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Nyboe Andersen A, Carlsen E, Loft A. Trends in the use of intracytoplasmatic sperm injection marked variability between countries. Hum Reprod Update 2008; 14:593-604. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmn032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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102
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Nelson SM, Greer IA. The potential role of heparin in assisted conception. Hum Reprod Update 2008; 14:623-45. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmn031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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103
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Ziebe S, Devroey P. Assisted reproductive technologies are an integrated part of national strategies addressing demographic and reproductive challenges. Hum Reprod Update 2008; 14:583-92. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmn038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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104
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Comparison of embryological and clinical outcome in GnRH antagonist vs. GnRH agonist protocols for in vitro fertilization in PCOS non-obese patients. A prospective randomized study. J Assist Reprod Genet 2008; 25:365-74. [PMID: 18802744 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-008-9249-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 08/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Embryological and clinical efficacy of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist and agonist stimulation protocols in non-obese women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) were compared. METHODS A prospective randomized study. SETTING Medical University Hospital. PATIENTS 70 infertile PCOS patients; 33 in GnRH antagonist and 37 in GnRH agonist group. RESULTS Similar mature metaphase II oocyte rate (76% vs. 76%) was observed in both protocols. Optimal pronuclear morphology zygotes dominated in both groups (64% vs. 66%). Transferred embryo quality did not differ in both protocols. No significant differences between both protocols were found in delivery rate (p = 0.481), pregnancy rate (p = 0.810), multiple pregnancy rate (p = 0.501), miscarriage rate (p = 0.154), fertilization rate (p = 0.388) and implantation rate (p = 1.000). Duration of stimulation and total follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) dose were significantly lower in GnRH antagonist protocol (p = 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS GnRH antagonist and agonist protocols in non-obese PCOS patients yield similar embryological and clinical outcomes. Shorter duration of treatment and lower FSH requirement in GnRH antagonist group may be financially beneficial and therefore attractive for patients.
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105
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Birenbaum-Carmeli D, Dirnfeld M. In vitro fertilisation policy in Israel and women's perspectives: the more the better? REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH MATTERS 2008; 16:182-91. [PMID: 18513619 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-8080(08)31352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Israel offers nearly full funding for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) to any Israeli woman irrespective of her marital status or sexual orientation, until she has two children with her current partner. Consequently, Israeli women are the world's most intensive consumers of IVF. This 2006 study explored the perceptions of Israeli IVF patients about the treatment and their experiences, probing possible links between state policy and women's choices and health. Israeli women (n=137), all currently undergoing IVF, were invited to fill out questionnaires. The questionnaires were delivered in five IVF centres by university nursing students or by the clinics' nurses. Most women were optimistic they would become pregnant, and described the treatment as having modest or no negative effects on their lives. They expressed a sweeping commitment to IVF, which they were willing to repeat "as many times as needed". At the same time, the majority appeared to have very partial treatment-related knowledge and marginalised side effects, even though they had experienced some themselves. We interpret the observed favourable image of IVF as closely related to the encouragement implied in the extensive state funding of IVF and in the Jewish Israeli tradition of pronatalism, which may account for the virtual absence of critical public debate on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphna Birenbaum-Carmeli
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
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106
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de La Rochebrochard E, Quelen C, Peikrishvili R, Guibert J, Bouyer J. Long-term outcome of parenthood project during in vitro fertilization and after discontinuation of unsuccessful in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 2008; 92:149-56. [PMID: 18706550 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2008] [Revised: 05/07/2008] [Accepted: 05/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the long-term outcome of patients who began IVF treatment by considering not only treatment outcome in the center but also the parenthood project outcome after discontinuation of unsuccessful IVF. DESIGN Retrospective cohort follow-up study. SETTING Two French IVF centers. PATIENT(S) Seven hundred twenty-four patients who began IVF treatment in 1998. INTERVENTION(S) Postal and phone contacts with unsuccessful IVF patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Long-term outcome of parenthood project. RESULT(S) Of the 724 patients, a minimum of 53% and a maximum of 81% finally succeeded in their parenthood project during or after IVF treatment (depending on the hypotheses that the 204 patients not contacted either failed or succeeded in their parenthood project). An intermediate hypothesis gave an estimation of 66% of patients finally succeeding in having a child (40% during IVF treatment in the center and 26% after). Achievement of the parenthood project after IVF discontinuation was due mainly to adoption of a child (46%) or a birth following a spontaneous pregnancy (42%). CONCLUSION(S) Unsuccessful patients should not lose hope, because nearly half may subsequently succeed in having a child.
