; 37:534-52. [PMID: 26334606 DOI: 10.1016/s1701-2163(15)30230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide updated information on the pre- and post-conception use of oral folic acid with or without a multivitamin/micronutrient supplement for the prevention of neural tube defects and other congenital anomalies. This will help physicians, midwives, nurses, and other health care workers to assist in the education of women about the proper use and dosage of folic acid/multivitamin supplementation before and during pregnancy. EVIDENCE Published literature was retrieved through searches of PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library in January 2011 using appropriate controlled vocabulary and key words (e.g., folic acid, prenatal multivitamins, folate sensitive birth defects, congenital anomaly risk reduction, pre-conception counselling). Results were restricted to systematic reviews, randomized control trials/controlled clinical trials, and observational studies published in English from 1985 and June 2014. Searches were updated on a regular basis and incorporated in the guideline to June 2014 Grey (unpublished) literature was identified through searching the websites of health technology assessment and health technology-related agencies, clinical practice guideline collections, clinical trial registries, and national and international medical specialty societies. Costs, risks, and benefits: The financial costs are those of daily vitamin supplementation and eating a healthy folate-enriched diet. The risks are of a reported association of dietary folic acid supplementation with fetal epigenetic modifications and with an increased likelihood of a twin pregnancy. These associations may require consideration before initiating folic acid supplementation. The benefit of folic acid oral supplementation or dietary folate intake combined with a multivitamin/micronutrient supplement is an associated decrease in neural tube defects and perhaps in other specific birth defects and obstetrical complications. VALUES The quality of evidence in the document was rated using the criteria described in the Report of the Canadian Task Force on Preventative Health Care (Table 1). Summary Statement In Canada multivitamin tablets with folic acid are usually available in 3 formats: regular over-the-counter multivitamins with 0.4 to 0.6 mg folic acid, prenatal over-the-counter multivitamins with 1.0 mg folic acid, and prescription multivitamins with 5.0 mg folic acid. (III) Recommendations 1. Women should be advised to maintain a healthy folate-rich diet; however, folic acid/multivitamin supplementation is needed to achieve the red blood cell folate levels associated with maximal protection against neural tube defect. (III-A) 2. All women in the reproductive age group (12-45 years of age) who have preserved fertility (a pregnancy is possible) should be advised about the benefits of folic acid in a multivitamin supplementation during medical wellness visits (birth control renewal, Pap testing, yearly gynaecological examination) whether or not a pregnancy is contemplated. Because so many pregnancies are unplanned, this applies to all women who may become pregnant. (III-A) 3. Folic acid supplementation is unlikely to mask vitamin B12 deficiency (pernicious anemia). Investigations (examination or laboratory) are not required prior to initiating folic acid supplementation for women with a risk for primary or recurrent neural tube or other folic acid-sensitive congenital anomalies who are considering a pregnancy. It is recommended that folic acid be taken in a multivitamin including 2.6 ug/day of vitamin B12 to mitigate even theoretical concerns. (II-2A) 4. Women at HIGH RISK, for whom a folic acid dose greater than 1 mg is indicated, taking a multivitamin tablet containing folic acid, should be advised to follow the product label and not to take more than 1 daily dose of the multivitamin supplement. Additional tablets containing only folic acid should be taken to achieve the desired dose. (II-2A) 5. Women with a LOW RISK for a neural tube defect or other folic acid-sensitive congenital anomaly and a male partner with low risk require a diet of folate-rich foods and a daily oral multivitamin supplement containing 0.4 mg folic acid for at least 2 to 3 months before conception, throughout the pregnancy, and for 4 to 6 weeks postpartum or as long as breast-feeding continues. (II-2A) 6. Women with a MODERATE RISK for a neural tube defect or other folic acid-sensitive congenital anomaly or a male partner with moderate risk require a diet of folate-rich foods and daily oral supplementation with a multivitamin containing 1.0 mg folic acid, beginning at least 3 months before conception. Women should continue this regime until 12 weeks' gestational age. (1-A) From 12 weeks' gestational age, continuing through the pregnancy, and for 4 to 6 weeks postpartum or as long as breast-feeding continues, continued daily supplementation should consist of a multivitamin with 0.4 to 1.0 mg folic acid. (II-2A) 7. Women with an increased or HIGH RISK for a neural tube defect, a male partner with a personal history of neural tube defect, or history of a previous neural tube defect pregnancy in either partner require a diet of folate-rich foods and a daily oral supplement with 4.0 mg folic acid for at least 3 months before conception and until 12 weeks' gestational age. From 12 weeks' gestational age, continuing throughout the pregnancy, and for 4 to 6 weeks postpartum or as long as breast-feeding continues, continued daily supplementation should consist of a multivitamin with 0.4 to 1.0 mg folic acid. (I-A). The same dietary and supplementation regime should be followed if either partner has had a previous pregnancy with a neural tube defect. (II-2A).
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Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Affected by Promoter Hypermethylation Induces Aberrant Gli2 Expression in Spina Bifida. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:5413-24. [PMID: 26446020 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9447-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
GLI2 is a key mediator of the sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway and plays an important role in neural tube development during vertebrate embryogenesis; however, the role of gli2 in human folate-related neural tube defects remains unclear. In this study, we compared methylation status and polymorphisms of gli2 between spina bifida patients and a control group to explore the underlying mechanisms related to folate deficiency in spina bifida. No single nucleotide polymorphism was found to be significantly different between the two groups, although gli2 methylation levels were significantly increased in spina bifida samples, accompanied by aberrant GLI2 expression. Moreover, a prominent negative correlation was found between the folate level in brain tissue and the gli2 methylation status (r = -0.41, P = 0.014), and gli2 hypermethylation increased the risk of spina bifida with an odds ratio of 12.45 (95 % confidence interval: 2.71-57.22, P = 0.001). In addition, we established a cell model to illustrate the effect of gli2 expression and the accessibility of chromatin affected by methylation. High gli2 and gli1 mRNA expression was detected in 5-Aza-treated cells, while gli2 hypermethylation resulted in chromatin inaccessibility and a reduced association with nuclear proteins containing transcriptional factors. More meaningful to the pathway, the effect gene of the Shh pathway, gli1, was found to have a reduced level of expression along with a decreased expression of gli2 in our cell model. Aberrant high methylation resulted in the low expression of gli2 in spina bifida, which was affected by the change in chromatin status and the capacity of transcription factor binding.
