101
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Chu P, Liu H, Yang Q, Wang Y, Yan G, Guan R. An RNA-seq transcriptome analysis of floral buds of an interspecific Brassica hybrid between B. carinata and B. napus. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2014; 27:225-237. [PMID: 25398253 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-014-0253-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Interspecific hybridizations promote gene transfer between species and play an important role in plant speciation and crop improvement. However, hybrid sterility that commonly found in the first generation of hybrids hinders the utilization of interspecific hybridization. The combination of divergent parental genomes can create extensive transcriptome variations, and to determine these gene expression alterations and their effects on hybrids, an interspecific Brassica hybrid of B. carinata × B. napus was generated. Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated that some of the hybrid pollen grains were irregular in shape and exhibited abnormal exine patterns compared with those from the parents. Using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform, 39,598, 32,403 and 42,208 genes were identified in flower buds of B. carinata cv. W29, B. napus cv. Zhongshuang 11 and their hybrids, respectively. The differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in pollen wall assembly, pollen exine formation, pollen development, pollen tube growth, pollination, gene transcription, macromolecule methylation and translation, which might be associated with impaired fertility in the F1 hybrid. These results will shed light on the mechanisms underlying the low fertility of the interspecific hybrids and expand our knowledge of interspecific hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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102
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Kawashima T, Maruyama D, Shagirov M, Li J, Hamamura Y, Yelagandula R, Toyama Y, Berger F. Dynamic F-actin movement is essential for fertilization in Arabidopsis thaliana. eLife 2014; 3. [PMID: 25303363 PMCID: PMC4221737 DOI: 10.7554/elife.04501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In animals, microtubules and centrosomes direct the migration of gamete pronuclei for fertilization. By contrast, flowering plants have lost essential components of the centrosome, raising the question of how flowering plants control gamete nuclei migration during fertilization. Here, we use Arabidopsis thaliana to document a novel mechanism that regulates F-actin dynamics in the female gametes and is essential for fertilization. Live imaging shows that F-actin structures assist the male nucleus during its migration towards the female nucleus. We identify a female gamete-specific Rho-GTPase that regulates F-actin dynamics and further show that actin-myosin interactions are also involved in male gamete nucleus migration. Genetic analyses and imaging indicate that microtubules are dispensable for migration and fusion of male and female gamete nuclei. The innovation of a novel actin-based mechanism of fertilization during plant evolution might account for the complete loss of the centrosome in flowering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Kawashima
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daisuke Maruyama
- Nagoya Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Murat Shagirov
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Li
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuki Hamamura
- Division of Biological Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Science, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ramesh Yelagandula
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yusuke Toyama
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Frédéric Berger
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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103
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Wang BJ, Hsu YF, Chen YC, Wang CS. Characterization of a lily anther-specific gene encoding cytoskeleton-binding glycoproteins and overexpression of the gene causes severe inhibition of pollen tube growth. PLANTA 2014; 240:525-537. [PMID: 24944111 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2099-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This work characterizes an anther/pollen-specific gene that encodes potential intermediate filament (IF)-binding glycoproteins in lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb. cv. Snow Queen) anthers during the development and pollen germination. LLP13 is a single gene that encodes a polypeptide of 807 amino acids, and a calculated molecular mass of 91 kDa. The protein contains a predicted transmembrane domain at the N-terminus and a conserved domain of unknown function (DUF)593 at the C-terminal half of the polypeptide. Sequence analysis revealed that LLP13 shares significant identity (37-41 %) with two intermediate filament antigen-binding proteins, representing a unique subgroup of DUF593 domain proteins from known rice and Arabidopsis species. The expression of LLP13 gene is anther-specific, and the transcript accumulates only at the stage of pollen maturation. Both premature drying and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment of developing pollen indicated that LLP13 was not induced by desiccation and ABA, but by other developmental cues. Antiserum was raised against the overexpressed LLP13C fragment of the protein in Escherichia coli and affinity-purified antibodies were prepared. Immunoblot analyses revealed that the LLP13 protein was a heterogeneous, anther-specific glycoprotein that accumulated only at the stage of pollen maturation. The protein is not heat-soluble. The level of LLP13 protein remained for 24 h during germination in vitro. Overexpression of LLP13-GFP or GFP-LLP13 in lily pollen tubes caused severe inhibition of tube elongation. The LLP13 protein codistributed with mTalin in growing tubes, suggesting that it apparently decorates actin cytoskeleton and is likely a cytoskeleton-binding protein that binds with IFs that potentially exist in pollen tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Jyun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
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104
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Gao QF, Fei CF, Dong JY, Gu LL, Wang YF. Arabidopsis CNGC18 is a Ca²⁺-permeable channel. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:739-43. [PMID: 24380879 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sst174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Fei Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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105