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107
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Vutyavanich T, Sreshthaputra O, Mongkolchaipak S, Wongtra-ngan S, Piromlertamorn W. Slow programmable and ultra-rapid freezing of human embryos. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2008; 34:457-63. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2008.00734.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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108
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Homocysteine metabolism in the pre-ovulatory follicle during ovarian stimulation. Hum Reprod 2008; 23:2570-6. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/den292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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109
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Abstract
In vitro fertilization used in combination with intracytoplasmic sperm injection allows otherwise sterile couples to become parents. Despite recent studies on the safety of these technologies, there is still only an incomplete picture of the risks associated with the usage of these assisted reproductive techniques to offspring. The risk of multiple gestations continues to be of major concern because of its association with low birth weight, preterm delivery, and increased perinatal mortality. This article outlines the risks associated with in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection as a well-defined treatment for couples with severe male factor infertility.
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110
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111
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Kirkman M. Being a ‘real’ mum: Motherhood through donated eggs and embryos. WOMENS STUDIES INTERNATIONAL FORUM 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wsif.2008.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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112
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van Peperstraten AM, Nelen WLDM, Hermens RPMG, Jansen L, Scheenjes E, Braat DDM, Grol RPTM, Kremer JAM. Why don't we perform elective single embryo transfer? A qualitative study among IVF patients and professionals. Hum Reprod 2008; 23:2036-42. [PMID: 18565969 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/den156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elective single embryo transfer (eSET) enables the prevention of multiple pregnancies after in vitro fertilization (IVF). However, in Europe, the multiple pregnancy rate after IVF remains stable at approximately 23%, with SET occurring in 15% of all IVF cycles. In most European clinics, the decision for the number of embryos transferred is established through a form of shared decision-making between patients and professionals. The aim of this study is to explore factors influencing this decision, in particular factors preventing eSET use. METHODS We performed explorative, semi-structured, in-depth interviews, based on two theoretical models. The interviews were performed among 19 Dutch IVF professionals and 20 patients who had just undergone IVF or were on the waiting list for IVF. The interviews were fully transcribed and two researchers independently scored the factors according to the models. RESULTS We identified a wide variety of factors, potentially influencing eSET use: 37 with the professionals and 26 among the patients. Examples of factors mentioned by both patients and professionals were: uncertainty about the eSET technique, couples' lack of knowledge about essential eSET aspects, absence of a reimbursement system which favours eSET, inadequate options to select couples suitable for eSET and inferior cryopreservation success rates. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that both IVF professionals and patients identify numerous factors preventing eSET use in clinical practice. To estimate the impact of these factors identified, a quantitative confirmation and assessment of the magnitude of the effect is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M van Peperstraten
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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113
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Coverage and current practice patterns regarding assisted reproduction techniques. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2008; 138:3-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2008.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2007] [Revised: 01/20/2008] [Accepted: 02/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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114
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Hemminki E, Klemetti R, Sevón T, Gissler M. Induced abortions previous to IVF: an epidemiologic register-based study from Finland. Hum Reprod 2008; 23:1320-3. [PMID: 18372256 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/den101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to identify how many women treated for infertility had an abortion history, as well as when those abortions were carried out, and for what reasons. METHODS Data on all women treated in Finland from 1996-1998 for infertility either with IVF (n = 9175) or ovulation induction (OI, n = 10,254) and the age-matched controls of IVF women were linked to the Abortion and Hospital Discharge Registers for the period 1969-2000. RESULTS A notable proportion of IVF women (12%) and OI women (11%) had previous induced abortion(s). Practically all abortions were for social or age reasons. Most IVF women (72% of n = 1099) had their most recent abortion more than 10 years previous to fertility treatment, but more recently among OI women (45% of n = 1123 of the most recent abortions were in the preceding 10 years). Many IVF- and OI women were young and single at the time of the most recent abortion. At the time of IVF treatment most women were aged over 30 and married; OI women were also frequently married, but 42% of them were aged younger than 30. CONCLUSIONS At different points in their life, women may rely on opposite fertility regulation strategies. Health care professionals providing IVF need to consider the possibility of a previous abortion. Young women need information on the possibility of future infertility in later age.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hemminki
- National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health (STAKES), PO Box 220, 00531 Helsinki, Finland.