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Ma P, Swartz MR, Kindt LM, Kangas AM, Liang JO. Temperature Sensitivity of Neural Tube Defects in Zoep Mutants. Zebrafish 2015; 12:448-56. [PMID: 26366681 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2015.1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTD) occur when the flat neural plate epithelium fails to fold into the neural tube, the precursor to the brain and spinal cord. Squint (Sqt/Ndr1), a Nodal ligand, and One-eyed pinhead (Oep), a component of the Nodal receptor, are required for anterior neural tube closure in zebrafish. The NTD in sqt and Zoep mutants are incompletely penetrant. The penetrance of several defects in sqt mutants increases upon heat or cold shock. In this project, undergraduate students tested whether temperature influences the Zoep open neural tube phenotype. Single pairs of adults were spawned at 28.5°C, the normal temperature for zebrafish, and one half of the resulting embryos were moved to 34°C at different developmental time points. Analysis of variance indicated temperature and clutch/genetic background significantly contributed to the penetrance of the open neural tube phenotype. Heat shock affected the embryos only at or before the midblastula stage. Many factors, including temperature changes in the mother, nutrition, and genetic background, contribute to NTD in humans. Thus, sqt and Zoep mutants may serve as valuable models for studying the interactions between genetics and the environment during neurulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyo Ma
- 1 Department of Biology, University of Minnesota Duluth , Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Morgan R Swartz
- 1 Department of Biology, University of Minnesota Duluth , Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Lexy M Kindt
- 1 Department of Biology, University of Minnesota Duluth , Duluth, Minnesota.,2 Integrated Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota , Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Ashley M Kangas
- 1 Department of Biology, University of Minnesota Duluth , Duluth, Minnesota
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Wu J, Bao Y, Lu X, Wu L, Zhang T, Guo J, Yang J. Polymorphisms in MTHFD1 Gene and Susceptibility to Neural Tube Defects: A Case-Control Study in a Chinese Han Population with Relatively Low Folate Levels. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:2630-7. [PMID: 26343515 PMCID: PMC4566945 DOI: 10.12659/msm.895155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (MTHFD1) has been reported as a risk factor for neural tube defects (NTDs). In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of MTHFD1 gene are associated with NTDs in a Chinese population and to determine their mechanism of action. Material/Methods MTHFD1 gene was scanned in a total of 270 NTDs cases and 192 healthy controls by using next-generation sequencing (NGS) method. After quality control procedures, 208 selected SNP sites in MTHFD1 gene were enrolled for follow-up statistical association analyses. Functional analyses were also performed for significant SNPs through bioinformatics analysis. Folic acid levels of brain tissue in available NTDs cases and healthy controls (113 and 123, respectively) were measured. Statistical and bioinformatics analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between SNPs in MTHFD1 and susceptibility to NTDs. Results Statistical analysis showed that 2 independent SNPs, rs1956545 and rs56811449, confer the risk of NTDs (P value=0.0195, OR (odds ratio)=1.41, 95% CI (confidence interval)=1.06–1.88; P value=0.0107, OR=0.56, 95% CI=0.36–0.87). The haplotype GGGG, which consists of 4 SNPs (rs2236225, rs2236224, rs1256146, and rs6573559), is also associated with risk of NTDs (P value=0.0438, OR=0.7180, 95% CI=0.5214–0.9888). The risk allele C of rs1956545 is also associated with decreased folic acid levels in the brain (P value=0.0222, standard beta=−0.2238, 95% CI=−0.4128 – −0.0349) according to analysis in the subset of NTDs cases and healthy controls. Bioinformatics analysis indicates that rs1956545 and rs56811449 are within ENCODE regulatory regions, the open chromatin regions of blastula Trophoblast cell line, and histone-marked region of brain astrocyte cell line. Conclusions The polymorphism of SNP loci rs1956545 and rs56811449 as well as a haplotype in MTHFD1 gene could serve as an indicator for the occurrence of NTDs in Chinese population and some specific genotypes of the loci may have lower risk of developing NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Section of Physiology and Biochemistry of Exercise, The Capital Institute of Physical Education of China, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yihua Bao
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaolin Lu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Lihua Wu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Ting Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Jin Guo
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Neurology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China (mainland)
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Nasri K, Ben Fradj MK, Touati A, Aloui M, Ben Jemaa N, Masmoudi A, Elmay MV, Omar S, Feki M, Kaabechi N, Marrakchi R, Gaigi SS. Association of maternal homocysteine and vitamins status with the risk of neural tube defects in Tunisia: A case-control study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 103:1011-20. [DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaouther Nasri
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte; Université de Carthage; 7021 Zarzouna Bizerte Tunisia
- UR 06/ SP14 Troubles du développement embryo-fœtal et placentaire, Service d'embryo-fœtopathologie, Centre de Maternité et de Néonatologie La Rabta et de la Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université El Manar II; 1007 Tunis Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Kacem Ben Fradj
- UR 05/08-08, Département de biochimie, Hôpital la Rabta et de la Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université El Manar II; 1007 Tunis Tunisia
| | - Asma Touati
- Laboratoire de Biologie clinique, Institut National Mongi Ben Hmida de Neurologie; 1007 Tunis Tunisia
| | - Mariem Aloui
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte; Université de Carthage; 7021 Zarzouna Bizerte Tunisia
- UR 06/ SP14 Troubles du développement embryo-fœtal et placentaire, Service d'embryo-fœtopathologie, Centre de Maternité et de Néonatologie La Rabta et de la Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université El Manar II; 1007 Tunis Tunisia
| | - Nadia Ben Jemaa
- UR 06/ SP14 Troubles du développement embryo-fœtal et placentaire, Service d'embryo-fœtopathologie, Centre de Maternité et de Néonatologie La Rabta et de la Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université El Manar II; 1007 Tunis Tunisia
| | - Aida Masmoudi
- UR 06/ SP14 Troubles du développement embryo-fœtal et placentaire, Service d'embryo-fœtopathologie, Centre de Maternité et de Néonatologie La Rabta et de la Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université El Manar II; 1007 Tunis Tunisia
| | - Michèle Véronique Elmay
- 01/UR/08-07 Laboratoire d'histologie, embryologie et biologie cellulaire de la Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université El Manar II; 1007 Tunis Tunisia
| | - Souhail Omar
- Laboratoire de Biologie clinique, Institut National Mongi Ben Hmida de Neurologie; 1007 Tunis Tunisia
| | - Moncef Feki
- UR 05/08-08, Département de biochimie, Hôpital la Rabta et de la Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université El Manar II; 1007 Tunis Tunisia
| | - Naziha Kaabechi
- UR 05/08-08, Département de biochimie, Hôpital la Rabta et de la Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université El Manar II; 1007 Tunis Tunisia
| | - Raja Marrakchi
- Laboratoire de génétique, immunologie et pathologie humaine, faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El Manar II; 2092 Tunis Tunisia
| | - Soumeya Siala Gaigi
- UR 06/ SP14 Troubles du développement embryo-fœtal et placentaire, Service d'embryo-fœtopathologie, Centre de Maternité et de Néonatologie La Rabta et de la Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université El Manar II; 1007 Tunis Tunisia
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Neural tube defect family with recessive trait linked to chromosome 9q21.12-21.31. Childs Nerv Syst 2015; 31:1367-70. [PMID: 26005079 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-015-2753-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Meningomyelocele is one of the most common and socioeconomically, psychologically, and physically debilitating neurodevelopmental diseases. A few chromosomal locus and genes have been identified as responsible for the disease; however, clear evidence still needs to be produced. This study aimed to show evidence of a strong genetic linkage in a novel chromosomal locus in a family with this neural tube defect. METHODS We identified a neural tube defect family in eastern Turkey, where two of six offspring had operations due to thoracolumbar meningomyelocele. The parents were of a consanguineous marriage. We collected venous blood from six offspring of the family. Whole genome linkage analysis was performed in all offspring. RESULTS A theoretical maximum logarithm of an odds score of 3.16 was identified on chromosome 9q21.12-21.31. This result shows a strong genetic linkage to this locus. CONCLUSIONS Our results identified a novel chromosomal locus related to meningomyelocele and provide a base for further investigations toward the discovery of a new causative gene.