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Zhou L, Lan W, Jiang Y, Fang W, Luan S. A calcium-dependent protein kinase interacts with and activates a calcium channel to regulate pollen tube growth. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:369-76. [PMID: 24121288 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sst125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Calcium, as a ubiquitous second messenger, plays essential roles in tip-growing cells, such as animal neurons, plant pollen tubes, and root hairs. However, little is known concerning the regulatory mechanisms that code and decode Ca(2+) signals in plants. The evidence presented here indicates that a calcium-dependent protein kinase, CPK32, controls polar growth of pollen tubes. Overexpression of CPK32 disrupted the polar growth along with excessive Ca(2+) accumulation in the tip. A search of downstream effector molecules for CPK32 led to identification of a cyclic nucleotide-gated channel, CNGC18, as an interacting partner for CPK32. Co-expression of CPK32 and CNGC18 resulted in activation of CNGC18 in Xenopus oocytes where expression of CNGC18 alone did not exhibit significant calcium channel activity. Overexpression of CNGC18 produced a growth arrest phenotype coupled with accumulation of calcium in the tip, similar to that induced by CPK32 overexpression. Co-expression of CPK32 and CNGC18 had a synergistic effect leading to more severe depolarization of pollen tube growth. These results provide a potential feed-forward mechanism in which calcium-activated CPK32 activates CNGC18, further promoting calcium entry during the elevation phase of Ca(2+) oscillations in the polar growth of pollen tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Zhou
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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106
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Losada JM, Herrero M. Glycoprotein composition along the pistil of Malus x domestica and the modulation of pollen tube growth. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:1. [PMID: 25316555 PMCID: PMC3890559 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-14-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The characteristics of pollen tube growth are not constant, but display distinct patterns of growth within the different tissues of the pistil. In the stigma, the growth rate is slow and autotrophic, whereas in the style, it is rapid and heterotrophic. Very little is known about the interactions between these distinct maternal tissues and the traversing pollen tube and the role of this interaction on the observed metabolism. In this work we characterise pollen tube growth in the apple flower and look for differences in glycoprotein epitope localization between two different maternal tissues, the stigma and the style. RESULTS While immunocytochemically-detected arabinogalactan proteins were present at high levels in the stigma, they were not detected in the transmitting tissue of the style, where extensins were abundant. Whereas extensins remained at high levels in unpollinated pistils, they were no longer present in the style following pollen tube passage. Similarily, while abundant in unpollinated styles, insoluble polysaccharides such as β-glucans, were depleted in pollinated pistils. CONCLUSIONS The switch from autotropic to heterotrophic pollen tube growth correlates spatially with a change of glycoprotein epitopes between the stigma and the style. The depletion of extensins and polysaccharides following pollen tube passage in the style suggest a possible contribution to the acceleration of heterotrophic pollen tube growth, which would imply an active contribution of female tissues on prezygotic male-female crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Losada
- Pomology Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station CSIC, Apdo 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
- Present address: Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, 1300 Centre Street, 02131 Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Herrero
- Pomology Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station CSIC, Apdo 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
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107
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Chen DH, Acharya BR, Liu W, Zhang W. Interaction between Calcium and Actin in Guard Cell and Pollen Signaling Networks. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2013; 2:615-34. [PMID: 27137395 PMCID: PMC4844389 DOI: 10.3390/plants2040615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca(2+)) plays important roles in plant growth, development, and signal transduction. It is a vital nutrient for plant physical design, such as cell wall and membrane, and also serves as a counter-cation for biochemical, inorganic, and organic anions, and more particularly, its concentration change in cytosol is a ubiquitous second messenger in plant physiological signaling in responses to developmental and environmental stimuli. Actin cytoskeleton is well known for its importance in cellular architecture maintenance and its significance in cytoplasmic streaming and cell division. In plant cell system, the actin dynamics is a process of polymerization and de-polymerization of globular actin and filamentous actin and that acts as an active regulator for calcium signaling by controlling calcium evoked physiological responses. The elucidation of the interaction between calcium and actin dynamics will be helpful for further investigation of plant cell signaling networks at molecular level. This review mainly focuses on the recent advances in understanding the interaction between the two aforementioned signaling components in two well-established model systems of plant, guard cell, and pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hua Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China.
| | - Biswa R Acharya
- Biology Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Wei Liu
- High-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology of Crops, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China.
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108
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Cheung AY, Palanivelu R, Tang WH, Xue HW, Yang WC. Pollen and plant reproduction biology: blooming from East to West. MOLECULAR PLANT 2013; 6:995-7. [PMID: 23873927 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sst108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Y Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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