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115
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Wechowski J, Connolly M, Schneider D, McEwan P, Kennedy R. Cost-saving treatment strategies in in vitro fertilization: a combined economic evaluation of two large randomized clinical trials comparing highly purified human menopausal gonadotropin and recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone alpha. Fertil Steril 2008; 91:1067-76. [PMID: 18339384 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Revised: 01/08/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the cost-effectiveness of two gonadotropin treatments that are available in the United Kingdom in light of limited public funding and the fundamental role of costs in IVF treatment decisions. DESIGN An economic evaluation based on two large randomized clinical trials in IVF patients using a simulation model. SETTING Fifty-three fertility clinics in 13 European countries and Israel. PATIENT(S) Women indicated for treatment with IVF (N = 986), aged 18-38, participating in double-blind, randomized controlled trials. INTERVENTION(S) Highly purified menotropin (HP-hMG, Menopur) or recombinant follitropin alpha (rFSH, Gonal-F). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Cost per IVF cycle and cost per live birth for HP-hMG and rFSH alpha. RESULT(S) HP-hMG was more effective and less costly versus rFSH for both IVF cost per live birth and for IVF cost per baby (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was negative). The mean costs per IVF treatment for HP-hMG and rFSH were 2408 pounds (95% confidence interval [CI], 2392 pounds, 2421 pounds) and 2660 pounds (95% CI 2644 pounds, 2678 pounds), respectively. The mean cost saving of 253 pounds per cycle using HP-hMG allows one additional cycle to be delivered for every 9.5 cycles. CONCLUSION(S) Treatment with HP-hMG was dominant compared with rFSH in the United Kingdom. Gonadotropin costs should be considered alongside live-birth rates to optimize outcomes using scarce health-care resources.
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116
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Abstract
May increase birth rates, but guidelines should await the results of ongoing trials
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117
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Jacod BC, Lichtenbelt KD, Schuring-Blom GH, Laven JSE, van Opstal D, Eijkemans MJC, Macklon NS. Does confined placental mosaicism account for adverse perinatal outcomes in IVF pregnancies? Hum Reprod 2008; 23:1107-12. [PMID: 18319270 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/den062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IVF singletons have poorer perinatal outcomes than singletons from spontaneous conceptions. This may be due to the influence of ovarian stimulation on the chromosomal constitution of the embryos which could be translated into localized chromosomal anomalies in the placenta. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of confined placental mosaicism (CPM) in IVF/ICSI pregnancies and spontaneous conceptions. METHODS We conducted a multi-centre retrospective analysis of karyotype results obtained by chorionic villus sampling (CVS), performed due to advanced maternal age (>or=36 years at 18 weeks of gestation), in the Netherlands between 1995 and 2005. RESULTS From a total of 322 246 pregnancies, 20 885 CVS results were analysed: 235 in the IVF/ICSI group and 20 650 in the control group. The mean age of women in both groups was 38.4 years (mean difference -0.08, 95% CI -0.35 to 0.18). Data relating to the fetal karyotype were missing in 143 cases in the control group. When taking into account missing data, the incidence of CPM was lower in the IVF-ICSI group than in the control group, 1.3% versus 2.2% (odds ratio 0.59, 95% CI 0.19-1.85), whereas the incidence of fetal chromosomal anomalies was increased 4.3% versus 2.4% (odds ratio 1.81, 95% CI 0.95-3.42). Neither differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of CPM is not increased in IVF/ICSI pregnancies compared with spontaneous conceptions. CPM probably does not account for the adverse perinatal outcomes following IVF/ICSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Jacod