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Parchem RJ, Moore N, Fish JL, Parchem JG, Braga TT, Shenoy A, Oldham MC, Rubenstein JLR, Schneider RA, Blelloch R. miR-302 Is Required for Timing of Neural Differentiation, Neural Tube Closure, and Embryonic Viability. Cell Rep 2015. [PMID: 26212322 PMCID: PMC4741278 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved miR-302 family of microRNAs is expressed during early mammalian embryonic development. Here, we report that deletion of miR-302a-d in mice results in a fully penetrant late embryonic lethal phenotype. Knockout embryos have an anterior neural tube closure defect associated with a thickened neuroepithelium. The neuroepithelium shows increased progenitor proliferation, decreased cell death, and precocious neuronal differentiation. mRNA profiling at multiple time points during neurulation uncovers a complex pattern of changing targets over time. Overexpression of one of these targets, Fgf15, in the neuroepithelium of the chick embryo induces precocious neuronal differentiation. Compound mutants between mir-302 and the related mir-290 locus have a synthetic lethal phenotype prior to neurulation. Our results show that mir-302 helps regulate neurulation by suppressing neural progenitor expansion and precocious differentiation. Furthermore, these results uncover redundant roles for mir-290 and mir-302 early in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J Parchem
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nicole Moore
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jennifer L Fish
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jacqueline G Parchem
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tarcio T Braga
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Archana Shenoy
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michael C Oldham
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - John L R Rubenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Richard A Schneider
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Robert Blelloch
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Li X, Zhao Z. MicroRNA biomarkers for early detection of embryonic malformations in pregnancy. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR RESEARCH & THERAPEUTICS 2015; 3. [PMID: 25859419 DOI: 10.4172/2167-7956.1000119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Congenital birth defects, manifested in newborn infants, are formed during early embryogenesis. Targeted and individualized interventions to prevent birth defects require early detection of risk and signs of developmental abnormalities. Current diagnosis of structural anomalies largely relies on ultrasonography, which can only detect abnormities after their formation in fetuses. Biomolecules, mainly proteins, in maternal blood have been used as indicators of fetal anomalies; however, they lack adequate sensitivity for detecting embryonic malformations. Recently, cell-free microRNAs (miRNAs) have been found in blood and evaluated as biomarkers for diseases. Expression of certain miRNAs in maternal plasma has been shown to be correlated with birth defects in infants. Although their reliability and sensitivity remain to be validated, miRNAs, which can be amplified and sequenced, are potentially sensitive and specific biomarkers for early embryonic dysmorphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezheng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs), including spina bifida and anencephaly, are severe birth defects of the central nervous system that originate during embryonic development when the neural tube fails to close completely. Human NTDs are multifactorial, with contributions from both genetic and environmental factors. The genetic basis is not yet well understood, but several nongenetic risk factors have been identified as have possibilities for prevention by maternal folic acid supplementation. Mechanisms underlying neural tube closure and NTDs may be informed by experimental models, which have revealed numerous genes whose abnormal function causes NTDs and have provided details of critical cellular and morphological events whose regulation is essential for closure. Such models also provide an opportunity to investigate potential risk factors and to develop novel preventive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D E Greene
- Newlife Birth Defects Research Center, Institute of Child Health, University College London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom;
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Norris FC, Siow BM, Cleary JO, Wells JA, De Castro SC, Ordidge RJ, Greene ND, Copp AJ, Scambler PJ, Alexander DC, Lythgoe MF. Diffusion microscopic MRI of the mouse embryo: Protocol and practical implementation in the splotch mouse model. Magn Reson Med 2015; 73:731-9. [PMID: 24634098 PMCID: PMC4737188 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Advanced methodologies for visualizing novel tissue contrast are essential for phenotyping the ever-increasing number of mutant mouse embryos being generated. Although diffusion microscopic MRI (μMRI) has been used to phenotype embryos, widespread routine use is limited by extended scanning times, and there is no established experimental procedure ensuring optimal data acquisition. METHODS We developed two protocols for designing experimental procedures for diffusion μMRI of mouse embryos, which take into account the effect of embryo preparation and pulse sequence parameters on resulting data. We applied our protocols to an investigation of the splotch mouse model as an example implementation. RESULTS The protocols provide DTI data in 24 min per direction at 75 μm isotropic using a three-dimensional fast spin-echo sequence, enabling preliminary imaging in 3 h (6 directions plus one unweighted measurement), or detailed imaging in 9 h (42 directions plus six unweighted measurements). Application to the splotch model enabled assessment of spinal cord pathology. CONCLUSION We present guidelines for designing diffusion μMRI experiments, which may be adapted for different studies and research facilities. As they are suitable for routine use and may be readily implemented, we hope they will be adopted by the phenotyping community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca C. Norris
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and EXperimental Biology (CoMPLEX)University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Bernard M. Siow
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Departments of Medical Physics and Bioengineering and Computer ScienceUniversity College LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jon O. Cleary
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Anatomy and NeuroscienceUniversity of MelbourneAustralia
| | - Jack A. Wells
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sandra C.P. De Castro
- Neural Development Unit, UCL Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Roger J. Ordidge
- Department of Anatomy and NeuroscienceUniversity of MelbourneAustralia
| | - Nicholas D.E. Greene
- Neural Development Unit, UCL Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Copp
- Neural Development Unit, UCL Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Scambler
- Molecular Medicine Unit, UCL Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Daniel. C. Alexander
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Departments of Medical Physics and Bioengineering and Computer ScienceUniversity College LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Mark F. Lythgoe
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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Zheng J, Lu X, Liu H, Zhao P, Li K, Li L. MTHFD1 polymorphism as maternal risk for neural tube defects: a meta-analysis. Neurol Sci 2014; 36:607-16. [PMID: 25502174 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-014-2035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the association between methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 (MTHFD1) G1958A polymorphism and neural tube defects (NTD) susceptibility has been widely investigated; however, the results remained inconclusive. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of MTHFD1 G1958A polymorphism on NTD. The relative literatures were identified by search of the electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE. The extracted data were statistically analyzed, and pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the association strength using Stata version 11.0 software. Finally, ten studies met our inclusion criteria, including 2,132/4,082 in NTD infants and controls; 1,402/3,136 in mothers with NTD offspring and controls; and 993/2,879 in fathers with NTD offspring and controls. This meta-analysis showed that, compared with the mothers with GG genotype, the women with AA genotype had an increased risk of NTD in their offspring, with OR values and 95 % CI at 1.39 (1.16-1.68), p < 0.001. Interestingly, fathers with AG genotype had a significant decreased risk of NTD offspring (OR = 0.79, 95 % CI = 0.66-0.94, p = 0.009). However, there was no significant association between the MTHFD1 G1958A polymorphism in NTD patients and the risk of NTD. In conclusion, the present meta-analysis provided evidence of the association between maternal MTHFD1 G1958A polymorphism and NTD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Meng J, Han L, Zhuang B. Association between MTHFD1 polymorphisms and neural tube defect susceptibility. J Neurol Sci 2014; 348:188-94. [PMID: 25524527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neural tube defect (NTD) is a common disease among neonates with multiplex symptom and complex origins, and the exact mechanism of NTD has not been definitely elucidated. Nevertheless, it is hypothesized that NTD risk can be prevented by periconceptional folic acid in folate metabolism. The methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (MTHFD1) gene has been proved to play an important role in folate metabolism, which was strongly associated with the high risk for NTD. We focused on three folate metabolism-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the MTHFD1 gene to evaluate the associations between MTHFD1 polymorphisms and NTD susceptibility. METHODS We genotyped blood samples from 222 specimens (including 122 NTD-affected infants and 100 healthy controls) in a case-control study. We investigated the association between NTD and three selected tag-SNPs on MTHFD1 gene: 401A>G (rs1950902), 2305C>T (rs17857382) and 1958G>A (rs2236225) by the SNapShot method. These SNPs were identified by Haploview 4.2 software with HapMap databases, and then these associations were evaluated by the Mann-Whitney test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square test. Furthermore, a meta-analysis of the association between MTHFD1 1958G>A and NTD risk was also performed. RESULTS In our study, an increased risk of NTD was observed for 1958G>A of MTHFD1 (AA vs. GG: OR=2.63, 95% CI=2.61-5.70; AA vs. GG+GA: OR=2.10, 95% CI=1.07-4.14; A vs. G: OR=1.62, 95% CI=1.11-2.36). However, the other two SNPs (401A>G and 2305C>T) displayed no statistically significant association with NTD risk. The overall result of the meta-analysis indicated that the 1958G>A variant might not be a genetic susceptible factor for the Caucasian population. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis implicated that MTHFD1 1958G>A was significantly associated with the susceptibility of NTD in a Chinese population. In addition, the AA homozygote carriers were more likely to suffer NTD, compared with the others with GA or GG genotypes. Validation of the risk effect and functional impact of this polymorphism is needed in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Meng
- Neonatal Ward, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining 272011, China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of PICU, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining 272000, China
| | - Bo Zhuang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining 272011, China.
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Awad AW, Aleck KA, Bhardwaj RD. Concomitant achondroplasia and Chiari II malformation: A double-hit at the cervicomedullary junction. World J Clin Cases 2014; 2:711-716. [PMID: 25405196 PMCID: PMC4233428 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v2.i11.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the first case of a neonate with concurrent Chiari II malformation and achondroplasia. Although rare, both these conditions contribute to several deleterious anatomical changes at the cervicomedullary junction and thus predispose to acute hydrocephalus. Although our patient was initially asymptomatic, hydrocephalus ensued several weeks after birth and required cerebral spinal fluid diversion. We discuss the potential links between the two conditions, the pathophysiology, and the important clinical implications for the management of the increased risk of hydrocephalus.
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126
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Colleoni S, Galli C, Gaspar JA, Meganathan K, Jagtap S, Hescheler J, Zagoura D, Bremer S, Sachinidis A, Lazzari G. A comparative transcriptomic study on the effects of valproic acid on two different hESCs lines in a neural teratogenicity test system. Toxicol Lett 2014; 231:38-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wilde JJ, Petersen JR, Niswander L. Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental contributions to neural tube closure. Annu Rev Genet 2014; 48:583-611. [PMID: 25292356 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-120213-092208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The formation of the embryonic brain and spinal cord begins as the neural plate bends to form the neural folds, which meet and adhere to close the neural tube. The neural ectoderm and surrounding tissues also coordinate proliferation, differentiation, and patterning. This highly orchestrated process is susceptible to disruption, leading to neural tube defects (NTDs), a common birth defect. Here, we highlight genetic and epigenetic contributions to neural tube closure. We describe an online database we created as a resource for researchers, geneticists, and clinicians. Neural tube closure is sensitive to environmental influences, and we discuss disruptive causes, preventative measures, and possible mechanisms. New technologies will move beyond candidate genes in small cohort studies toward unbiased discoveries in sporadic NTD cases. This will uncover the genetic complexity of NTDs and critical gene-gene interactions. Animal models can reveal the causative nature of genetic variants, the genetic interrelationships, and the mechanisms underlying environmental influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Wilde
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045;
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128
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Using Pluripotent Stem Cells and Their Progeny as an In VitroModel to Assess (Developmental) Neurotoxicity. METHODS AND PRINCIPLES IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527674183.ch13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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129
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Pocino K, Rendeli C, Ausili E, Paolucci V, Romagnoli C, Carrozza C, Capoluongo E. Analytical assessment of bone serum markers in patients suffering from spina bifida. Clin Chem Lab Med 2014; 53:e77-9. [PMID: 25241730 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2014-0758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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130
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Yu Y, Wang F, Bao Y, Lu X, Quan L, Lu P. Association between MTHFR gene polymorphism and NTDs in Chinese Han population. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014; 7:2901-2906. [PMID: 25356156 PMCID: PMC4211806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene and neural tube defects (NTDs) in Chinese population. METHOD A total of 271 NTDs cases and 192 healthy controls were used in this study. Fifty-two selected single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites in the MTHFR gene were analyzed with next-generation sequencing method. A series of statistical methods were carried out to investigate the correlation between the SNPs and the patient susceptibility to NTDs. RESULTS Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between the SNP sites rs1801133 in MTHFR gene and NTDs. The GG genotype, G allele of rs1801133 in MTHFR significantly decreased the incidence of NTDs (OR = 0.449, 95% CI: 0.255-0.789 with genotype, and OR = 0.669, 95% CI: 0.508-0.881 with allele). CONCLUSIONS The gene polymorphism loci rs1801133 in MTHFR gene maybe potential risk factors for NTD in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Scientific Research Administration, Capital Institute of Pediatrics2 Yabao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics2 Yabao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yihua Bao
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics2 Yabao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xiaolin Lu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics2 Yabao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Li Quan
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics2 Yabao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics2 Yabao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China
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131
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Binia A, Contreras AV, Canizales-Quinteros S, Alonzo VA, Tejero ME, Silva-Zolezzi I. Geographical and ethnic distribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms within genes of the folate/homocysteine pathway metabolism. GENES & NUTRITION 2014; 9:421. [PMID: 25106483 PMCID: PMC4172644 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-014-0421-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
High levels of plasma homocysteine are associated with an increased risk of many health conditions influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. The objective of this study was to provide the geographical distribution of folate pathway genetic polymorphisms in Mexico and the comparison with the reported frequencies in different continental populations. This study included the analysis of the genotypic frequencies of eight polymorphisms in genes of the folate/homocysteine metabolic pathway in 1,350 Mestizo and Amerindian subjects from different regions in Mexico and 836 individuals from European, African and Asian populations of the 1,000 Genomes Project. In Mexican Mestizo and Amerindian populations, the MTHFR C677T risk genotype (TT) was highly prevalent (frequency: 25 and 57 %, respectively). In Mestizos, the frequency showed clear regional variation related to ancestry; the Guerrero subpopulation with the highest Amerindian contribution had the highest TT frequency (33 %). The MTHFD1 G1958A AA risk genotype was also enriched in Mexican Mestizos and Amerindians (frequency: 34 and 58 %, respectively), whereas in African and Asian ancestry populations the frequency for AA was low (~4 %). All together risk genotypes showed regional differences, and Sonora had significantly different genetic frequencies compared with the other regions (P value <0.05). Our study illustrates differential geographical distribution of the risk variants in the folate/homocysteine metabolic pathway relative to ethnic background. This work supports that certain areas of the world have increased needs for folic acid and vitamin B supplementation, and this information needs to be considered in public health guidelines and eventually policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristea Binia
- Nutrition and Health Research, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland,
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132
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Das D, Zalewski JK, Mohan S, Plageman TF, VanDemark AP, Hildebrand JD. The interaction between Shroom3 and Rho-kinase is required for neural tube morphogenesis in mice. Biol Open 2014; 3:850-60. [PMID: 25171888 PMCID: PMC4163662 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20147450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Shroom3 is an actin-associated regulator of cell morphology that is required for neural tube closure, formation of the lens placode, and gut morphogenesis in mice and has been linked to chronic kidney disease and directional heart looping in humans. Numerous studies have shown that Shroom3 likely regulates these developmental processes by directly binding to Rho-kinase and facilitating the assembly of apically positioned contractile actomyosin networks. We have characterized the molecular basis for the neural tube defects caused by an ENU-induced mutation that results in an arginine-to-cysteine amino acid substitution at position 1838 of mouse Shroom3. We show that this substitution has no effect on Shroom3 expression or localization but ablates Rock binding and renders Shroom3 non-functional for the ability to regulate cell morphology. Our results indicate that Rock is the major downstream effector of Shroom3 in the process of neural tube morphogenesis. Based on sequence conservation and biochemical analysis, we predict that the Shroom-Rock interaction is highly conserved across animal evolution and represents a signaling module that is utilized in a variety of biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debamitra Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Jenna K Zalewski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Swarna Mohan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Timothy F Plageman
- College of Optometry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Andrew P VanDemark
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Hildebrand
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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133