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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118
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Andersen AN, Goossens V, Ferraretti AP, Bhattacharya S, Felberbaum R, de Mouzon J, Nygren KG. Assisted reproductive technology in Europe, 2004: results generated from European registers by ESHRE. Hum Reprod 2008; 24:1267-87. [PMID: 18281243 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dep035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND European results of assisted reproductive techniques from treatments initiated during 2004 are presented in this eighth report. METHODS Data were mainly collected from existing national registers. From 29 countries, 785 clinics reported 367,066 treatment cycles including: IVF (114,672), ICSI (167,192), frozen embryo replacement (FER, 71,997), egg donation (ED, 10 334), preimplantation genetic diagnosis/screening (PGD/PGS, 2701) and in vitro maturation (IVM, 170). Overall, this represents only a marginal increase since 2003, due to a huge reduction in treatments in Germany. European data on intrauterine insemination using husband/partner's semen (IUI-H) and donor semen (IUI-D) were reported from 20 countries. A total of 115,980 cycles (IUI-H, 98,388; IUI-D, 17,592) were included. RESULTS In 14 countries where all clinics reported to the IVF register, a total of 248,937 ART cycles were performed in a population of 261.6 million, corresponding to 1095 cycles per million inhabitants. For IVF, the clinical pregnancy rates per aspiration and per transfer were 26.6% and 30.1%, respectively. For ICSI, the corresponding rates were 27.1% and 29.8%. After IUI-H, the clinical pregnancy rate was 12.6% in women below 40. After IVF and ICSI, the distribution of transfer of 1, 2, 3 and 4 or more embryos was 19.2%, 55.3%, 22.1% and 3.3%, respectively. Compared with 2003, fewer embryos were transferred, but huge differences still existed between countries. The distribution of singleton, twin and triplet deliveries after IVF and ICSI combined was 77.2%, 21.7% and 1.0%, respectively. This gives a total multiple delivery rate of 22.7% compared with 23.1% in 2003 and 24.5% in 2002. After IUI-H in women below 40 years of age, 11.9% were twin and 1.3% triplet gestations. CONCLUSIONS Compared with earlier years, the reported number of ART cycles in Europe increased and the pregnancy rates increased marginally, even though fewer embryos were transferred and the multiple delivery rates were reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nyboe Andersen
- ESHRE Central Office, Meerstraat 60, B-1852 Grimbergen, Belgium.
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119
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Safety of assisted reproduction, assessed by risk of abnormalities in children born after use of in vitro fertilization techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 5:140-50. [PMID: 18253110 DOI: 10.1038/ncpuro1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Assisted reproductive technologies are increasingly used in the treatment of both male and female infertility. The techniques, including in vitro fertilization, with or without intracytoplasmic sperm injection as an adjunctive treatment, represent a tremendous step forward for infertile couples who previously had no treatment options. As we move towards the 30(th) anniversary of the birth of the first baby conceived by in vitro fertilization, questions about the safety of these procedures linger. We review here the available literature regarding the safety of assisted reproductive technologies; these data are made far more robust by the inclusion of long-term follow-up data from the first generation of children arising after the introduction of these technologies.
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120
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Andersen AN, Goossens V, Ferraretti AP, Bhattacharya S, Felberbaum R, de Mouzon J, Nygren KG. Assisted reproductive technology in Europe, 2004: results generated from European registers by ESHRE. Hum Reprod 2008; 23:756-71. [PMID: 18281243 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/den014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Nyboe Andersen
- ESHRE Central Office, Meerstraat 60, B-1852 Grimbergen, Belgium.