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Murdoch JN, Damrau C, Paudyal A, Bogani D, Wells S, Greene NDE, Stanier P, Copp AJ. Genetic interactions between planar cell polarity genes cause diverse neural tube defects in mice. Dis Model Mech 2014; 7:1153-63. [PMID: 25128525 PMCID: PMC4174526 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.016758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are among the commonest and most severe forms of developmental defect, characterized by disruption of the early embryonic events of central nervous system formation. NTDs have long been known to exhibit a strong genetic dependence, yet the identity of the genetic determinants remains largely undiscovered. Initiation of neural tube closure is disrupted in mice homozygous for mutations in planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway genes, providing a strong link between NTDs and PCP signaling. Recently, missense gene variants have been identified in PCP genes in humans with NTDs, although the range of phenotypes is greater than in the mouse mutants. In addition, the sequence variants detected in affected humans are heterozygous, and can often be detected in unaffected individuals. It has been suggested that interactions between multiple heterozygous gene mutations cause the NTDs in humans. To determine the phenotypes produced in double heterozygotes, we bred mice with all three pairwise combinations of Vangl2(Lp), Scrib(Crc) and Celsr1(Crsh) mutations, the most intensively studied PCP mutants. The majority of double-mutant embryos had open NTDs, with the range of phenotypes including anencephaly and spina bifida, therefore reflecting the defects observed in humans. Strikingly, even on a uniform genetic background, variability in the penetrance and severity of the mutant phenotypes was observed between the different double-heterozygote combinations. Phenotypically, Celsr1(Crsh);Vangl2(Lp);Scrib(Crc) triply heterozygous mutants were no more severe than doubly heterozygous or singly homozygous mutants. We propose that some of the variation between double-mutant phenotypes could be attributed to the nature of the protein disruption in each allele: whereas Scrib(Crc) is a null mutant and produces no Scrib protein, Celsr1(Crsh) and Vangl2(Lp) homozygotes both express mutant proteins, consistent with dominant effects. The variable outcomes of these genetic interactions are of direct relevance to human patients and emphasize the importance of performing comprehensive genetic screens in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Murdoch
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0RD, UK. MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK.
| | - Christine Damrau
- MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Anju Paudyal
- MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Debora Bogani
- MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Sara Wells
- MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Nicholas D E Greene
- Newlife Birth Defects Research Centre, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Philip Stanier
- Newlife Birth Defects Research Centre, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Andrew J Copp
- Newlife Birth Defects Research Centre, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
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134
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Iliescu A, Gravel M, Horth C, Gros P. Independent mutations at Arg181 and Arg274 of Vangl proteins that are associated with neural tube defects in humans decrease protein stability and impair membrane targeting. Biochemistry 2014; 53:5356-64. [PMID: 25068569 DOI: 10.1021/bi500400g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In vertebrates, Vangl proteins play important roles during embryogenesis, including establishing planar polarity and coordinating convergent extension movements. In mice, homozygosity for mutations in the Vangl1 and Vangl2 genes or combined heterozygosity for Vangl1/Vangl2 mutations causes the very severe neural tube defect (NTD) craniorachischisis. Recently, a number of patient-specific VANGL1 and VANGL2 protein mutations have been identified in familial and sporadic cases of mild and severe forms of NTDs. The biochemical nature of pathological effects in these mutations remains unknown. Of interest are two arginine residues, R181 and R274, that are highly conserved in Vangl protein homologues and found to be independently mutated in VANGL1 (R181Q and R274Q) and VANGL2 (R177H and R270H) in human cases of NTDs. The cellular and biochemical properties of R181Q and R274Q were established in transfected MDCK kidney epithelial cells and compared to those of wild-type (WT) Vangl1. Compared to that of WT, these mutations displayed impaired targeting to the plasma membrane and were instead detected in an intracellular endomembrane compartment that was positive for the endoplasmic reticulum. R181Q and R274Q showed impaired stability with significant reductions in measured half-lives from >20 h for WT protein to 9 and 5 h, respectively. These mutations have a cellular and biochemical phenotype that is indistinguishable from that of Vangl mutations known to cause craniorachichisis in mice (Lp). These results strongly suggest that R181 and R274 play critical roles in Vangl protein function and that their mutations cause neural tube defects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Iliescu
- Department of Biochemistry and ‡Complex Traits Group, McGill University , Montreal, QC, Canada H3G-0B1
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135
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Apkon SD, Grady R, Hart S, Lee A, McNalley T, Niswander L, Petersen J, Remley S, Rotenstein D, Shurtleff H, Warner M, Walker WO. Advances in the care of children with spina bifida. Adv Pediatr 2014; 61:33-74. [PMID: 25037124 DOI: 10.1016/j.yapd.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan D Apkon
- Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Rehabilitation Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way Northeast, M/S OB-8414, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
| | - Richard Grady
- Section of Pediatric Urology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, 4800 Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Solveig Hart
- Rehabilitation Services, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Amy Lee
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, 4800 Sand Point Way Northeast, M/S W7729, PO Box 5371, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Thomas McNalley
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, 4800 Sand Point Way Northeast, M/S OB-8404, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Lee Niswander
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Mail Stop 8133, Building RC1 South, Room L18-12106, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Juliette Petersen
- Molecular Biology Program, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8133, Building RC1 South, L18-12400D, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sheridan Remley
- Rehabilitation Services, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Deborah Rotenstein
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Endocrine Division, Pediatric Alliance, 1789 South Braddock Avenue, Suite 294, Pittsburgh, PA 15218, USA
| | - Hillary Shurtleff
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Child Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Molly Warner
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Neuropsychology Consult Service, Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - William O Walker
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, 4800 Sand Point Way Northeast, M/S OC.9.940, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
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136
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Zinck JWR, MacFarlane AJ. Approaches for the identification of genetic modifiers of nutrient dependent phenotypes: examples from folate. Front Nutr 2014; 1:8. [PMID: 25988111 PMCID: PMC4428393 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2014.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
By combining the sciences of nutrition, bioinformatics, genomics, population genetics, and epidemiology, nutrigenomics is improving our understanding of how diet and nutrient intake can interact with or modify gene expression and disease risk. In this review, we explore various approaches to examine gene–nutrient interactions and the modifying role of nutrient consumption, as they relate to nutrient status and disease risk in human populations. Two common approaches include the use of SNPs in candidate genes to identify their association with nutritional status or disease outcomes, or genome-wide association studies to identify genetic polymorphisms associated with a given phenotype. Here, we examine the results of various gene–nutrient interaction studies, the association of genetic polymorphisms with disease expression, and the identification of nutritional factors that modify gene-dependent disease phenotypes. We have focused on specific examples from investigations of the interactions of folate, B-vitamin consumption, and polymorphisms in the genes of B-vitamin dependent enzymes and their association with disease risk, followed by an examination of the strengths and limitations of the methods employed. We also present suggestions for future studies, including an approach from an on-going large scale study, to examine the interaction of nutrient intake and genotypic variation and their impact on nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W R Zinck
- Science Integration Division, Public Health Agency of Canada , Ottawa, ON , Canada
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137
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Lei Y, Tittle RK, Finnell RH. Interaction between SNPs in folate pathway genes and environment increase neural tube defects risk. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl.14.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of: Liu J, Qi J, Yu X et al. Investigations of single nucleotide polymorphisms in folate pathway genes in Chinese families with neural tube defects. J. Neurol. Sci. 337, 61–66 (2014). This study investigated the interactions between SNPs in folate metabolism pathway genes and environmental risk factors on the etiology of neural tube defects (NTDs). Samples from a total of 609 NTD cases were collected from 602 families, 1106 parental samples were collected as controls. A total of 28 SNPs in 12 folate pathway genes were genotyped. Environmental factors included folate supplementation, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and medicine administration before and during pregnancy. Case–parental control and transmission/disequilibrium tests (TDTs) were conducted according to environment cofactor stratification. The MTHFR 677C>T genotype interacts with low folate level and GDM, increasing the occurrence of NTDs. MTR (known as MTHM in the paper under evaluation) 501A>G interacts with GDM, promoting NTDs risk. BHMT 716G>A, in the case of no folate supplementation, contributed to the etiology of NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunping Lei
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Human Ecology, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
| | - Rachel K Tittle
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Human Ecology, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
| | - Richard H Finnell
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Human Ecology, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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138
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Githuku JN, Azofeifa A, Valencia D, Ao T, Hamner H, Amwayi S, Gura Z, Omolo J, Albright L, Guo J, Arvelo W. Assessing the prevalence of spina bifida and encephalocele in a Kenyan hospital from 2005-2010: implications for a neural tube defects surveillance system. Pan Afr Med J 2014; 18:60. [PMID: 26113894 PMCID: PMC4473786 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2014.18.60.4070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neural tube defects such as anencephaly, spina bifida, and encephalocele are congenital anomalies of the central nervous system. Data on the prevalence of neural tube defects in Kenya are limited. This study characterizes and estimates the prevalence of spina bifida and encephalocele reported in a referral hospital in Kenya from 2005-2010. Methods Cases were defined as a diagnosis of spina bifida or encephalocele. Prevalence was calculated as the number of cases by year and province of residence divided by the total number of live-births per province. Results From a total of 6,041 surgical records; 1,184 (93%) had reported diagnosis of spina bifida and 88 (7%) of encephalocele. Estimated prevalence of spina bifida and encephalocele from 2005-2010 was 3.3 [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 3.1-3.5] cases per 10,000 live-births. The highest prevalence of cases were reported in 2007 with 4.4 (95% CI: 3.9-5.0) cases per 10,000 live-births. Rift Valley province had the highest prevalence of spina bifida and encephalocele at 6.9 (95% CI: 6.3-7.5) cases per 10,000 live-births from 2005-2010. Conclusion Prevalence of spina bifida and encephalocele is likely underestimated, as only patients seeking care at the hospital were included. Variations in regional prevalence could be due to referral patterns and healthcare access. Implementation of a neural tube defects surveillance system would provide a more thorough assessment of the burden of neural tube defects in Kenya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane N Githuku
- Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (FELTP), Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Alejandro Azofeifa
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Diana Valencia
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Trong Ao
- Center for Global Health, Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Heather Hamner
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Samuel Amwayi
- Kenya Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Zeinab Gura
- Kenya Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jared Omolo
- Kenya Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Leland Albright
- African Inland Church Kijabe Hospital, Central Province, Kenya
| | - Jing Guo
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Wences Arvelo
- Center for Global Health, Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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139
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Denny KJ, Jeanes A, Fathe K, Finnell RH, Taylor SM, Woodruff TM. Neural tube defects, folate, and immune modulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 97:602-609. [PMID: 24078477 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Periconceptional supplementation with folic acid has led to a significant worldwide reduction in the incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs). However, despite increasing awareness of the benefits of folic acid supplementation and the implementation of food fortification programs in many countries, NTDs continue to be a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Furthermore, there exists a significant subgroup of women who appear to be resistant to the protective effects of folic acid supplementation. The following review addresses emerging clinical and experimental evidence for a role of the immune system in the etiopathogenesis of NTDs, with the aim of developing novel preventative strategies to further reduce the incidence of NTD-affected pregnancies. In particular, recent studies demonstrating novel roles and interactions between innate immune factors such as the complement cascade, neurulation, and folate metabolism are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerina J Denny
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia.,Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Angela Jeanes
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kristin Fathe
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas
| | - Richard H Finnell
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas
| | - Stephen M Taylor
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
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140
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Csordas K, Lautner-Csorba O, Semsei AF, Harnos A, Hegyi M, Erdelyi DJ, Eipel OT, Szalai C, Kovacs GT. Associations of novel genetic variations in the folate-related andARID5Bgenes with the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of high-dose methotrexate in paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2014; 166:410-20. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Csordas
- 2nd Department of Paediatrics; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
| | | | - Agnes F. Semsei
- Deparment of Genetics, Cell- and Immunbiology; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
| | - Andrea Harnos
- Department of Biomathematics and Informatics; Faculty of Veterinary Science; Szent Istvan University; Budapest Hungary
| | - Marta Hegyi
- 2nd Department of Paediatrics; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
| | - Daniel J. Erdelyi
- 2nd Department of Paediatrics; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
| | - Oliver T. Eipel
- 2nd Department of Paediatrics; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
| | - Csaba Szalai
- Deparment of Genetics, Cell- and Immunbiology; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
| | - Gabor T. Kovacs
- 2nd Department of Paediatrics; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
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141
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Agrawal A, Sampley S. Spinal dysraphism: A challenge continued to be faced by neurosurgeons in developing countries. Asian J Neurosurg 2014; 9:68-71. [PMID: 25126121 PMCID: PMC4129580 DOI: 10.4103/1793-5482.136713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The incidence of spinal dysraphism has significantly decreased over the last few decades, all over the world; however, still the incidence is much higher in developing countries with poor socioeconomic status. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study includes all patients managed for spinal dysraphism over a period of one year (January 2011-December 2011). Details including demographics, antenatal care history, site and type of lesion, neurological examination, imaging finding, associated congenital anomalies, management offered, and outcome were recorded. RESULTS A total of 27 children were operated for spinal dysraphism during the study period (17 males and 11 females). Median age was 120 days (age range, 1 day to 6 years). Mothers of 15 children did not seek any regular antenatal checkup and only 13 mothers received folic acid supplementation during pregnancy. Fourteen children were delivered at home and 13 were at hospital. The most common site was lumbosacral region (67.8%). Seven patients had rupture of the sac at the time of presentation, one child had local infection, and four patients had hydrocephalus (requiring shunt before surgical repair). Two patients developed hydrocephalus at follow up, needing shunt surgery. The mean hospital stay was 7 days (range, 5 days to 31 days; median, 10 days). CONCLUSION Spinal dysraphism is still a major public health problem in developing countries. Management of patients with spinal dysraphism is complex and needs close coordination between pediatrician, neurologist, neurosurgeon, and rehabilitation experts. A large number of factors influence the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Agrawal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Narayna Medical College Hospital, Chinthareddypalem, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil Sampley
- Department of Surgery, MM Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India
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142