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121
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Germond M, Wirthner D, Senn A. Core data for assisted reproductive technology registers: results of a consensus meeting. Reprod Biomed Online 2008; 17:834-40. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60412-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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122
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Vlaisavljevic V, Dmitrovic R, Sajko MC. Should the practice of double blastocyst transfer be abandoned? A retrospective analysis. Reprod Biomed Online 2008; 16:677-83. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60482-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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123
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Jakobsson M, Gissler M, Paavonen J, Tapper AM. The incidence of preterm deliveries decreases in Finland. BJOG 2007; 115:38-43. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2007.01565.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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124
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Rivera RM, Stein P, Weaver JR, Mager J, Schultz RM, Bartolomei MS. Manipulations of mouse embryos prior to implantation result in aberrant expression of imprinted genes on day 9.5 of development. Hum Mol Genet 2007; 17:1-14. [PMID: 17901045 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddm280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro culture of mouse embryos results in loss of imprinting. The aim of the present study was to examine how two of the techniques commonly used during assisted reproduction, namely embryo culture and embryo transfer, affect genomic imprinting after implantation in the mouse. F1 hybrid mouse embryos were subjected to three experimental conditions: control (unmanipulated), embryo transfer and in-vitro-culture followed by embryo transfer. Concepti were collected on d9.5 of development and allelic expression determination of ten imprinted genes (H19, Snrpn, Igf2, Kcnq1ot1, Cdkn1c, Kcnq1, Mknr3, Ascl2, Zim1, Peg3) was performed. Although control concepti had monoallelic imprinted gene expression in all tissues, both manipulated groups had aberrant expression of one or more imprinted genes in the yolk sac and placenta. Culture further exacerbated the effects of transfer by increasing the number of genes with aberrant allelic expression in extraembryonic, as well as embryonic tissues. Additionally, placentae of both groups of manipulated concepti exhibited reduced levels of Igf2 mRNA and increased levels of Ascl2 mRNA when compared with their unmanipulated counterparts. Furthermore, we show that biallelic expression of Kcnq1ot1 coincided with loss of methylation on the maternal allele of the KvDMR1 locus, a phenotype often associated with the human syndrome Beckwith-Wiedemann. In conclusion, our results show that even the most basic manipulation used during human-assisted reproduction, namely, embryo transfer, can lead to misexpression of several imprinted genes during post-implantation development. Additionally, our results serve as a cautionary tale for gene expression studies in which embryo transfer is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío M Rivera
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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125
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Marana R, Ferrari S, Astorri AL, Muzii L. Indications to tubal reconstructive surgery in the era of IVF. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10397-007-0344-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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126
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Rossin-Amar B. [In vitro fertilization (IVF): why doing it in stimulated cycles?]. GYNECOLOGIE, OBSTETRIQUE & FERTILITE 2007; 35:881-4. [PMID: 17703982 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2007.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2007] [Accepted: 07/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Assisted reproductive technology is a difficult course for the couples. Our purpose is to be effective without damaging the patient and the child to be born. The cumulative rates of success are strictly dependent on the number of oocytes and on the obtained top quality embryos and thus on the realization of an effective stimulation. The risk of multiple pregnancies can be adjusted by an adapted policy of transfer. The transfer of a fresh embryo followed by cycles of frozen embryos transfers gives very satisfactory cumulative pregnancy rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rossin-Amar
- Service de médecine et de biologie de la reproduction, hôpital Saint-Joseph, 26, boulevard de-Louvain, 13008 Marseille, France.
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127
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Wechowski J, Connolly M, McEwan P, Kennedy R. An economic evaluation of highly purified HMG and recombinant FSH based on a large randomized trial. Reprod Biomed Online 2007; 15:500-6. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60380-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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