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Hobbs CA, Chowdhury S, Cleves MA, Erickson S, MacLeod SL, Shaw GM, Shete S, Witte JS, Tycko B. Genetic epidemiology and nonsyndromic structural birth defects: from candidate genes to epigenetics. JAMA Pediatr 2014; 168:371-7. [PMID: 24515445 PMCID: PMC3981910 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.4858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Birth defects are a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The vast majority of birth defects are nonsyndromic, and although their etiologies remain mostly unknown, evidence supports the hypothesis that they result from the complex interaction of genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Since our last review published in 2002 describing the basic tools of genetic epidemiology used to study nonsyndromic structural birth defects, many new approaches have become available and have been used with varying success. Through rapid advances in genomic technologies, investigators are now able to investigate large portions of the genome at a fraction of previous costs. With next-generation sequencing, research has progressed from assessing a small percentage of single-nucleotide polymorphisms to assessing the entire human protein-coding repertoire (exome)-an approach that is starting to uncover rare but informative mutations associated with nonsyndromic birth defects. Herein, we report on the current state of the genetic epidemiology of birth defects and comment on future challenges and opportunities. We consider issues of study design, and we discuss common variant approaches, including candidate gene studies and genome-wide association studies. We also discuss the complexities embedded in exploring interactions between genes and the environment. We complete our review by describing new and promising next-generation sequencing technologies and examining how the study of epigenetic mechanisms could become the key to unraveling the complex etiologies of nonsyndromic structural birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A. Hobbs
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Little Rock
| | - Shimul Chowdhury
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Little Rock
| | - Mario A. Cleves
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Little Rock
| | - Stephen Erickson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Little Rock
| | - Stewart L. MacLeod
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Little Rock
| | - Gary M. Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Sanjay Shete
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - John S. Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Benjamin Tycko
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
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143
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Schuler-Faccini L, Sanseverino MTV, de Rocha Azevedo LM, Moorthie S, Alberg C, Chowdhury S, Sagoo GS, Burton H, Nacul LC. Health needs assessment for congenital anomalies in middle-income countries: Examining the case for neural tube defects in Brazil. J Community Genet 2014; 5:147-55. [PMID: 23990401 PMCID: PMC3955461 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-013-0165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent economic improvement in Brazil has been reflected in better maternal-child health indicators, with decreases in infant and perinatal mortality. However, under-five mortality due to congenital disorders remained unchanged, and congenital disorders have become the second leading cause of infant mortality. In the present study, we used the PHG Foundation Health Needs Assessment (HNA) Toolkit with the objective of first assessing the burden of disease caused by neural tube defects (NTDs) in Brazil and the impact of interventions already put in place to address the burden, and second to evaluate and prioritize further interventions and policies required for its prevention and treatment. The results from these two components of the HNA process are described in this paper. The published literature was reviewed to identify studies of NTDs (prevalence; morbidity; prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal mortality; treatment or prevention). Data on indicators of maternal and child health were obtained directly from the Brazilian Ministry of Health, through the online Live Births Information System (SINASC) and from the Mortality Information System (SIM). Descriptive analyses included reports of the rates of NTD in liveborns, fetal, and infant deaths. Differences between folic acid flour pre-fortification (2001-2004) and post-fortification (2006-2010) periods were expressed as prevalence rate ratios. Around 20 % of fetal deaths were related to congenital disorders with approximately 5 % of those being NTDs. For infant mortality, congenital disorders were notified in approximately 15 % of cases, with NTDs present in 10 % of the malformed children. Although statistically significant, the prevalence rate ratio (PRR) for spina bifida in live births was only 0.937 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.884-0.994), a decrease of 6.3 % when comparing the pre and post-fortification periods. The impact of fortification seemed to be more visible in fetal deaths due to anencephaly (PRR = 0.727, 95 % CI 0.681-0.777) and for spina bifida (PRR = 0.700, 95 % CI 0.507-0.967) with associated decreases of 27.3 and 30 %. The lower impact of folic acid fortification in Brazil, compared to other Latin-American countries, can be due to differences in dietary habits, concentration of folic acid in flour, as well as characteristic population ethnic composition. The HNA led to the identification of the needs to be addressed in Brazil, including the improvement of reporting congenital disorders within the nationwide birth certification system, and revision of the policy of flour folic acid fortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Schuler-Faccini
- INAGEMP (Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional) at Teratogen Information Service, Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil,
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144
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Lei Y, Zhu H, Yang W, Ross ME, Shaw GM, Finnell RH. Identification of novel CELSR1 mutations in spina bifida. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92207. [PMID: 24632739 PMCID: PMC3954890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spina bifida is one of the most common neural tube defects (NTDs) with a complex etiology. Variants in planar cell polarity (PCP) genes have been associated with NTDs including spina bifida in both animal models and human cohorts. In this study, we sequenced all exons of CELSR1 in 192 spina bifida patients from a California population to determine the contribution of CELSR1 mutations in the studied population. Novel and rare variants identified in these patients were subsequently genotyped in 190 ethnically matched control individuals. Six missense mutations not found in controls were predicted to be deleterious by both SIFT and PolyPhen. Two TG dinucleotide repeat variants were individually detected in 2 spina bifida patients but not detected in controls. In vitro functional analysis showed that the two TG dinucleotide repeat variants not only changed subcellular localization of the CELSR1 protein, but also impaired the physical association between CELSR1 and VANGL2, and thus diminished the ability to recruit VANGL2 for cell-cell contact. In total, 3% of our spina bifida patients carry deleterious or predicted to be deleterious CELSR1 mutations. Our findings suggest that CELSR1 mutations contribute to the risk of spina bifida in a cohort of spina bifida patients from California.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunping Lei
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Huiping Zhu
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - M. Elizabeth Ross
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gary M. Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Richard H. Finnell
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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145
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Peake JN, Copp AJ, Shawe J. Knowledge and periconceptional use of folic acid for the prevention of neural tube defects in ethnic communities in the United Kingdom: systematic review and meta-analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 97:444-51. [PMID: 23873812 PMCID: PMC3798113 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: It is widely accepted that periconceptional supplementation with folic acid can prevent a significant proportion of neural tube defects (NTDs). The present study evaluated how folic acid knowledge and periconceptional use for NTD prevention varies by ethnicity in the United Kingdom (U.K.). METHODS: A literature search was conducted to identify studies that included assessment of folic acid knowledge or use in U.K. women of different ethnicities. Only research and referenced sources published after 1991, the year of the landmark Medical Research Council’s Vitamin Study, were included. A meta-analysis was performed of studies that assessed preconceptional folic acid use in Caucasians and non-Caucasians. RESULTS: Five studies met the inclusion criteria for assessment of knowledge and/or use of folic acid supplements in U.K. women including non-Caucasians. The available evidence indicates that South Asians specifically have less knowledge and lower periconceptional use of folic acid than Caucasians; one study found that West Indian and African women also had lower folic acid uptake. A synthesis of results from three of the studies, in a meta-analysis, shows that Caucasians are almost three times more likely to take folic acid before conception than non-Caucasians. CONCLUSION: From the limited evidence available, U.K. women of non-Caucasian ethnicity appear to have less knowledge and a lower uptake of folic acid supplementation than Caucasians during the periconceptional period. Implementing targeted, innovative education campaigns together with a mandatory fortification policy, including the fortification of ethnic minority foods, will be required for maximum prevention of folic acid–preventable NTDs across different ethnic groups. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 97:444–451, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana N Peake
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, United Kingdom.
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146
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Chi Y, Pei L, Chen G, Song X, Zhao A, Chen T, Su M, Zhang Y, Liu J, Ren A, Zheng X, Xie G, Jia W. Metabonomic Profiling of Human Placentas Reveals Different Metabolic Patterns among Subtypes of Neural Tube Defects. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:934-45. [PMID: 24397701 DOI: 10.1021/pr4009805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chi
- School
of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lijun Pei
- Institute
of Population Research, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Gong Chen
- Institute
of Population Research, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, China
- WHO
Collaborating Center for Reproductive Health and Population Science, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinming Song
- Institute
of Population Research, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, China
- WHO
Collaborating Center for Reproductive Health and Population Science, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Aihua Zhao
- Center
for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated
Sixth People’s Hospital, 600
Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Tianlu Chen
- Center
for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated
Sixth People’s Hospital, 600
Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Mingming Su
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, United States
| | - Yinan Zhang
- Center
for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated
Sixth People’s Hospital, 600
Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jianmeng Liu
- Health Science
Center, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Aiguo Ren
- Health Science
Center, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoying Zheng
- Institute
of Population Research, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, China
- WHO
Collaborating Center for Reproductive Health and Population Science, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guoxiang Xie
- Center
for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated
Sixth People’s Hospital, 600
Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, United States
| | - Wei Jia
- Center
for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated
Sixth People’s Hospital, 600
Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, United States
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147
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Salih MAM, Murshid WR, Mohamed AG, Ignacio LC, de Jesus JE, Baabbad R, El Bushra HM. Risk factors for neural tube defects in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia: Case-control study. Sudan J Paediatr 2014; 14:49-60. [PMID: 27493405 PMCID: PMC4949798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Both genetic and non-genetic environmental factors are involved in the etiology of neural tube defects (NTD) which affect 0.5-2/1000 pregnancies worldwide. This study aimed to explore the risk factors for the development of NTD in Saudi population, and highlight identifiable and preventable causes. Similar studies are scarce in similar populations ofthe Arabian Peninsula and North Africa. This is an unmatched concurrent case-control study including NTD cases born at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh during a 4-year period (2002-2006). The case-control study included 25 cases and 125 controls (case: control ratio of 1:5). Years of formal education, employment, household environment (including availability of air conditioning) and rate of parental consanguinity did not differ between mothers of cases and controls. Significantly higher proportion of mothers of cases had history of stillbirth compared to control mothers (16% vs 4.1%, P=0.02). Also family history of hydrocephalus and congenital anomalies were more prevalent in cases than controls (P values=0.0000 and 0.003, respectively). There was significant protective effect of periconceptional folic acid consumption both prior to conception (OR 0.02, 95% CI 0.00-0.07) and during the first 6 weeks of conception (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.04-0.39). Further research, including a larger cohort, is required to enable ascertainment of gene-nutrient and gene environment interactions associated with NTD in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa A M Salih
- (1) Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed R Murshid
- (2) Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. (Currently, Neurosurgery Department, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarrah, Saudi Arabia)
| | - Ashry Gad Mohamed
- (3) Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lena C Ignacio
- (4) Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Julie E de Jesus
- (4) Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rubana Baabbad
- (4) Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan M El Bushra
- (5) Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. (Currently, WHO Representative, Saudi Arabia)
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148
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Salih MA, Murshid WR, Seidahmed MZ. Classification, clinical features, and genetics of neural tube defects. Saudi Med J 2014; 35 Suppl 1:S5-S14. [PMID: 25551113 PMCID: PMC4362100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) constitute a major health burden (0.5-2/1000 pregnancies worldwide), and remain a preventable cause of still birth, neonatal, and infant death, or significant lifelong handicaps. The malformations result from failure of the neural folds to fuse in the midline, and form the neural tube between the third and the fourth week of embryonic development. This review article discusses their classification, clinical features, and genetics. Most NTDs are sporadic and both genetic, and non-genetic environmental factors are involved in its etiology. Consanguinity was suggested to contribute to the high incidence of NTDs in several countries, including Saudi Arabia. Syndromes, often associated with chromosomal anomalies, account for <10% of all NTDs; but a higher proportion (20%) has been documented in Saudi Arabia. Genetic predisposition constitutes the major underlying risk factor, with a strong implication of genes that regulate folate one-carbon metabolism and planar cell polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa A. Salih
- From the Division of Pediatric Neurology (Salih), Department of Pediatrics, the Division of Neurosurgery (Murshid), Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, and the Neonatology Unit (Seidahmed), Department of Pediatrics, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Address correspondence and reprint request to: Prof. Mustafa A. M. Salih, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
| | - Waleed R. Murshid
- From the Division of Pediatric Neurology (Salih), Department of Pediatrics, the Division of Neurosurgery (Murshid), Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, and the Neonatology Unit (Seidahmed), Department of Pediatrics, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Z. Seidahmed
- From the Division of Pediatric Neurology (Salih), Department of Pediatrics, the Division of Neurosurgery (Murshid), Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, and the Neonatology Unit (Seidahmed), Department of Pediatrics, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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149
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Genetic evidence in planar cell polarity signaling pathway in human neural tube defects. Front Med 2013; 8:68-78. [PMID: 24307374 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-014-0308-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are a group of birth anomalies having a profound physical, emotional, and financial effects on families and communities. Their etiology is complex, involving environmental and genetic factors that interact to modulate the incidence and severity of the developing phenotype. The planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway controls the process of convergent extension (CE) during gastrulation and neural tube closure and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of NTDs in animal models and human cohorts. This review summarizes the cumulative results of recent studies on PCP signaling pathway and human NTDs. These results demonstrate that PCP gene alterations contribute to the etiology of human NTDs.
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150
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Wu J, Lu X, Wang Z, Shangguan S, Chang S, Li R, Wu L, Bao Y, Niu B, Wang L, Zhang T. Association between PKA gene polymorphism and NTDs in high risk Chinese population in Shanxi. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2013; 6:2968-2974. [PMID: 24294386 PMCID: PMC3843280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PKA and neural tube defects (NTDs) in Chinese population. METHOD A total of 183 NTDs cases and 200 healthy controls were used in this study. 7 selected single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites in the PKA gene were analyzed with MassArray high-throughput DNA analyzer with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. A series of statistical methods were carried out to investigate the correlation between the SNPs and the patient susceptibility to NTDs. RESULTS Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between the SNP sites rs12132032 in PRKACB and NTDs. The AA genotype, A-allele and dominant AA in rs12132032 significantly increased the incidence of NTDs especially anencephaly (OR=3.87, 95% CI: 1.80-8.34 with genotype; OR=2.08, 95% CI: 1.43-3.04 with allele; OR=3.10, 95% CI: 1.53-6.26 with dominant). The T-allele of rs594631 in PRKACB was correlative with NTDs in male but not in female. CONCLUSIONS The gene polymorphism loci rs12132032 in PRKACB maybe a potential risk factor for anencephaly in Chinese population from Shanxi, while gender susceptibility may influence the correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Capital University of Physical Education and SportsBeijing 100044, China
| | - Xiaolin Lu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of PediatricsBeijing 100020, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of PediatricsBeijing 100020, China
| | - Shaofang Shangguan
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of PediatricsBeijing 100020, China
| | - Shaoyan Chang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of PediatricsBeijing 100020, China
| | - Rui Li
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of PediatricsBeijing 100020, China
| | - Lihua Wu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of PediatricsBeijing 100020, China
| | - Yihua Bao
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of PediatricsBeijing 100020, China
| | - Bo Niu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of PediatricsBeijing 100020, China
| | - Li Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of PediatricsBeijing 100020, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of PediatricsBeijing 100020, China
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